SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Operations

MTS Systems Corporation is a leading global supplier of high-performance test systems and sensors. Our testing hardware and software solutions help customers accelerate and improve their design, development and manufacturing processes and are used for determining the mechanical behavior of materials, products and structures. Our high-performance sensors provide measurements of vibration, pressure, position, force and sound in a variety of applications.

Fiscal Year

We have a 5-4-4 week, quarterly accounting cycle with our fiscal year ending on the Saturday closest to September 30. Fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016 ended September 29, 2018, September 30, 2017 and October 1, 2016, respectively. Fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016 all include 52 weeks.

Consolidation

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of MTS Systems Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Significant intercompany account balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue on a sales arrangement when it is realized or realizable and earned, which occurs when all of the following criteria have been met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery and title transfer has occurred or services have been rendered; (3) the sales price is fixed and determinable; (4) collectability is reasonably assured; and (5) all significant obligations to the customer have been fulfilled.

Orders that are manufactured and delivered in less than six months with routine installations and no special acceptance protocols may contain multiple elements for revenue recognition purposes. We consider each deliverable that provides value to the customer on a standalone basis a separable element. Separable elements in these arrangements may include the design and manufacture of hardware and essential software, installation services, training and/or post contract maintenance and support. We initially allocate consideration to each separable element using the relative selling price method. Selling prices are determined based on either vendor-specific objective evidence (VSOE) (the actual selling prices of similar products and services sold on a standalone basis) or, in the absence of VSOE, our best estimate of the selling price. Factors considered in determining estimated selling prices for applicable elements generally include overall economic conditions, customer demand and costs incurred to provide the deliverable, as well as our historical pricing practices. Under these arrangements, revenue associated with each delivered element is recognized in an amount equal to the lesser of the consideration initially allocated to the delivered element or the amount for which payment is not deemed contingent upon future delivery of other elements in the arrangement. Under arrangements where special acceptance protocols exist, installation services and training are not considered separable. Accordingly, revenue for the entire arrangement is recognized upon the completion of installation, training and fulfillment of any other significant obligations specific to the terms of the arrangement. Arrangements that do not contain any separable elements are typically recognized when the products are shipped and title has transferred to the customer.

Certain contractual arrangements require longer production periods, generally longer than six months (long-term contracts), and may contain non-routine installations and special acceptance protocols. These arrangements often include hardware and essential software, installation services, training and support. Long-term contractual arrangements involving essential software typically include significant production, modification and customization. For long-term arrangements with essential software and all other long-term arrangements with complex installations and/or unusual acceptance protocols, revenue is recognized using the percentage-of-completion method, based on the cost incurred to date relative to estimated total cost of the contract. Elements of an arrangement that do not separately fall within the scope of the percentage-of-completion method (e.g., training and post contract software maintenance and support) are recognized as the service is provided in amounts determined based on VSOE, or in the absence of VSOE, our best estimate of the selling price.

Under the terms of our long-term contracts, revenue recognized using the percentage-of-completion method may not, in certain circumstances, be invoiced until completion of contractual milestones, upon shipment of the equipment or upon installation and acceptance by the customer. Unbilled amounts for these contracts are included in unbilled accounts receivable, net in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Revenue from the rental of equipment is recognized in the period that the rental is provided. Revenue from the profit on the sale of used rental equipment is recognized when the products are shipped and title has transferred. Rental revenue is included in product revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Revenue from arrangements for services such as maintenance, repair, consulting and technical support are recognized either as the service is performed or ratably over the defined contractual period for service maintenance contracts. Revenue from post contract software maintenance and support services is recognized ratably over the defined contractual period of the maintenance agreement.

Our sales arrangements typically do not include specific performance, cancellation, termination or refund-type provisions. In the event a customer cancels a contractual arrangement, we would typically be entitled to receive reimbursement from the customer for actual costs incurred under the arrangement plus a reasonable margin.

Revenue is recorded net of taxes collected from customers that are remitted to governmental authorities with the collected taxes recorded as current liabilities until remitted to the relevant government authority.

Shipping and Handling

Freight revenue billed to customers is reported within revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Expenses incurred for shipping products to customers are reported within cost of sales in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Research and Development

Research and development (R&D) costs associated with new products are charged to operations as incurred. We have also allocated certain resources to capitalized software development activities. Total internal software development costs capitalized during fiscal years 2018 and 2017 were $1,803 and $2,046, respectively.

