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Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments
 12 Months Ended
Oct. 27, 2024
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]  
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments
Summary of Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments
The following tables summarize our cash, cash equivalents and investments by security type:
 
October 27, 2024CostGross
Unrealized
Gains		Gross
Unrealized
Losses		Estimated
Fair Value
 (In millions)
Cash$1,313 $— $— $1,313 
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds*
3,421 — — 3,421 
Bank certificates of deposit and time deposits90 — — 90 
U.S. Treasury and agency securities1,394 — — 1,394 
Municipal securities19 — — 19 
Commercial paper, corporate bonds and medium-term notes1,785 — — 1,785 
Total cash equivalents6,709 — — 6,709 
Total cash and cash equivalents$8,022 $— $— $8,022 
Short-term and long-term investments:
Bank certificates of deposit and time deposits$13 $— $— $13 
U.S. Treasury and agency securities1,306 — 2 1,304 
Non-U.S. government securities**
5 — — 5 
Municipal securities441 2 2 441 
Commercial paper, corporate bonds and medium-term notes803 4 2 805 
Asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities656 3 5 654 
      Total fixed income securities3,224 9 11 3,222 
Publicly traded equity securities543 185 5 723 
Equity investments in privately held companies255 58 22 291 
      Total equity investments798 243 27 1,014 
Total short-term and long-term investments$4,022 $252 $38 $4,236 
Total cash, cash equivalents and investments$12,044 $252 $38 $12,258 
 _________________________
*Excludes $91 million of restricted cash equivalents invested in money market funds related to deferred compensation plans.
**Includes Canadian provincial government debt.
October 29, 2023CostGross
Unrealized
Gains		Gross
Unrealized
Losses		Estimated
Fair Value
 (In millions)
Cash$1,417 $— $— $1,417 
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds*
3,260 — — 3,260 
Municipal securities26 — — 26 
Commercial paper, corporate bonds and medium-term notes1,429 — — 1,429 
Total cash equivalents4,715 — — 4,715 
Total cash and cash equivalents$6,132 $— $— $6,132 
Short-term and long-term investments:
Bank certificates of deposit and time deposits$18 $— $— $18 
U.S. Treasury and agency securities381 — 7 374 
Non-U.S. government securities**
7 — 1 6 
Municipal securities438 — 11 427 
Commercial paper, corporate bonds and medium-term notes760 — 12 748 
Asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities502 — 15 487 
      Total fixed income securities2,106 — 46 2,060 
Publicly traded equity securities543 171 16 698 
Equity investments in privately held companies192 78 10 260 
       Total equity investments735 249 26 958 
Total short-term and long-term investments$2,841 $249 $72 $3,018 
Total cash, cash equivalents and investments$8,973 $249 $72 $9,150 
________________________
*Excludes $101 million of restricted cash equivalents invested in money market funds related to deferred compensation plans.
**Includes Canadian provincial government debt.
 
During fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, interest income from our cash, cash equivalents and fixed income securities was $486 million, $262 million and $44 million, respectively.

Maturities of Investments
The following table summarizes the contractual maturities of our investments at October 27, 2024:
 
CostEstimated Fair Value
 (In millions)
Due in one year or less$1,405 $1,403 
Due after one through five years1,163 1,165 
No single maturity date*1,454 1,668 
Total$4,022 $4,236 
 _________________________
*Securities with no single maturity date include publicly traded and privately held equity securities and asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities.
 
Gains and Losses on Investments 
At October 27, 2024, gross unrealized losses related to our fixed income portfolio were not material. We regularly review our fixed income portfolio to identify and evaluate investments that have indications of possible impairment from credit losses or other factors. Factors considered in determining whether an unrealized loss is considered to be a credit loss include: the significance of the decline in value compared to the cost basis; the financial condition; credit quality and near-term prospects of the investee; and whether it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security prior to recovery. Credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities are recorded as an allowance for credit losses through interest and other income (expense), net. Any additional changes in fair value that are not related to credit losses are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI).
During fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, gross realized gains and losses related to our fixed income portfolio were not material.
During fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, we did not recognize material credit losses and the ending allowance for credit losses was not material.
The components of gain (loss) on equity investments for each fiscal year were as follows:
202420232022
(In millions)
Publicly traded equity securities
Unrealized gain$332 $193 $30 
Unrealized loss(287)(44)(62)
Realized gain on sales and dividends5 9 7
Realized loss on sales or impairment(1)(4)— 
Equity investments in privately held companies
Unrealized gain3 15 41
Unrealized loss(17)(30)(5)
Realized gain on sales and dividends4 9 3
Realized loss on sales or impairment(19)(121)(7)
Total gain (loss) on equity investments, net$20 $27 $7