Employee Benefit Plans

Pension and other postretirement benefit plans

The Company has noncontributory defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans for certain eligible employees. The Company uses a measurement date of December 31 for all of its pension and postretirement benefit plans.

Defined pension plan benefits to all nonunion and certain union employees hired after December 31, 2005, were discontinued. In 2010, all benefit and service accruals for nonunion and certain union plans were frozen. In 2011 and 2012, all benefit and service accruals for certain additional union employees were frozen. These employees will be eligible to receive additional defined contribution plan benefits.

Effective January 1, 2010, eligibility to receive retiree medical benefits was modified at certain of the Company's businesses. Employees who had attained age 55 with 10 years of continuous service by December 31, 2010, will be provided the current retiree medical insurance benefits or can elect the new benefit, if desired, regardless of when they retire. All other current employees must meet the new eligibility criteria of age 60 and 10 years of continuous service at the time they retire. These employees will be eligible for a specified company funded Retiree Reimbursement Account. Employees hired after December 31, 2009, will not be eligible for retiree medical benefits at certain of the Company's businesses.

In 2012, the Company modified health care coverage for certain retirees. Effective January 1, 2013, post-65 coverage was replaced by a fixed-dollar subsidy for retirees and spouses to be used to purchase individual insurance through an exchange.

Changes in benefit obligation and plan assets for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, and amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2014 and 2013, were as follows:



	Pension Benefits						Other Postretirement Benefits
	2014			2013			2014			2013
	(In thousands)
Change in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	402,772		$	459,111		$	81,726		$	103,358
Service cost	129			155			1,518			1,675
Interest cost	17,682			16,249			3,521			3,215
Plan participants' contributions	—			—			1,399			1,472
Actuarial (gain) loss	80,520			(44,551		)	18,024			(20,985		)
Benefits paid	(25,766		)	(28,192		)	(7,176		)	(7,009		)
Benefit obligation at end of year	475,337			402,772			99,012			81,726
Change in net plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	334,844			309,184			84,543			74,361
Actual gain on plan assets	24,500			35,539			7,527			13,819
Employer contribution	20,785			18,313			1,293			1,900
Plan participants' contributions	—			—			1,399			1,472
Benefits paid	(25,766		)	(28,192		)	(7,176		)	(7,009		)
Fair value of net plan assets at end of year	354,363			334,844			87,586			84,543
Funded status - (under) over	$	(120,974	)	$	(67,928	)	$	(11,426	)	$	2,817
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31:
Other assets (noncurrent)	$	—		$	—		$	4,345		$	9,679
Other accrued liabilities (current)	—			—			(322		)	(381		)
Other liabilities (noncurrent)	(120,974		)	(67,928		)	(15,449		)	(6,481		)
Net amount recognized	$	(120,974	)	$	(67,928	)	$	(11,426	)	$	2,817
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss consist of:
Actuarial loss	$	207,430		$	135,061		$	25,779		$	11,314
Prior service cost (credit)	294			365			(15,744		)	(17,137		)
Total	$	207,724		$	135,426		$	10,035		$	(5,823	)

Employer contributions and benefits paid in the preceding table include only those amounts contributed directly to, or paid directly from, plan assets. Accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss in the above table includes amounts related to regulated operations, which are recorded as regulatory assets (liabilities) and are expected to be reflected in rates charged to customers over time. For more information on regulatory assets (liabilities), see Note 6.

Unrecognized pension actuarial losses in excess of 10 percent of the greater of the projected benefit obligation or the market-related value of assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected average remaining service lives of active participants for non-frozen plans and over the average life expectancy of plan participants for frozen plans. The market-related value of assets is determined using a five-year average of assets. Unrecognized postretirement net transition obligation was amortized over a 20-year period ending 2012.

