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Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Entergy Corporation and its subsidiaries.  As required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, all intercompany transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.  Entergy’s Registrant Subsidiaries (Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy) also include their separate financial statements in this Form 10-K.  The Registrant Subsidiaries and many other Entergy subsidiaries maintain accounts in accordance with FERC and other regulatory guidelines.  

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements

In conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, the preparation of Entergy Corporation’s consolidated financial statements and the separate financial statements of the Registrant Subsidiaries requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.  Adjustments to the reported amounts of assets and liabilities may be necessary in the future to the extent that future estimates or actual results are different from the estimates used.

Revenues and Fuel Costs

Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy Texas generate, transmit, and distribute electric power primarily to retail customers in Arkansas, Louisiana, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas, respectively.  Entergy Gulf States Louisiana also distributes natural gas to retail customers in and around Baton Rouge, Louisiana.  Entergy New Orleans sells both electric power and natural gas to retail customers in the City of New Orleans, except for Algiers, where Entergy Louisiana is the electric power supplier.  The Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment derives almost all of its revenue from sales of electric power generated by plants owned by subsidiaries in that segment.

Entergy recognizes revenue from electric power and natural gas sales when power or gas is delivered to customers.  To the extent that deliveries have occurred but a bill has not been issued, Entergy’s Utility operating companies accrue an estimate of the revenues for energy delivered since the latest billings.  The Utility operating companies calculate the estimate based upon several factors including billings through the last billing cycle in a month, actual generation in the month, historical line loss factors, and prices in effect in Entergy’s Utility operating companies’ various jurisdictions.  Changes are made to the inputs in the estimate as needed to reflect changes in billing practices.  Each month the estimated unbilled revenue amounts are recorded as revenue and unbilled accounts receivable, and the prior month’s estimate is reversed.  Therefore, changes in price and volume differences resulting from factors such as weather affect the calculation of unbilled revenues from one period to the next, and may result in variability in reported revenues from one period to the next as prior estimates are reversed and new estimates recorded.

Entergy records revenue from sales under rates implemented subject to refund less estimated amounts accrued for probable refunds when Entergy believes it is probable that revenues will be refunded to customers based upon the status of the rate proceeding as of the date the financial statements are prepared.

Entergy’s Utility operating companies’ rate schedules include either fuel adjustment clauses or fixed fuel factors, which allow either current recovery in billings to customers or deferral of fuel costs until the costs are billed to customers.  Where the fuel component of revenues is billed based on a pre-determined fuel cost (fixed fuel factor), the fuel factor remains in effect until changed as part of a general rate case, fuel reconciliation, or fixed fuel factor filing. System Energy’s operating revenues are intended to recover from Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans operating expenses and capital costs attributable to Grand Gulf.  The capital costs are computed by allowing a return on System Energy’s common equity funds allocable to its net investment in Grand Gulf, plus System Energy’s effective interest cost for its debt allocable to its investment in Grand Gulf.

Accounting for MISO transactions

In December 2013, Entergy joined MISO, a regional transmission organization that maintains functional control over the combined transmission systems of its members and manages one of the largest energy markets in the U.S. In the MISO market, Entergy offers its generation and bids its load into the market on an hourly basis. MISO settles these hourly offers and bids based on locational marginal prices, which is pricing for energy at a given location based on a market clearing price that takes into account physical limitations on the transmission system, generation, and demand throughout the MISO region. MISO evaluates the market participants’ energy offers and demand bids to economically and reliably dispatch the entire MISO system. Entergy nets purchases and sales within the MISO market on an hourly basis and reports in operating revenues when in a net selling position and in operating expenses when in a net purchasing position.  

Property, Plant, and Equipment

Property, plant, and equipment is stated at original cost.  Depreciation is computed on the straight-line basis at rates based on the applicable estimated service lives of the various classes of property. For the Registrant Subsidiaries, the original cost of plant retired or removed, less salvage, is charged to accumulated depreciation.  Normal maintenance, repairs, and minor replacement costs are charged to operating expenses.  Substantially all of the Registrant Subsidiaries’ plant is subject to mortgage liens.

Electric plant includes the portions of Grand Gulf and Waterford 3 that have been sold and leased back.  For financial reporting purposes, these sale and leaseback arrangements are reflected as financing transactions.

Net property, plant, and equipment for Entergy (including property under capital lease and associated accumulated amortization) by business segment and functional category, as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, is shown below:
2014
 
 
Entergy
 
 
Utility
 
Entergy
Wholesale
Commodities
 
Parent &
Other
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Nuclear
 

$9,639

 

$6,586

 

$3,053

 

$—

Other
 
3,425

 
3,067

 
358

 

Transmission
 
4,197

 
4,164

 
33

 

Distribution
 
6,973

 
6,973

 

 

Other
 
1,521

 
1,373

 
145

 
3

Construction work in progress
 
1,426

 
969

 
456

 
1

Nuclear fuel
 
1,542

 
840

 
702

 

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$28,723

 

$23,972

 

$4,747

 

$4


2013
 
 
Entergy
 
 
Utility
 
Entergy
Wholesale
Commodities
 
Parent &
Other
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Nuclear
 

$9,667

 

$6,601

 

$3,066

 

$—

Other
 
2,836

 
2,465

 
371

 

Transmission
 
3,929

 
3,894

 
35

 

Distribution
 
6,716

 
6,716

 

 

Other
 
1,652

 
1,475

 
174

 
3

Construction work in progress
 
1,515

 
1,217

 
298

 

Nuclear fuel
 
1,567

 
855

 
712

 

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$27,882

 

$23,223

 

$4,656

 

$3



Depreciation rates on average depreciable property for Entergy approximated 2.8% in 2014, 2.6% in 2013, and 2.5% in 2012.  Included in these rates are the depreciation rates on average depreciable Utility property of 2.5% in 2014, 2.5% in 2013, and 2.4% 2012, and the depreciation rates on average depreciable Entergy Wholesale Commodities property of 5.5% in 2014, 4.1% in 2013, and 3.5% in 2012. The increase in 2014 for Entergy Wholesale Commodities resulted from implementation of a new depreciation study.

Entergy amortizes nuclear fuel using a units-of-production method.  Nuclear fuel amortization is included in fuel expense in the income statements.

“Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation)” for Entergy is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $185.5 million and $203 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Construction expenditures included in accounts payable is $209 million and $166 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Net property, plant, and equipment for the Registrant Subsidiaries (including property under capital lease and associated accumulated amortization) by company and functional category, as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, is shown below:
2014
 
Entergy
Arkansas
 
Entergy
Gulf States
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Mississippi
 
Entergy
New Orleans
 
Entergy
Texas
 
System
Energy
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nuclear
 

$1,097

 

$1,403

 

$2,151

 

$—

 

$—

 

$—

 

$1,935

Other
 
593

 
282

 
1,279

 
526

 
(11
)
 
399

 

Transmission
 
1,166

 
711

 
859

 
642

 
44

 
695

 
48

Distribution
 
1,928

 
1,004

 
1,443

 
1,125

 
357

 
1,116

 

Other
 
164

 
173

 
287

 
194

 
181

 
98

 
17

Construction work in progress
 
284

 
127

 
242

 
68

 
19

 
125

 
50

Nuclear fuel
 
294

 
132

 
163

 

 

 

 
251

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$5,526

 

$3,832

 

$6,424

 

$2,555

 

$590

 

$2,433

 

$2,301


2013
 
Entergy
Arkansas
 
Entergy
Gulf States
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Mississippi
 
Entergy
New Orleans
 
Entergy
Texas
 
System
Energy
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nuclear
 

$1,047

 

$1,422

 

$2,202

 

$—

 

$—

 

$—

 

$1,930

Other
 
609

 
271

 
684

 
537

 
(7
)
 
371

 

Transmission
 
1,086

 
646

 
770

 
638

 
31

 
673

 
49

Distribution
 
1,831

 
950

 
1,420

 
1,096

 
340

 
1,079

 

Other
 
192

 
184

 
292

 
197

 
181

 
106

 
17

Construction work in progress
 
209

 
105

 
673

 
37

 
29

 
95

 
29

Nuclear fuel
 
322

 
197

 
147

 

 

 

 
189

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$5,296

 

$3,775

 

$6,188

 

$2,505

 

$574

 

$2,324

 

$2,214



Depreciation rates on average depreciable property for the Registrant Subsidiaries are shown below:
 
 
Entergy
Arkansas
 
Entergy
Gulf States
Louisiana
 
 
Entergy
Louisiana
 
 
Entergy
Mississippi
 
Entergy
New Orleans
 
 
Entergy
Texas
 
 
System
Energy
2014
2.4%
 
1.8%
 
2.5%
 
2.6%
 
3.1%
 
2.5%
 
3.0%
2013
2.5%
 
1.8%
 
2.5%
 
2.6%
 
3.0%
 
2.5%
 
2.8%
2012
2.5%
 
1.8%
 
2.4%
 
2.6%
 
3.0%
 
2.4%
 
2.8%


Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Gulf States Louisiana is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $151 million and $146 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.  Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Louisiana is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $3.2 million and $3 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Mississippi is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $2.2 million and $2.1 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.  Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Texas is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $10.4 million and $10.4 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

As of December 31, 2014, construction expenditures included in accounts payable are $37.3 million for Entergy Arkansas, $23.4 million for Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, $48 million for Entergy Louisiana, $7.8 million for Entergy Mississippi, $0.9 million for Entergy New Orleans, $24.1 million for Entergy Texas, and $7.7 million for System Energy.  As of December 31, 2013, construction expenditures included in accounts payable are $61.9 million for Entergy Arkansas, $13.1 million for Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, $31.1 million for Entergy Louisiana, $2.8 million for Entergy Mississippi, $1.7 million for Entergy New Orleans, $10.9 million for Entergy Texas, and $6.7 million for System Energy.

Jointly-Owned Generating Stations

Certain Entergy subsidiaries jointly own electric generating facilities with affiliates or third parties.  The investments and expenses associated with these generating stations are recorded by the Entergy subsidiaries to the extent of their respective undivided ownership interests.  As of December 31, 2014, the subsidiaries’ investment and accumulated depreciation in each of these generating stations were as follows:



Generating Stations
 
 
 
Fuel-Type
 
Total
Megawatt
Capability (a)
 
 
 
Ownership
 
 
 
 
Investment
 
 
Accumulated
Depreciation
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(In Millions)
Utility business:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Entergy Arkansas -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Independence
 
Unit 1
 
Coal
 
839

 
31.50
%
 
 

$129

 

$98

 
 
Common Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
15.75
%
 
 

$34

 

$26

  White Bluff
 
Units 1 and 2
 
Coal
 
1,637

 
57.00
%
 
 

$503

 

$355

  Ouachita (b)
 
Common
Facilities
 
Gas
 
 
 
66.67
%
 
 

$169

 

$145

Entergy Gulf States
Louisiana -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6
 
Coal
 
537

 
40.25
%
 
 

$261

 

$181

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6 Common
Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
17.70
%
 
 

$10

 

$4

  Big Cajun 2
 
Unit 3
 
Coal
 
594

 
24.15
%
 
 

$149

 

$105

  Ouachita (b)
 
Common
Facilities
 
Gas
 
 
 
33.33
%
 
 

$87

 

$74

Entergy Louisiana -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Acadia
 
Common
Facilities
 
Gas
 
 
 
50.00
%
 
 

$19

 

$—

Entergy Mississippi -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Independence
 
Units 1 and 2
and Common
Facilities
 
Coal
 
1,681

 
25.00
%
 
 

$251

 

$149

Entergy Texas -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6
 
Coal
 
537

 
29.75
%
 
 

$188

 

$115

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6 Common
Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
13.07
%
 
 

$6

 

$2

  Big Cajun 2
 
Unit 3
 
Coal
 
594

 
17.85
%
 
 

$112

 

$72

System Energy -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Grand Gulf
 
Unit 1
 
Nuclear
 
1,409

 
90.00
%
(c)
 

$4,819

 

$2,820

Entergy Wholesale
Commodities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Independence
 
Unit 2
 
Coal
 
842

 
14.37
%
 
 

$69

 

$46

  Independence
 
Common  
Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
7.18
%
 
 

$16

 

$11

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6
 
Coal
 
537

 
10.9
%
 
 

$107

 

$57

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6 Common Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
4.79
%
 
 

$2

 

$1


(a)
“Total Megawatt Capability” is the dependable load carrying capability as demonstrated under actual operating conditions based on the primary fuel (assuming no curtailments) that each station was designed to utilize.
(b)
Ouachita Units 1 and 2 are owned 100% by Entergy Arkansas and Ouachita Unit 3 is owned 100% by Entergy Gulf States Louisiana.  The investment and accumulated depreciation numbers above are only for the common facilities and not for the generating units.
(c)
Includes a leasehold interest held by System Energy.  System Energy’s Grand Gulf lease obligations are discussed in Note 10 to the financial statements.

