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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Jun. 04, 2013
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
1.  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Description of Business and Principles of Consolidation
Ruby Tuesday, Inc. including its wholly-owned subsidiaries ("RTI," the "Company," "we" and/or "our") develops, operates and franchises casual dining restaurants in the United States, Guam, and 11 foreign countries under the Ruby Tuesday® brand.  We also own and operate 18 Lime Fresh Mexican Grill® ("Lime Fresh") fast casual restaurants.  At June 4, 2013, we owned and operated 706 Ruby Tuesday restaurants concentrated primarily in the Southeast, Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, and Midwest of the United States, which we consider to be our core markets.  As of our fiscal year end, there were 77 domestic and international franchise Ruby Tuesday restaurants located in 14 states primarily outside of our existing core markets (primarily the Western United States and portions of the Midwest) and in the Asia Pacific Region, Middle East, Guam, Canada, Iceland, Eastern Europe, the United Kingdom, and Central and South America.  Also at fiscal year end, there were five domestic franchise Lime Fresh restaurants located in Florida and one international franchise Lime Fresh restaurant in Chile.

RTI consolidates its wholly-owned subsidiaries.  All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Equity Method Accounting
"Franchise partnerships" as used throughout the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements refer to our previous domestic franchisees in which we owned 1% or 50% of the equity of each such franchisee.  As further discussed in Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, we acquired 11 of our franchise partnerships during fiscal 2011 and the two remaining franchise partnerships have ceased operations.  We applied the equity method of accounting to our 50%-owned franchise partnerships through the dates of acquisition.  Accordingly, we recognized our pro rata share of the earnings or losses of the franchise partnerships in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss)/Income when reported by those franchisees.  The cost method of accounting was applied to all 1%-owned franchise partnerships.

A further description of our franchise programs is provided in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Fiscal Year
Our fiscal year ends on the first Tuesday following May 30 and, as a result, a 53rd week is added every five or six years.  The fiscal years ended June 4, 2013 and May 31, 2011 each contained 52 weeks.  Fiscal 2012 contained 53 weeks.  The first three quarters of fiscal 2012 each contained 13 weeks and the fourth quarter contained 14 weeks.  In fiscal 2012, the 53rd week added $22.9 million to restaurant sales and operating revenue and $0.03 to diluted earnings per share in our Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss)/Income.

Revenue Recognition
Revenue from restaurant sales is recognized when food and beverage products are sold.  We present sales net of sales tax and other sales-related taxes.  Deferred revenue-gift cards primarily represents our liability for gift cards that have been sold, but not yet redeemed, and is recorded at the expected redemption value.  When the gift cards are redeemed, we recognize restaurant sales and reduce the deferred revenue.

Using gift card redemption history, we have determined that substantially all of our guests utilize their gift cards within two years from the date of purchase.  Accordingly, we recognize gift card breakage for non-escheatable amounts beginning 24 months after the date of activation.

We recognized gift card breakage income of $1.9 million, $1.8 million, and $1.5 million during fiscal 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively.  This income is included as an offset to Other Restaurant Operating Costs in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss)/Income.
 
Franchise development and license fees received are recognized when we have substantially performed all material services and the restaurant has opened for business.  Franchise royalties (generally 4% to 5.25% of monthly sales) are recognized as franchise revenue on the accrual basis.  Advertising amounts received from domestic franchisees are considered by us to be reimbursements, recorded on an accrual basis when earned, and have been netted against selling, general, and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss)/Income.

We charge our franchisees various monthly fees that are calculated as a percentage of the respective franchise's monthly sales.  Our Ruby Tuesday concept franchise agreements allow us to charge up to a 4.0% royalty fee, a 1.5% support service fee, a 1.5% marketing and purchasing fee, and an advertising fee of up to 3.0%.  We defer recognition of franchise fee revenue for any franchise with negative cash flows at times when the negative cash flows are deemed to be anything other than temporary and the franchise has either borrowed directly from us or, historically, in regards to the franchise partnerships, through a facility for which we provided a guarantee.