The pension plans all have accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets. The projected benefit obligation, accumulated benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets for these plans at December 31 were as follows:



	2014		2013
	(In thousands)
Projected benefit obligation	$	475,337	$	402,772
Accumulated benefit obligation	$	475,337	$	402,772
Fair value of plan assets	$	354,363	$	334,844

Components of net periodic benefit cost for the Company's pension and other postretirement benefit plans for the years ended December 31 were as follows:



	Pension Benefits									Other Postretirement Benefits
	2014			2013			2012			2014			2013			2012
	(In thousands)
Components of net periodic benefit cost (credit):
Service cost	$	129		$	155		$	1,078		$	1,518		$	1,675		$	1,747
Interest cost	17,682			16,249			17,598			3,521			3,215			4,166
Expected return on assets	(21,218		)	(19,917		)	(23,536		)	(4,617		)	(4,343		)	(4,890		)
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)	71			71			(46		)	(1,393		)	(1,457		)	(1,438		)
Recognized net actuarial loss	4,869			7,173			7,070			649			1,814			2,134
Curtailment gain	—			—			(1,023		)	—			—			—
Amortization of net transition obligation	—			—			—			—			—			2,128
Net periodic benefit cost (credit), including amount capitalized	1,533			3,731			1,141			(322		)	904			3,847
Less amount capitalized	388			727			937			(21		)	164			910
Net periodic benefit cost (credit)	1,145			3,004			204			(301		)	740			2,937
Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss:
Net (gain) loss	77,238			(60,173		)	19,982			15,114			(30,461		)	1,863
Prior service credit	—			—			—			—			—			(11,418		)
Amortization of actuarial loss	(4,869		)	(7,173		)	(7,070		)	(649		)	(1,814		)	(2,134		)
Amortization of prior service (cost) credit	(71		)	(71		)	1,069			1,393			1,457			1,438
Amortization of net transition obligation	—			—			—			—			—			(2,128		)
Total recognized in accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss	72,298			(67,417		)	13,981			15,858			(30,818		)	(12,379		)
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost (credit) and accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss	$	73,443		$	(64,413	)	$	14,185		$	15,557		$	(30,078	)	$	(9,442	)

The estimated net loss and prior service cost for the defined benefit pension plans that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost in 2015 are $7.1 million and $71,000, respectively. The estimated net loss and prior service credit for the other postretirement benefit plans that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost in 2015 are $1.8 million and $1.4 million, respectively. Prior service cost is amortized on a straight line basis over the average remaining service period of active participants.

Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31 were as follows:



	Pension Benefits				Other Postretirement Benefits
	2014		2013		2014		2013
Discount rate	3.70	%	4.53	%	3.74	%	4.48	%
Expected return on plan assets	7.00	%	7.00	%	6.00	%	6.00	%
Rate of compensation increase	N/A		N/A		3.00	%	3.00	%

Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost for the years ended December 31 were as follows:



	Pension Benefits				Other Postretirement Benefits
	2014		2013		2014		2013
Discount rate	4.53	%	3.65	%	4.48	%	3.67	%
Expected return on plan assets	7.00	%	7.00	%	6.00	%	6.00	%
Rate of compensation increase	N/A		N/A		3.00	%	4.00	%

The expected rate of return on pension plan assets is based on a targeted asset allocation range determined by the funded ratio of the plan. As of December 31, 2014, the expected rate of return on pension plan assets is based on the targeted asset allocation range of 40 percent to 50 percent equity securities and 50 percent to 60 percent fixed-income securities and the expected rate of return from these asset categories. The expected rate of return on other postretirement plan assets is based on the targeted asset allocation range of 65 percent to 75 percent equity securities and 25 percent to 35 percent fixed-income securities and the expected rate of return from these asset categories. The expected return on plan assets for other postretirement benefits reflects insurance-related investment costs.

