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Summary of significant accounting policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of presentation
Basis of presentation
The abbreviations and acronyms used throughout are defined following the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of the following businesses: electric, natural gas distribution, pipeline and midstream, construction materials and contracting, construction services, refining and other. The electric and natural gas distribution businesses, as well as a portion of the pipeline and midstream business, are regulated. Construction materials and contracting, construction services, refining and the other businesses, as well as a portion of the pipeline and midstream business, are nonregulated. For further descriptions of the Company's businesses, see Note 13. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation, except for certain transactions related to the Company's regulated operations in accordance with GAAP. The statements also include the ownership interests in the assets, liabilities and expenses of jointly owned electric generating facilities.
The Company's regulated businesses are subject to various state and federal agency regulations. The accounting policies followed by these businesses are generally subject to the Uniform System of Accounts of the FERC. These accounting policies differ in some respects from those used by the Company's nonregulated businesses.
The Company's regulated businesses account for certain income and expense items under the provisions of regulatory accounting, which requires these businesses to defer as regulatory assets or liabilities certain items that would have otherwise been reflected as expense or income, respectively, based on the expected regulatory treatment in future rates. The expected recovery or flowback of these deferred items generally is based on specific ratemaking decisions or precedent for each item. Regulatory assets and liabilities are being amortized consistently with the regulatory treatment established by the FERC and the applicable state public service commissions. See Note 4 for more information regarding the nature and amounts of these regulatory deferrals.
Depreciation, depletion and amortization expense is reported separately on the Consolidated Statements of Income and therefore is excluded from the other line items within operating expenses.
Management has also evaluated the impact of events occurring after December 31, 2015, up to the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements.
In the second quarter of 2015, the Company announced its plan to market Fidelity, previously referred to as the Company's exploration and production segment, and exit that line of business. In the third and fourth quarters of 2015 and the first quarter of 2016, the Company entered into purchase and sale agreements to sell the vast majority of Fidelity's assets, comprising greater than 93 percent of total production for 2014. The Company's consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes for current and prior periods have been restated to present the results of operations of Fidelity as discontinued operations, other than certain general and administrative costs and interest expense which were previously allocated to the former exploration and production segment and do not meet the criteria for income (loss) from discontinued operations. In addition, the assets and liabilities have been treated and classified as held for sale. Unless otherwise indicated, the amounts presented in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements relate to the Company's continuing operations. For more information on discontinued operations, see Note 2.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
Accounts receivable and allowance for doubtful accounts
Accounts receivable and allowance for doubtful accounts
Accounts receivable consists primarily of trade receivables from the sale of goods and services which are recorded at the invoiced amount net of allowance for doubtful accounts, and costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts. For more information, see Percentage-of-completion method in this note. The total balance of receivables past due 90 days or more was $27.8 million and $29.4 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
The allowance for doubtful accounts is determined through a review of past due balances and other specific account data. Account balances are written off when management determines the amounts to be uncollectible. The Company's allowance for doubtful accounts at December 31, 2015 and 2014, was $9.8 million and $9.5 million, respectively.
Inventories and natural gas in storage
Inventories and natural gas in storage
Natural gas in storage for the Company's regulated operations is generally carried at average cost, or cost using the last-in, first-out method. Crude oil and refined products at Dakota Prairie Refinery are carried at lower of cost or market value using the last-in, first-out method. In 2015, Dakota Prairie Refinery recorded $12.2 million (before tax) of inventory impairments due to the lower of cost or market valuation which is reflected in cost of crude oil on the Consolidated Statements of Income. All other inventories are stated at the lower of average cost or market value. The portion of the cost of natural gas in storage expected to be used within one year was included in inventories. Inventories at December 31 consisted of:
 