Foreign Currency

The financial position and results of operations of our foreign subsidiaries are measured using local currency as the functional currency. Assets and liabilities are translated using fiscal period-end exchange rates, and monthly statements of income are translated using average exchange rates applicable to each month, with the resulting adjustments recorded in foreign currency translation gain (loss) adjustments in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Net gains and losses from foreign currency transactions are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income. We recorded a net foreign currency transaction gain of $104 in fiscal year 2018 and net foreign currency transaction losses of $2,499 and $1,567 during fiscal years 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents represent cash, demand deposits and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. Cash equivalents are recorded at cost, which approximates fair value. Cash equivalents, both within and outside the U.S., are invested in bank deposits or money market funds and are held in local currency.

Accounts Receivable and Long-term Contracts

We grant credit to customers and generally do not require collateral or other security from domestic customers. When deemed appropriate, receivables from customers located outside the U.S. are supported by letters of credit from financial institutions. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on our assessment of the collectability of specific customer accounts and includes consideration of the credit worthiness and financial condition of those specific customers. We record an allowance to reduce receivables to the amount reasonably believed to be collectible and consider factors such as the financial condition of the customer and the aging of the receivables. If there is a deterioration of a customer's financial condition, if we become aware of additional information related to the credit worthiness of a customer or if future actual default rates on trade receivables differ from those currently anticipated, we may adjust the allowance for doubtful accounts, which would affect earnings in the period the adjustments were made.

We enter into long-term contracts for customized equipment sold to our customers. Under the terms of such contracts, revenue recognized using the percentage-of-completion method may be invoiced upon completion of contractual milestones, shipment to the customer or installation and customer acceptance. Unbilled amounts relating to these contracts are included in unbilled accounts receivable, net in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amounts unbilled as of September 29, 2018 are expected to be invoiced during fiscal year 2019.

Inventories

Inventories consist of material, labor and overhead costs and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value determined under the first-in, first-out accounting method. Certain inventories are measured using the weighted average cost method. Inventories, net are as follows:



	2018		2017
Components, assemblies and parts	$	93,020	$	86,991
Customer projects in various stages of completion	35,675		30,225
Finished goods	10,414		10,512
Total inventories, net	$	139,109	$	127,728

Software Development Costs

We capitalize certain software development costs related to software to be sold or otherwise marketed. Capitalized software development costs include purchased materials and services, salary and benefits of our development and technical support staff and other costs associated with the development of new products and services. Software development costs are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility has been established, at which time future costs incurred are capitalized until the product is available for general release to the public. Based on our product development process, technological feasibility is generally established once product and detailed program designs have been completed, uncertainties related to high-risk development issues have been resolved through coding and testing, and we have the capability to manufacture the end product. Once a software product is available for general release to the public, capitalized development costs associated with that product will begin to be amortized to cost of sales in the Consolidated Statements of Income over the product's estimated economic life, using the greater of straight-line or a method that results in cost recognition in future periods that is consistent with the anticipated timing of product revenue recognition.

Our capitalized software development costs are subject to an ongoing assessment of recoverability, which is impacted by estimates and assumptions of future revenues and expenses for these software products, as well as other factors such as changes in product technologies. Any portion of unamortized capitalized software development costs that is determined to be in excess of net realizable value is expensed in the period such a determination is made. We capitalized $5,167, $2,900 and $3,637 of software development costs during fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Amortization expense for software development costs was $30, $892 and $892 for fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. See Note 2 for additional information on capitalized software development costs.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

We review the carrying value of long-lived assets or asset groups, such as property and equipment and intangible assets subject to amortization, when events or changes in circumstances such as asset utilization, physical change, legal factors or other matters indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. When this review indicates the carrying value of an asset or asset group exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset or asset group, we recognize an asset impairment charge in earnings in the period such a determination is made. The amount of the impairment loss recorded is the amount by which the carrying value of the impaired asset or asset group exceeds its fair value.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are capitalized at cost, including additions, replacements and improvements. Repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is recorded over the following estimated useful lives of the asset:



Asset Type	Useful Life
Buildings and improvements	10 to 40 years
Machinery and equipment	3 to 10 years

Building and equipment additions are generally depreciated on a straight-line basis for financial reporting purposes and on an accelerated basis for income tax purposes. Property and equipment includes assets held under capital leases, consisting of machinery and equipment, which are recorded at the present value of minimum lease payments and amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated life of the asset or the lease term. Amortization of assets held under capital leases is included in depreciation expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. See Note 2 for additional information on property and equipment.

