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Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Receivables [Abstract]  
Summary of Loans and Leases, Net of Unearned Income
Loans and leases, net of unearned income are summarized as follows as of December 31:
20222021
(dollars in thousands)
Real estate - commercial mortgage$7,693,835 $7,279,080 
Commercial and industrial(1)
4,477,537 4,208,327 
Real-estate - residential mortgage4,737,279 3,846,750 
Real-estate - home equity1,102,838 1,118,248 
Real-estate - construction1,269,925 1,139,779 
Consumer699,179 464,657 
Equipment lease financing and other324,928 283,557 
Overdrafts3,403 1,988 
Gross loans20,308,924 18,342,386 
Unearned income(29,377)(17,036)
Net loans$20,279,547 $18,325,350 
(1) Includes PPP loans totaling $20.4 million and $301.3 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 respectively.
Schedule of Allowance for Credit Losses
The following table summarizes the ACL - loans balance and the reserve for OBS credit exposures balance as of December 31, 2022 and 2021:

20222021
(dollars in thousands)
ACL - loans $269,366 $249,001 
Reserve for OBS credit exposures(1)
$16,328 $14,533 
(1) Included in other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Activity in the Allowance for Credit Losses
The following table presents the activity in the ACL - loans balances for the years ended December 31:
202220212020
(dollars in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period$249,001 $277,567 $163,620 
CECL Day 1 Provision expense7,954 — — 
Purchased credit deteriorated loans1,135 — — 
Impact of adopting CECL on January 1, 2020— — 45,724 
Loans charged off(21,472)(30,952)(30,557)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off14,092 17,146 21,020 
Net loans (charged-off) recovered(7,380)(13,806)(9,537)
Provision for credit losses18,656 (14,760)77,760 
Balance at the end of the period$269,366 $249,001 $277,567 
Provision for OBS credit exposures$1,411 $160 $(840)
Reserve for OBS credit exposures$16,328 $14,533 $14,373 

The following tables present the activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, by portfolio segment:
Real Estate -
Commercial
Mortgage		Commercial and IndustrialConsumer and Real Estate -
Home
Equity		Real Estate -
Residential
Mortgage		Real Estate -
Construction		Equipment Finance Leasing and OtherTotal
 (dollars in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2020$103,425 $74,771 $25,137 $51,995 $15,608 $6,631 $277,567 
Loans charged off(8,726)(15,337)(3,309)(1,290)(39)(2,251)(30,952)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off2,474 9,587 2,345 375 1,412 953 17,146 
Net loans (charged off) recovered(6,252)(5,750)(964)(915)1,373 (1,298)(13,806)
Provision for loan losses (1)
(9,203)(1,965)(4,424)3,156 (4,040)1,716 (14,760)
Balance at December 31, 202187,970 67,056 19,749 54,236 12,941 7,049 249,001 
CECL Day 1 Provision expense4,107 — 131 3,716 — — 7,954 
Initial purchased credit deteriorated loans1,051 — 7 77 — — 1,135 
Loans charged off(12,473)(2,390)(4,412)(66)— (2,131)(21,472)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off3,860 5,893 2,581 425 574 759 14,092 
Net loans (charged off) recovered(8,613)3,503 (1,831)359 574 (1,372)(7,380)
Provision for loan losses(1)
(15,059)(443)8,373 24,862 (2,772)3,695 18,656 
Balance at December 31, 2022$69,456 $70,116 $26,429 $83,250 $10,743 $9,372 $269,366 
(1) Provision included in the table only includes the portion related to net loans