Nuclear Refueling Outage Costs

Nuclear refueling outage costs are deferred during the outage and amortized over the estimated period to the next outage because these refueling outage expenses are incurred to prepare the units to operate for the next operating cycle without having to be taken off line.

Allowance for Funds Used During Construction (AFUDC)

AFUDC represents the approximate net composite interest cost of borrowed funds and a reasonable return on the equity funds used for construction by the Registrant Subsidiaries.  AFUDC increases both the plant balance and earnings and is realized in cash through depreciation provisions included in the rates charged to customers.

Income Taxes

Entergy Corporation and the majority of its subsidiaries file a United States consolidated federal income tax return.  Each tax-paying entity records income taxes as if it were a separate taxpayer and consolidating adjustments are allocated to the tax filing entities in accordance with Entergy’s intercompany income tax allocation agreement.  Deferred income taxes are recorded for temporary differences between the book and tax basis of assets and liabilities, and for certain losses and credits available for carryforward.

Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates in the period in which the tax or rate was enacted.

The benefits of investment tax credits are deferred and amortized over the average useful life of the related property, as a reduction of income tax expense, for such credits associated with regulated operations in accordance with ratemaking treatment.

Earnings per Share

The following table presents Entergy’s basic and diluted earnings per share calculation included on the consolidated statements of income:
 
For the Years Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
(In Millions, Except Per Share Data)
 
 
 
$/share
 
 
 
$/share
 
 
 
$/share
Net income attributable to Entergy Corporation

$940.7

 
 

 

$711.9

 
 

 

$846.7

 
 

Basic earnings per average common share
179.5

 

$5.24

 
178.2

 

$3.99

 
177.3

 

$4.77

Average dilutive effect of:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Stock options
0.3

 
(0.01
)
 
0.1

 

 
0.3

 
(0.01
)
Other equity plans
0.5

 
(0.01
)
 
0.3

 

 
0.1

 

Diluted earnings per average common shares
180.3

 

$5.22

 
178.6

 

$3.99

 
177.7

 

$4.76


The calculation of diluted earnings per share excluded 5,743,013 options outstanding at December 31, 2014, 8,866,542 options outstanding at December 31, 2013, and 7,164,319 options outstanding at December 31, 2012 that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future.  Those options were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the exercise price of those options exceeded the average market price for the year.

Stock-based Compensation Plans

Entergy grants stock options, restricted stock, performance units, and restricted liability awards to key employees of the Entergy subsidiaries under its Equity Ownership Plans, which are shareholder-approved stock-based compensation plans.  These plans are described more fully in Note 12 to the financial statements.  The cost of the stock-based compensation is charged to income over the vesting period.  Awards under Entergy’s plans generally vest over 3 years.

Accounting for the Effects of Regulation

Entergy’s Utility operating companies and System Energy are rate-regulated enterprises whose rates meet three criteria specified in accounting standards.  The Utility operating companies and System Energy have rates that (i) are approved by a body (its regulator) empowered to set rates that bind customers; (ii) are cost-based; and (iii) can be charged to and collected from customers.  These criteria may also be applied to separable portions of a utility’s business, such as the generation or transmission functions, or to specific classes of customers.  Because the Utility operating companies and System Energy meet these criteria, each of them capitalizes costs that would otherwise be charged to expense if the rate actions of its regulator make it probable that those costs will be recovered in future revenue.  Such capitalized costs are reflected as regulatory assets in the accompanying financial statements.  When an enterprise concludes that recovery of a regulatory asset is no longer probable, the regulatory asset must be removed from the entity’s balance sheet.

An enterprise that ceases to meet the three criteria for all or part of its operations should report that event in its financial statements.  In general, the enterprise no longer meeting the criteria should eliminate from its balance sheet all regulatory assets and liabilities related to the applicable operations.  Additionally, if it is determined that a regulated enterprise is no longer recovering all of its costs, it is possible that an impairment may exist that could require further write-offs of plant assets.

Entergy Gulf States Louisiana does not apply regulatory accounting standards to the Louisiana retail deregulated portion of River Bend, the 30% interest in River Bend formerly owned by Cajun, and its steam business, unless specific cost recovery is provided for in tariff rates.  The Louisiana retail deregulated portion of River Bend is operated under a deregulated asset plan representing a portion (approximately 15%) of River Bend plant costs, generation, revenues, and expenses established under a 1992 LPSC order.  The plan allows Entergy Gulf States Louisiana to sell the electricity from the deregulated assets to Louisiana retail customers at 4.6 cents per kWh or off-system at higher prices, with certain provisions for sharing incremental revenue above 4.6 cents per kWh between customers and shareholders.

Regulatory Asset for Income Taxes

Accounting standards for income taxes provide that a regulatory asset or liability be recorded if it is probable that the currently determinable future increase or decrease in regulatory income tax expense will be recovered from or reimbursed to customers through future rates. The primary source of Entergy’s regulatory asset for income taxes is related to the ratemaking treatment of the tax effects of book depreciation for the equity component of AFUDC that has been capitalized to property, plant, and equipment but for which there is no corresponding tax basis. Equity-AFUDC is a component of property, plant, and equipment that is included in rate base when the plant is placed in service.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Entergy considers all unrestricted highly liquid debt instruments with an original maturity of three months or less at date of purchase to be cash equivalents.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects Entergy’s best estimate of losses on the accounts receivable balances.  The allowance is based on accounts receivable agings, historical experience, and other currently available evidence.  Utility operating company customer accounts receivable are written off consistent with approved regulatory requirements.

Investments

Entergy records decommissioning trust funds on the balance sheet at their fair value.  Because of the ability of the Registrant Subsidiaries to recover decommissioning costs in rates and in accordance with the regulatory treatment for decommissioning trust funds, the Registrant Subsidiaries record an offsetting amount in other regulatory liabilities/assets for the unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities.  For the 30% interest in River Bend formerly owned by Cajun, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana has recorded an offsetting amount in other deferred credits for the unrealized gains/(losses).  Decommissioning trust funds for Pilgrim, Indian Point 2, Vermont Yankee, and Palisades do not meet the criteria for regulatory accounting treatment.  Accordingly, unrealized gains recorded on the assets in these trust funds are recognized in the accumulated other comprehensive income component of equity because these assets are classified as available for sale.  Unrealized losses (where cost exceeds fair market value) on the assets in these trust funds are also recorded in the accumulated other comprehensive income component of equity unless the unrealized loss is other than temporary and therefore recorded in earnings.  The assessment of whether an investment in a debt security has suffered an other-than-temporary impairment is based on whether Entergy has the intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized costs.  Further, if Entergy does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the debt security, an other-than-temporary impairment is considered to have occurred and it is measured by the present value of cash flows expected to be collected less the amortized cost basis (credit loss).  The assessment of whether an investment in an equity security has suffered an other-than-temporary impairment is based on a number of factors including, first, whether Entergy has the ability and intent to hold the investment to recover its value, the duration and severity of any losses, and, then, whether it is expected that the investment will recover its value within a reasonable period of time.  Entergy’s trusts are managed by third parties who operate in accordance with agreements that define investment guidelines and place restrictions on the purchases and sales of investments.  See Note 17 to the financial statements for details on the decommissioning trust funds.

Equity Method Investments

Entergy owns investments that are accounted for under the equity method of accounting because Entergy’s ownership level results in significant influence, but not control, over the investee and its operations.  Entergy records its share of the investee's comprehensive earnings and losses in income and as an increase or decrease to the investment account. Any cash distributions are charged against the investment account. Entergy discontinues the recognition of losses on equity investments when its share of losses equals or exceeds its carrying amount for an investee plus any advances made or commitments to provide additional financial support.  See Note 14 to the financial statements for additional information regarding Entergy’s equity method investments.

Derivative Financial Instruments and Commodity Derivatives

The accounting standards for derivative instruments and hedging activities require that all derivatives be recognized at fair value on the balance sheet, either as assets or liabilities, unless they meet various exceptions including the normal purchase, normal sales criteria.  The changes in the fair value of recognized derivatives are recorded each period in current earnings or other comprehensive income, depending on whether a derivative is designated as part of a hedge transaction and the type of hedge transaction. Due to regulatory treatment, an offsetting regulatory asset or liability is recorded for changes in fair value of recognized derivatives for the Registrant Subsidiaries.

Contracts for commodities that will be physically delivered in quantities expected to be used or sold in the ordinary course of business, including certain purchases and sales of power and fuel, meet the normal purchase, normal sales criteria and are not recognized on the balance sheet.  Revenues and expenses from these contracts are reported on a gross basis in the appropriate revenue and expense categories as the commodities are received or delivered.

For other contracts for commodities in which Entergy is hedging the variability of cash flows related to a variable-rate asset, liability, or forecasted transactions that qualify as cash flow hedges, the changes in the fair value of such derivative instruments are reported in other comprehensive income.  To qualify for hedge accounting, the relationship between the hedging instrument and the hedged item must be documented to include the risk management objective and strategy and, at inception and on an ongoing basis, the effectiveness of the hedge in offsetting the changes in the cash flows of the item being hedged.  Gains or losses accumulated in other comprehensive income are reclassified to earnings in the periods when the underlying transactions actually occur.  The ineffective portions of all hedges are recognized in current-period earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments that are not designated as cash flow hedges are recorded in current-period earnings on a mark-to-market basis.

Entergy has determined that contracts to purchase uranium do not meet the definition of a derivative under the accounting standards for derivative instruments because they do not provide for net settlement and the uranium markets are not sufficiently liquid to conclude that forward contracts are readily convertible to cash.  If the uranium markets do become sufficiently liquid in the future and Entergy begins to account for uranium purchase contracts as derivative instruments, the fair value of these contracts would be accounted for consistent with Entergy’s other derivative instruments.

Fair Values

The estimated fair values of Entergy’s financial instruments and derivatives are determined using bid prices, market quotes, and financial modeling.  Considerable judgment is required in developing the estimates of fair value.  Therefore, estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that Entergy could realize in a current market exchange.  Gains or losses realized on financial instruments held by regulated businesses may be reflected in future rates and therefore do not accrue to the benefit or detriment of stockholders.  Entergy considers the carrying amounts of most financial instruments classified as current assets and liabilities to be a reasonable estimate of their fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.  See Note 16 to the financial statements for further discussion of fair value.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Entergy periodically reviews long-lived assets held in all of its business segments whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that recoverability of these assets is uncertain.  Generally, the determination of recoverability is based on the undiscounted net cash flows expected to result from such operations and assets.  Projected net cash flows depend on the future operating costs associated with the assets, the efficiency and availability of the assets and generating units, and the future market and price for energy over the remaining life of the assets.

Two nuclear power plants in the Entergy Wholesale Commodities business segment (Indian Point 2 and Indian Point 3) have an application pending for renewed NRC licenses.  Various parties have expressed opposition to renewal of the licenses.  Under federal law, nuclear power plants may continue to operate beyond their original license expiration dates while their timely filed renewal applications are pending NRC approval.  On September 28, 2013, Indian Point 2 reached the expiration date of its original NRC operating license and entered into the period of extended operation under the timely renewal rule. In December 2015, Indian Point 3 will reach the expiration date of its original NRC operations license and, similarly, will enter the period of extended operation under the timely renewal rule if its license is not renewed before then. If the NRC does not renew the operating license for either of these plants, the plant’s operating life could be shortened, reducing its projected net cash flows and potentially impairing its value as an asset.

In March 2011 the NRC renewed Vermont Yankee’s operating license for an additional 20 years.  The renewed operating license expires in March 2032. Vermont Yankee operated under a Certificate of Public Good from the State of Vermont that was scheduled to expire in March 2012, but had an amended petition pending before the Vermont Public Service Board (VPSB) for a renewed Certificate of Public Good to operate until March 2032.  

In June 2013 the VPSB completed hearings on Entergy’s amended petition for a Certificate of Public Good to continuing operating Vermont Yankee. In August 2013, Entergy announced that it planned to close Vermont Yankee at the end of 2014 and that same day filed a second amended petition seeking authorization to operate the plant only until that date. In December 2013, Entergy and Vermont entered into a settlement agreement, with an accompanying memorandum of understanding that was filed with the VPSB, under which Vermont agreed to support Entergy’s request to operate Vermont Yankee until the end of 2014. The settlement agreement provided for Entergy to make $10 million in economic transition payments, $5 million in clean energy development support, and a transitional $5 million payment to Vermont. The settlement agreement also provided for Entergy to set aside a new $25 million fund to ensure the Vermont Yankee site is restored after decommissioning. These terms were contingent upon the VPSB issuing by March 31, 2014 a Certificate of Public Good authorizing Vermont Yankee’s operation through 2014, and otherwise conforming to the terms of the settlement agreement. The settlement agreement also provided for the dismissal or discontinuation of other litigation between Entergy and Vermont. On March 28, 2014, the VPSB approved the memorandum of understanding and issued a Certificate of Public Good authorizing Vermont Yankee to operate until December 31, 2014.  In May 2014 the VPSB denied a motion that had been filed by one of the intervenors to amend its approval order. Pursuant to its commitment in the settlement agreement, Entergy Vermont Yankee provided to the Vermont parties in October 2014, a site assessment study of the costs and tasks of radiological decommissioning, spent nuclear fuel management, and site restoration of Vermont Yankee.  Entergy Vermont Yankee also filed its Post-Shutdown Decommissioning Activities Report (PSDAR) for Vermont Yankee with the NRC in December 2014.

