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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2012
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

NOTE 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The information contained in this report is unaudited.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information. In the opinion of management, the information reflects all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011. The year-end balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. Operating results for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2012 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2012.

Certain prior-year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period classifications and those reclassifications are not material to previously issued financial statements. Susquehanna has reclassified and separately presented restricted investment in bank stock from its securities available for sale. Restricted investment in bank stock consists of Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”) stock, Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) stock, and Atlantic Central Bankers Bank stock. Federal law requires a member institution of the FRB and FHLB to hold stock according to predetermined formulas. Atlantic Central Bankers Bank requires its correspondent banking institutions to hold stock as a condition of membership. The restricted investment in bank stock is carried at cost and is included in the evaluation for impairment.

The accounting policies of Susquehanna Bancshares, Inc. and Subsidiaries (“Susquehanna”), as applied in the consolidated interim financial statements presented herein, are substantially the same as those followed on an annual basis as presented on pages 77 through 83 of Susquehanna’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011

Purchased Loans. Purchased loans are initially recorded at their acquisition date fair values. The carryover of allowance for loan losses is prohibited as any credit losses in the loans are included in the determination of the fair value of the loans at the acquisition date. Fair values for purchased loans are based on a discounted cash flow methodology that involves assumptions and judgments as to credit risk, default rates, loss severity, collateral values, discount rates, payment speeds, prepayment risk, and liquidity risk.

As part of its acquisition due diligence process, Susquehanna reviewed the acquired institutions’ loan grading system and the associated risk ratings of loans. In performing this review, Susquehanna considered cash flows, debt service coverage, delinquency status, accrual status, and collateral for the loan. Where necessary, Susquehanna’s loan review group developed or updated the risk ratings on the purchased loans. This process allowed Susquehanna to clearly identify the population of purchased loans that had evidence of deterioration in credit quality since origination and for which it is probable, at acquisition, that Susquehanna would be unable to collect all contractually required payments. Loans identified by Susquehanna as substandard or non-performing were considered to be within the scope of ASC 310-30, Loan and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality and are identified as “Purchased Impaired Loans” (“PCI”) in Note 2. Acquisitions.

For the acquisition of Tower Bancorp, Inc. (“Tower”) on February 17, 2012, Susquehanna aggregated loans into six pools based on loan type. The individual pools each were then accounted for as a single asset with a composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows. For all loans, the excess of cash flows expected at acquisition over the estimated fair value is referred to as the accretable discount and is recognized into interest income over the remaining life of the loan. The difference between contractually required payments at acquisition and the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition is referred to as the non-accretable discount. The non-accretable discount represents estimated future credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the loan. Subsequent decreases to the expected cash flows require Susquehanna to evaluate the need for an allowance for loan losses on these loans. Subsequent improvements in expected cash flows result in the reversal of a corresponding amount of the non-accretable discount which Susquehanna then reclassifies as an accretable discount that is recognized into interest income over the remaining life of the loan using the interest method. Susquehanna’s evaluation of the amount of future cash flows that it expects to collect is based on a discounted cash flow methodology that involves assumptions and judgments as to credit risk, default rates, loss severity, collateral values, discount rates, payment speeds, prepayment risk, and liquidity risk. Charge-offs of the principal amount on purchased loans are first applied to the non-accretable discount.

On the date of acquisition, loans are initially recognized at fair value, which incorporates the present value of amounts estimated to be collectible. PCI loans are not classified as 90 days past due and still accruing, or nonaccrual, even though they may be contractually past due, where we expect to fully collect the recorded investment of such loans.

 

As a result of the application of this accounting methodology, certain credit-related ratios of Susquehanna, including, for example, the growth rate in non-performing assets, may not necessarily be directly comparable with periods prior to the acquisition of the PCI loans, or with credit-related ratios of other financial institutions.