2015

2014

 
(In thousands)
Aggregates held for resale
$
115,854

$
108,161

Asphalt oil
36,498

42,135

Materials and supplies
16,997

54,282

Merchandise for resale
15,318

24,420

Refined products
8,498


Natural gas in storage (current)
21,023

19,302

Crude oil
4,678

5,045

Other
34,861

36,065

Total
$
253,727

$
289,410



The remainder of natural gas in storage, which largely represents the cost of gas required to maintain pressure levels for normal operating purposes, was included in other assets and was $49.1 million and $49.3 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
Investments
Investments
The Company's investments include the cash surrender value of life insurance policies, an insurance contract, mortgage-backed securities and U.S. Treasury securities. The Company measures its investment in the insurance contract at fair value with any unrealized gains and losses recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company has not elected the fair value option for its mortgage-backed securities and U.S. Treasury securities and, as a result, the unrealized gains and losses on these investments are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). For more information, see Notes 6 and 14.
Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment
Additions to property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. When regulated assets are retired, or otherwise disposed of in the ordinary course of business, the original cost of the asset is charged to accumulated depreciation. With respect to the retirement or disposal of all other assets the resulting gains or losses are recognized as a component of income. The Company is permitted to capitalize AFUDC on regulated construction projects and to include such amounts in rate base when the related facilities are placed in service. In addition, the Company capitalizes interest, when applicable, on certain construction projects associated with its other operations. The amount of AFUDC and interest capitalized for the years ended December 31 were as follows:
 
2015

2014

2013

 
 
(In thousands)

 
Interest capitalized
$
4,902

$
8,586

$
6,033

AFUDC - borrowed
$
4,907

$
3,022

$
2,767

AFUDC - equity
$
7,971

$
5,803

$
3,322


Generally, property, plant and equipment are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the average useful lives of the assets, except for depletable aggregate reserves, which are depleted based on the units-of-production method. The Company collects removal costs for plant assets in regulated utility rates. These amounts are recorded as regulatory liabilities, which are included in other liabilities.
Property, plant and equipment at December 31 was as follows:
 
2015

2014

Weighted
Average
Depreciable
Life in Years
 
(Dollars in thousands, where applicable)
Regulated:
 
 
 
Electric:
 
 
 
Generation
$
1,003,173

$
627,952

39
Distribution
375,612

343,692

44
Transmission
255,842

229,997

57
Construction in progress
42,436

150,445

-
Other
109,085

105,015

14
Natural gas distribution:





Distribution
1,624,645

1,481,390

35
Construction in progress
20,530

59,310

-
Other
431,406

364,059

22
Pipeline and midstream:





Transmission
460,305

449,276

53
Gathering
37,831

39,595

20
Storage
44,011

43,994

60
Construction in progress
7,549

5,386

-
Other
40,168

39,910

33
Nonregulated:





Pipeline and midstream:





Gathering and processing
158,949

227,598

16
Construction in progress
89

691

-
Other
9,827

11,938

10
Construction materials and contracting:





Land
123,723

125,372

-
Buildings and improvements
69,011

70,566

19
Machinery, vehicles and equipment
937,084

921,564

12
Construction in progress
18,615

8,709

-
Aggregate reserves
404,995

403,731

*
Construction services:





Land
6,460

5,265

-
Buildings and improvements
23,824

17,936

25
Machinery, vehicles and equipment
121,940

112,973

6
Other
11,055

8,221

3
Refining:
 
 
 
Refinery
445,198

88,232

20
Construction in progress
135

313,613

-
Other:





Land
2,837

2,837

-
Other
46,700

48,100

23
Eliminations
(15,367
)
(12,589
)
 
Less accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization
2,506,571

2,386,113

 
Net property, plant and equipment
$
4,311,097

$
3,908,665

 

*
Depleted on the units-of-production method.
 