Because of the uncertainty regarding the continued operation of Vermont Yankee, Entergy tested the recoverability of the plant and related assets in each quarter since the first quarter 2010 after a bill to approve the continued operation of Vermont Yankee was defeated in the Vermont legislature. Vermont law at that time required legislative approval of Vermont Yankee’s continued operation although that law was later invalidated by the U.S. federal courts as preempted by the Atomic Energy Act.  The determination of recoverability is based on the probability-weighted undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the plant and related assets.  Projected net cash flows primarily depend on the status of the pending legal and state regulatory matters, as well as projections of future revenues and expenses over the remaining life of the plant.  Prior to the first quarter 2012, the probability-weighted undiscounted net cash flows exceeded the carrying value of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets.  The decline, however, in the overall energy market and the projected forward prices of power as of March 31, 2012, which are significant inputs in the determination of net cash flows, resulted in the probability-weighted undiscounted future cash flows being less than the asset group’s carrying value.  Entergy performed a fair value analysis based on the income approach, a discounted cash flow method, to determine the amount of impairment. The estimated fair value of the plant and related assets at March 31, 2012 was $162 million, while the carrying value was $517.5 million.  Therefore, the assets were written down to their fair value and an impairment charge of $355.5 million ($223.5 million after-tax) was recognized.  The impairment charge was recorded as a separate line item in Entergy’s consolidated statement of income for 2012, and is included within the results of the Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment.

The estimate of fair value was based on the price that Entergy would expect to receive in a hypothetical sale of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets to a market participant on March 31, 2012. In order to determine this price, Entergy used significant observable inputs, including quoted forward power and gas prices, where available. Significant unobservable inputs, such as projected long-term pre-tax operating margins (cash basis), and estimated weighted average costs of capital were also used in the estimation of fair value. In addition, Entergy made certain assumptions regarding future tax deductions associated with the plant and related assets. Based on the use of significant unobservable inputs, the fair value measurement for the entirety of the asset group, and for each type of asset within the asset group, is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy discussed in Note 16 to the financial statements.

The following table sets forth a description of significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets as of March 31, 2012:
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Range
 
Weighted Average
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average cost of capital
 
7.5%-8.0%
 
7.8%
Long-term pre-tax operating margin (cash basis)
 
6.1%-7.8%
 
7.2%


On August 27, 2013, Entergy announced its plan to close and decommission Vermont Yankee at the end of its fuel cycle at the end of 2014. This decision was approved by the Board in August 2013, although the exact date of shutdown was not determined. The decision to shut down the plant was primarily due to sustained low natural gas and wholesale energy prices, the high cost structure of the plant, and lack of a market structure that adequately compensates merchant nuclear plants for their environmental and fuel diversity benefits in the region in which the plant operates.

As a result of the decision to shut down the plant, Entergy recognized non-cash impairment and other related charges of $291.5 million ($183.7 million after-tax) during the third quarter 2013 to write down the carrying value of Vermont Yankee and related assets to their fair values. Entergy performed a fair value analysis based on the income approach, a discounted cash flow method, to determine the amount of impairment. The estimated fair value of the plant and related assets was $62 million, while the carrying value was $349 million. The carrying value of $349 million reflected the effect of a $58 million increase in Vermont Yankee’s estimated decommissioning cost liability and the related asset retirement cost asset. The increase in the estimated decommissioning cost liability resulted from the change in expectation regarding the timing of decommissioning cash flows due to the decision to cease operations. Impairment and other related charges were recorded as a separate line item in Entergy’s consolidated statements of income for 2013 and this impairment charge is included within the results of the Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment.

The estimate of fair value was based on the price that Entergy would expect to receive in a hypothetical sale of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets to a market participant.  In order to determine this price, Entergy used significant observable inputs, including quoted forward power and gas prices, where available.  Significant unobservable inputs, such as projected long-term pre-tax operating margins (cash basis), and estimated weighted average costs of capital were also used in the estimation of fair value.  In addition, Entergy made certain assumptions regarding future tax deductions associated with the plant and related assets.  Based on the use of significant unobservable inputs, the fair value measurement for the entirety of the asset group, and for each type of asset within the asset group, is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy discussed in Note 16 to the financial statements.

The following table sets forth a description of significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets as of July 31, 2013:
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Amount
 
 
 
Weighted average cost of capital
 
7.5%
Long-term pre-tax operating margin (cash basis)
 
7.0%


Entergy’s Accounting Policy group, which reports to the Chief Accounting Officer, was primarily responsible for determining the valuation of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets, in consultation with external advisors.  Accounting Policy obtained and reviewed information from other Entergy departments with expertise on the various inputs and assumptions that were necessary to calculate the fair value of the asset group.

As a result of the settlement agreement entered into by Entergy and Vermont regarding the remaining operation and decommissioning of Vermont Yankee discussed above, Entergy reassessed its assumptions regarding the timing of decommissioning cash flows for Vermont Yankee. The reassessment resulted in a $27.2 million increase in the decommissioning cost liability and a corresponding impairment charge, recorded in December 2013. As part of the development of the site assessment study and PSDAR, Entergy obtained a revised decommissioning cost study in the third quarter 2014. The revised estimate, along with reassessment of the assumptions regarding the timing of decommissioning cash flows, resulted in a $101.6 million increase in the decommissioning cost liability and a corresponding impairment charge, recorded in September 2014. Impairment charges are recorded as a separate line item in Entergy’s consolidated statements of income for 2014 and 2013, and this impairment charge is included within the results of the Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment.

In addition to the $101.6 million impairment charge in September 2014 and depreciation recorded on the remaining plant balance in 2014, Entergy also recorded charges of $45.8 million related to severance and employee retention costs in 2014 relating to the shutdown of Vermont Yankee.

Vermont Yankee ceased operation in December 2014. In January 2015, Vermont Yankee completed the defueling of the reactor and submitted the certification of permanent cessation of operations and permanent removal of fuel from the reactor vessel to the NRC.

River Bend AFUDC

The River Bend AFUDC gross-up is a regulatory asset that represents the incremental difference imputed by the LPSC between the AFUDC actually recorded by Entergy Gulf States Louisiana on a net-of-tax basis during the construction of River Bend and what the AFUDC would have been on a pre-tax basis.  The imputed amount was only calculated on that portion of River Bend that the LPSC allowed in rate base and is being amortized through August 2025.

Reacquired Debt

The premiums and costs associated with reacquired debt of Entergy’s Utility operating companies and System Energy (except that portion allocable to the deregulated operations of Entergy Gulf States Louisiana) are included in regulatory assets and are being amortized over the life of the related new issuances, or over the life of the original debt issuance if the debt is not refinanced, in accordance with ratemaking treatment.

Taxes Imposed on Revenue-Producing Transactions

Governmental authorities assess taxes that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction between a seller and a customer, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added, and some excise taxes.  Entergy presents these taxes on a net basis, excluding them from revenues, unless required to report them differently by a regulatory authority.

Presentation of Preferred Stock without Sinking Fund

Accounting standards regarding non-controlling interests and the classification and measurement of redeemable securities require the classification of preferred securities between liabilities and shareholders’ equity on the balance sheet if the holders of those securities have protective rights that allow them to gain control of the board of directors in certain circumstances.  These rights would have the effect of giving the holders the ability to potentially redeem their securities, even if the likelihood of occurrence of these circumstances is considered remote.  The Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans articles of incorporation provide, generally, that the holders of each company’s preferred securities may elect a majority of the respective company’s board of directors if dividends are not paid for a year, until such time as the dividends in arrears are paid.  Therefore, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans present their preferred securities outstanding between liabilities and shareholders’ equity on the balance sheet.  Entergy Gulf States Louisiana and Entergy Louisiana, both organized as limited liability companies, have outstanding preferred securities with similar protective rights with respect to unpaid dividends, but provide for the election of board members that would not constitute a majority of the board; and their preferred securities are therefore classified for all periods presented as a component of members’ equity.

The outstanding preferred securities of Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, and Entergy Finance Holding (an Entergy Wholesale Commodities subsidiary), whose preferred holders also have protective rights, are similarly presented between liabilities and equity on Entergy’s consolidated balance sheets and the outstanding preferred securities of Entergy Gulf States Louisiana and Entergy Louisiana are presented within total equity in Entergy’s consolidated balance sheets.  The preferred dividends or distributions paid by all subsidiaries are reflected for all periods presented outside of consolidated net income.

New Accounting Pronouncements

The accounting standard-setting process, including projects between the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) to converge U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards, is ongoing and the FASB and the IASB are each currently working on several projects.  Final pronouncements that result from these projects could have a material effect on Entergy’s future net income, financial position, or cash flows.

In April 2014 the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-08, “Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205) and Property Plant, and Equipment (Topic 360): Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity” which changes the requirements for reporting discontinued operations. The ASU states that a disposal of a component of an entity or a group of components of an entity is required to be reported in discontinued operations if the disposal represents a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results when the component of an entity or group of components of an entity meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale, is disposed of by sale, or is disposed of other than by sale. The amendments in this ASU also require additional disclosures about discontinued operations. ASU 2014-08 is effective for Entergy for the first quarter 2015. Entergy does not currently expect ASU 2014-08 to affect materially its results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

In May 2014 the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” The ASU’s core principle is that “an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.” The ASU details a five-step model that should be followed to achieve the core principle. ASU 2014-09 is effective for Entergy for the first quarter 2017. Entergy does not expect ASU 2014-09 to affect materially its results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

In November 2014 the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-16, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Determining Whether the Host Contract in a Hybrid Financial Instrument Issued in the Form of a Share Is More Akin to Debt or to Equity.” The ASU states that for hybrid financial instruments issued in the form of a share, an entity should determine the nature of the host contract by considering all stated and implied substantive terms and features of the hybrid financial instrument, weighing each term and feature on the basis of relevant facts and circumstances. ASU 2014-16 is effective for Entergy for the first quarter 2016. Entergy does not expect ASU 2014-16 to affect materially its results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.
Entergy Arkansas [Member]  
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Entergy Corporation and its subsidiaries.  As required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, all intercompany transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.  Entergy’s Registrant Subsidiaries (Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy) also include their separate financial statements in this Form 10-K.  The Registrant Subsidiaries and many other Entergy subsidiaries maintain accounts in accordance with FERC and other regulatory guidelines.  

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements

In conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, the preparation of Entergy Corporation’s consolidated financial statements and the separate financial statements of the Registrant Subsidiaries requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.  Adjustments to the reported amounts of assets and liabilities may be necessary in the future to the extent that future estimates or actual results are different from the estimates used.

Revenues and Fuel Costs

Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy Texas generate, transmit, and distribute electric power primarily to retail customers in Arkansas, Louisiana, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas, respectively.  Entergy Gulf States Louisiana also distributes natural gas to retail customers in and around Baton Rouge, Louisiana.  Entergy New Orleans sells both electric power and natural gas to retail customers in the City of New Orleans, except for Algiers, where Entergy Louisiana is the electric power supplier.  The Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment derives almost all of its revenue from sales of electric power generated by plants owned by subsidiaries in that segment.

Entergy recognizes revenue from electric power and natural gas sales when power or gas is delivered to customers.  To the extent that deliveries have occurred but a bill has not been issued, Entergy’s Utility operating companies accrue an estimate of the revenues for energy delivered since the latest billings.  The Utility operating companies calculate the estimate based upon several factors including billings through the last billing cycle in a month, actual generation in the month, historical line loss factors, and prices in effect in Entergy’s Utility operating companies’ various jurisdictions.  Changes are made to the inputs in the estimate as needed to reflect changes in billing practices.  Each month the estimated unbilled revenue amounts are recorded as revenue and unbilled accounts receivable, and the prior month’s estimate is reversed.  Therefore, changes in price and volume differences resulting from factors such as weather affect the calculation of unbilled revenues from one period to the next, and may result in variability in reported revenues from one period to the next as prior estimates are reversed and new estimates recorded.