Total Non-Accrual Loans by Class Segment
The following table presents total non-accrual loans, by class segment:

20222021
With a Related AllowanceWithout a Related AllowanceTotalWith a Related AllowanceWithout a Related AllowanceTotal
(dollars in thousands)
Real estate - commercial mortgage$39,722 $30,439 $70,161 $20,564 $32,251 $52,815 
Commercial and industrial14,804 12,312 27,116 12,571 17,570 30,141 
Real estate - residential mortgage25,315 979 26,294 35,269 — 35,269 
Real estate - home equity5,975 130 6,105 8,671 — 8,671 
Real estate - construction866 502 1,368 173 728 901 
Consumer92 — 92 229 — 229 
Equipment lease financing and other4,052 9,255 13,307 6,247 9,393 15,640 
Total$90,826 $53,617 $144,443 $83,724 $59,942 $143,666 
Financing Receivable Credit Quality Indicators
The following table summarizes designated internal risk categories by portfolio segment and loan class, by origination year, in the current period:
December 31, 2022
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination YearRevolving LoansRevolving Loans converted to Term Loans
(dollars in thousands)AmortizedAmortized
20222021202020192018PriorCost BasisCost BasisTotal
Real estate - commercial mortgage
Pass$1,014,575 $1,095,725 $969,118 $810,850 $621,689 $2,610,511 $80,665 $307 $7,203,440 
Special Mention95 50,367 23,296 33,735 16,205 181,736 947 — 306,381 
Substandard or Lower1,032 3,039 31,042 38,378 23,112 87,168 243 — 184,014 
Total real estate - commercial mortgage1,015,702 1,149,131 1,023,456 882,963 661,006 2,879,415 81,855 307 7,693,835 
Real estate - commercial mortgage
Current period gross charge-offs— — — — — (53)— (12,420)(12,473)
Current period recoveries— — — — — 4 — 3,856 3,860 
Total net (charge-offs) recoveries— — — — — (49)— (8,564)(8,613)
Commercial and industrial(2)
Pass907,390 449,145 397,881 315,605 185,096 604,352 1,387,961 618 4,248,048 
Special Mention11,405 24,479 3,763 8,147 5,218 24,633 56,048 250 133,943 
Substandard or Lower834 418 4,818 13,044 3,081 22,025 51,077 249 95,546 
   Total commercial and industrial919,629 474,042 406,462 336,796 193,395 651,010 1,495,086 1,117 4,477,537 
Commercial and industrial
Current period gross charge-offs— — (36)— (21)(365)(1,192)(776)(2,390)
Current period recoveries— — 30 95 379 1,740 811 2,838 5,893 
Total net (charge-offs) recoveries— — (6)95 358 1,375 (381)2,062 3,503 
 Real estate - construction(1)
Pass159,195 390,993 243,406 28,539 24,421 93,511 47,271 — 987,336 
Special Mention— — — — — 21,603 — — 21,603 
Substandard or Lower— — 3,852 2,274 — 4,272 203 — 10,601 
   Total real estate - construction159,195 390,993 247,258 30,813 24,421 119,386 47,474 — 1,019,540 
Real estate - construction(1)
Current period gross charge-offs— — — — — — — — — 
Current period recoveries— — — — — 527 — 47 574 
Total net (charge-offs) recoveries— — — — — 527 — 47 574 
Total
Pass$2,081,160 $1,935,863 $1,610,405 $1,154,994 $831,206 $3,308,374 $1,515,897 $925 $12,438,824 
Special Mention11,500 74,846 27,059 41,882 21,423 227,972 56,995 250 461,927 
Substandard or Lower1,866 3,457 39,712 53,696 26,193 113,465 51,523 249 290,161 
Total$2,094,526 $2,014,166 $1,677,176 $1,250,572 $878,822 $3,649,811 $1,624,415 $1,424 $13,190,912 

(1) Excludes real estate - construction - other.
(2) Loans originated in 2022 include $20.4 million of PPP loans that were assigned a rating of Pass based on the existence of a federal government guaranty through the SBA.
