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Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Notes to Financial Statements  
Organization, Consolidation, Basis of Presentation, Business Description and Accounting Policies [Text Block]
(1
)
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
MOCON Inc. and its subsidiaries develops, manufacturers and markets measurement, analytical, monitoring and consulting products for customers in the barrier packaging, food, pharmaceutical, consumer products, industrial hygiene, air quality monitoring, oil and gas exploration and other industries throughout the world.
 
We report our operating segments in accordance with
Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)
280,
Segment Reporting
. Our operating segments are Permeation Products and Services (“Permeation”), Package Testing Products and Services (“Package Testing”), and Industrial Analyzer Products and Services and Other (“Industrial Analyzers and Other”) for financial reporting purposes.
 
The following is a summary of the significant accounting policies used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.
 
 
(a)
Principles of Consolidation
 
The consolidated financial statements include our accounts and our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
 
 
(b)
Foreign Currency Translation
 
The financial statements for operations outside the United States are maintained in their local currencies. All assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries are translated to United States dollars at period-end exchange rates, while revenue and expense accounts are translated at the average exchange rates during the period transactions occurred. Translation adjustments arising from the use of differing exchange rates are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in shareholders’ equity. Gains and losses on foreign currency transactions are included in other income (expense).
 
 
(c)
Cash and Cash Equivalents
 
We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist of short-term investments which are readily convertible to cash.
 
 
(d)
Trade Accounts Receivable
 
Credit is granted to customers in the normal course of business. Receivables are recorded at original carrying value, which approximates fair value, less reserves for estimated uncollectible amounts and sales returns. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, including the current economic environment. When facts and circumstances dictate, we may need to adjust our estimates and assumptions.
 
 
(e)
Inventories
 
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined by the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method, and market represents the lower of replacement cost or estimated net realizable value. We record an estimate for excess and obsolete inventory which is based on historical usage and sales history.
 
 
(f)
Property, Plant and Equipment
 
Property, plant and equipment are carried at cost. Depreciation and amortization are typically computed using the straight-line method. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is recognized in income for the period. The cost of maintenance and repairs is charged to income as incurred and significant renewals and betterments are capitalized. The present value of capital lease obligations are classified as long-term debt and the related assets are included in property, plant and equipment. Amortization of equipment under capital leases is included in depreciation expense.
 
 
(g)
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
 
As of December 31, 2015
and 2014
, we have recorded approximately $7.4 million and $8.1 million of goodwill, respectively. We test goodwill at least annually for impairment. We completed our annual impairment test of goodwill and concluded that no impairment existed as of December 31, 2015
and 2014
.
 
Intangible assets consist of developed technology, customer relationships, patents, trademarks and other intangibles. Developed technology, patents, trademarks and other intangibles are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. Costs incurred in connection with applications for new patents are deferred until a final determination, with respect to the application, is made by appropriate regulatory agencies. Costs of patents abandoned are charged to income in the period of abandonment. Developed technologies and customer relationships are amortized over 10 years. Patent costs and trademarks are amortized over the lesser of 17 years or their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. Tradenames are amortized over the lesser of 20 years or their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. Other intangibles are amortized over 3 to 5 years.
 
 
(h)
Software Development Costs
 
We capitalize certain software development costs related to software that is essential to the hardware within certain instruments we sell. Capitalized software development costs consist primarily of purchased materials and services. Software development costs are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility has been established, at which time future costs incurred are capitalized until the product is available for general release to the public. Based on our product development process, technological feasibility is generally established once product and detailed program designs have been completed, uncertainties related to high-risk development issues have been resolved through coding and testing, and we have established that the necessary skills, hardware, and software technology are available for production of the product. Once a software product is available for general release to the public, capitalized development costs associated with that product will begin to be amortized to cost of revenue over the product’s estimated economic life, using the greater of straight-line or a method that results in cost recognition in future periods that is consistent with the anticipated timing of product revenue recognition.
 
Our capitalized software development costs are included in intangible assets on the consolidated balance sheets and are subject to an ongoing assessment of recoverability, which is impacted by estimates and assumptions of future revenues and expenses for these software products, as well as other factors such as changes in product technologies. Any portion of unamortized capitalized software development costs that are determined to be in excess of net realizable value will be expensed in the period such a determination is made. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014 approximately $1.1 million of software development costs are being amortized over 7 to 10 years. Amortization expense was approximately $108,000, $46,000 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
 
The Company capitalizes direct costs of materials and services used in the development and purchase of internal-use software. Amounts capitalized are amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of five years and are reported as a component of property, plant and equipment on the consolidated balance sheets. Depreciation expense was approximately $221,000, $213,000 and $172,000 for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
 
 
 
(i)
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed of
 
We review our long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques including, but not limited to, discounted cash flow models, quoted market values and third-party independent appraisals. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.
 