We also do not recognize franchise fee revenue from franchises with fees in excess of 60 days past due.  Accordingly, we have deferred recognition of a portion of franchise revenue from certain franchises.  Unearned income for franchise fees was $0.2 million and negligible as of June 4, 2013 and June 5, 2012, respectively, which is included in Accrued liabilities – Rent and other in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Pre-Opening Expenses
Salaries, personnel training costs, pre-opening rent, and other expenses of opening new facilities are charged to expense as incurred.

Share-Based Employee Compensation Plans
We recognize share-based payment transactions, including grants of employee stock options and restricted stock, as compensation expense based on the fair value of the equity award on the grant date.  This compensation expense is recognized over the service period on a straight-line basis for all awards except those awarded to retirement-eligible individuals, which are recognized on the grant date at their estimated fair value.  We classify share-based compensation expense consistent with the other compensation expense for the recipient in Selling, general, and administrative, net in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss)/Income.  See Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion regarding our share-based employee compensation plans.

Marketing Costs
Except for television and radio advertising production costs which we expense when the advertisement is first shown, we expense marketing costs as incurred.  Marketing expenses, net of franchise reimbursements, which are included in Selling, general, and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss)/Income, totaled $71.4 million, $47.2 million, and $27.4 million for fiscal 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively.

Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets
We review our long-lived assets related to each restaurant to be held and used in the business, including any allocated intangible assets subject to amortization whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a restaurant may not be recoverable. We evaluate restaurants based upon cash flows as our primary indicator of impairment. Based on the best information available, we write down an impaired restaurant to its fair value based upon estimated future discounted cash flows and salvage value, if any. In addition, when we decide to close a restaurant it is reviewed for impairment and depreciable lives are adjusted. The impairment evaluation is based on the estimated cash flows from continuing use through the expected disposal date and the expected terminal value.

See Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion regarding our closures and impairments, including the impairments of goodwill and other long-lived assets.

Income Taxes
Our deferred income taxes are determined utilizing the asset and liability approach. This method gives consideration to the future tax consequences associated with differences between financial accounting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.  If, after consideration of all available positive and negative evidence, current available
information raises doubt as to the realization of the deferred tax assets, the need for a valuation allowance is addressed.  A valuation allowance for deferred tax assets may be required if the amount of taxes recoverable through loss carry-back declines, if we project lower levels of future taxable income, or if we have recently experienced pretax losses.  Such a valuation allowance would be established through a charge to income tax expense which would adversely affect our reported operating results.  The judgments and estimates utilized when establishing a deferred tax asset valuation allowance are reviewed on a periodic basis as regulatory and business factors change.

The effect on the deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.  We recognize interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits as components of our income tax expense.

We recognize in our consolidated financial statements the benefit of a position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return when it is more likely than not (i.e. a likelihood of more than 50%) that the position would be sustained upon examination by tax authorities.  A recognized tax position is then measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement.  Changes in judgment that result in subsequent recognition, derecognition or change in a measurement date of a tax position taken in a prior annual period (including any related interest and penalties) are recognized as a discrete item in the interim period in which the change occurs.

See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion of our income taxes.

(Loss)/Earnings Per Share
Basic (loss)/earnings per share is computed by dividing net (loss)/income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period presented.  Diluted (loss)/earnings per share gives effect to stock options and restricted stock outstanding during the applicable periods.  The following table reflects the calculation of weighted-average common and dilutive potential common shares outstanding as presented in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss)/Income (in thousands, except per-share data):

   
2013
 
2012
 
2011
(Loss)/income from continuing operations
$
 (23,434)
$
  3,526
$
49,555
Loss from discontinued operations
 
 (15,979)
 
  (3,714)
 
  (2,677)
  Net (loss)/income
$
 (39,413)
$
     (188)
$
46,878
 
           
  Weighted-average common shares outstanding
 
61,040
 
62,916
 
64,029
  Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock
 
         –
 
      592
 
     919
  Weighted average common and dilutive potential
           
    common shares outstanding
 
61,040
 
63,508
 
64,948
             
(Loss)/earnings per share – Basic
           
  (Loss)/income from continuing operations
$
     (0.38)
$
     0.06
$
     0.77
  Loss from discontinued operations
 