The following table summarizes designated internal risk rating categories by portfolio segment and loan class, by origination year, in the prior period:
December 31, 2021
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination YearRevolving LoansRevolving Loans converted to Term Loans
(dollars in thousands)AmortizedAmortized
20212020201920182017PriorCost BasisCost BasisTotal
Real estate - commercial mortgage
Pass$1,086,113 $899,172 $826,866 $624,653 $712,223 $2,356,308 $55,370 $— $6,560,705 
Special Mention1,317 60,732 96,508 25,280 33,595 169,732 115 — 387,279 
Substandard or Lower1,537 8,516 28,810 68,818 69,793 151,450 684 1,488 331,096 
Total real estate - commercial mortgage1,088,967 968,420 952,184 718,751 815,611 2,677,490 56,169 1,488 7,279,080 
Real estate - commercial mortgage
Current period gross charge-offs— — (14)(25)(6,972)(1,517)(198)— (8,726)
Current period recoveries— — — — 983 1,491 — — 2,474 
Total net (charge-offs) recoveries— — (14)(25)(5,989)(26)(198)— (6,252)
Commercial and industrial(2)
Pass855,924 520,802 396,575 232,805 147,675 581,762 1,177,857 339 3,913,739 
Special Mention5,386 8,538 33,937 8,301 10,346 23,380 52,386 95 142,369 
Substandard or Lower1,225 9,775 19,393 24,327 11,912 34,825 49,562 1,200 152,219 
Total commercial and industrial862,535 539,115 449,905 265,433 169,933 639,967 1,279,805 1,634 4,208,327 
Commercial and industrial
Current period gross charge-offs(2,977)(406)(4,966)(208)(286)(800)(5,694)— (15,337)
Current period recoveries6 39 4,691 841 457 2,342 1,211 — 9,587 
Total net (charge-offs) recoveries(2,971)(367)(275)633 171 1,542 (4,483)— (5,750)
 Real estate - construction(1)
Pass190,030 315,811 113,245 83,886 17,545 117,157 46,409 — 884,083 
Special Mention5,843 775 9,984 20,200 15,724 6,315 — — 58,841 
Substandard or Lower— — — — 1,912 4,185 227 — 6,324 
Total real estate - construction195,873 316,586 123,229 104,086 35,181 127,657 46,636 — 949,248 
Real estate - construction(1)
Current period gross charge-offs— — (39)— — — — — (39)
Current period recoveries— — 39 — — 1,373 — — 1,412 
Total net (charge-offs) recoveries— — — — — 1,373 — — 1,373 
Total
Pass$2,132,067 $1,735,785 $1,336,686 $941,344 $877,443 $3,055,227 $1,279,636 $339 $11,358,527 
Special Mention12,546 70,045 140,429 53,781 59,665 199,427 52,501 95 588,489 
Substandard or Lower2,762 18,291 48,203 93,145 83,617 190,460 50,473 2,688 489,639 
Total$2,147,375 $1,824,121 $1,525,318 $1,088,270 $1,020,725 $3,445,114 $1,382,610 $3,122 $12,436,655 
(1) Excludes real estate - construction - other.
(2) Loans originated in 2021 and 2020 include $301.3 million of PPP loans that were assigned a rating of Pass based on the existence of a federal government guaranty through the SBA.
The following table presents the amortized cost of these loans based on payment activity, by origination year, for the current period:
December 31, 2022
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination YearRevolving LoansRevolving Loans converted to Term Loans
(dollars in thousands)AmortizedAmortized
20222021202020192018PriorCost BasisCost BasisTotal
Real estate - residential mortgage
Performing$933,903 $1,708,703 $1,054,126 $286,167 $87,455 $620,416 $— $— $4,690,770 
Non-performing1,199 5,104 6,597 6,466 4,587 22,556 — — 46,509 
   Total real estate - residential mortgage935,102 1,713,807 1,060,723 292,633 92,042 642,972 — — 4,737,279 
Real estate - residential mortgage
Current period gross charge-offs— — — — — — — (66)(66)
Current period recoveries— — 4 — 27 261 — 133 425 
Total net (charge-offs) recoveries— — 4 — 27 261 — 67 359 
Consumer and real estate - home equity
Performing416,631 109,724 80,422 52,384 45,642 211,127 842,226 34,061 1,792,217 
Non-performing292 298 174 36 98 6,512 1,722 668 9,800 
   Total real estate - home equity416,923 110,022 80,596 52,420 45,740 217,639 843,948 34,729 1,802,017 
Consumer and real estate - home equity
Current period gross charge-offs— (587)(70)(108)(16)(442)(178)(3,011)(4,412)