Entergy records revenue from sales under rates implemented subject to refund less estimated amounts accrued for probable refunds when Entergy believes it is probable that revenues will be refunded to customers based upon the status of the rate proceeding as of the date the financial statements are prepared.

Entergy’s Utility operating companies’ rate schedules include either fuel adjustment clauses or fixed fuel factors, which allow either current recovery in billings to customers or deferral of fuel costs until the costs are billed to customers.  Where the fuel component of revenues is billed based on a pre-determined fuel cost (fixed fuel factor), the fuel factor remains in effect until changed as part of a general rate case, fuel reconciliation, or fixed fuel factor filing. System Energy’s operating revenues are intended to recover from Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans operating expenses and capital costs attributable to Grand Gulf.  The capital costs are computed by allowing a return on System Energy’s common equity funds allocable to its net investment in Grand Gulf, plus System Energy’s effective interest cost for its debt allocable to its investment in Grand Gulf.

Accounting for MISO transactions

In December 2013, Entergy joined MISO, a regional transmission organization that maintains functional control over the combined transmission systems of its members and manages one of the largest energy markets in the U.S. In the MISO market, Entergy offers its generation and bids its load into the market on an hourly basis. MISO settles these hourly offers and bids based on locational marginal prices, which is pricing for energy at a given location based on a market clearing price that takes into account physical limitations on the transmission system, generation, and demand throughout the MISO region. MISO evaluates the market participants’ energy offers and demand bids to economically and reliably dispatch the entire MISO system. Entergy nets purchases and sales within the MISO market on an hourly basis and reports in operating revenues when in a net selling position and in operating expenses when in a net purchasing position.  

Property, Plant, and Equipment

Property, plant, and equipment is stated at original cost.  Depreciation is computed on the straight-line basis at rates based on the applicable estimated service lives of the various classes of property. For the Registrant Subsidiaries, the original cost of plant retired or removed, less salvage, is charged to accumulated depreciation.  Normal maintenance, repairs, and minor replacement costs are charged to operating expenses.  Substantially all of the Registrant Subsidiaries’ plant is subject to mortgage liens.

Electric plant includes the portions of Grand Gulf and Waterford 3 that have been sold and leased back.  For financial reporting purposes, these sale and leaseback arrangements are reflected as financing transactions.

Net property, plant, and equipment for Entergy (including property under capital lease and associated accumulated amortization) by business segment and functional category, as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, is shown below:
2014
 
 
Entergy
 
 
Utility
 
Entergy
Wholesale
Commodities
 
Parent &
Other
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Nuclear
 

$9,639

 

$6,586

 

$3,053

 

$—

Other
 
3,425

 
3,067

 
358

 

Transmission
 
4,197

 
4,164

 
33

 

Distribution
 
6,973

 
6,973

 

 

Other
 
1,521

 
1,373

 
145

 
3

Construction work in progress
 
1,426

 
969

 
456

 
1

Nuclear fuel
 
1,542

 
840

 
702

 

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$28,723

 

$23,972

 

$4,747

 

$4


2013
 
 
Entergy
 
 
Utility
 
Entergy
Wholesale
Commodities
 
Parent &
Other
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Nuclear
 

$9,667

 

$6,601

 

$3,066

 

$—

Other
 
2,836

 
2,465

 
371

 

Transmission
 
3,929

 
3,894

 
35

 

Distribution
 
6,716

 
6,716

 

 

Other
 
1,652

 
1,475

 
174

 
3

Construction work in progress
 
1,515

 
1,217

 
298

 

Nuclear fuel
 
1,567

 
855

 
712

 

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$27,882

 

$23,223

 

$4,656

 

$3



Depreciation rates on average depreciable property for Entergy approximated 2.8% in 2014, 2.6% in 2013, and 2.5% in 2012.  Included in these rates are the depreciation rates on average depreciable Utility property of 2.5% in 2014, 2.5% in 2013, and 2.4% 2012, and the depreciation rates on average depreciable Entergy Wholesale Commodities property of 5.5% in 2014, 4.1% in 2013, and 3.5% in 2012. The increase in 2014 for Entergy Wholesale Commodities resulted from implementation of a new depreciation study.

Entergy amortizes nuclear fuel using a units-of-production method.  Nuclear fuel amortization is included in fuel expense in the income statements.

“Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation)” for Entergy is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $185.5 million and $203 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Construction expenditures included in accounts payable is $209 million and $166 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Net property, plant, and equipment for the Registrant Subsidiaries (including property under capital lease and associated accumulated amortization) by company and functional category, as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, is shown below:
2014
 
Entergy
Arkansas
 
Entergy
Gulf States
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Mississippi
 
Entergy
New Orleans
 
Entergy
Texas
 
System
Energy
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nuclear
 

$1,097

 

$1,403

 

$2,151

 

$—

 

$—

 

$—

 

$1,935

Other
 
593

 
282

 
1,279

 
526

 
(11
)
 
399

 

Transmission
 
1,166

 
711

 
859

 
642

 
44

 
695

 
48

Distribution
 
1,928

 
1,004

 
1,443

 
1,125

 
357

 
1,116

 

Other
 
164

 
173

 
287

 
194

 
181

 
98

 
17

Construction work in progress
 
284

 
127

 
242

 
68

 
19

 
125

 
50

Nuclear fuel
 
294

 
132

 
163

 

 

 

 
251

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$5,526

 

$3,832

 

$6,424

 

$2,555

 

$590

 

$2,433

 

$2,301


2013
 
Entergy
Arkansas
 
Entergy
Gulf States
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Mississippi
 
Entergy
New Orleans
 
Entergy
Texas
 
System
Energy
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nuclear
 

$1,047

 

$1,422

 

$2,202

 

$—

 

$—

 

$—

 

$1,930

Other
 
609

 
271

 
684

 
537

 
(7
)
 
371

 

Transmission
 
1,086

 
646

 
770

 
638

 
31

 
673

 
49

Distribution
 
1,831

 
950

 
1,420

 
1,096

 
340

 
1,079

 

Other
 
192

 
184

 
292

 
197

 
181

 
106

 
17

Construction work in progress
 
209

 
105

 
673

 
37

 
29

 
95

 
29

Nuclear fuel
 
322

 
197

 
147

 

 

 

 
189

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$5,296

 

$3,775

 

$6,188

 

$2,505

 

$574

 

$2,324

 

$2,214



Depreciation rates on average depreciable property for the Registrant Subsidiaries are shown below:
 
 
Entergy
Arkansas
 
Entergy
Gulf States
Louisiana
 
 
Entergy
Louisiana
 
 
Entergy
Mississippi
 
Entergy
New Orleans
 
 
Entergy
Texas
 
 
System
Energy
2014
2.4%
 
1.8%
 
2.5%
 
2.6%
 
3.1%
 
2.5%
 
3.0%
2013
2.5%
 
1.8%
 
2.5%
 
2.6%
 
3.0%
 
2.5%
 
2.8%
2012
2.5%
 
1.8%
 
2.4%
 
2.6%
 
3.0%
 
2.4%
 
2.8%


Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Gulf States Louisiana is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $151 million and $146 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.  Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Louisiana is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $3.2 million and $3 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Mississippi is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $2.2 million and $2.1 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.  Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Texas is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $10.4 million and $10.4 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

As of December 31, 2014, construction expenditures included in accounts payable are $37.3 million for Entergy Arkansas, $23.4 million for Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, $48 million for Entergy Louisiana, $7.8 million for Entergy Mississippi, $0.9 million for Entergy New Orleans, $24.1 million for Entergy Texas, and $7.7 million for System Energy.  As of December 31, 2013, construction expenditures included in accounts payable are $61.9 million for Entergy Arkansas, $13.1 million for Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, $31.1 million for Entergy Louisiana, $2.8 million for Entergy Mississippi, $1.7 million for Entergy New Orleans, $10.9 million for Entergy Texas, and $6.7 million for System Energy.

Jointly-Owned Generating Stations

Certain Entergy subsidiaries jointly own electric generating facilities with affiliates or third parties.  The investments and expenses associated with these generating stations are recorded by the Entergy subsidiaries to the extent of their respective undivided ownership interests.  As of December 31, 2014, the subsidiaries’ investment and accumulated depreciation in each of these generating stations were as follows:



Generating Stations
 
 
 
Fuel-Type
 
Total
Megawatt
Capability (a)
 
 
 
Ownership
 
 
 
 
Investment
 
 
Accumulated
Depreciation
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(In Millions)
Utility business:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Entergy Arkansas -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Independence
 
Unit 1
 
Coal
 
839

 
31.50
%
 
 

$129

 

$98

 
 
Common Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
15.75
%
 
 

$34

 

$26

  White Bluff
 
Units 1 and 2
 
Coal
 
1,637

 
57.00
%
 
 

$503

 

$355

  Ouachita (b)
 
Common
Facilities
 
Gas
 
 
 
66.67
%
 
 

$169

 

$145

Entergy Gulf States
Louisiana -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6
 
Coal
 
537

 
40.25
%
 
 

$261

 

$181

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6 Common
Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
17.70
%
 
 

$10

 

$4

  Big Cajun 2
 
Unit 3
 
Coal
 
594

 
24.15
%
 
 

$149

 

$105

  Ouachita (b)
 
Common
Facilities
 
Gas
 
 
 
33.33
%
 
 

$87

 

$74

Entergy Louisiana -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Acadia
 
Common
Facilities
 
Gas
 
 
 
50.00
%
 
 

$19

 

$—

Entergy Mississippi -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Independence
 
Units 1 and 2
and Common
Facilities
 
Coal
 
1,681

 
25.00
%
 
 

$251

 

$149

Entergy Texas -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6
 
Coal
 
537

 
29.75
%
 
 

$188

 

$115

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6 Common
Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
13.07
%
 
 

$6

 

$2

  Big Cajun 2
 
Unit 3
 
Coal
 
594

 
17.85
%
 
 

$112

 

$72

System Energy -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Grand Gulf
 
Unit 1
 
Nuclear
 
1,409

 
90.00
%
(c)
 

$4,819

 

$2,820

Entergy Wholesale
Commodities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Independence
 
Unit 2
 
Coal
 
842

 
14.37
%
 
 

$69

 

$46

  Independence
 
Common  
Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
7.18
%
 
 

$16

 

$11

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6
 
Coal
 
537

 
10.9
%
 
 

$107

 

$57

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6 Common Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
4.79
%
 
 

$2

 

$1


(a)
“Total Megawatt Capability” is the dependable load carrying capability as demonstrated under actual operating conditions based on the primary fuel (assuming no curtailments) that each station was designed to utilize.
(b)
Ouachita Units 1 and 2 are owned 100% by Entergy Arkansas and Ouachita Unit 3 is owned 100% by Entergy Gulf States Louisiana.  The investment and accumulated depreciation numbers above are only for the common facilities and not for the generating units.
(c)
Includes a leasehold interest held by System Energy.  System Energy’s Grand Gulf lease obligations are discussed in Note 10 to the financial statements.

Nuclear Refueling Outage Costs

Nuclear refueling outage costs are deferred during the outage and amortized over the estimated period to the next outage because these refueling outage expenses are incurred to prepare the units to operate for the next operating cycle without having to be taken off line.

Allowance for Funds Used During Construction (AFUDC)

AFUDC represents the approximate net composite interest cost of borrowed funds and a reasonable return on the equity funds used for construction by the Registrant Subsidiaries.  AFUDC increases both the plant balance and earnings and is realized in cash through depreciation provisions included in the rates charged to customers.

Income Taxes

Entergy Corporation and the majority of its subsidiaries file a United States consolidated federal income tax return.  Each tax-paying entity records income taxes as if it were a separate taxpayer and consolidating adjustments are allocated to the tax filing entities in accordance with Entergy’s intercompany income tax allocation agreement.  Deferred income taxes are recorded for temporary differences between the book and tax basis of assets and liabilities, and for certain losses and credits available for carryforward.

Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates in the period in which the tax or rate was enacted.

The benefits of investment tax credits are deferred and amortized over the average useful life of the related property, as a reduction of income tax expense, for such credits associated with regulated operations in accordance with ratemaking treatment.

Earnings per Share

The following table presents Entergy’s basic and diluted earnings per share calculation included on the consolidated statements of income:
 
For the Years Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
(In Millions, Except Per Share Data)
 
 
 
$/share
 
 
 
$/share
 
 
 
$/share
Net income attributable to Entergy Corporation

$940.7

 
 

 

$711.9

 
 

 

$846.7

 
 

Basic earnings per average common share
179.5

 

$5.24

 
178.2

 

$3.99

 
177.3

 

$4.77

Average dilutive effect of:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Stock options
0.3

 
(0.01
)
 
0.1

 

 
0.3

 
(0.01
)
Other equity plans
0.5

 
(0.01
)
 
0.3

 

 
0.1

 

Diluted earnings per average common shares
180.3

 

$5.22

 
178.6

 

$3.99

 
177.7

 

$4.76


The calculation of diluted earnings per share excluded 5,743,013 options outstanding at December 31, 2014, 8,866,542 options outstanding at December 31, 2013, and 7,164,319 options outstanding at December 31, 2012 that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future.  Those options were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the exercise price of those options exceeded the average market price for the year.