Health care rate assumptions for the Company's other postretirement benefit plans as of December 31 were as follows:



				2014					2013
Health care trend rate assumed for next year	4.0	%	–	7.0	%	6.0	%	–	7.0	%
Health care cost trend rate - ultimate	5.0	%	–	6.0	%	5.0	%	–	6.0	%
Year in which ultimate trend rate achieved				2017					2017

The Company's other postretirement benefit plans include health care and life insurance benefits for certain retirees. The plans underlying these benefits may require contributions by the retiree depending on such retiree's age and years of service at retirement or the date of retirement. The accounting for the health care plans anticipates future cost-sharing changes that are consistent with the Company's expressed intent to generally increase retiree contributions each year by the excess of the expected health care cost trend rate over six percent.

Assumed health care cost trend rates may have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the health care plans. A one percentage point change in the assumed health care cost trend rates would have had the following effects at December 31, 2014:



	1 Percentage Point Increase		1 Percentage Point Decrease
	(In thousands)
Effect on total of service and interest cost components	$	247	$	(207	)
Effect on postretirement benefit obligation	$	4,489	$	(3,832	)

The Company's pension assets are managed by 15 outside investment managers. The Company's other postretirement assets are managed by one outside investment manager. The Company's investment policy with respect to pension and other postretirement assets is to make investments solely in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of the plans and for the exclusive purpose of providing benefits accrued and defraying the reasonable expenses of administration. The Company strives to maintain investment diversification to assist in minimizing the risk of large losses. The Company's policy guidelines allow for investment of funds in cash equivalents, fixed-income securities and equity securities. The guidelines prohibit investment in commodities and futures contracts, equity private placement, employer securities, leveraged or derivative securities, options, direct real estate investments, precious metals, venture capital and limited partnerships. The guidelines also prohibit short selling and margin transactions. The Company's practice is to periodically review and rebalance asset categories based on its targeted asset allocation percentage policy.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The ASC establishes a hierarchy for grouping assets and liabilities, based on the significance of inputs.

The estimated fair values of the Company's pension plans' assets are determined using the market approach.

The carrying value of the pension plans' Level 2 cash equivalents approximates fair value and is determined using observable inputs in active markets or the net asset value of shares held at year end, which is determined using other observable inputs including pricing from outside sources. Units of this fund can be redeemed on a daily basis at their net asset value and have no redemption restrictions. The assets are invested in high quality, short-term instruments of domestic and foreign issuers. There are no unfunded commitments related to this fund.

The estimated fair value of the pension plans' Level 1 equity securities is based on the closing price reported on the active market on which the individual securities are traded.

The estimated fair value of the pension plans' Level 1 and Level 2 collective and mutual funds are based on the net asset value of shares held at year end, based on either published market quotations on active markets or other known sources including pricing from outside sources. Units of these funds can be redeemed on a daily basis at their net asset value and have no redemption restrictions. There are no unfunded commitments related to these funds.

The estimated fair value of the pension plans' Level 2 corporate and municipal bonds is determined using other observable inputs, including benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, bids, offers, future cash flows and other reference data.

The estimated fair value of the pension plans' Level 1 U.S. Government securities are valued based on quoted prices on an active market.

The estimated fair value of the pension plans' Level 2 U.S. Government securities are valued mainly using other observable inputs, including benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, bids, offers, to be announced prices, future cash flows and other reference data. Some of these securities are valued using pricing from outside sources.

Though the Company believes the methods used to estimate fair value are consistent with those used by other market participants, the use of other methods or assumptions could result in a different estimate of fair value. For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, there were no transfers between Levels 1 and 2.

The fair value of the Company's pension plans' assets (excluding cash) by class were as follows:



	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2014, Using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Balance at December 31, 2014
	(In thousands)
Assets:
Cash equivalents	$	—	$	5,631	$	—	$	5,631
Equity securities:
U.S. companies	39,077		—		—		39,077
International companies	5,189		—		—		5,189
Collective and mutual funds*	132,403		77,449		—		209,852
Corporate bonds	—		59,471		—		59,471
Municipal bonds	—		10,462		—		10,462
U.S. Government securities	15,001		6,849		—		21,850
Total assets measured at fair value	$	191,670	$	159,862	$	—	$	351,532


*	Collective and mutual funds invest approximately 13 percent in common stock of large-cap U.S. companies, 13 percent in U.S. Government securities, 23 percent in corporate bonds, 33 percent in common stock of international companies and 18 percent in other investments.