     (0.27)
 
     (0.06)
 
     (0.04)
  Net (loss)/earnings per share
$
     (0.65)
$
     (0.00)
$
     0.73
             
(Loss)/earnings per share – Diluted
           
  (Loss)/income from continuing operations
$
     (0.38)
$
     0.06
$
     0.76
  Loss from discontinued operations
 
     (0.27)
 
     (0.06)
 
     (0.04)
  Net (loss)/earnings per share
$
     (0.65)
$
     (0.00)
$
     0.72

Stock options with an exercise price greater than the average market price of our common stock and certain options with unrecognized compensation expense do not impact the computation of diluted (loss)/earnings per share because the effect would be anti-dilutive.  The following table summarizes stock options and restricted shares that did not impact the computation of diluted (loss)/earnings per share because their inclusion would have had an anti-dilutive effect (in thousands):
 
   
2013
 
2012
 
2011
  Stock options
 
    2,161*
 
    2,229
 
  2,517
  Restricted shares
 
    1,492*
 
       819
 
     421
  Total
 
    3,653*
 
    3,048
 
  2,938
*Due to a loss from continuing operations for the year ended June 4, 2013, all then outstanding share-based awards were excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share.

Comprehensive (Loss)/ Income
Comprehensive (loss)/income includes net income adjusted for certain revenue, expenses, gains and losses that are excluded from net income in accordance with U.S. GAAP, such as pension adjustments.  Comprehensive (loss)/income is shown as a separate component in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss)/Income.

Cash and Cash Equivalents
Our cash management program provides for the investment of excess cash balances in short-term money market instruments.  These money market instruments are stated at cost, which approximates market value.  We consider amounts receivable from credit card companies and marketable securities with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.

Inventories
Inventories consist of food, supplies, china and silver and are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or market.

Property and Equipment and Depreciation
Property and equipment is valued at cost.  Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets.  Estimated useful lives of depreciable assets generally range from three to 35 years for buildings and improvements and from three to 15 years for restaurant and other equipment.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill represents the excess of costs over the fair market value of assets of businesses acquired.  During fiscal 2013, 2012, and 2011, we recorded $1.0 million, $9.3 million, and $15.6 million, respectively, of goodwill associated with certain acquisitions as further discussed in Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

As discussed further in Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, we determined during fiscal 2013 that our Lime Fresh concept, and during fiscal 2012 that our Ruby Tuesday concept, goodwill was impaired.  Accordingly, we recorded charges of $9.0 million ($5.4 million, net of tax) in fiscal 2013 and $16.9 million ($12.0 million, net of tax) in fiscal 2012.  We perform tests for impairment annually, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate it might be impaired.  Impairment tests for goodwill include comparing the fair value of the respective reporting unit with its carrying value, including goodwill.  We use a variety of methodologies in conducting these impairment assessments, including cash flow analyses that are consistent with the assumptions we believe hypothetical marketplace participants would use, estimates of sales proceeds and other measures, such as fair market price of our common stock, as evidenced by closing trading price.  Where applicable, we use an appropriate discount rate that is commensurate with the risk inherent in the projected cash flows.

 
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill are as follows (in thousands):

Balance at May 31, 2011
 $15,571 
Adjustments to fiscal year 2011
    
   purchase price allocations
  1,348 
Acquisition
  7,989 
Impairment
  (16,919)
Balance at June 5, 2012
 $7,989 
Adjustments to fiscal year 2012
    
   purchase price allocation
  1,033 
Impairment
  (9,022)
Balance at June 4, 2013
 $ 
 
Other intangible assets consist of reacquired franchise rights, favorable lease valuations, and trademarks.  The reacquired franchise rights were acquired as part of certain franchise acquisitions.  The favorable lease valuations resulted from the terms of acquired franchise operating lease contracts being favorable relative to market terms of comparable leases on the acquisition date.  See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on the purchase price allocation applied to the Lime Fresh acquisition in fiscal 2012 and the Ruby Tuesday franchise partnership acquisitions in fiscal 2011.