Impairment of long-lived assets
Impairment of long-lived assets
The Company reviews the carrying values of its long-lived assets, excluding goodwill, oil and natural gas properties, and assets held for sale, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that such carrying values may not be recoverable. The determination of whether an impairment has occurred is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows attributable to the assets, compared to the carrying value of the assets. If impairment has occurred, the amount of the impairment recognized is determined by estimating the fair value of the assets and recording a loss if the carrying value is greater than the fair value. In the third quarter of 2015, the Company recognized an impairment of $14.1 million (before tax) related to the sale of certain non-strategic natural gas gathering assets that were written down to their estimated fair value that was determined using the market approach. In the second quarters of 2015 and 2013, the Company recognized impairments of $3.0 million (before tax) and $14.5 million (before tax), respectively, related to coalbed natural gas gathering assets located in Wyoming and Montana where there has been a continued decline in natural gas development and production activity largely due to low natural gas prices. The coalbed natural gas gathering assets were written down to their estimated fair value that was determined using the income approach. The impairments are recorded in operation and maintenance expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income. For more information on these nonrecurring fair value measurements, see Note 6.
No significant impairment losses were recorded in 2014. Unforeseen events and changes in circumstances could require the recognition of impairment losses at some future date.
Goodwill
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net tangible and intangible assets acquired in a business combination. Goodwill is required to be tested for impairment annually, which is completed in the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill may be impaired.
The goodwill impairment test is a two-step process performed at the reporting unit level. The Company has determined that the reporting units for its goodwill impairment test are its operating segments, or components of an operating segment, that constitute a business for which discrete financial information is available and for which segment management regularly reviews the operating results. For more information on the Company's operating segments, see Note 13. The first step of the impairment test involves comparing the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, the test is complete and no impairment is recorded. If the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, step two of the test is performed to determine the amount of impairment loss, if any. The impairment is computed by comparing the implied fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill to the carrying value of that goodwill. If the carrying value is greater than the implied fair value, an impairment loss must be recorded. For the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, there were no significant impairment losses recorded. At December 31, 2015, the fair value substantially exceeded the carrying value at all reporting units.
Determining the fair value of a reporting unit requires judgment and the use of significant estimates which include assumptions about the Company's future revenue, profitability and cash flows, amount and timing of estimated capital expenditures, inflation rates, weighted average cost of capital, operational plans, and current and future economic conditions, among others. The fair value of each reporting unit is determined using a weighted combination of income and market approaches. The Company uses a discounted cash flow methodology for its income approach. Under the income approach, the discounted cash flow model determines fair value based on the present value of projected cash flows over a specified period and a residual value related to future cash flows beyond the projection period. Both values are discounted using a rate which reflects the best estimate of the weighted average cost of capital at each reporting unit. The weighted average cost of capital, which varies by reporting unit and is in the range of 5 percent to 9 percent, and a long-term growth rate projection of approximately 3 percent were utilized in the goodwill impairment test performed in the fourth quarter of 2015. Under the market approach, the Company estimates fair value using multiples derived from comparable sales transactions and enterprise value to EBITDA for comparative peer companies for each respective reporting unit. These multiples are applied to operating data for each reporting unit to arrive at an indication of fair value. In addition, the Company adds a reasonable control premium when calculating the fair value utilizing the peer multiples, which is estimated as the premium that would be received in a sale in an orderly transaction between market participants. The Company believes that the estimates and assumptions used in its impairment assessments are reasonable and based on available market information, but variations in any of the assumptions could result in materially different calculations of fair value and determinations of whether or not an impairment is indicated.
Revenue recognition
Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognized when the earnings process is complete, as evidenced by an agreement between the customer and the Company, when delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, when the fee is fixed or determinable and when collection is reasonably assured. The Company recognizes utility revenue each month based on the services provided to all utility customers during the month. Accrued unbilled revenue which is included in receivables, net, represents revenues recognized in excess of amounts billed. Accrued unbilled revenue at Montana-Dakota, Cascade and Intermountain was $102.1 million and $99.7 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The Company recognizes construction contract revenue at its construction businesses using the percentage-of-completion method as discussed later. The Company recognizes revenue from exploration and production properties only on that portion of production sold and allocable to the Company's ownership interest in the related properties. The Company recognizes all other revenues when services are rendered or goods are delivered. The Company presents revenues net of taxes collected from customers at the time of sale to be remitted to governmental authorities, including sales and use taxes.
Percentage-of-completion method
Percentage-of-completion method
The Company recognizes construction contract revenue from fixed-price and modified fixed-price construction contracts at its construction businesses using the percentage-of-completion method, measured by the percentage of costs incurred to date to estimated total costs for each contract. If a loss is anticipated on a contract, the loss is immediately recognized.
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts represent revenues recognized in excess of amounts billed and were included in receivables, net. Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts represent billings in excess of revenues recognized and were included in accounts payable. Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings and billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts at December 31 were as follows:
 
2015

2014

 
(In thousands)
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts
$
64,369

$
58,243

Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts
$
68,048

$
47,011

Amounts representing balances billed but not paid by customers under retainage provisions in contracts at December 31 were as follows:
 
2015

2014

 
(In thousands)
Short-term retainage*
$
46,207

$
47,551

Long-term retainage**
1,605

1,053

Total retainage
$
47,812

$
48,604


*
Expected to be paid within one year or less and included in receivables, net.
**
Included in deferred charges and other assets - other.
 