	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2013, Using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Balance at December 31, 2013
	(In thousands)
Assets:
Cash equivalents	$	—	$	9,406	$	—	$	9,406
Equity securities:
U.S. companies	62,599		—		—		62,599
International companies	39,437		—		—		39,437
Collective and mutual funds*	116,265		42,483		—		158,748
Corporate bonds	—		42,721		—		42,721
Municipal bonds	—		7,561		—		7,561
U.S. Government securities	7,487		4,335		—		11,822
Total assets measured at fair value	$	225,788	$	106,506	$	—	$	332,294


*	Collective and mutual funds invest approximately 11 percent in common stock of mid-cap U.S. companies, 19 percent in common stock of large-cap U.S. companies, 12 percent in U.S. Government securities, 27 percent in corporate bonds, 13 percent in common stock of international companies and 18 percent in other investments.

The estimated fair values of the Company's other postretirement benefit plans' assets are determined using the market approach.

The estimated fair value of the other postretirement benefit plans' Level 2 cash equivalents is valued at the net asset value of shares held at year end, based on published market quotations on active markets, or using other known sources including pricing from outside sources. Units of this fund can be redeemed on a daily basis at their net asset value and have no redemption restrictions. The assets are invested in high-quality, short-term money market instruments that consist of municipal obligations. There are no unfunded commitments related to this fund.

The estimated fair value of the other postretirement benefit plans' Level 1 equity securities is based on the closing price reported on the active market on which the individual securities are traded.

The estimated fair value of the other postretirement benefit plans' Level 2 insurance contract is based on contractual cash surrender values that are determined primarily by investments in managed separate accounts of the insurer. These amounts approximate fair value. The managed separate accounts are valued based on other observable inputs or corroborated market data.

The fair value of the Company's other postretirement benefit plans' assets (excluding cash) by asset class were as follows:



	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2014, Using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Balance at December 31, 2014
	(In thousands)
Assets:
Cash equivalents	$	—	$	2,097	$	—	$	2,097
Equity securities:
U.S. companies	2,614		—		—		2,614
International companies	25		—		—		25
Insurance contract*	—		82,846		—		82,846
Total assets measured at fair value	$	2,639	$	84,943	$	—	$	87,582

*The insurance contract invests approximately 54 percent in common stock of large-cap U.S. companies, 11 percent in U.S. Government securities, 10 percent in mortgage-backed securities, 10 percent in corporate bonds and 15 percent in other investments.



	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2013, Using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Balance at December 31, 2013
	(In thousands)
Assets:
Cash equivalents	$	—	$	2,142	$	—	$	2,142
Equity securities:
U.S. companies	2,802		—		—		2,802
International companies	221		—		—		221
Insurance contract*	—		79,374		—		79,374
Total assets measured at fair value	$	3,023	$	81,516	$	—	$	84,539


*	The insurance contract invests approximately 55 percent in common stock of large-cap U.S. companies, 12 percent in U.S. Government securities, 8 percent in mortgage-backed securities, 8 percent in common stock of mid-cap U.S. companies, 9 percent in corporate bonds and 8 percent in other investments.

The Company expects to contribute approximately $3.9 million to its defined benefit pension plans and approximately $400,000 to its postretirement benefit plans in 2015.