During 2014 we identified an impairment indicator related to our investment in affiliated company, Luxcel Biosciences Limited (Luxcel) and concluded that the carrying value of Luxcel exceeded its fair value. The impairment was determined to be other-than-temporary. As a result, an impairment of $3.2 million, or 100 percent of the carrying value, was recognized within operating expenses of the consolidated statements of income in 2014. The investment in Luxcel has been reported in our unallocated-corporate reporting segment. Likewise, the impairment loss is allocated therein as well.
 
 
(j)
Warranty
 
We have a liability recorded for estimated warranty claims at the time of sale. The amount of the liability is based on the trend in the historical ratio of claims to sales, the historical length of time between the sale and resulting claim, new product introductions and other factors. In the event we determine that its current or future product repair and replacement costs exceed our estimates, an adjustment to these reserves would be charged to earnings in the period such determination is made.
 
 
(k)
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements, in accordance with generally accepted principles in the United States of America, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the useful lives of property, valuation of plant and equipment, valuation of investment in affiliated company, goodwill and intangible assets, inventory reserves, allowance for doubtful accounts, uncertain tax positions and warranty reserves. Actual results could differ from those estimates
.
 
 
(l)
Income Taxes
 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is provided to offset deferred tax assets if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Based on our prospective adoption of ASU 2015-17, as of December 31, 2015 deferred tax asset and liability is classified as non current.
 
In the ordinary course of business there is inherent uncertainty in quantifying our income tax positions.  We assess our income tax positions and record tax benefits for all years subject to examination based upon management’s evaluation of the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting dates.  For those tax positions where it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, we have recorded the largest amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information.  For those income tax positions where it is not more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit has been recognized in the financial statements.  Potential accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recognized as a component of income tax expense.
 
 
(m)
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
 
Our financial instruments are recorded in the consolidated balance sheets. The carrying amount for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, line of credit, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximates fair value due to the immediate or short-term maturity of these financial instruments.
 
There are three levels within the fair value hierarchy that may be used to measure fair value:
 
Level 1: Values based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical assets or liabilities.
 
Level 2: Values based on quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, or model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.
 
Level 3: Values generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect the Company’s own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.
 
 
(n)
Revenue Recognition
 
We recognize revenue when it is realized or realizable and earned. We consider revenue realized or realizable when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the product has been shipped or the services have been provided to the customer, title and risk of loss of products has passed to the customer, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. The revenue recognition policy does not differ among the various product lines, the marketing venues, or various geographic destinations. We do not have distributors who stock our equipment. We do not offer rebates, price protection, or other similar incentives, and discounts when offered are recorded as a reduction in revenue.
 
Revenue for service arrangements such as maintenance, repair, technical support are recognized either as the service is provided or ratably over the defined contractual period for service maintenance as noted in the paragraph below. Revenue for preventive maintenance agreements is recognized on a per visit basis and extended warranties on a straight-line basis over the life of the contracts. Unearned revenue related to these contracts is recorded in current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.
 
We periodically have shipments of products to customers in which revenue is recognized under the accounting guidance related to multiple element arrangements. We allocate the overall arrangement fee to each element (both delivered and undelivered items) based on their relative selling price, as demonstrated by vendor – specific evidence (VSOE) or third –party evidence (TPE). Where VSOE or TPE is not available, revenue is allocated using an estimated selling price.
 
Shipping and handling fees billed to customers are reported within revenue in the consolidated statements of income, and the related costs are included in cost of revenue in the consolidated statements of income.
 
Revenue is recorded net of taxes collected from customers that are remitted to governmental authorities with the collected taxes recorded as current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.
 
 
(o)
Advertising Costs
 
We incur advertising costs associated with trade shows, print advertising and brochures. Such costs are charged to expense as incurred. Advertising expense was approximately $646,000, $845,000 and $831,000 for the years ended December 31, 2015
, 2014
and 2013
, respectively.
 
 
(p)
Research and Development Costs
 
Research and development costs associated with new products or enhancements are charged to expenses from operations as incurred.
 
 
(q)
Net Income Per Common Share
 
Basic net income per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average of common and potential dilutive common shares outstanding during the year.
 
 
(r)
Share-Based Compensation
 
Share-based compensation expense is calculated and recognized primarily on a straight-line basis over the vesting periods of the related share-based reward. We generally provide for the vesting of stock options in equal annual installments over a four-year period commencing on the one-year anniversary of the date of grant, or over a one-year period with one-fourth of the underlying shares vesting at the end of each three-month period following the grant date.
 
The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model (Black-Scholes). We use historical data to estimate the expected price volatility, expected option life and expected forfeiture rate. We base our estimate of expected volatility for awards granted in 2015
, 2014
and 2013
on daily historical trading data of its common stock for a period equivalent to the expected term of the award. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for the estimated life of the option. We estimated the expected term consistent with historical exercise and cancellation activity of its previous share-based grants with a seven-year contractual term. Forfeitures were based on historical experience. The dividend yield is calculated based upon the dividend payments made during the prior four quarters as a percent of the average share price for that period. See Note 9 for additional information on share-based compensation.