Goodwill and Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of the identifiable net assets of businesses acquired and allocated to our reporting units at the time of acquisition. We test goodwill for impairment annually in the fourth quarter and when an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate the carrying value of the reporting unit may not be recoverable. As of both September 29, 2018 and September 30, 2017, we determined there was no impairment of our goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets.

Evaluating goodwill for impairment involves the determination of the fair value of each reporting unit in which goodwill is recorded using a qualitative or quantitative analysis. A reporting unit is an operating segment or a component of an operating segment for which discrete financial information is available and reviewed by management on a regular basis. For fiscal year 2018, we identified three reporting units: Test, Temposonics and PCB Group, Inc. (PCB).

Prior to completing the quantitative analysis described below, we have the option to perform a qualitative assessment of goodwill for impairment to determine whether it is more likely than not (a likelihood of more than 50%) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill and other intangible assets. If we conclude the fair value is more likely than not less than the carrying value, we perform the quantitative analysis. Otherwise, no further testing is needed.

If the quantitative analysis is required, the impairment test is used to compare the calculated fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. We estimate the fair value of a reporting unit using both the income approach and the market approach. The income approach uses a discounted cash flow model that requires input of certain estimates and assumptions requiring judgment, including projections of revenue, profit margins, operating costs, capital expenditures, changes in working capital, discount rates and perpetual growth rates based on economic conditions, customer demand, changes in competition and new product introductions. The market approach uses a multiple of earnings and revenue based on guidelines for publicly traded companies. Fair value calculations contain significant judgments and estimates. If the fair value exceeds the carrying value, no further work is required and no impairment loss is recognized. If the carrying value exceeds the fair value, an impairment loss shall be recognized in an amount equal to that excess, limited to the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

Fiscal Year 2018

In fiscal year 2018, we performed a qualitative analysis of goodwill for our three reporting units as described above. Based on the analysis, we determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value exceeds the carrying amount for all three reporting units. Therefore, a quantitative analysis was not necessary for any of our reporting units. As of September 29, 2018, our Test, Temposonics and PCB reporting units had goodwill balances of $24,631, $1,466 and $343,178, respectively.

Fiscal Year 2017

In fiscal year 2017, we elected to perform the quantitative analysis of goodwill for our three reporting units as described above as this was the first goodwill assessment following a full fiscal year of operations for PCB. Based on the analysis, we determined that goodwill was not impaired for any of our reporting units. The fiscal year 2017 impairment test indicated the fair value of the Test and Temposonics reporting units significantly exceeded their carrying values. The PCB reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by approximately 11 percent.

While we believe the estimates and assumptions used in determining the fair value of our reporting units in fiscal year 2017 are reasonable, significant changes in estimates of future cash flows, such as those caused by unforeseen events or changes in market conditions, could materially impact the fair value of a reporting unit which could result in the recognition of a goodwill impairment charge and adversely affect financial results.

We performed our annual test of goodwill during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2017, utilizing discount rates of approximately 10 percent based on market, company specific and reporting unit specific data to discount projected future cash flows for each reporting unit and perpetual growth rates of 3 percent based on historical and forecasted reporting unit and industry growth rates.

For the PCB reporting unit, we performed the quantitative analysis on the fair values resulting from the discounted cash flow analysis utilizing alternate assumptions that reflect reasonably possible changes to future assumptions. Based on the analysis, a 50 basis point increase in the discount rate utilized in the discounted cash flow analysis would not have resulted in the PCB reporting unit failing the quantitative analysis of the impairment test. Additionally, a 50 basis point decrease in the estimated perpetual sales growth rates utilized in the discounted cash flow analysis would not have resulted in the PCB reporting unit failing the quantitative analysis of the impairment test.