The following benefit payments, which reflect future service, as appropriate, and expected Medicare Part D subsidies are as follows:



Years	Pension Benefits		Other Postretirement Benefits		Expected Medicare Part D Subsidy
			(In thousands)
2015	$	23,769	$	5,162	$	218
2016	24,025		5,186		213
2017	24,621		5,262		207
2018	25,064		5,329		200
2019	25,498		5,344		193
2020 - 2024	133,935		26,714		836

Nonqualified benefit plans

In addition to the qualified plan defined pension benefits reflected in the table at the beginning of this note, the Company also has unfunded, nonqualified benefit plans for executive officers and certain key management employees that generally provide for defined benefit payments at age 65 following the employee's retirement or to their beneficiaries upon death for a 15-year period. The Company's net periodic benefit cost for these plans was $6.6 million, $7.3 million and $8.1 million in 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The total projected benefit obligation for these plans was $115.6 million and $106.9 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The accumulated benefit obligation for these plans was $108.2 million and $99.7 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. A weighted average discount rate of 3.51 percent and 4.32 percent at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and a rate of compensation increase of 4.00 percent and 4.00 percent at December 31, 2014 and 2013, were used to determine benefit obligations. A discount rate of 4.32 percent and 3.44 percent at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, and a rate of compensation increase of 4.00 percent and 3.00 percent at December 31, 2014 and 2013, were used to determine net periodic benefit cost.

The amount of benefit payments for the unfunded, nonqualified benefit plans are expected to aggregate $6.6 million in 2015; $6.5 million in 2016; $6.7 million in 2017; $7.1 million in 2018; $7.3 million in 2019 and $37.9 million for the years 2020 through 2024.

In 2012, the Company established a nonqualified defined contribution plan for certain key management employees. Expenses incurred under this plan for 2014 and 2013 were $104,000 and $25,000, respectively.

The Company had investments of $101.4 million and $98.1 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively, consisting of equity securities of $54.9 million and $53.5 million, respectively, life insurance carried on plan participants (payable upon the employee's death) of $32.8 million and $31.4 million, respectively, and other investments of $13.7 million and $13.2 million, respectively. The Company anticipates using these investments to satisfy obligations under these plans.

Defined contribution plans

The Company sponsors various defined contribution plans for eligible employees and the costs incurred under these plans were $34.4 million in 2014, $33.2 million in 2013 and $29.3 million in 2012.

Multiemployer plans

The Company contributes to a number of multiemployer defined benefit pension plans under the terms of collective-bargaining agreements that cover its union-represented employees. The risks of participating in these multiemployer plans are different from single-employer plans in the following aspects:


•	Assets contributed to the MEPP by one employer may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers


•	If a participating employer stops contributing to the plan, the unfunded obligations of the plan may be borne by the remaining participating employers


•	If the Company chooses to stop participating in some of its MEPPs, the Company may be required to pay those plans an amount based on the underfunded status of the plan, referred to as a withdrawal liability

The Company's participation in these plans is outlined in the following table. Unless otherwise noted, the most recent Pension Protection Act zone status available in 2014 and 2013 is for the plan's year-end at December 31, 2013, and December 31, 2012, respectively. The zone status is based on information that the Company received from the plan and is certified by the plan's actuary. Among other factors, plans in the red zone are generally less than 65 percent funded, plans in the yellow zone are between 65 percent and 80 percent funded, and plans in the green zone are at least 80 percent funded.