Current period recoveries— 44 88 29 16 595 294 1,515 2,581 
Total net (charge-offs) recoveries— (543)18 (79)— 153 116 (1,496)(1,831)
Construction - other
Performing164,924 73,492 10,892 — 1,077 — — — 250,385 
Non-performing— — — — — — — — — 
   Total construction - other164,924 73,492 10,892 — 1,077 — — — 250,385 
Construction - other
Current period gross charge-offs— — — — — — — — — 
Current period recoveries— — — — — — — — — 
Total net (charge-offs) recoveries— — — — — — — — — 
Equipment lease financing and other
Performing146,198 39,427 40,024 29,309 15,019 15,670 — — 285,647 
Non-performing— — — — — 13,307 — — 13,307 
   Total leasing and other146,198 39,427 40,024 29,309 15,019 28,977 — — 298,954 
Equipment lease financing and other
Current period gross charge-offs(506)(167)(140)(80)(47)(1,191)— — (2,131)
Current period recoveries63 18 82 25 10 268 — 293 759 
Total net (charge-offs) recoveries(443)(149)(58)(55)(37)(923)— 293 (1,372)
Total
Performing$1,661,656 $1,931,346 $1,185,464 $367,860 $149,193 $847,213 $842,226 $34,061 $7,019,019 
Non-performing1,491 5,402 6,771 6,502 4,685 42,375 1,722 668 69,616 
Total$1,663,147 $1,936,748 $1,192,235 $374,362 $153,878 $889,588 $843,948 $34,729 $7,088,635 
December 31, 2021
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination YearRevolving LoansRevolving Loans converted to Term Loans
(dollars in thousands)AmortizedAmortized
20212020201920182017PriorCost BasisCost BasisTotal
Real estate - residential mortgage
Performing$1,548,174 $1,133,602 $344,625 $113,801 $198,164 $468,842 $— $— $3,807,208 
Non-performing— 6,753 2,189 3,424 2,844 24,332 — — 39,542 
   Total real estate - residential mortgage1,548,174 1,140,355 346,814 117,225 201,008 493,174 — — 3,846,750 
Real estate - residential mortgage
Current period gross charge-offs— (626)(148)(125)(4)(387)— — (1,290)
Current period recoveries— — 1 18 — 264 92 — 375 
Total net (charge-offs) recoveries— (626)(147)(107)(4)(123)92 — (915)
Consumer and real estate - home equity
Performing162,441 102,918 73,769 68,564 33,254 135,412 990,842 3,999 1,571,199 
Non-performing122 101 60 51 314 2,348 8,512 198 11,706 
   Total real estate - home equity162,563 103,019 73,829 68,615 33,568 137,760 999,354 4,197 1,582,905 
Consumer real estate - home equity
Current period gross charge-offs(175)(491)(496)(238)(224)(411)(1,274)— (3,309)
Current period recoveries— 223 131 131 167 1,048 645 — 2,345 
Total net (charge-offs) recoveries(175)(268)(365)(107)(57)637 (629)— (964)
Construction - other
Performing144,652 40,040 638 5,028 — — — — 190,358 
Non-performing— — — — 173 — — — 173 
   Total construction - other144,652 40,040 638 5,028 173 — — — 190,531 
Construction - other
Current period gross charge-offs— — — — — — — — — 
Current period recoveries— — — — — — — — — 
Total net (charge-offs) recoveries— — — — — — — — — 
Equipment lease financing and other
Performing97,077 65,316 49,591 34,107 22,444 1,369 — — 269,904 
Non-performing— — — — 15,503 138 — — 15,641 
   Total leasing and other97,077 65,316 49,591 34,107 37,947 1,507 — — 285,545 
Equipment lease financing and other
Current period gross charge-offs(975)(1,276)— — — — — — (2,251)
Current period recoveries255 539 88 10 18 43 — — 953 
Total net (charge-offs) recoveries(720)(737)88 10 18 43 — — (1,298)
Total
Performing$1,952,344 $1,341,876 $468,623 $221,500 $253,862 $605,623 $990,842 $3,999 $5,838,669 
Non-performing122 6,854 2,249 3,475 18,834 26,818 8,512 198 67,062 
Total$1,952,466 $1,348,730 $470,872 $224,975 $272,696 $632,441 $999,354 $4,197 $5,905,731 
Non-Performing Assets
The following table presents non-performing assets:
December 31,
2022		December 31,
2021
 (dollars in thousands)
Non-accrual loans$144,443 $143,666 
Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing(1)
27,463 8,453 
Total non-performing loans171,906 152,119 
OREO(2)
5,790 1,817 
Total non-performing assets$177,696 $153,936 
(1) Excludes PPP loans which are fully guaranteed by the federal government of $7.7 million as of December 31, 2022.