Derivative instruments
Derivative instruments
The Company's policy allows the use of derivative instruments as part of an overall energy price and interest rate risk management program to efficiently manage and minimize commodity price and interest rate risk. The Company's policy prohibits the use of derivative instruments for speculating to take advantage of market trends and conditions, and the Company has procedures in place to monitor compliance with its policies. The Company is exposed to credit-related losses in relation to derivative instruments in the event of nonperformance by counterparties.
The Company's policy generally allows the hedging of monthly forecasted sales of oil and natural gas production for a period up to 42 months from the time the Company enters into the hedge. The Company's policy requires that interest rate derivative instruments not exceed a period of 24 months and allows the hedging of monthly forecasted purchases of natural gas at Cascade and Intermountain for a period up to three years.
The Company's policy requires that each month as physical oil and natural gas production occurs and the commodity is sold, the related portion of the derivative agreement for that month's production must settle with its counterparties. Settlements represent the exchange of cash between the Company and its counterparties based on the notional quantities and prices for each month's physical delivery as specified within the agreements. The fair value of the remaining notional amounts on the derivative agreements is recorded on the balance sheet as an asset or liability measured at fair value. The Company's policy also requires settlement of natural gas derivative instruments at Cascade and Intermountain monthly and all interest rate derivative transactions must be settled over a period that will not exceed 90 days. The Company has policies and procedures that management believes minimize credit-risk exposure. Accordingly, the Company does not anticipate any material effect on its financial position or results of operations as a result of nonperformance by counterparties. For more information on derivative instruments, see Note 5.
Asset retirement obligations
Asset retirement obligations
The Company records the fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation in the period in which it is incurred. When the liability is initially recorded, the Company capitalizes a cost by increasing the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset. Over time, the liability is accreted to its present value each period, and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the useful life of the related asset. Upon settlement of the liability, the Company either settles the obligation for the recorded amount or incurs a gain or loss at its nonregulated operations or incurs a regulatory asset or liability at its regulated operations. For more information on asset retirement obligations, see Note 8.
Legal costs
Legal costs
The Company expenses external legal fees as they are incurred.
Natural gas costs recoverable or refundable through rate adjustments
Natural gas costs recoverable or refundable through rate adjustments
Under the terms of certain orders of the applicable state public service commissions, the Company is deferring natural gas commodity, transportation and storage costs that are greater or less than amounts presently being recovered through its existing rate schedules. Such orders generally provide that these amounts are recoverable or refundable through rate adjustments which are filed annually. Natural gas costs refundable through rate adjustments were $20.9 million and $13.2 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, which is included in other accrued liabilities. Natural gas costs recoverable through rate adjustments were $547,000 and $19.6 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, which is included in prepayments and other current assets.
Income taxes
Income taxes
The Company provides deferred federal and state income taxes on all temporary differences between the book and tax basis of the Company's assets and liabilities. Excess deferred income tax balances associated with the Company's rate-regulated activities have been recorded as a regulatory liability and are included in other liabilities. These regulatory liabilities are expected to be reflected as a reduction in future rates charged to customers in accordance with applicable regulatory procedures.
The Company uses the deferral method of accounting for investment tax credits and amortizes the credits on regulated electric and natural gas distribution plant over various periods that conform to the ratemaking treatment prescribed by the applicable state public service commissions.
Tax positions taken or expected to be taken in an income tax return are evaluated for recognition using a more-likely-than-not threshold, and those tax positions requiring recognition are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority. The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in income taxes.
Earnings (loss) per common share
Earnings (loss) per common share
Basic earnings (loss) per common share were computed by dividing earnings (loss) on common stock by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings (loss) per common share were computed by dividing earnings (loss) on common stock by the total of the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the year, plus the effect of outstanding performance share awards. In 2015, 2014 and 2013, there were no shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share. Common stock outstanding includes issued shares less shares held in treasury. Net income (loss) was the same for both the basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share calculations. A reconciliation of the weighted average common shares outstanding used in the basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share calculation was as follows:
 