Stock-based Compensation Plans

Entergy grants stock options, restricted stock, performance units, and restricted liability awards to key employees of the Entergy subsidiaries under its Equity Ownership Plans, which are shareholder-approved stock-based compensation plans.  These plans are described more fully in Note 12 to the financial statements.  The cost of the stock-based compensation is charged to income over the vesting period.  Awards under Entergy’s plans generally vest over 3 years.

Accounting for the Effects of Regulation

Entergy’s Utility operating companies and System Energy are rate-regulated enterprises whose rates meet three criteria specified in accounting standards.  The Utility operating companies and System Energy have rates that (i) are approved by a body (its regulator) empowered to set rates that bind customers; (ii) are cost-based; and (iii) can be charged to and collected from customers.  These criteria may also be applied to separable portions of a utility’s business, such as the generation or transmission functions, or to specific classes of customers.  Because the Utility operating companies and System Energy meet these criteria, each of them capitalizes costs that would otherwise be charged to expense if the rate actions of its regulator make it probable that those costs will be recovered in future revenue.  Such capitalized costs are reflected as regulatory assets in the accompanying financial statements.  When an enterprise concludes that recovery of a regulatory asset is no longer probable, the regulatory asset must be removed from the entity’s balance sheet.

An enterprise that ceases to meet the three criteria for all or part of its operations should report that event in its financial statements.  In general, the enterprise no longer meeting the criteria should eliminate from its balance sheet all regulatory assets and liabilities related to the applicable operations.  Additionally, if it is determined that a regulated enterprise is no longer recovering all of its costs, it is possible that an impairment may exist that could require further write-offs of plant assets.

Entergy Gulf States Louisiana does not apply regulatory accounting standards to the Louisiana retail deregulated portion of River Bend, the 30% interest in River Bend formerly owned by Cajun, and its steam business, unless specific cost recovery is provided for in tariff rates.  The Louisiana retail deregulated portion of River Bend is operated under a deregulated asset plan representing a portion (approximately 15%) of River Bend plant costs, generation, revenues, and expenses established under a 1992 LPSC order.  The plan allows Entergy Gulf States Louisiana to sell the electricity from the deregulated assets to Louisiana retail customers at 4.6 cents per kWh or off-system at higher prices, with certain provisions for sharing incremental revenue above 4.6 cents per kWh between customers and shareholders.

Regulatory Asset for Income Taxes

Accounting standards for income taxes provide that a regulatory asset or liability be recorded if it is probable that the currently determinable future increase or decrease in regulatory income tax expense will be recovered from or reimbursed to customers through future rates. The primary source of Entergy’s regulatory asset for income taxes is related to the ratemaking treatment of the tax effects of book depreciation for the equity component of AFUDC that has been capitalized to property, plant, and equipment but for which there is no corresponding tax basis. Equity-AFUDC is a component of property, plant, and equipment that is included in rate base when the plant is placed in service.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Entergy considers all unrestricted highly liquid debt instruments with an original maturity of three months or less at date of purchase to be cash equivalents.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects Entergy’s best estimate of losses on the accounts receivable balances.  The allowance is based on accounts receivable agings, historical experience, and other currently available evidence.  Utility operating company customer accounts receivable are written off consistent with approved regulatory requirements.

Investments

Entergy records decommissioning trust funds on the balance sheet at their fair value.  Because of the ability of the Registrant Subsidiaries to recover decommissioning costs in rates and in accordance with the regulatory treatment for decommissioning trust funds, the Registrant Subsidiaries record an offsetting amount in other regulatory liabilities/assets for the unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities.  For the 30% interest in River Bend formerly owned by Cajun, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana has recorded an offsetting amount in other deferred credits for the unrealized gains/(losses).  Decommissioning trust funds for Pilgrim, Indian Point 2, Vermont Yankee, and Palisades do not meet the criteria for regulatory accounting treatment.  Accordingly, unrealized gains recorded on the assets in these trust funds are recognized in the accumulated other comprehensive income component of equity because these assets are classified as available for sale.  Unrealized losses (where cost exceeds fair market value) on the assets in these trust funds are also recorded in the accumulated other comprehensive income component of equity unless the unrealized loss is other than temporary and therefore recorded in earnings.  The assessment of whether an investment in a debt security has suffered an other-than-temporary impairment is based on whether Entergy has the intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized costs.  Further, if Entergy does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the debt security, an other-than-temporary impairment is considered to have occurred and it is measured by the present value of cash flows expected to be collected less the amortized cost basis (credit loss).  The assessment of whether an investment in an equity security has suffered an other-than-temporary impairment is based on a number of factors including, first, whether Entergy has the ability and intent to hold the investment to recover its value, the duration and severity of any losses, and, then, whether it is expected that the investment will recover its value within a reasonable period of time.  Entergy’s trusts are managed by third parties who operate in accordance with agreements that define investment guidelines and place restrictions on the purchases and sales of investments.  See Note 17 to the financial statements for details on the decommissioning trust funds.

Equity Method Investments

Entergy owns investments that are accounted for under the equity method of accounting because Entergy’s ownership level results in significant influence, but not control, over the investee and its operations.  Entergy records its share of the investee's comprehensive earnings and losses in income and as an increase or decrease to the investment account. Any cash distributions are charged against the investment account. Entergy discontinues the recognition of losses on equity investments when its share of losses equals or exceeds its carrying amount for an investee plus any advances made or commitments to provide additional financial support.  See Note 14 to the financial statements for additional information regarding Entergy’s equity method investments.

Derivative Financial Instruments and Commodity Derivatives

The accounting standards for derivative instruments and hedging activities require that all derivatives be recognized at fair value on the balance sheet, either as assets or liabilities, unless they meet various exceptions including the normal purchase, normal sales criteria.  The changes in the fair value of recognized derivatives are recorded each period in current earnings or other comprehensive income, depending on whether a derivative is designated as part of a hedge transaction and the type of hedge transaction. Due to regulatory treatment, an offsetting regulatory asset or liability is recorded for changes in fair value of recognized derivatives for the Registrant Subsidiaries.

Contracts for commodities that will be physically delivered in quantities expected to be used or sold in the ordinary course of business, including certain purchases and sales of power and fuel, meet the normal purchase, normal sales criteria and are not recognized on the balance sheet.  Revenues and expenses from these contracts are reported on a gross basis in the appropriate revenue and expense categories as the commodities are received or delivered.

For other contracts for commodities in which Entergy is hedging the variability of cash flows related to a variable-rate asset, liability, or forecasted transactions that qualify as cash flow hedges, the changes in the fair value of such derivative instruments are reported in other comprehensive income.  To qualify for hedge accounting, the relationship between the hedging instrument and the hedged item must be documented to include the risk management objective and strategy and, at inception and on an ongoing basis, the effectiveness of the hedge in offsetting the changes in the cash flows of the item being hedged.  Gains or losses accumulated in other comprehensive income are reclassified to earnings in the periods when the underlying transactions actually occur.  The ineffective portions of all hedges are recognized in current-period earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments that are not designated as cash flow hedges are recorded in current-period earnings on a mark-to-market basis.

Entergy has determined that contracts to purchase uranium do not meet the definition of a derivative under the accounting standards for derivative instruments because they do not provide for net settlement and the uranium markets are not sufficiently liquid to conclude that forward contracts are readily convertible to cash.  If the uranium markets do become sufficiently liquid in the future and Entergy begins to account for uranium purchase contracts as derivative instruments, the fair value of these contracts would be accounted for consistent with Entergy’s other derivative instruments.

Fair Values

The estimated fair values of Entergy’s financial instruments and derivatives are determined using bid prices, market quotes, and financial modeling.  Considerable judgment is required in developing the estimates of fair value.  Therefore, estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that Entergy could realize in a current market exchange.  Gains or losses realized on financial instruments held by regulated businesses may be reflected in future rates and therefore do not accrue to the benefit or detriment of stockholders.  Entergy considers the carrying amounts of most financial instruments classified as current assets and liabilities to be a reasonable estimate of their fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.  See Note 16 to the financial statements for further discussion of fair value.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Entergy periodically reviews long-lived assets held in all of its business segments whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that recoverability of these assets is uncertain.  Generally, the determination of recoverability is based on the undiscounted net cash flows expected to result from such operations and assets.  Projected net cash flows depend on the future operating costs associated with the assets, the efficiency and availability of the assets and generating units, and the future market and price for energy over the remaining life of the assets.

Two nuclear power plants in the Entergy Wholesale Commodities business segment (Indian Point 2 and Indian Point 3) have an application pending for renewed NRC licenses.  Various parties have expressed opposition to renewal of the licenses.  Under federal law, nuclear power plants may continue to operate beyond their original license expiration dates while their timely filed renewal applications are pending NRC approval.  On September 28, 2013, Indian Point 2 reached the expiration date of its original NRC operating license and entered into the period of extended operation under the timely renewal rule. In December 2015, Indian Point 3 will reach the expiration date of its original NRC operations license and, similarly, will enter the period of extended operation under the timely renewal rule if its license is not renewed before then. If the NRC does not renew the operating license for either of these plants, the plant’s operating life could be shortened, reducing its projected net cash flows and potentially impairing its value as an asset.

In March 2011 the NRC renewed Vermont Yankee’s operating license for an additional 20 years.  The renewed operating license expires in March 2032. Vermont Yankee operated under a Certificate of Public Good from the State of Vermont that was scheduled to expire in March 2012, but had an amended petition pending before the Vermont Public Service Board (VPSB) for a renewed Certificate of Public Good to operate until March 2032.  

In June 2013 the VPSB completed hearings on Entergy’s amended petition for a Certificate of Public Good to continuing operating Vermont Yankee. In August 2013, Entergy announced that it planned to close Vermont Yankee at the end of 2014 and that same day filed a second amended petition seeking authorization to operate the plant only until that date. In December 2013, Entergy and Vermont entered into a settlement agreement, with an accompanying memorandum of understanding that was filed with the VPSB, under which Vermont agreed to support Entergy’s request to operate Vermont Yankee until the end of 2014. The settlement agreement provided for Entergy to make $10 million in economic transition payments, $5 million in clean energy development support, and a transitional $5 million payment to Vermont. The settlement agreement also provided for Entergy to set aside a new $25 million fund to ensure the Vermont Yankee site is restored after decommissioning. These terms were contingent upon the VPSB issuing by March 31, 2014 a Certificate of Public Good authorizing Vermont Yankee’s operation through 2014, and otherwise conforming to the terms of the settlement agreement. The settlement agreement also provided for the dismissal or discontinuation of other litigation between Entergy and Vermont. On March 28, 2014, the VPSB approved the memorandum of understanding and issued a Certificate of Public Good authorizing Vermont Yankee to operate until December 31, 2014.  In May 2014 the VPSB denied a motion that had been filed by one of the intervenors to amend its approval order. Pursuant to its commitment in the settlement agreement, Entergy Vermont Yankee provided to the Vermont parties in October 2014, a site assessment study of the costs and tasks of radiological decommissioning, spent nuclear fuel management, and site restoration of Vermont Yankee.  Entergy Vermont Yankee also filed its Post-Shutdown Decommissioning Activities Report (PSDAR) for Vermont Yankee with the NRC in December 2014.

Because of the uncertainty regarding the continued operation of Vermont Yankee, Entergy tested the recoverability of the plant and related assets in each quarter since the first quarter 2010 after a bill to approve the continued operation of Vermont Yankee was defeated in the Vermont legislature. Vermont law at that time required legislative approval of Vermont Yankee’s continued operation although that law was later invalidated by the U.S. federal courts as preempted by the Atomic Energy Act.  The determination of recoverability is based on the probability-weighted undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the plant and related assets.  Projected net cash flows primarily depend on the status of the pending legal and state regulatory matters, as well as projections of future revenues and expenses over the remaining life of the plant.  Prior to the first quarter 2012, the probability-weighted undiscounted net cash flows exceeded the carrying value of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets.  The decline, however, in the overall energy market and the projected forward prices of power as of March 31, 2012, which are significant inputs in the determination of net cash flows, resulted in the probability-weighted undiscounted future cash flows being less than the asset group’s carrying value.  Entergy performed a fair value analysis based on the income approach, a discounted cash flow method, to determine the amount of impairment. The estimated fair value of the plant and related assets at March 31, 2012 was $162 million, while the carrying value was $517.5 million.  Therefore, the assets were written down to their fair value and an impairment charge of $355.5 million ($223.5 million after-tax) was recognized.  The impairment charge was recorded as a separate line item in Entergy’s consolidated statement of income for 2012, and is included within the results of the Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment.