Changes in our assumptions or estimates could materially affect the estimation of fair value of the PCB reporting unit and, therefore, could reduce the excess of fair value over the carrying value of the PCB reporting unit entirely resulting in goodwill impairment. Events and conditions that could negatively impact the estimated fair value include a sustained decline in our stock price, inability to realize the anticipated sales growth opportunities as a result of the PCB acquisition, unsuccessful integration of PCB, lack of development of new products and a decrease in projected profitability.

Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets

Intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized. These assets are tested annually for impairment and when an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. Fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets is primarily determined using a relief from royalty method if a quantitative analysis is deemed necessary. See Note 2 for additional information on goodwill and intangible assets.

Other Long-term Assets

Other assets primarily consist of the cash value of security deposits paid on leased property, life insurance policies and debt issuance costs.

Warranty Obligations

Sales of our products and systems are subject to limited warranty obligations that are included in customer contracts. For sales that include installation services, warranty obligations generally extend for a period of 12 to 24 months from the date of either shipment or acceptance based on the contract terms. Product obligations generally extend for a period of 12 to 24 months from the date of purchase. Certain products offered in our Sensors segment include a lifetime warranty.

Under the terms of these warranties, we are obligated to repair or replace any components or assemblies deemed defective due to workmanship or materials. We reserve the right to reject warranty claims where it is determined that failure is due to normal wear, customer modifications, improper maintenance or misuse. We record general warranty provisions based on an estimated warranty expense percentage applied to current period revenue. The percentage applied reflects our historical warranty claims experience over the preceding 12-month period. Both the experience percentage and the warranty liability are evaluated on an ongoing basis for adequacy. Warranty provisions are also recognized for certain unanticipated product claims that are individually significant.

Changes to accrued warranty costs are as follows:



	2018			2017
Beginning accrued warranty costs	$	6,018		$	5,718
Warranty claims	(5,443		)	(4,383		)
Warranty provisions	5,109			4,310
Adjustments to preexisting warranties	(260		)	352
Currency translation	(6		)	21
Ending accrued warranty costs	$	5,418		$	6,018

Derivative Financial Instruments

Our results of operations could be materially impacted by changes in foreign currency exchange rates, as well as interest rates on our floating-rate indebtedness. In an effort to manage exposure to these risks, we periodically enter into forward and option currency exchange contracts, interest rate swaps and forward interest rate swaps. Since the market value of these hedging contracts is derived from current market rates, they are classified as derivative financial instruments. We do not use derivatives for speculative or trading purposes. The derivative contracts contain credit risk to the extent that our bank counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of the agreements. The amount of such credit risk is generally limited to the unrealized gains, if any, in such contracts. Such risk is minimized by limiting those counterparties to major financial institutions of high credit quality. For derivative instruments executed under master netting arrangements, we have the contractual right to offset fair value amounts recognized for the right to reclaim cash collateral against obligations to return cash collateral. We do not offset fair value amounts recognized on these derivative instruments. As of both September 29, 2018 and September 30, 2017, we did not have any foreign exchange contracts with credit risk related contingent features. See Note 4 for additional information on derivatives and hedging activities.

Income Taxes

We record a tax provision for the anticipated tax consequences of the reported results of operations. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates that apply to taxable income in effect for the years in which those deferred tax assets and liabilities are expected to be realized or settled. We record a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is believed more likely than not to be realized. We believe it is more likely than not that forecasted income, including income that may be generated as a result of certain tax planning strategies, together with the tax effects of the deferred tax liabilities, will be sufficient to fully recover the remaining net realizable value of our deferred tax assets. In the event that all or part of the net deferred tax assets are determined not to be realizable in the future, an adjustment to the valuation allowance would be charged to earnings in the period such determination is made. In addition, the calculation of tax liabilities involves significant judgment in estimating the impact of uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws. Resolution of these uncertainties in a manner inconsistent with our expectations could have a material impact on our financial condition and operating results. See Note 8 for additional information on income taxes.

Earnings Per Common Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the daily weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period. The 8.75% tangible equity units (TEUs) are assumed to be settled at the minimum settlement amount of 1.9841 shares per TEU when calculating weighted average common shares outstanding for purposes of basic earnings per share.

