Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Oct. 02, 2021

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Moog Inc. and all of our U.S. and foreign subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Fiscal Year: Our fiscal year ends on the Saturday that is closest to September 30. The consolidated financial statements include 52 weeks for the year ended October 2, 2021, 53 weeks for the year ended October 3, 2020 and 52 weeks for the year ended September 28, 2019.

Operating Cycle: Consistent with industry practice, aerospace and defense related inventories, unbilled recoverable costs and profits on over-time contract receivables, customer advances, warranties and contract reserves include amounts relating to contracts having long production and procurement cycles, portions of which are not expected to be realized or settled within one year.

Foreign Currency Translation: Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries that prepare financial statements in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are translated using rates of exchange as of the balance sheet date and the statements of earnings are translated at the average rates of exchange for each reporting period.

Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions.

Revenue Recognition: We recognize revenue from contracts with customers using an over-time, cost-to-cost method of accounting or at the point in time that control transfers to the customer. For additional discussion on revenue recognition, see Note 2, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

Shipping and Handling Costs: Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of sales.

Research and Development: Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and include salaries, benefits, consulting, material costs and depreciation.

Bid and Proposal Costs: Bid and proposal costs are expensed as incurred and classified as selling, general and administrative expenses.

Equity-Based Compensation: Our equity-based compensation plans allow for various types of equity-based incentive awards. The types and mix of these incentive awards are evaluated on an on-going basis and may vary based on our overall strategy regarding compensation. Equity-based compensation expense is based on awards that are ultimately expected to vest over the requisite service periods and are based on the fair value of the award measured on the grant date. Vesting requirements vary for directors, officers and key employees. In general, awards granted to officers and key employees principally vest over three years, in equal annual installments for time-based awards and in three years cliff vest for performance-based awards. We have elected to account for forfeitures when the forfeiture of the underlying awards occur. Equity-based compensation expense is included in selling, general and administrative expenses.

Cash and Cash Equivalents: All highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less are considered cash equivalents.

Restricted Cash: Restricted cash principally represents funds held to satisfy supplemental retirement obligations.

Allowance for Credit Losses: The allowance for credit losses is based on our assessment of the collectibility of customer accounts. The allowance is determined by considering factors such as historical experience, credit quality, age of the accounts receivable, current economic conditions and reasonable forecasted financial information that may affect a customer’s ability to pay.

Inventories: Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value with cost determined primarily on the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method of valuation.

Property, Plant and Equipment: Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Plant and equipment are depreciated principally using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally ranging from 15 to 40 years for buildings and improvements, 5 to 15 years for machinery and equipment and 3 to 10 years for computer equipment and software. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease or the estimated useful life of the asset, whichever is shorter.

Goodwill: We test goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate that the fair value of a reporting unit is likely to be below its carrying amount. We also test goodwill for impairment when there is a change in reporting units.

We may elect to perform a qualitative assessment that considers economic, industry and company-specific factors for all or selected reporting units. If, after completing this assessment, it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, we proceed to a quantitative test. We may also elect to perform a quantitative test instead of a qualitative assessment for any or all of our reporting units.

Quantitative testing requires a comparison of the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value. We typically use the discounted cash flow method to estimate the fair value of our reporting units. The discounted cash flow method incorporates various assumptions, the most significant being projected revenue growth rates, operating margins and cash flows, the terminal growth rate and the weighted-average cost of capital. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, goodwill is considered impaired and any loss must be measured. To determine the amount of the impairment loss, the implied fair value of goodwill is determined by assigning a fair value to all of the reporting unit's assets and liabilities, including any unrecognized intangible assets, as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination at fair value. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss would be recognized in an amount equal to that excess.

There were no goodwill impairment charges recorded in 2021, 2020 or 2019.

Acquired Intangible Assets: Acquired identifiable intangible assets are recorded at cost and are amortized over their estimated useful lives.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets: Long-lived assets, including acquired identifiable intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of those assets may not be recoverable. We use undiscounted cash flows to determine whether impairment exists and measure any impairment loss using discounted cash flows.

In 2021, we recorded impairment charges on long-lived assets in our Space and Defense Controls segment. These charges relate to property, plant and equipment and intangibles assets that experienced a decline in value. These charges are included in long-lived asset impairment in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

In 2020, we recorded impairment charges on long-lived assets primarily in our Aircraft Controls and Industrial Systems segments. These charges relate to property, plant and equipment, right-of-use-assets and intangible assets that experienced significant decline in value due to economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. These charges are included in long-lived asset impairment in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

In 2019, we recorded impairment charges for capitalized software costs that were not placed in service. These charges are included as other expense in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

See Note 6, Property, Plant and Equipment, Note 7, Leases, Note 8, Goodwill and Intangible Assets and Note 12, Fair Value for additional disclosures relating to impairment charges recorded.

Product Warranties: In the ordinary course of business, we warrant our products against defect in design, materials and workmanship typically over periods ranging from twelve to sixty months. We determine warranty reserves needed by product line based on historical experience and current facts and circumstances.

Financial Instruments: Our financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, notes payable, accounts payable, long-term debt, interest rate swaps and foreign currency contracts. The carrying values for our financial instruments approximate fair value with the exception at times of long-term debt. We do not hold or issue financial instruments for trading purposes.

We carry derivative instruments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value, determined by reference to quoted market prices. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship and, if so, the reason for holding it. Our use of derivative instruments is generally limited to cash flow hedges of certain interest rate risks and minimizing foreign currency exposure on foreign currency transactions, which are typically designated in hedging relationships, and intercompany balances, which are not designated as hedging instruments. Cash flows resulting from forward contracts are accounted for as hedges of identifiable transactions or events and classified in the same category as the cash flows from the items being hedged.

Refer to the following table for a summary of ASUs we adopted during 2021 and the related financial statement impact.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements:

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

Standard	Description	Financial Statement Effect or Other Significant Matters
ASU no. 2016-13 Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments	The standard replaces the incurred loss model with the current expected credit loss ("CECL") model to estimate credit losses for financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain off-balance sheet credit exposures. The CECL model requires a Company to estimate credit losses expected over the life of the financial assets based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The provisions of the standard are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The amendment requires a modified retrospective approach by recording a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption.	We adopted this standard using a modified retrospective approach. Based on immateriality, there was no cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of period of adoption. Upon adoption, we now calculate current expected credits losses for financial assets measured at amortized cost. We utilize factors such as historical experience, credit quality, age of accounts receivable, current economic conditions and reasonable forecasted financial information in order to determine expected credit losses for these assets. We are not subject to material receivable credit risk given a significant portion of our sales are generated from contracts with the U.S. Government, prime contractors to the U.S. Government and reputable Fortune 500 companies. The impact of this standard was immaterial to financial statements, related disclosures and internal controls.
		Date adopted: Q1 2021

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

We consider the applicability and impact of all Accounting Standard Updates ("ASU"). ASUs not listed were assessed and determined to be either not applicable, or had or are expected to have an immaterial impact on our financial statements and related disclosures.