The estimate of fair value was based on the price that Entergy would expect to receive in a hypothetical sale of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets to a market participant on March 31, 2012. In order to determine this price, Entergy used significant observable inputs, including quoted forward power and gas prices, where available. Significant unobservable inputs, such as projected long-term pre-tax operating margins (cash basis), and estimated weighted average costs of capital were also used in the estimation of fair value. In addition, Entergy made certain assumptions regarding future tax deductions associated with the plant and related assets. Based on the use of significant unobservable inputs, the fair value measurement for the entirety of the asset group, and for each type of asset within the asset group, is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy discussed in Note 16 to the financial statements.

The following table sets forth a description of significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets as of March 31, 2012:
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Range
 
Weighted Average
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average cost of capital
 
7.5%-8.0%
 
7.8%
Long-term pre-tax operating margin (cash basis)
 
6.1%-7.8%
 
7.2%


On August 27, 2013, Entergy announced its plan to close and decommission Vermont Yankee at the end of its fuel cycle at the end of 2014. This decision was approved by the Board in August 2013, although the exact date of shutdown was not determined. The decision to shut down the plant was primarily due to sustained low natural gas and wholesale energy prices, the high cost structure of the plant, and lack of a market structure that adequately compensates merchant nuclear plants for their environmental and fuel diversity benefits in the region in which the plant operates.

As a result of the decision to shut down the plant, Entergy recognized non-cash impairment and other related charges of $291.5 million ($183.7 million after-tax) during the third quarter 2013 to write down the carrying value of Vermont Yankee and related assets to their fair values. Entergy performed a fair value analysis based on the income approach, a discounted cash flow method, to determine the amount of impairment. The estimated fair value of the plant and related assets was $62 million, while the carrying value was $349 million. The carrying value of $349 million reflected the effect of a $58 million increase in Vermont Yankee’s estimated decommissioning cost liability and the related asset retirement cost asset. The increase in the estimated decommissioning cost liability resulted from the change in expectation regarding the timing of decommissioning cash flows due to the decision to cease operations. Impairment and other related charges were recorded as a separate line item in Entergy’s consolidated statements of income for 2013 and this impairment charge is included within the results of the Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment.

The estimate of fair value was based on the price that Entergy would expect to receive in a hypothetical sale of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets to a market participant.  In order to determine this price, Entergy used significant observable inputs, including quoted forward power and gas prices, where available.  Significant unobservable inputs, such as projected long-term pre-tax operating margins (cash basis), and estimated weighted average costs of capital were also used in the estimation of fair value.  In addition, Entergy made certain assumptions regarding future tax deductions associated with the plant and related assets.  Based on the use of significant unobservable inputs, the fair value measurement for the entirety of the asset group, and for each type of asset within the asset group, is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy discussed in Note 16 to the financial statements.

The following table sets forth a description of significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets as of July 31, 2013:
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Amount
 
 
 
Weighted average cost of capital
 
7.5%
Long-term pre-tax operating margin (cash basis)
 
7.0%


Entergy’s Accounting Policy group, which reports to the Chief Accounting Officer, was primarily responsible for determining the valuation of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets, in consultation with external advisors.  Accounting Policy obtained and reviewed information from other Entergy departments with expertise on the various inputs and assumptions that were necessary to calculate the fair value of the asset group.

As a result of the settlement agreement entered into by Entergy and Vermont regarding the remaining operation and decommissioning of Vermont Yankee discussed above, Entergy reassessed its assumptions regarding the timing of decommissioning cash flows for Vermont Yankee. The reassessment resulted in a $27.2 million increase in the decommissioning cost liability and a corresponding impairment charge, recorded in December 2013. As part of the development of the site assessment study and PSDAR, Entergy obtained a revised decommissioning cost study in the third quarter 2014. The revised estimate, along with reassessment of the assumptions regarding the timing of decommissioning cash flows, resulted in a $101.6 million increase in the decommissioning cost liability and a corresponding impairment charge, recorded in September 2014. Impairment charges are recorded as a separate line item in Entergy’s consolidated statements of income for 2014 and 2013, and this impairment charge is included within the results of the Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment.

In addition to the $101.6 million impairment charge in September 2014 and depreciation recorded on the remaining plant balance in 2014, Entergy also recorded charges of $45.8 million related to severance and employee retention costs in 2014 relating to the shutdown of Vermont Yankee.

Vermont Yankee ceased operation in December 2014. In January 2015, Vermont Yankee completed the defueling of the reactor and submitted the certification of permanent cessation of operations and permanent removal of fuel from the reactor vessel to the NRC.

River Bend AFUDC

The River Bend AFUDC gross-up is a regulatory asset that represents the incremental difference imputed by the LPSC between the AFUDC actually recorded by Entergy Gulf States Louisiana on a net-of-tax basis during the construction of River Bend and what the AFUDC would have been on a pre-tax basis.  The imputed amount was only calculated on that portion of River Bend that the LPSC allowed in rate base and is being amortized through August 2025.

Reacquired Debt

The premiums and costs associated with reacquired debt of Entergy’s Utility operating companies and System Energy (except that portion allocable to the deregulated operations of Entergy Gulf States Louisiana) are included in regulatory assets and are being amortized over the life of the related new issuances, or over the life of the original debt issuance if the debt is not refinanced, in accordance with ratemaking treatment.

Taxes Imposed on Revenue-Producing Transactions

Governmental authorities assess taxes that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction between a seller and a customer, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added, and some excise taxes.  Entergy presents these taxes on a net basis, excluding them from revenues, unless required to report them differently by a regulatory authority.

Presentation of Preferred Stock without Sinking Fund

Accounting standards regarding non-controlling interests and the classification and measurement of redeemable securities require the classification of preferred securities between liabilities and shareholders’ equity on the balance sheet if the holders of those securities have protective rights that allow them to gain control of the board of directors in certain circumstances.  These rights would have the effect of giving the holders the ability to potentially redeem their securities, even if the likelihood of occurrence of these circumstances is considered remote.  The Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans articles of incorporation provide, generally, that the holders of each company’s preferred securities may elect a majority of the respective company’s board of directors if dividends are not paid for a year, until such time as the dividends in arrears are paid.  Therefore, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans present their preferred securities outstanding between liabilities and shareholders’ equity on the balance sheet.  Entergy Gulf States Louisiana and Entergy Louisiana, both organized as limited liability companies, have outstanding preferred securities with similar protective rights with respect to unpaid dividends, but provide for the election of board members that would not constitute a majority of the board; and their preferred securities are therefore classified for all periods presented as a component of members’ equity.

The outstanding preferred securities of Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, and Entergy Finance Holding (an Entergy Wholesale Commodities subsidiary), whose preferred holders also have protective rights, are similarly presented between liabilities and equity on Entergy’s consolidated balance sheets and the outstanding preferred securities of Entergy Gulf States Louisiana and Entergy Louisiana are presented within total equity in Entergy’s consolidated balance sheets.  The preferred dividends or distributions paid by all subsidiaries are reflected for all periods presented outside of consolidated net income.

New Accounting Pronouncements

The accounting standard-setting process, including projects between the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) to converge U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards, is ongoing and the FASB and the IASB are each currently working on several projects.  Final pronouncements that result from these projects could have a material effect on Entergy’s future net income, financial position, or cash flows.

In April 2014 the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-08, “Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205) and Property Plant, and Equipment (Topic 360): Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity” which changes the requirements for reporting discontinued operations. The ASU states that a disposal of a component of an entity or a group of components of an entity is required to be reported in discontinued operations if the disposal represents a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results when the component of an entity or group of components of an entity meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale, is disposed of by sale, or is disposed of other than by sale. The amendments in this ASU also require additional disclosures about discontinued operations. ASU 2014-08 is effective for Entergy for the first quarter 2015. Entergy does not currently expect ASU 2014-08 to affect materially its results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

In May 2014 the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” The ASU’s core principle is that “an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.” The ASU details a five-step model that should be followed to achieve the core principle. ASU 2014-09 is effective for Entergy for the first quarter 2017. Entergy does not expect ASU 2014-09 to affect materially its results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

In November 2014 the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-16, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Determining Whether the Host Contract in a Hybrid Financial Instrument Issued in the Form of a Share Is More Akin to Debt or to Equity.” The ASU states that for hybrid financial instruments issued in the form of a share, an entity should determine the nature of the host contract by considering all stated and implied substantive terms and features of the hybrid financial instrument, weighing each term and feature on the basis of relevant facts and circumstances. ASU 2014-16 is effective for Entergy for the first quarter 2016. Entergy does not expect ASU 2014-16 to affect materially its results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.
Entergy Gulf States Louisiana [Member]  
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Entergy Corporation and its subsidiaries.  As required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, all intercompany transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.  Entergy’s Registrant Subsidiaries (Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy) also include their separate financial statements in this Form 10-K.  The Registrant Subsidiaries and many other Entergy subsidiaries maintain accounts in accordance with FERC and other regulatory guidelines.  

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements

In conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, the preparation of Entergy Corporation’s consolidated financial statements and the separate financial statements of the Registrant Subsidiaries requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.  Adjustments to the reported amounts of assets and liabilities may be necessary in the future to the extent that future estimates or actual results are different from the estimates used.

Revenues and Fuel Costs

Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy Texas generate, transmit, and distribute electric power primarily to retail customers in Arkansas, Louisiana, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas, respectively.  Entergy Gulf States Louisiana also distributes natural gas to retail customers in and around Baton Rouge, Louisiana.  Entergy New Orleans sells both electric power and natural gas to retail customers in the City of New Orleans, except for Algiers, where Entergy Louisiana is the electric power supplier.  The Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment derives almost all of its revenue from sales of electric power generated by plants owned by subsidiaries in that segment.

Entergy recognizes revenue from electric power and natural gas sales when power or gas is delivered to customers.  To the extent that deliveries have occurred but a bill has not been issued, Entergy’s Utility operating companies accrue an estimate of the revenues for energy delivered since the latest billings.  The Utility operating companies calculate the estimate based upon several factors including billings through the last billing cycle in a month, actual generation in the month, historical line loss factors, and prices in effect in Entergy’s Utility operating companies’ various jurisdictions.  Changes are made to the inputs in the estimate as needed to reflect changes in billing practices.  Each month the estimated unbilled revenue amounts are recorded as revenue and unbilled accounts receivable, and the prior month’s estimate is reversed.  Therefore, changes in price and volume differences resulting from factors such as weather affect the calculation of unbilled revenues from one period to the next, and may result in variability in reported revenues from one period to the next as prior estimates are reversed and new estimates recorded.

Entergy records revenue from sales under rates implemented subject to refund less estimated amounts accrued for probable refunds when Entergy believes it is probable that revenues will be refunded to customers based upon the status of the rate proceeding as of the date the financial statements are prepared.

Entergy’s Utility operating companies’ rate schedules include either fuel adjustment clauses or fixed fuel factors, which allow either current recovery in billings to customers or deferral of fuel costs until the costs are billed to customers.  Where the fuel component of revenues is billed based on a pre-determined fuel cost (fixed fuel factor), the fuel factor remains in effect until changed as part of a general rate case, fuel reconciliation, or fixed fuel factor filing. System Energy’s operating revenues are intended to recover from Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans operating expenses and capital costs attributable to Grand Gulf.  The capital costs are computed by allowing a return on System Energy’s common equity funds allocable to its net investment in Grand Gulf, plus System Energy’s effective interest cost for its debt allocable to its investment in Grand Gulf.

Accounting for MISO transactions

In December 2013, Entergy joined MISO, a regional transmission organization that maintains functional control over the combined transmission systems of its members and manages one of the largest energy markets in the U.S. In the MISO market, Entergy offers its generation and bids its load into the market on an hourly basis. MISO settles these hourly offers and bids based on locational marginal prices, which is pricing for energy at a given location based on a market clearing price that takes into account physical limitations on the transmission system, generation, and demand throughout the MISO region. MISO evaluates the market participants’ energy offers and demand bids to economically and reliably dispatch the entire MISO system. Entergy nets purchases and sales within the MISO market on an hourly basis and reports in operating revenues when in a net selling position and in operating expenses when in a net purchasing position.  

Property, Plant, and Equipment

Property, plant, and equipment is stated at original cost.  Depreciation is computed on the straight-line basis at rates based on the applicable estimated service lives of the various classes of property. For the Registrant Subsidiaries, the original cost of plant retired or removed, less salvage, is charged to accumulated depreciation.  Normal maintenance, repairs, and minor replacement costs are charged to operating expenses.  Substantially all of the Registrant Subsidiaries’ plant is subject to mortgage liens.

