Reorganization of Businesses

The Company maintains a formal Involuntary Severance Plan (the “Severance Plan”), which permits the Company to offer eligible employees severance benefits based on years of service and employment grade level in the event that employment is involuntarily terminated as a result of a reduction-in-force or restructuring. The Severance Plan includes defined formulas to calculate employees’ termination benefits. In addition to the Involuntary Severance Plan, during the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company accepted voluntary applications to its Severance Plan from a defined subset of employees within the United States. Voluntary applicants received termination benefits based on the formulas defined in the Severance Plan; however, termination benefits, which are normally capped at six months of salary, were capped at a full year’s salary.

The Company recognizes termination benefits based on formulas per the Severance Plan at the point in time that future settlement is probable and can be reasonably estimated based on estimates prepared at the time a restructuring plan is approved by management. Exit costs consist of future minimum lease payments on vacated facilities and other contractual terminations. At each reporting date, the Company evaluates its accruals for employee separation and exit costs to ensure the accruals are still appropriate. In certain circumstances, accruals are no longer needed because of efficiencies in carrying out the plans or because employees previously identified for separation resigned from the Company and did not receive severance, or were redeployed due to circumstances not foreseen when the original plans were approved. In these cases, the Company reverses accruals through the consolidated statements of operations where the original charges were recorded when it is determined they are no longer needed.

During 2014, 2013, and 2012 the Company continued to implement various productivity improvement plans aimed at achieving long-term, sustainable profitability by driving efficiencies and reducing operating costs. Both of the Company’s segments were impacted by these plans. The employees affected were located in all geographic regions.

2014 Charges

During 2014, the Company recorded net reorganization of business charges of $73 million, including $9 million of charges in Costs of sales and $64 million of charges in Other charges in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Included in the aggregate $73 million are charges of $67 million for employee separation costs and, $7 million for exit costs, partially offset by $1 million of reversals for accruals no longer needed.

The following table displays the net charges incurred by segment:



Year ended December 31	2014
Products	$	48
Services	25
	$	73

The following table displays a rollforward of the reorganization of businesses accruals established for exit costs and employee separation costs, including those related to discontinued operations which were maintained by the Company after the sale of the Enterprise business, from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014:



	Accruals at January 1		Additional Charges		Adjustments			Amount Used			Accruals at December 31
Exit costs	$	6	$	7	$	—		$	(13	)	$	—
Employee separation costs	103		93		(4		)	(135		)	57
	$	109	$	100	$	(4	)	$	(148	)	$	57

Exit Costs

At January 1, 2014, the Company had an accrual of $6 million for exit costs attributable to lease terminations. There were $7 million of additional charges in 2014. The $13 million used in 2014 reflects cash payments. There is no remaining accrual as of December 31, 2014.

Employee Separation Costs

At January 1, 2014, the Company had an accrual of $103 million for employee separation costs. The 2014 additional charges of $93 million represent severance costs for approximately an additional 1,200 employees, of which 300 were direct employees and 900 were indirect employees. The adjustments of $4 million reflect reversals of accruals no longer needed. The $135 million used in 2014 reflects cash payments to separated employees, including $50 million related to employees of the Enterprise business and included in cash flow from discontinued operations. The remaining accrual of $57 million, which is included in Accrued liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2014, is expected to be paid, generally, within one year to: (i) severed employees who have already begun to receive payments and (ii) approximately 500 employees to be separated in 2015.

2013 Charges

During 2013, the Company recorded net reorganization of business charges of $86 million, including $16 million of charges in Costs of sales and $70 million of charges under Other charges in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Included in the aggregate $86 million are charges of (i) $94 million for employee separation costs, and (ii) $2 million of charges for exit costs, partially offset by $10 million of reversals for accruals no longer needed.

The following table displays the net charges incurred by segment:



Year ended December 31	2013
Products	$	57
Services	29
	$	86



	Accruals at January 1		Additional Charges		Adjustments			Amount Used			Accruals at December 31
Exit costs	$	4	$	3	$	—		$	(1	)	$	6
Employee separation costs	31		146		(16		)	(58		)	103
	$	35	$	149	$	(16	)	$	(59	)	$	109

Exit Costs

At January 1, 2013, the Company had an accrual of $4 million for exit costs attributable to lease terminations. There were $3 million of additional charges in 2013. The $1 million used in 2013 reflects cash payments. The remaining accrual of $6 million, which is included in Accrued liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2013, represents future cash payments, primarily for lease termination obligations.

Employee Separation Costs

At January 1, 2013, the Company had an accrual of $31 million for employee separation costs, representing the severance costs for approximately 400 employees. The additional 2013 charges of $146 million represent severance costs for approximately an additional 2,200 employees, of which 800 were direct employees and 1,400 were indirect employees. The adjustments of $16 million reflect accruals no longer needed. The $58 million used in 2013 reflects cash payments to these separated employees, including $20 million related to employees of the Enterprise business and included in cash flow from discontinued operations. The remaining accrual of $103 million was included in Accrued liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2013.

2012 Charges

The Company recorded net reorganization of business charges of $33 million, including $6 million of charges in Costs of sales and $27 million of charges in Other charges in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Included in the aggregate $33 million are charges of $35 million for employee separation costs and $5 million for building impairment charges, partially offset by $7 million of reversals for accruals no longer needed.

The following table displays the net charges incurred by segment:



Year ended December 31	2012
Products	$	22
Services	11
	$	33



	Accruals at January 1		Additional Charges		Adjustments			Amount Used			Accruals at December 31
Exit costs	$	14	$	—	$	1		$	(11	)	$	4
Employee separation costs	30		54		(9		)	(44		)	31
	$	44	$	54	$	(8	)	$	(55	)	$	35

Exit Costs

At January 1, 2012, the Company had an accrual of $14 million for exit costs attributable to lease terminations. The adjustment of $1 million reflects an adjustment for additional accruals needed. The $11 million used in 2012 reflects cash payments. The remaining accrual of $4 million, which was included in Accrued liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2012, represented future cash payments, primarily for lease termination obligations.

Employee Separation Costs

At January 1, 2012, the Company had an accrual of $30 million for employee separation costs, representing the severance costs for approximately 700 employees. The additional 2012 charges of $54 million were severance costs for approximately an additional 1,000 employees, of which 300 were direct employees and 700 were indirect employees. The adjustments of $9 million reflect accruals no longer required. The $44 million used in 2012 reflects cash payments to these separated employees, including $20 million related to employees of the Enterprise business and included in cash flow from discontinued operations. The remaining accrual of $31 million was included in Accrued liabilities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2012.