Amortization expense of other intangible assets for fiscal 2013, 2012, and 2011 totaled $3.3 million, $2.3 million, and $1.5 million, respectively.  We amortize acquired and reacquired franchise rights on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the franchise operating agreements.  The weighted average amortization period of acquired and reacquired franchise rights is 7.3 and 8.4 years, respectively.  We amortize favorable lease valuations as a component of rent expense on a straight-line basis over the remaining lives of the leases.  The weighted average amortization period of the favorable lease valuations is 25.8 years.  We amortize trademarks on a straight-line basis over the life of the trademarks, typically 10 years.  Amortization expense for intangible assets for each of the next five years is expected to be $2.6 million in fiscal 2014, $2.4 million in fiscal 2015, $2.1 million in fiscal 2016, $1.7 million in fiscal 2017, and $1.4 million in fiscal 2018.  Rent expense resulting from amortization of favorable lease valuations, net of rent income resulting from amortization of unfavorable lease valuations, is expected to be insignificant for each of the next five years.

Other intangible assets which are included in Other assets, net in the Consolidated Balance Sheets consist of the following (in thousands):

 
2013
 
2012
 
 
Gross Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Gross Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
                 
Reacquired franchise rights
$ 14,723
 
$ 6,847
 
$ 14,825
 
$ 4,961
 
Trademarks
6,025
 
854
 
11,961
 
847
 
Acquired franchise agreements
1,500
 
248
 
2,460
 
39
 
Favorable lease valuations *
2,205
 
255
 
2,205
 
168
 
Other
100
 
22
 
150
 
4
 
 
$ 24,553
 
$8,226
 
$ 31,601
 
$ 6,019
 

* As of June 4, 2013 and June 5, 2012, we also had $1.0 million and $1.3 million, respectively, of unfavorable lease valuation liabilities which resulted from the terms of acquired franchise operating lease contracts being unfavorable relative to market terms of comparable leases on the acquisition date.  In addition, as of June 4, 2013 and June 5, 2012, we had a liability for both periods of $0.2 million which resulted from the terms of a Lime Fresh license agreement being unfavorable relative to market terms of a comparable license agreement.  The majority of these liabilities are included within Other deferred liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.  See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on the favorable and unfavorable lease valuations from our acquisition of Lime Fresh in fiscal 2012 and acquisitions of Ruby Tuesday franchise partnerships during fiscal 2011.

Deferred Escalating Minimum Rent
Certain of our operating leases contain predetermined fixed escalations of the minimum rentals during the term of the lease, which includes option periods where failure to exercise such options would result in an economic penalty.  For these leases, we recognize the related rental expense on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease, beginning with the point at which we obtain control and possession of the leased properties, and record the difference between the amounts charged to operations and amounts paid as deferred escalating minimum rent.  Any lease incentives received are deferred and subsequently amortized on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease as a reduction to rent expense.

Pensions and Post-Retirement Medical Benefits
We measure and recognize the funded status of our defined benefit and postretirement plans in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as of our fiscal year end.  The funded status represents the difference between the projected benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets.  The projected benefit obligation is the present value of benefits earned to date by plan participants, including the effect of future salary increases, as applicable.  The difference between the projected benefit obligation and the fair value of assets that has not previously been recognized as expense is recorded as a component of other comprehensive (loss)/income.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.  The fair values are assigned a level within the fair value hierarchy to prioritize the inputs used to measure the fair value of assets or liabilities.  These levels are:

·  
Level 1 – Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
 
·  
Level 2 – Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable either directly or indirectly; and
 
·  
Level 3 – Unobservable inputs which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion of our financial instruments.

Segment Reporting
Operating segments are components of an entity that engage in business activities with discrete financial information available that is regularly reviewed by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM") in order to assess performance and allocate resources.  Our CODM is the Company's President and Chief Executive Officer.  As discussed further in Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2013, we determined our Ruby Tuesday concept and Lime Fresh concept are reportable operating segments.