Electric plant includes the portions of Grand Gulf and Waterford 3 that have been sold and leased back.  For financial reporting purposes, these sale and leaseback arrangements are reflected as financing transactions.

Net property, plant, and equipment for Entergy (including property under capital lease and associated accumulated amortization) by business segment and functional category, as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, is shown below:
2014
 
 
Entergy
 
 
Utility
 
Entergy
Wholesale
Commodities
 
Parent &
Other
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Nuclear
 

$9,639

 

$6,586

 

$3,053

 

$—

Other
 
3,425

 
3,067

 
358

 

Transmission
 
4,197

 
4,164

 
33

 

Distribution
 
6,973

 
6,973

 

 

Other
 
1,521

 
1,373

 
145

 
3

Construction work in progress
 
1,426

 
969

 
456

 
1

Nuclear fuel
 
1,542

 
840

 
702

 

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$28,723

 

$23,972

 

$4,747

 

$4


2013
 
 
Entergy
 
 
Utility
 
Entergy
Wholesale
Commodities
 
Parent &
Other
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Nuclear
 

$9,667

 

$6,601

 

$3,066

 

$—

Other
 
2,836

 
2,465

 
371

 

Transmission
 
3,929

 
3,894

 
35

 

Distribution
 
6,716

 
6,716

 

 

Other
 
1,652

 
1,475

 
174

 
3

Construction work in progress
 
1,515

 
1,217

 
298

 

Nuclear fuel
 
1,567

 
855

 
712

 

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$27,882

 

$23,223

 

$4,656

 

$3



Depreciation rates on average depreciable property for Entergy approximated 2.8% in 2014, 2.6% in 2013, and 2.5% in 2012.  Included in these rates are the depreciation rates on average depreciable Utility property of 2.5% in 2014, 2.5% in 2013, and 2.4% 2012, and the depreciation rates on average depreciable Entergy Wholesale Commodities property of 5.5% in 2014, 4.1% in 2013, and 3.5% in 2012. The increase in 2014 for Entergy Wholesale Commodities resulted from implementation of a new depreciation study.

Entergy amortizes nuclear fuel using a units-of-production method.  Nuclear fuel amortization is included in fuel expense in the income statements.

“Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation)” for Entergy is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $185.5 million and $203 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Construction expenditures included in accounts payable is $209 million and $166 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Net property, plant, and equipment for the Registrant Subsidiaries (including property under capital lease and associated accumulated amortization) by company and functional category, as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, is shown below:
2014
 
Entergy
Arkansas
 
Entergy
Gulf States
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Mississippi
 
Entergy
New Orleans
 
Entergy
Texas
 
System
Energy
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nuclear
 

$1,097

 

$1,403

 

$2,151

 

$—

 

$—

 

$—

 

$1,935

Other
 
593

 
282

 
1,279

 
526

 
(11
)
 
399

 

Transmission
 
1,166

 
711

 
859

 
642

 
44

 
695

 
48

Distribution
 
1,928

 
1,004

 
1,443

 
1,125

 
357

 
1,116

 

Other
 
164

 
173

 
287

 
194

 
181

 
98

 
17

Construction work in progress
 
284

 
127

 
242

 
68

 
19

 
125

 
50

Nuclear fuel
 
294

 
132

 
163

 

 

 

 
251

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$5,526

 

$3,832

 

$6,424

 

$2,555

 

$590

 

$2,433

 

$2,301


2013
 
Entergy
Arkansas
 
Entergy
Gulf States
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Mississippi
 
Entergy
New Orleans
 
Entergy
Texas
 
System
Energy
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nuclear
 

$1,047

 

$1,422

 

$2,202

 

$—

 

$—

 

$—

 

$1,930

Other
 
609

 
271

 
684

 
537

 
(7
)
 
371

 

Transmission
 
1,086

 
646

 
770

 
638

 
31

 
673

 
49

Distribution
 
1,831

 
950

 
1,420

 
1,096

 
340

 
1,079

 

Other
 
192

 
184

 
292

 
197

 
181

 
106

 
17

Construction work in progress
 
209

 
105

 
673

 
37

 
29

 
95

 
29

Nuclear fuel
 
322

 
197

 
147

 

 

 

 
189

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$5,296

 

$3,775

 

$6,188

 

$2,505

 

$574

 

$2,324

 

$2,214



Depreciation rates on average depreciable property for the Registrant Subsidiaries are shown below:
 
 
Entergy
Arkansas
 
Entergy
Gulf States
Louisiana
 
 
Entergy
Louisiana
 
 
Entergy
Mississippi
 
Entergy
New Orleans
 
 
Entergy
Texas
 
 
System
Energy
2014
2.4%
 
1.8%
 
2.5%
 
2.6%
 
3.1%
 
2.5%
 
3.0%
2013
2.5%
 
1.8%
 
2.5%
 
2.6%
 
3.0%
 
2.5%
 
2.8%
2012
2.5%
 
1.8%
 
2.4%
 
2.6%
 
3.0%
 
2.4%
 
2.8%


Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Gulf States Louisiana is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $151 million and $146 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.  Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Louisiana is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $3.2 million and $3 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Mississippi is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $2.2 million and $2.1 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.  Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Texas is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $10.4 million and $10.4 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

As of December 31, 2014, construction expenditures included in accounts payable are $37.3 million for Entergy Arkansas, $23.4 million for Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, $48 million for Entergy Louisiana, $7.8 million for Entergy Mississippi, $0.9 million for Entergy New Orleans, $24.1 million for Entergy Texas, and $7.7 million for System Energy.  As of December 31, 2013, construction expenditures included in accounts payable are $61.9 million for Entergy Arkansas, $13.1 million for Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, $31.1 million for Entergy Louisiana, $2.8 million for Entergy Mississippi, $1.7 million for Entergy New Orleans, $10.9 million for Entergy Texas, and $6.7 million for System Energy.

Jointly-Owned Generating Stations

Certain Entergy subsidiaries jointly own electric generating facilities with affiliates or third parties.  The investments and expenses associated with these generating stations are recorded by the Entergy subsidiaries to the extent of their respective undivided ownership interests.  As of December 31, 2014, the subsidiaries’ investment and accumulated depreciation in each of these generating stations were as follows:



Generating Stations
 
 
 
Fuel-Type
 
Total
Megawatt
Capability (a)
 
 
 
Ownership
 
 
 
 
Investment
 
 
Accumulated
Depreciation
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(In Millions)
Utility business:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Entergy Arkansas -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Independence
 
Unit 1
 
Coal
 
839

 
31.50
%
 
 

$129

 

$98

 
 
Common Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
15.75
%
 
 

$34

 

$26

  White Bluff
 
Units 1 and 2
 
Coal
 
1,637

 
57.00
%
 
 

$503

 

$355

  Ouachita (b)
 
Common
Facilities
 
Gas
 
 
 
66.67
%
 
 

$169

 

$145

Entergy Gulf States
Louisiana -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6
 
Coal
 
537

 
40.25
%
 
 

$261

 

$181

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6 Common
Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
17.70
%
 
 

$10

 

$4

  Big Cajun 2
 
Unit 3
 
Coal
 
594

 
24.15
%
 
 

$149

 

$105

  Ouachita (b)
 
Common
Facilities
 
Gas
 
 
 
33.33
%
 
 

$87

 

$74

Entergy Louisiana -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Acadia
 
Common
Facilities
 
Gas
 
 
 
50.00
%
 
 

$19

 

$—

Entergy Mississippi -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Independence
 
Units 1 and 2
and Common
Facilities
 
Coal
 
1,681

 
25.00
%
 
 

$251

 

$149

Entergy Texas -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6
 
Coal
 
537

 
29.75
%
 
 

$188

 

$115

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6 Common
Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
13.07
%
 
 

$6

 

$2

  Big Cajun 2
 
Unit 3
 
Coal
 
594

 
17.85
%
 
 

$112

 

$72

System Energy -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Grand Gulf
 
Unit 1
 
Nuclear
 
1,409

 
90.00
%
(c)
 

$4,819

 

$2,820

Entergy Wholesale
Commodities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Independence
 
Unit 2
 
Coal
 
842

 
14.37
%
 
 

$69

 

$46

  Independence
 
Common  
Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
7.18
%
 
 

$16

 

$11

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6
 
Coal
 
537

 
10.9
%
 
 

$107

 

$57

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6 Common Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
4.79
%
 
 

$2

 

$1


(a)
“Total Megawatt Capability” is the dependable load carrying capability as demonstrated under actual operating conditions based on the primary fuel (assuming no curtailments) that each station was designed to utilize.
(b)
Ouachita Units 1 and 2 are owned 100% by Entergy Arkansas and Ouachita Unit 3 is owned 100% by Entergy Gulf States Louisiana.  The investment and accumulated depreciation numbers above are only for the common facilities and not for the generating units.
(c)
Includes a leasehold interest held by System Energy.  System Energy’s Grand Gulf lease obligations are discussed in Note 10 to the financial statements.

Nuclear Refueling Outage Costs

Nuclear refueling outage costs are deferred during the outage and amortized over the estimated period to the next outage because these refueling outage expenses are incurred to prepare the units to operate for the next operating cycle without having to be taken off line.

Allowance for Funds Used During Construction (AFUDC)

AFUDC represents the approximate net composite interest cost of borrowed funds and a reasonable return on the equity funds used for construction by the Registrant Subsidiaries.  AFUDC increases both the plant balance and earnings and is realized in cash through depreciation provisions included in the rates charged to customers.

Income Taxes

Entergy Corporation and the majority of its subsidiaries file a United States consolidated federal income tax return.  Each tax-paying entity records income taxes as if it were a separate taxpayer and consolidating adjustments are allocated to the tax filing entities in accordance with Entergy’s intercompany income tax allocation agreement.  Deferred income taxes are recorded for temporary differences between the book and tax basis of assets and liabilities, and for certain losses and credits available for carryforward.

Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates in the period in which the tax or rate was enacted.

The benefits of investment tax credits are deferred and amortized over the average useful life of the related property, as a reduction of income tax expense, for such credits associated with regulated operations in accordance with ratemaking treatment.

Earnings per Share

The following table presents Entergy’s basic and diluted earnings per share calculation included on the consolidated statements of income:
 
For the Years Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
(In Millions, Except Per Share Data)
 
 
 
$/share
 
 
 
$/share
 
 
 
$/share
Net income attributable to Entergy Corporation

$940.7

 
 

 

$711.9

 
 

 

$846.7

 
 

Basic earnings per average common share
179.5

 

$5.24

 
178.2

 

$3.99

 
177.3

 

$4.77

Average dilutive effect of:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Stock options
0.3

 
(0.01
)
 
0.1

 

 
0.3

 
(0.01
)
Other equity plans
0.5

 
(0.01
)
 
0.3

 

 
0.1

 

Diluted earnings per average common shares
180.3

 

$5.22

 
178.6

 

$3.99

 
177.7

 

$4.76


The calculation of diluted earnings per share excluded 5,743,013 options outstanding at December 31, 2014, 8,866,542 options outstanding at December 31, 2013, and 7,164,319 options outstanding at December 31, 2012 that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future.  Those options were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the exercise price of those options exceeded the average market price for the year.

Stock-based Compensation Plans

Entergy grants stock options, restricted stock, performance units, and restricted liability awards to key employees of the Entergy subsidiaries under its Equity Ownership Plans, which are shareholder-approved stock-based compensation plans.  These plans are described more fully in Note 12 to the financial statements.  The cost of the stock-based compensation is charged to income over the vesting period.  Awards under Entergy’s plans generally vest over 3 years.

Accounting for the Effects of Regulation

Entergy’s Utility operating companies and System Energy are rate-regulated enterprises whose rates meet three criteria specified in accounting standards.  The Utility operating companies and System Energy have rates that (i) are approved by a body (its regulator) empowered to set rates that bind customers; (ii) are cost-based; and (iii) can be charged to and collected from customers.  These criteria may also be applied to separable portions of a utility’s business, such as the generation or transmission functions, or to specific classes of customers.  Because the Utility operating companies and System Energy meet these criteria, each of them capitalizes costs that would otherwise be charged to expense if the rate actions of its regulator make it probable that those costs will be recovered in future revenue.  Such capitalized costs are reflected as regulatory assets in the accompanying financial statements.  When an enterprise concludes that recovery of a regulatory asset is no longer probable, the regulatory asset must be removed from the entity’s balance sheet.

An enterprise that ceases to meet the three criteria for all or part of its operations should report that event in its financial statements.  In general, the enterprise no longer meeting the criteria should eliminate from its balance sheet all regulatory assets and liabilities related to the applicable operations.  Additionally, if it is determined that a regulated enterprise is no longer recovering all of its costs, it is possible that an impairment may exist that could require further write-offs of plant assets.