(2) Excludes $6.0 million of residential mortgage properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process as of December 31, 2022.
Aging of Amortized Cost Basis of Loans, by Class Segment
The following tables present the aging of the amortized cost basis of loans, by class segment:
30-5960-89≥ 90 Days
Days PastDays PastPast Due Non-
DueDueand AccruingAccrualCurrentTotal
(dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2022
Real estate – commercial mortgage$10,753 $4,644 $2,473 $70,161 $7,605,804 $7,693,835 
Commercial and industrial(1)
6,067 2,289 1,172 27,116 4,440,893 4,477,537 
Real estate – residential mortgage57,061 8,209 20,215 26,294 4,625,500 4,737,279 
Real estate – home equity5,666 2,444 2,704 6,105 1,085,919 1,102,838 
Real estate – construction1,762 1,758 — 1,368 1,265,037 1,269,925 
Consumer6,692 1,339 899 92 690,157 699,179 
Equipment lease financing and other348 122 — 13,307 285,177 298,954 
Total$88,349 $20,805 $27,463 $144,443 $19,998,487 $20,279,547 
(1) Excludes delinquent PPP loans 30-59 days past due, 60-89 days and 90 days or more past due of $0.1 million, $0.7 million and $7.7 million, respectively, which are fully guaranteed by the federal government.
30-59 Days Past
Due		60-89
Days Past
Due		≥ 90 Days
Past Due
and
Accruing		Non-
accrual		CurrentTotal
(dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2021
Real estate – commercial mortgage$1,089 $1,750 $1,229 $52,815 $7,222,197 $7,279,080 
Commercial and industrial5,457 1,932 488 30,141 4,170,309 4,208,327 
Real estate – residential mortgage22,957 2,920 4,130 35,269 3,781,474 3,846,750 
Real estate – home equity4,369 1,154 2,253 8,671 1,101,801 1,118,248 
Real estate – construction1,318 — — 901 1,137,560 1,139,779 
Consumer3,561 876 353 229 459,638 464,657 
Equipment lease financing and other226 27 — 15,640 252,616 268,509 
Total$38,977 $8,659 $8,453 $143,666 $18,125,595 $18,325,350 
Troubled Debt Restructurings on Financing Receivables
The following table presents TDRs, by class segment for the years ended December 31:
20222021
 (dollars in thousands)
Real estate - commercial mortgage$3,255 $3,464 
Commercial and industrial1,809 1,857 
Real estate - residential mortgage13,804 11,948 
Real estate - home equity10,717 12,218 
Consumer— 5 
Total accruing TDRs29,585 29,492 
Non-accrual TDRs(1)
31,853 55,945 
Total TDRs$61,438 $85,437 
 
(1) Included within non-accrual loans in the preceding table
Loan Terms Modified Under Troubled Debt Restructurings during The Period By Class Segment
The following table presents TDRs, by class segment, for loans that were modified during the years ended December 31:
202220212020
Number of LoansPost-Modification Recorded InvestmentNumber of LoansPost-Modification Recorded InvestmentNumber of LoansPost-Modification Recorded Investment
(dollars in thousands)
Real estate - commercial mortgage1 $150 9 $16,020 12 $24,868 
Commercial and industrial1 82 10 2,823 20 5,218 
Real estate - residential mortgage5 293 46 13,256 48 10,493 
Real estate - home equity5 329 30 1,226 48 4,359 
Real estate - construction— — 1 154 — — 
Consumer13 792 — — 14 345 
Total25 $1,646 96 $33,479 142 $45,283