Using the treasury stock method, diluted earnings per share includes the potentially dilutive effect of common shares issued in connection with outstanding stock-based compensation options and grants. The potentially dilutive effect of common shares issued in connection with outstanding stock options is determined based on the average market price for the period. For diluted earnings per share, the TEUs are assumed to be settled at a conversion factor based on our daily volume-weighted average price per share of our common stock for the 20 consecutive trading days preceding the end of the current fiscal quarter not to exceed 2.3810 shares of common stock per TEU.

Under the treasury stock method, shares associated with certain stock options have been excluded from the diluted weighted average shares outstanding calculation because the exercise of those options would lead to a net reduction in common shares outstanding or anti-dilution. As a result, stock options to acquire 584, 726 and 673 weighted common shares have been excluded from the diluted weighted shares outstanding calculation for fiscal years 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

In connection with the pricing of the TEUs, we purchased capped calls. The capped calls will not be reflected in the calculation of diluted earnings per share until settled as they will lead to a net reduction in common shares outstanding or anti-dilution. See Note 9 for additional information on our equity instruments.

Basic and diluted earnings per share were calculated as follows:



	2018		2017		2016
Net income	$	61,328	$	25,084	$	27,494

Weighted average common shares outstanding	19,163		19,040		16,027
Effect of dilutive securities
Stock-based compensation	130		97		105
Tangible equity units	—		—		47
Weighted average dilutive common shares outstanding	19,293		19,137		16,179

Earnings per share
Basic	$	3.20	$	1.32	$	1.72
Diluted	$	3.18	$	1.31	$	1.70

Stock-based Compensation

We measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for the award of equity instruments based on the fair value of the award at the date of grant. We recognize the cost over the period during which an employee is required to provide services in exchange for the award. Forfeitures of stock-based awards are recognized as they occur.

For purposes of determining estimated fair value of stock-based payment awards, we utilize the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires the input of certain assumptions requiring management judgment. Because our employee stock option awards have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options and because changes in the input assumptions can materially affect fair value estimates, existing models may not provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of employee stock options. We continue to assess the assumptions and methodologies used to calculate estimated fair value of stock-based compensation. Circumstances may change and additional data may become available over time that could result in changes to these assumptions and methodologies and thereby materially impact the fair value determination of future grants of stock-based payment awards. If factors change and we employ different assumptions in future periods, the compensation expense recorded may differ significantly from the stock-based compensation expense recorded in the current period. See Note 6 for additional information on stock-based compensation.

Loss Contingencies

We establish an accrual for loss contingencies when it is both probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. When both of these criteria are not met, we do not establish an accrual. However, when there is at least a reasonable possibility that a loss has been incurred, but it is not probable or reasonably estimable, we disclose the nature of the loss contingency and an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss, as applicable. Any adjustment made to a loss contingency accrual during an accounting period affects the earnings of the period.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, and reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. Additionally, we frequently undertake significant technological innovation on certain of our long-term contracts, involving performance risk that may result in delayed delivery of product and/or revenue and gross profit variation due to changes in the ultimate costs of these contracts versus estimates. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates including those related to receivables, inventory, property and equipment, intangible assets, warranties, accrued expenses, stock-based compensation, income taxes and capitalized software, among others. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Revenue Recognition

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) followed by incorporated related amendments ("the new revenue standard") to provide a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers. Under the new revenue standard, a company recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to a customer in an amount that reflects the consideration a company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Determination of when and how revenue is recognized is based on a five-step analysis. Enhanced disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from a company’s contracts with customers are required. Adoption of the new revenue standard is required for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that annual period, which is our fiscal year 2019. The new guidance may be adopted retrospectively for all periods presented, or adopted using a modified retrospective transition method.

We will adopt the new revenue standard on September 30, 2018 for our fiscal year 2019 under the modified retrospective transition method. We have identified changes to our accounting policies and practices, business processes, systems and controls, as well as designed and substantially performed specific controls over our evaluation of the impact of the new guidance, including the cumulative effect calculation (i.e. transition adjustment) and disclosure requirements. Based on our evaluation of current contracts and revenue streams, the timing of revenue recognition for the majority of our products and contracts remains substantially unchanged, with the exception of certain contracts in our Test segment. Dependent on contract-specific terms that evidence customer control of the work in process or an enforceable right to payment with no alternative use, certain contracts will have a delay in revenue recognition until the customer takes control of the product, while certain contracts will accelerate to recognize revenue over the life of the contract. Under the new revenue standard, certain costs to obtain contracts (i.e. pre-contract costs) will be capitalized at contract inception and recognized as revenue is earned.