Immaterial Reclassifications and Corrections of Prior Period Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss)/Income
As shown in the tables below, certain balances in the prior fiscal years have been reclassified to conform to the presentation in the current fiscal year.  As discussed further in Notes 3 and 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, on January 9, 2013 we closed all of our Marlin & Ray's and Wok Hay restaurants.  On April 7, 2013, we closed our two Truffles restaurants.  Consequently, we have classified the results of operations for those concepts as discontinued operations for all periods presented.

Further, we made the following other reclassifications and/or corrections to our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss)/Income for the fiscal years ended June 5, 2012 and May 31, 2011 (in thousands):
 
·  
reclassified certain non-restaurant related sales from Restaurant sales and operating revenue to Selling, general, and administrative, net;
 
·  
reclassified and/or corrected certain employee fringe benefit and payroll tax expenses for corporate employees and field executives from Payroll and related costs, which is intended to capture payroll and related expenses for restaurant level employees, to Selling, general and administrative, net.  Salaries and wages for these employees were already captured within the Selling, general and administrative, net caption;
 
·  
reclassified certain expenses not directly related to restaurant operations from Other restaurant operating costs to Selling, general and administrative, net; and
 
·  
corrected amortization expense of debt issuance costs and fees relating to our revolving credit facility from Other restaurant operating costs to Interest expense, net.
 
 
As presented -
Fiscal year ended
June 5, 2012
Reclassifications for Discontinued
Operations
Other
Reclassifications and Corrections
As adjusted -
Fiscal year ended
June 5, 2012
Restaurant sales and operating revenue
$ 1,320,098
$       (14,015)
$      (58)
$ 1,306,025
Cost of merchandise
      380,520
           (4,947)
         –
      375,573
Payroll and related costs
      455,087
           (6,642)
  (7,692)
      440,753
Other restaurant operating costs
      270,132
           (4,074)
  (3,485)
      262,573
Depreciation
        65,297
            (1,153)
          –
        64,144
Selling, general and administrative, net
      114,534
            (1,597)
   7,427
      120,364
Closures and impairments, net
        18,665
            (1,914)
          –
        16,751
Interest expense, net
        19,620
                   –
   3,692
        23,312
Loss from continuing operations
       
   before income taxes
        (14,938)
            6,312
           –
          (8,626)
Benefit for income taxes from
       
   continuing operations
        (14,750)
           2,598
           –
        (12,152)
Loss from discontinued operations, net
       
   of tax
                 –
          (3,714)
           –
          (3,714)
Net loss
             (188)
                 –
           –
             (188)
 
 
As presented -
Fiscal year ended
May 31, 2011
 
Reclassifications for Discontinued
Operations
 
Other
Reclassifications and Corrections
 
As adjusted -
Fiscal year ended
May 31, 2011
Restaurant sales and operating revenue
$ 1,258,015
$       (3,989)
$          –
$ 1,254,026
Cost of merchandise
      365,653
         (1,373)
            –
                        364,280
Payroll and related costs
      422,230
         (2,146)
    (7,030)
       413,054
Other restaurant operating costs
      256,632
         (1,588)
    (1,268)
                        253,776
Depreciation
        62,878
            (281)
            –
         62,597
Selling, general and administrative, net
        85,971
         (1,023)
     7,143
         92,091
Closures and impairments, net
          6,249
                       (2,074)
            –
           4,175
Interest expense, net
        12,353
                 –
    1,155
                          13,508
Income from continuing operations
       
   before income taxes
        52,622
          4,496
           –
         57,118
Provision for income taxes
          5,744
          1,819
           –
           7,563
Loss from discontinued operations, net
       
   of tax
                –
          (2,677)
           –
          (2,677)
Net income
       46,878
               –
           –
        46,878

We made these reclassifications required by GAAP for discontinued operations in addition to the other reclassifications and corrections as we believe that reporting these amounts as shown above will more accurately reflect the nature of the expenses in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss)/Income and are necessary to conform to the current period presentation and GAAP.  We have determined the reclassifications and corrections made to the prior period Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss)/Income in previous filings to be immaterial.