2015

2014

2013

 
 
(In thousands)

 
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic
194,928

192,507

188,855

Effect of dilutive performance share awards
58

80

838

Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted
194,986

192,587

189,693

Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share



Use of estimates
Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates are used for items such as impairment testing of assets held for sale, long-lived assets, goodwill and oil and natural gas properties; fair values of acquired assets and liabilities under the acquisition method of accounting; aggregate reserves; property depreciable lives; tax provisions; uncollectible accounts; environmental and other loss contingencies; accumulated provision for revenues subject to refund; costs on construction contracts; unbilled revenues; actuarially determined benefit costs; asset retirement obligations; and the valuation of stock-based compensation. As additional information becomes available, or actual amounts are determinable, the recorded estimates are revised. Consequently, operating results can be affected by revisions to prior accounting estimates.
New accounting standards
New accounting standards
Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity In April 2014, the FASB issued guidance related to the definition and reporting of discontinued operations. The guidance changed the definition of discontinued operations to include only disposals of a component or group of components that represent a strategic shift and that have a major effect on an entity's operations or financial results. The guidance also expands the disclosure requirements for transactions that meet the definition of a discontinued operation, and also requires entities to disclose information about individually significant components that are disposed of or held for sale that do not meet the definition of a discontinued operation. This guidance was effective for the Company on January 1, 2015, and is to be applied prospectively. The adoption required additional disclosures for the Company's discontinued operations, however it did not impact the Company's results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
Revenue from Contracts with Customers In May 2014, the FASB issued guidance on accounting for revenue from contracts with customers. The guidance provides for a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry specific guidance. This guidance was to be effective for the Company on January 1, 2017. In August 2015, the FASB issued guidance deferring the effective date of the revenue guidance one year and allowing entities to early adopt. With this decision, the guidance will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. Entities will have the option of using either a full retrospective or modified retrospective approach to adopting the guidance. Under the modified approach, an entity would recognize the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance with an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. In addition, the modified approach will require additional disclosures. The Company is evaluating the effects the adoption of the new revenue guidance will have on its results of operations, financial position, cash flows and disclosures, as well as its method of adoption.
Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs In April 2015, the FASB issued guidance on simplifying the presentation of debt issuance costs in the financial statements. This guidance requires entities to present debt issuance costs as a direct deduction to the related debt liability. The amortization of these costs will be reported as interest expense. The guidance was effective for the Company on January 1, 2016, and is to be applied retrospectively. Early adoption of this guidance was permitted, however the Company has not elected to do so. The guidance will require a reclassification of the debt issuance costs on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, but will not impact the Company's results of operations or cash flows.
Disclosures for Investments in Certain Entities That Calculate Net Asset Value per Share (or its Equivalent) In May 2015, the FASB issued guidance on fair value measurement and disclosure requirements removing the requirement to include investments in the fair value hierarchy for which fair value is measured using the net asset value per share practical expedient. The new guidance also removes the requirement to make certain disclosures for all investments that are eligible to be measured at net asset value using the practical expedient, and rather limits those disclosures to investments for which the practical expedient has been elected. This guidance was effective for the Company on January 1, 2016, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the effects the adoption of the new guidance will have on its disclosures, however it will not impact the Company's results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory In July 2015, the FASB issued guidance regarding inventory that is measured using the first-in, first-out or average cost method. The guidance does not apply to inventory measured using the last-in, first-out or the retail inventory method. The guidance requires inventory within its scope to be measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value, which is the estimated selling price in the normal course of business less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. These amendments more closely align GAAP with IFRS. This guidance will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2017, and should be applied prospectively with early adoption permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The Company is evaluating the effects the adoption of the new guidance will have on its results of operations, financial position and cash flows.
Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes In November 2015, the FASB issued guidance regarding the classification of deferred taxes on the balance sheet. The guidance will require all deferred tax assets and liabilities to be classified as noncurrent. These amendments will align GAAP with IFRS. This guidance will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2017, with early adoption permitted. Entities will have the option to apply the guidance prospectively, for all deferred tax assets and liabilities, or retrospectively. The Company is evaluating the effects the adoption of the new guidance will have on its financial position and disclosures, however it will not impact the Company's results of operations or cash flows.
Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities In January 2016, the FASB issued guidance regarding the classification and measurement of financial instruments. The guidance revises the way an entity classifies and measures investments in equity securities, the presentation of certain fair value changes for financial liabilities measured at fair value and amends certain disclosure requirements related to the fair value of financial instruments. This guidance will be effective for the Company on January 1, 2018, with early adoption of certain amendments permitted. The Company is evaluating the effects the adoption of the new guidance will have on its results of operations, financial position, cash flows and disclosures.
Variable interest entities
Variable interest entities
The Company evaluates its arrangements and contracts with other entities to determine if they are VIEs and if so, if the Company is the primary beneficiary. GAAP provides a framework for identifying VIEs and determining when a company should include the assets, liabilities, noncontrolling interest and results of activities of a VIE in its consolidated financial statements.
A VIE should be consolidated if a party with an ownership, contractual or other financial interest in the VIE (a variable interest holder) has the power to direct the VIE's most significant activities and the obligation to absorb losses or right to receive benefits of the VIE that could be significant to the VIE. A variable interest holder that consolidates the VIE is called the primary beneficiary. Upon consolidation, the primary beneficiary generally must initially record all of the VIE's assets, liabilities and noncontrolling interests at fair value and subsequently account for the VIE as if it were consolidated.
The Company's evaluation of whether it qualifies as the primary beneficiary of a VIE involves significant judgments, estimates and assumptions and includes a qualitative analysis of the activities that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance and whether the Company has the power to direct those activities, the design of the entity, the rights of the parties and the purpose of the arrangement.
Comprehensive income (loss)
Comprehensive income (loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) is the sum of net income (loss) as reported and other comprehensive income (loss). The Company's other comprehensive income (loss) resulted from gains (losses) on derivative instruments qualifying as hedges, postretirement liability adjustments, foreign currency translation adjustments and gains (losses) on available-for-sale investments. For more information on derivative instruments, see Note 5.
The after-tax changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss as of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, were as follows:
 