As of September 30, 2018, we expect to record a cumulative-effect reduction to the opening balance of our fiscal year 2019 retained earnings of approximately $7,000, net of tax, for the deferral of previously recognized revenue and related cost of sales related to these specific contracts, partially offset by the capitalization and deferral of pre-contract costs. While we do not expect the adoption of the new revenue standard to have a significant impact on annual revenue recognized, our financial condition or results of operations, we do expect that it will have an impact on the timing of revenue recognition in interim periods. Expanded disclosures will be provided beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2019.

Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset, representing the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term, and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms greater than 12 months. Lessees can forgo recognizing a right-of-use asset and lease liability with lease terms of 12 months or less on the balance sheet through accounting policy elections as long as the lease does not include options to renew or purchase the underlying assets that are reasonably certain to be exercised. The new guidance also requires certain qualitative and quantitative disclosures designed to assess the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases, along with additional key information about leasing arrangements.

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases, to clarify certain aspects of the new lease standard. The FASB also issued ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements, which allows the election of an optional transition method to apply the provisions of the new lease standard as of the date of adoption and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings in the period of adoption, while continuing to present all prior periods under previous lease accounting guidance.

The aforementioned lease standards and amendments are required to be adopted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that annual period, which is our fiscal year 2020. The new standards and amendments are to be applied using a modified retrospective approach, which includes a number of optional practical expedients and an optional transition method. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact the adoption of this guidance will have on our financial condition, results of operations and disclosures.

Other

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-04, Liabilities–Extinguishments of Liabilities (Subtopic 405-20): Recognition of Breakage for Certain Prepaid Stored-Value Products, which amends existing guidance on extinguishing financial liabilities for certain prepaid stored-value products. The new standard requires recognition of the expected breakage amount or the value that is ultimately not redeemed either proportionally in earnings as redemption occurs or when redemption is remote, if issuers are not entitled to breakage. The standard is required to be adopted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that annual period, which is our fiscal year 2019. The amendment is to be applied either using a modified retrospective approach by recognizing a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the year or retrospectively to each period presented. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations or disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments–Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which changes the accounting for credit losses on instruments measured at amortized cost by adding an impairment model that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. An entity will recognize as an allowance its estimate of expected credit losses, which is believed to result in more timely recognition of such losses as the standard eliminates the probable initial recognition threshold. The standard is required to be adopted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within that annual period, which is our fiscal year 2021. The amendment is to be applied using a modified retrospective approach as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which adopted. Early adoption is permitted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that annual period, which is our fiscal year 2020. We have not yet evaluated the impact the adoption of this guidance may have on our financial condition, results of operations or disclosures.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory, which requires companies to account for the income tax effects of intercompany sales and transfers of assets other than inventory when the transfer occurs. Current guidance requires companies to defer the income tax effects of intercompany transfers of assets until the asset has been sold to an outside party or otherwise recognized. The standard is required to be adopted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that annual period, which is our fiscal year 2019. The amendment is to be applied using a modified retrospective approach. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual period. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations or disclosures.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, Compensation–Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost, which changes how employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement benefit plans present the net periodic benefit cost in the income statement. The new guidance requires the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost to be presented in the same income statement line items as other employee compensation costs arising from services rendered during the period with only the service cost component eligible for capitalization in assets. Other components of the net periodic benefit cost are to be stated separately from the line items that include the service cost and outside of operating income. These components are not eligible for capitalization in assets. The standard is required to be adopted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that annual period, which is our fiscal year 2019. The amendment is to be applied retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual period. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations or disclosures.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which amends the hedge accounting model in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 815 to enable entities to better portray the economics of their risk management activities in the financial statements and enhance the transparency and understandability of hedge results. The standard is required to be adopted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that annual period, which is our fiscal year 2020. The amendment is to be applied using a modified retrospective approach, with early adoption permitted. We have not yet evaluated the impact the adoption of this guidance may have on our financial condition, results of operations or disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurements (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework–Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which eliminates, amends and adds disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The standard is required to be adopted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within that annual period, which is our fiscal year 2021. Certain disclosures in the amendment are to be applied using a retrospective approach while other disclosures are to be applied using a prospective approach. Early adoption is permitted. We have not yet evaluated the impact the adoption of this guidance may have on our financial condition, results of operations or disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, Compensation–Retirement Benefits–Defined Benefit Plans–General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework–Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans, which eliminates, amends and adds disclosure requirements for defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans. The standard is required to be adopted for annual periods ending after December 15, 2020, which is our fiscal year 2021. The amendment is to be applied using a retrospective approach with early adoption permitted. We have not yet evaluated the impact the adoption of this guidance may have on our financial condition, results of operations or disclosures.