	EIN/Pension Plan Number	Pension Protection Act Zone Status		FIP/RP Status Pending/Implemented	Contributions						Surcharge Imposed	Expiration Date of Collective Bargaining Agreement
Pension Fund		2014	2013		2014		2013		2012
					(In thousands)
Edison Pension Plan	93-6061681-001	Green as of 12/31/2014	Green as of 12/31/2013	No	$	9,061	$	6,358	$	5,171	No	12/31/2014*
IBEW Local 38 Pension Plan	34-6574238-001	Yellow as of 4/30/2014	Yellow as of 4/30/2013	Implemented	777		1,041		2,771		No	4/23/2017
IBEW Local No. 82 Pension Plan	31-6127268-001	Red as of 6/30/2014	Red as of 6/30/2013	Implemented	1,392		1,284		1,093		No	11/29/2015
IBEW Local No. 246 Pension Plan	34-6582842-001	Yellow as of 5/31/2014	Yellow as of 5/31/2013	Implemented	694		1,848		1		No	10/31/2017
IBEW Local 648 Pension Plan	31-6134845-001	Red as of 2/28/2014	Red as of 2/28/2013	Implemented	1,110		1,489		564		No	8/31/2015
Laborers Pension Trust Fund for Northern California	94-6277608-001	Yellow as of 5/31/2014	Yellow as of 5/31/2013	Implemented	663		921		567		No	6/30/2016
National Electrical Benefit Fund	53-0181657-001	Green	Green	No	6,476		5,883		5,603		No	11/30/2019
OE Pension Trust Fund	94-6090764-001	Red as of 12/31/2014	Yellow	Implemented	1,445		1,510		1,156		No	6/15/2015– 6/30/2016
Operating Engineers Local 800 & WY Contractors Association, Inc. Pension Plan for Wyoming**	83-6011320-001	Red as of 12/31/2014	Red as of 12/31/2013	Implemented	68		76		91		No	10/31/2005*
Operating Engineers Pension Trust	95-6032478-001	Red as of 6/30/2014	Red as of 6/30/2013	Implemented	612		493		761		No	7/1/2016
Sheet Metal Workers' Pension Plan of Southern CA, AZ and NV	95-6052257-001	Red as of 12/31/2014	Red as of 12/31/2013	Implemented	676		512		467		No	6/30/2015
Southwest Marine Pension Trust	95-6123404-001	Red as of 12/31/2014	Red as of 12/31/2013	Implemented	31		42		76		No	1/31/2014*– 1/31/2019
Other funds					19,812		17,803		16,458
Total contributions					$	42,817	$	39,260	$	34,779


*	Plan includes collective bargaining agreements which have expired. The agreements contain provisions that automatically renew the existing contracts in lieu of a new negotiated collective bargaining agreement.


**	The Company withdrew from the plan as of October 26, 2014, as discussed below.

The Company was listed in the plans' Forms 5500 as providing more than 5 percent of the total contributions for the following plans and plan years:



Pension Fund	Year Contributions to Plan Exceeded More Than 5 Percent of Total Contributions (as of December 31 of the Plan's Year-End)
Edison Pension Plan	2013 and 2012
IBEW Local 38 Pension Plan	2012
IBEW Local No. 82 Pension Plan	2013 and 2012
Local Union No. 124 IBEW Pension Trust Fund	2013 and 2012
Local Union 212 IBEW Pension Trust Fund	2013 and 2012
IBEW Local Union No. 357 Pension Plan A	2013 and 2012
IBEW Local 648 Pension Plan	2013 and 2012
Idaho Plumbers and Pipefitters Pension Plan	2012
Minnesota Teamsters Construction Division Pension Fund	2013 and 2012
Operating Engineers Local 800 & WY Contractors Association, Inc. Pension Plan for Wyoming*	2013 and 2012
Pension and Retirement Plan of Plumbers and Pipefitters Union Local No. 525	2013 and 2012


*	The Company withdrew from the plan as of October 26, 2014, as discussed below.

On September 24, 2014, Knife River provided notice to the Operating Engineers Local 800 & WY Contractors Association, Inc. Pension Plan for Wyoming that it was withdrawing from the plan effective October 26, 2014. The plan administrator will determine Knife River's withdrawal liability, which the Company currently estimates at approximately $14 million (approximately $8.4 million after tax). The assessed withdrawal liability for this plan may be significantly different from the current estimate.

The Company also contributes to a number of multiemployer other postretirement plans under the terms of collective-bargaining agreements that cover its union-represented employees. These plans provide benefits such as health insurance, disability insurance and life insurance to retired union employees. Many of the multiemployer other postretirement plans are combined with active multiemployer health and welfare plans. The Company's total contributions to its multiemployer other postretirement plans, which also includes contributions to active multiemployer health and welfare plans, were $34.6 million, $37.1 million and $31.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

Amounts contributed in 2014, 2013 and 2012 to defined contribution multiemployer plans were $22.0 million, $20.6 million and $18.7 million, respectively.