For purchased loans that are not deemed impaired at acquisition, credit discounts representing the principal losses expected over the life of the loan are a component of the initial fair value and accreted to interest income over the life of the asset. Subsequent to the purchase date, the methods used to estimate the required allowance for loan losses for these loans is similar to originated loans.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements requires Susquehanna to make estimates and assumptions that affect: (a) reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements; and (b) the reported amounts of revenues and expenses and gains and losses during the reporting period. Management has made significant estimates in preparing the financial statements, including, but not limited to, establishing the allowance for loan and lease losses, measuring the value of financial instruments, assessing impairments on investments, assessing recoverability of intangible assets and goodwill, and assessing the realizability of deferred income tax assets. Actual results could be different from these estimates.

Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance

In September 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2011-08, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) – Testing Goodwill for Impairment. This ASU allows entities an option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. Under that option, an entity no longer would be required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit unless the entity determines, based on that qualitative assessment, that it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than its carrying amount. Adoption of this guidance has not had a material impact on results of operations or financial condition.

In April 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2011-02, Receivables (Topic 310) – A Creditor’s Determination of Whether a Restructuring Is a Troubled Debt Restructuring. This ASU clarifies which loan modifications constitute troubled debt restructurings for purposes of recording an impairment loss and for disclosure of troubled debt restructurings. This guidance was effective for interim and annual periods beginning on or after September 15, 2011, and applies retrospectively to restructurings occurring on or after the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. In addition, ASU 2011-02 requires that an entity disclose the information required by ASU 2010-20, Receivables (Topic 310) – Disclosures about the Credit Quality of Financing Receivables and the Allowance for Credit Losses, which was previously deferred by ASU 2011-01. Adoption of this guidance has not had a material impact on results of operations or financial condition.

In September 2011, FASB issued ASU 2011-05, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) – Presentation of Comprehensive Income. This ASU requires an entity that reports items of other comprehensive income to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. The option in current GAAP that permits the presentation of other comprehensive income in the statement of changes in equity has been eliminated. This guidance is to be applied retrospectively

and is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011. Adoption of this guidance has not had a material impact on results of operations or financial condition.

In May 2011, FASB issued ASU 2011-04, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) – Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs. This ASU does not extend the use of fair value accounting, but provides guidance on how it should be applied where its use is already required or permitted. This guidance is to be applied prospectively and is effective during interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. Adoption of this guidance has not had a material impact on results of operations or financial condition. In conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2011-04, Susquehanna also elected to apply the portfolio exception in 820-10-35-18D with respect to measuring counterparty risk for all of its derivative transactions subject to master netting arrangements.

In April 2011, FASB issued ASU 2011-03, Transfer and Servicing (Topic 860) – Reconsideration of Effective Control for Repurchase Agreements. This ASU removes from the assessment of effective control (1) the criterion requiring the transferor to

have the ability to repurchase or redeem the financial assets on substantially the agreed terms, even in the event of default by the transferee, and (2) the collateral maintenance implementation guidance related to that criterion. This guidance is effective for the first interim or annual period beginning on or after December 15, 2011. The guidance should be applied prospectively to transactions or modifications of existing transactions that occur on or after the effective date. Adoption of this guidance has not had a material impact on results of operations or financial condition.

 

Recently Issued Accounting Guidance

In December 2011, FASB issued ASU 2011-11, Balance Sheet (Topic 210) – Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities. This ASU requires an entity to disclose the nature of its rights of setoff and related arrangements associated with its financial instruments and derivative instruments. The objective of ASU 2011-11 is to make financial statements that are prepared under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) more comparable to those prepared under International Financial Reporting Standards. The new disclosures will give financial statement users information about both gross and net exposures. ASU 2011-11 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2013 and will be applied on a retrospective basis. The adoption of the amendment is not expected to have a material impact the financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

In December 2011, FASB issued ASU 2011-12, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) – Deferral of the Effective Date for Amendments to the Presentation of Reclassification of Items Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in Update No. 2011-05. This update temporarily delays the new requirement to present components of reclassifications of other comprehensive income on the face of the income statement. Companies would still be required to adopt the other requirements contained in the new standard on comprehensive income. Without this delay, those presentation requirements would have been effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011. Adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on results of operations or financial condition.