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Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Oct. 27, 2019
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]  
Summary of cash, cash equivalents and investments
The following tables summarize Applied’s cash, cash equivalents and investments by security type:
 
October 27, 2019CostGross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair Value
 (In millions)
Cash$1,071  $—  $—  $1,071  
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds1,677  —  —  1,677  
U.S. Treasury and agency securities —  —   
Commercial paper, corporate bonds and medium-term notes377  —  —  377  
Total Cash equivalents2,058  —  —  2,058  
Total Cash and Cash equivalents$3,129  $—  $—  $3,129  
Short-term and long-term investments:
U.S. Treasury and agency securities$336  $ $—  $337  
Non-U.S. government securities*10  —  —  10  
Municipal securities402   —  406  
Commercial paper, corporate bonds and medium-term notes642   —  647  
Asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities631   —  635  
Total fixed income securities2,021  14  —  2,035  
Publicly traded equity securities 40   45  
Equity investments in privately-held companies105  10   112  
Total equity investments113  50   157  
Total short-term and long-term investments$2,134  $64  $ $2,192  
Total Cash, Cash equivalents and Investments$5,263  $64  $ $5,321  
 _________________________
* Includes agency debt securities guaranteed by Canada.
October 28, 2018CostGross
Unrealized
Gains
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
Estimated
Fair Value
 (In millions)
Cash$1,489  $—  $—  $1,489  
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds1,599  —  —  1,599  
Commercial paper, corporate bonds and medium-term notes352  —  —  352  
Total Cash equivalents1,951  —  —  1,951  
Total Cash and Cash equivalents$3,440  $—  $—  $3,440  
Short-term and long-term investments:
U.S. Treasury and agency securities$335  $—  $ $333  
Non-U.S. government securities*10  —  —  10  
Municipal securities399  —   395  
Commercial paper, corporate bonds and medium-term notes705  —   702  
Asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities595  —   591  
Total fixed income securities2,044  —  13  2,031  
Publicly traded equity securities17  25   38  
Equity investments in privately-held companies89  —  —  89  
Total equity investments106  25   127  
Total short-term and long-term investments$2,150  $25  $17  $2,158  
Total Cash, Cash equivalents and Investments$5,590  $25  $17  $5,598  
________________________
* Includes agency debt securities guaranteed by Canada.
Contractual maturities of investments
The following table summarizes the contractual maturities of Applied’s investments at October 27, 2019:
 
CostEstimated
Fair Value
 (In millions)
Due in one year or less$419  $420  
Due after one through five years971  981  
No single maturity date**744  791  
Total$2,134  $2,192  
 _________________________
** Securities with no single maturity date include publicly-traded and privately-held equity securities, and asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities.
Schedule of gross realized gains and losses on sales of investments
Gross realized gains and losses on sales of investments for each fiscal year were as follows:
 
201920182017
 (In millions)
Gross realized gains$10  $29  $14  
Gross realized losses$ $ $ 
Components of gain (loss) on equity investment
The components of gain (loss) on equity investments for fiscal 2019 were as follows:

2019
(In millions)
Publicly traded equity securities
Unrealized gain$28  
Unrealized loss(5) 
Gain on sales 
Loss on sales—  
Equity investments in privately-held companies
Unrealized gain13  
Unrealized loss(6) 
Gain on sales 
Loss on sales or impairment(1) 
Total gain on equity investments, net$36