Adopted

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory, which modifies existing requirements regarding measuring inventory at the lower of cost or market. Under current inventory standards, the market value requires consideration of replacement cost, net realizable value and net realizable value less an approximately normal profit margin. The new guidance replaces market with net realizable value defined as estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. This eliminates the need to determine and consider replacement cost or net realizable value less an approximately normal profit margin when measuring inventory. We adopted the new standard on a prospective basis for the annual period ended September 29, 2018, including interim periods within that annual period. The adoption of this guidance had no impact on our financial condition, results of operations or disclosures.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation–Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which is intended to simplify certain aspects of accounting for share-based compensation arrangements, including modifications to the accounting for income taxes upon vesting or settlement of awards, employer tax withholding on share-based compensation, classification on the statement of cash flows and forfeitures. We adopted the new standard for the annual period ended September 29, 2018, including interim periods within that annual period. Certain aspects of the amendment were applied using a retrospective transition method, while others were applied prospectively. The adoption of this standard resulted in an increase in cash flows from operating activities and a decrease of cash flows from financing activities of $208 for fiscal year 2017 and $187 for fiscal year 2016 for the reclassification from financing activities to operating activities of excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation. Additionally, we elected to modify our accounting policy for forfeitures on stock-based awards to record forfeitures when the forfeiture occurs instead of recording stock-based compensation expense based on an estimation of stock awards that will ultimately vest, resulting in an increase of $33 to fiscal year 2018 beginning retained earnings with an offsetting decrease in additional paid-in capital. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or disclosures for fiscal year 2018.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which provides guidance on the classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments with the objective of reducing diversity in practice. We early adopted the new standard on a retrospective basis for the annual period ended September 29, 2018, including interim periods within that annual period. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our current or prior year financial condition, results of operations or disclosures.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business, which changes the definition of a business to assist entities with evaluating when a set of transferred assets and activities is a business. The new guidance clarifies that a business must also include at least one substantive process and narrows the definition of outputs by more closely aligning it with how outputs are described in ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. We early adopted the new standard on a prospective basis for the annual period ended September 29, 2018, including interim periods within that annual period. The adoption of this guidance had no impact on our financial condition, results of operations or disclosures as the standard only applies to transactions occurring subsequent to adoption.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation–Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting, which clarifies when changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award must be accounted for as modifications. Modification guidance must be applied if the fair value, vesting conditions or classification of the awards changes. We early adopted the new standard on a prospective basis beginning in the interim period commencing July 1, 2018 of the annual period ended September 29, 2018. The adoption of this guidance had no impact on our financial condition, results of operations or disclosures as the standard only applies to transactions occurring subsequent to adoption, and we had no modifications to our stock-based compensation awards in fiscal year 2018.

In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement–Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which provides an option to reclassify stranded tax effects within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI) to retained earnings due to the lower U.S. corporate tax rate in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Tax Act). We early adopted the new standard as of September 29, 2018. The adoption of this guidance resulted in the reclassification of $640 accumulated other comprehensive income into retained earnings. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations or disclosures.

In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-05, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (SAB 118), which incorporates various SEC paragraphs from SAB 118 into income tax accounting guidance effective immediately. The SEC issued the interpretive guidance in SAB 118 on December 22, 2017 concurrent with the enactment of the Tax Act to clarify accounting and disclosure requirements. Pursuant to SAB 118, we recognized the estimated income tax effects of the Tax Act in our consolidated financial statements for all interim periods in our fiscal year ended September 29, 2018. We adopted the new standard in the interim period ended March 31, 2018. See Note 8 for disclosure of the impact the adoption of this guidance on our financial condition and results of operations for fiscal year 2018.