Net
Unrealized
Gain (Loss) on
Derivative
 Instruments
 Qualifying
as Hedges

Post-
retirement
 Liability
Adjustment

Foreign
Currency
 Translation
 Adjustment

Net
Unrealized
Gain (Loss) on
Available-
for-sale
Investments

Total
Accumulated
 Other
Comprehensive
 Loss

 
 
 
(In thousands)

 
 
Balance at December 31, 2013
$
(3,765
)
$
(33,807
)
$
(667
)
$
34

$
(38,205
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications

(12,409
)
(162
)
(154
)
(12,725
)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
694

796


135

1,625

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to a regulatory asset

7,202



7,202

Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)
694

(4,411
)
(162
)
(19
)
(3,898
)
Balance at December 31, 2014
(3,071
)
(38,218
)
(829
)
15

(42,103
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications

(88
)
(173
)
(170
)
(431
)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss
404

1,794

802

131

3,131

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to a regulatory asset

2,255



2,255

Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)
404

3,961

629

(39
)
4,955

Balance at December 31, 2015
$
(2,667
)
$
(34,257
)
$
(200
)
$
(24
)
$
(37,148
)

Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31 were as follows:
 
2015

2014

Location on Consolidated
Statements of Income
 
(In thousands)
 
Reclassification adjustment for loss on derivative
instruments included in net income (loss):
 
 
 
Interest rate derivative instruments
$
(637
)
$
(639
)
Interest expense
 
233

240

Income taxes
 
(404
)
(399
)
 
Commodity derivative instruments, net of tax

(295
)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
 
(404
)
(694
)
 
Amortization of postretirement liability losses included
in net periodic benefit cost (credit)
(2,922
)
(1,288
)
(a)
 
1,128

492

Income taxes
 
(1,794
)
(796
)
 
Reclassification adjustment for loss on foreign currency
translation adjustment included in net income (loss)
(1,292
)

Other income
 
490


Income taxes
 
(802
)

 
Reclassification adjustment for loss on available-for-sale
investments included in net income (loss)
(201
)
(208
)
Other income
 
70

73

Income taxes
 
(131
)
(135
)
 
Total reclassifications
$
(3,131
)
$
(1,625
)
 
(a)
Included in net periodic benefit cost (credit). For more information, see Note 14.