Entergy Gulf States Louisiana does not apply regulatory accounting standards to the Louisiana retail deregulated portion of River Bend, the 30% interest in River Bend formerly owned by Cajun, and its steam business, unless specific cost recovery is provided for in tariff rates.  The Louisiana retail deregulated portion of River Bend is operated under a deregulated asset plan representing a portion (approximately 15%) of River Bend plant costs, generation, revenues, and expenses established under a 1992 LPSC order.  The plan allows Entergy Gulf States Louisiana to sell the electricity from the deregulated assets to Louisiana retail customers at 4.6 cents per kWh or off-system at higher prices, with certain provisions for sharing incremental revenue above 4.6 cents per kWh between customers and shareholders.

Regulatory Asset for Income Taxes

Accounting standards for income taxes provide that a regulatory asset or liability be recorded if it is probable that the currently determinable future increase or decrease in regulatory income tax expense will be recovered from or reimbursed to customers through future rates. The primary source of Entergy’s regulatory asset for income taxes is related to the ratemaking treatment of the tax effects of book depreciation for the equity component of AFUDC that has been capitalized to property, plant, and equipment but for which there is no corresponding tax basis. Equity-AFUDC is a component of property, plant, and equipment that is included in rate base when the plant is placed in service.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Entergy considers all unrestricted highly liquid debt instruments with an original maturity of three months or less at date of purchase to be cash equivalents.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects Entergy’s best estimate of losses on the accounts receivable balances.  The allowance is based on accounts receivable agings, historical experience, and other currently available evidence.  Utility operating company customer accounts receivable are written off consistent with approved regulatory requirements.

Investments

Entergy records decommissioning trust funds on the balance sheet at their fair value.  Because of the ability of the Registrant Subsidiaries to recover decommissioning costs in rates and in accordance with the regulatory treatment for decommissioning trust funds, the Registrant Subsidiaries record an offsetting amount in other regulatory liabilities/assets for the unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities.  For the 30% interest in River Bend formerly owned by Cajun, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana has recorded an offsetting amount in other deferred credits for the unrealized gains/(losses).  Decommissioning trust funds for Pilgrim, Indian Point 2, Vermont Yankee, and Palisades do not meet the criteria for regulatory accounting treatment.  Accordingly, unrealized gains recorded on the assets in these trust funds are recognized in the accumulated other comprehensive income component of equity because these assets are classified as available for sale.  Unrealized losses (where cost exceeds fair market value) on the assets in these trust funds are also recorded in the accumulated other comprehensive income component of equity unless the unrealized loss is other than temporary and therefore recorded in earnings.  The assessment of whether an investment in a debt security has suffered an other-than-temporary impairment is based on whether Entergy has the intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized costs.  Further, if Entergy does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the debt security, an other-than-temporary impairment is considered to have occurred and it is measured by the present value of cash flows expected to be collected less the amortized cost basis (credit loss).  The assessment of whether an investment in an equity security has suffered an other-than-temporary impairment is based on a number of factors including, first, whether Entergy has the ability and intent to hold the investment to recover its value, the duration and severity of any losses, and, then, whether it is expected that the investment will recover its value within a reasonable period of time.  Entergy’s trusts are managed by third parties who operate in accordance with agreements that define investment guidelines and place restrictions on the purchases and sales of investments.  See Note 17 to the financial statements for details on the decommissioning trust funds.

Equity Method Investments

Entergy owns investments that are accounted for under the equity method of accounting because Entergy’s ownership level results in significant influence, but not control, over the investee and its operations.  Entergy records its share of the investee's comprehensive earnings and losses in income and as an increase or decrease to the investment account. Any cash distributions are charged against the investment account. Entergy discontinues the recognition of losses on equity investments when its share of losses equals or exceeds its carrying amount for an investee plus any advances made or commitments to provide additional financial support.  See Note 14 to the financial statements for additional information regarding Entergy’s equity method investments.

Derivative Financial Instruments and Commodity Derivatives

The accounting standards for derivative instruments and hedging activities require that all derivatives be recognized at fair value on the balance sheet, either as assets or liabilities, unless they meet various exceptions including the normal purchase, normal sales criteria.  The changes in the fair value of recognized derivatives are recorded each period in current earnings or other comprehensive income, depending on whether a derivative is designated as part of a hedge transaction and the type of hedge transaction. Due to regulatory treatment, an offsetting regulatory asset or liability is recorded for changes in fair value of recognized derivatives for the Registrant Subsidiaries.

Contracts for commodities that will be physically delivered in quantities expected to be used or sold in the ordinary course of business, including certain purchases and sales of power and fuel, meet the normal purchase, normal sales criteria and are not recognized on the balance sheet.  Revenues and expenses from these contracts are reported on a gross basis in the appropriate revenue and expense categories as the commodities are received or delivered.

For other contracts for commodities in which Entergy is hedging the variability of cash flows related to a variable-rate asset, liability, or forecasted transactions that qualify as cash flow hedges, the changes in the fair value of such derivative instruments are reported in other comprehensive income.  To qualify for hedge accounting, the relationship between the hedging instrument and the hedged item must be documented to include the risk management objective and strategy and, at inception and on an ongoing basis, the effectiveness of the hedge in offsetting the changes in the cash flows of the item being hedged.  Gains or losses accumulated in other comprehensive income are reclassified to earnings in the periods when the underlying transactions actually occur.  The ineffective portions of all hedges are recognized in current-period earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments that are not designated as cash flow hedges are recorded in current-period earnings on a mark-to-market basis.

Entergy has determined that contracts to purchase uranium do not meet the definition of a derivative under the accounting standards for derivative instruments because they do not provide for net settlement and the uranium markets are not sufficiently liquid to conclude that forward contracts are readily convertible to cash.  If the uranium markets do become sufficiently liquid in the future and Entergy begins to account for uranium purchase contracts as derivative instruments, the fair value of these contracts would be accounted for consistent with Entergy’s other derivative instruments.

Fair Values

The estimated fair values of Entergy’s financial instruments and derivatives are determined using bid prices, market quotes, and financial modeling.  Considerable judgment is required in developing the estimates of fair value.  Therefore, estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that Entergy could realize in a current market exchange.  Gains or losses realized on financial instruments held by regulated businesses may be reflected in future rates and therefore do not accrue to the benefit or detriment of stockholders.  Entergy considers the carrying amounts of most financial instruments classified as current assets and liabilities to be a reasonable estimate of their fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.  See Note 16 to the financial statements for further discussion of fair value.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Entergy periodically reviews long-lived assets held in all of its business segments whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that recoverability of these assets is uncertain.  Generally, the determination of recoverability is based on the undiscounted net cash flows expected to result from such operations and assets.  Projected net cash flows depend on the future operating costs associated with the assets, the efficiency and availability of the assets and generating units, and the future market and price for energy over the remaining life of the assets.

Two nuclear power plants in the Entergy Wholesale Commodities business segment (Indian Point 2 and Indian Point 3) have an application pending for renewed NRC licenses.  Various parties have expressed opposition to renewal of the licenses.  Under federal law, nuclear power plants may continue to operate beyond their original license expiration dates while their timely filed renewal applications are pending NRC approval.  On September 28, 2013, Indian Point 2 reached the expiration date of its original NRC operating license and entered into the period of extended operation under the timely renewal rule. In December 2015, Indian Point 3 will reach the expiration date of its original NRC operations license and, similarly, will enter the period of extended operation under the timely renewal rule if its license is not renewed before then. If the NRC does not renew the operating license for either of these plants, the plant’s operating life could be shortened, reducing its projected net cash flows and potentially impairing its value as an asset.

In March 2011 the NRC renewed Vermont Yankee’s operating license for an additional 20 years.  The renewed operating license expires in March 2032. Vermont Yankee operated under a Certificate of Public Good from the State of Vermont that was scheduled to expire in March 2012, but had an amended petition pending before the Vermont Public Service Board (VPSB) for a renewed Certificate of Public Good to operate until March 2032.  

In June 2013 the VPSB completed hearings on Entergy’s amended petition for a Certificate of Public Good to continuing operating Vermont Yankee. In August 2013, Entergy announced that it planned to close Vermont Yankee at the end of 2014 and that same day filed a second amended petition seeking authorization to operate the plant only until that date. In December 2013, Entergy and Vermont entered into a settlement agreement, with an accompanying memorandum of understanding that was filed with the VPSB, under which Vermont agreed to support Entergy’s request to operate Vermont Yankee until the end of 2014. The settlement agreement provided for Entergy to make $10 million in economic transition payments, $5 million in clean energy development support, and a transitional $5 million payment to Vermont. The settlement agreement also provided for Entergy to set aside a new $25 million fund to ensure the Vermont Yankee site is restored after decommissioning. These terms were contingent upon the VPSB issuing by March 31, 2014 a Certificate of Public Good authorizing Vermont Yankee’s operation through 2014, and otherwise conforming to the terms of the settlement agreement. The settlement agreement also provided for the dismissal or discontinuation of other litigation between Entergy and Vermont. On March 28, 2014, the VPSB approved the memorandum of understanding and issued a Certificate of Public Good authorizing Vermont Yankee to operate until December 31, 2014.  In May 2014 the VPSB denied a motion that had been filed by one of the intervenors to amend its approval order. Pursuant to its commitment in the settlement agreement, Entergy Vermont Yankee provided to the Vermont parties in October 2014, a site assessment study of the costs and tasks of radiological decommissioning, spent nuclear fuel management, and site restoration of Vermont Yankee.  Entergy Vermont Yankee also filed its Post-Shutdown Decommissioning Activities Report (PSDAR) for Vermont Yankee with the NRC in December 2014.

Because of the uncertainty regarding the continued operation of Vermont Yankee, Entergy tested the recoverability of the plant and related assets in each quarter since the first quarter 2010 after a bill to approve the continued operation of Vermont Yankee was defeated in the Vermont legislature. Vermont law at that time required legislative approval of Vermont Yankee’s continued operation although that law was later invalidated by the U.S. federal courts as preempted by the Atomic Energy Act.  The determination of recoverability is based on the probability-weighted undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the plant and related assets.  Projected net cash flows primarily depend on the status of the pending legal and state regulatory matters, as well as projections of future revenues and expenses over the remaining life of the plant.  Prior to the first quarter 2012, the probability-weighted undiscounted net cash flows exceeded the carrying value of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets.  The decline, however, in the overall energy market and the projected forward prices of power as of March 31, 2012, which are significant inputs in the determination of net cash flows, resulted in the probability-weighted undiscounted future cash flows being less than the asset group’s carrying value.  Entergy performed a fair value analysis based on the income approach, a discounted cash flow method, to determine the amount of impairment. The estimated fair value of the plant and related assets at March 31, 2012 was $162 million, while the carrying value was $517.5 million.  Therefore, the assets were written down to their fair value and an impairment charge of $355.5 million ($223.5 million after-tax) was recognized.  The impairment charge was recorded as a separate line item in Entergy’s consolidated statement of income for 2012, and is included within the results of the Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment.

The estimate of fair value was based on the price that Entergy would expect to receive in a hypothetical sale of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets to a market participant on March 31, 2012. In order to determine this price, Entergy used significant observable inputs, including quoted forward power and gas prices, where available. Significant unobservable inputs, such as projected long-term pre-tax operating margins (cash basis), and estimated weighted average costs of capital were also used in the estimation of fair value. In addition, Entergy made certain assumptions regarding future tax deductions associated with the plant and related assets. Based on the use of significant unobservable inputs, the fair value measurement for the entirety of the asset group, and for each type of asset within the asset group, is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy discussed in Note 16 to the financial statements.

The following table sets forth a description of significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets as of March 31, 2012:
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Range
 
Weighted Average
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average cost of capital
 
7.5%-8.0%
 
7.8%
Long-term pre-tax operating margin (cash basis)
 
6.1%-7.8%
 
7.2%


On August 27, 2013, Entergy announced its plan to close and decommission Vermont Yankee at the end of its fuel cycle at the end of 2014. This decision was approved by the Board in August 2013, although the exact date of shutdown was not determined. The decision to shut down the plant was primarily due to sustained low natural gas and wholesale energy prices, the high cost structure of the plant, and lack of a market structure that adequately compensates merchant nuclear plants for their environmental and fuel diversity benefits in the region in which the plant operates.

As a result of the decision to shut down the plant, Entergy recognized non-cash impairment and other related charges of $291.5 million ($183.7 million after-tax) during the third quarter 2013 to write down the carrying value of Vermont Yankee and related assets to their fair values. Entergy performed a fair value analysis based on the income approach, a discounted cash flow method, to determine the amount of impairment. The estimated fair value of the plant and related assets was $62 million, while the carrying value was $349 million. The carrying value of $349 million reflected the effect of a $58 million increase in Vermont Yankee’s estimated decommissioning cost liability and the related asset retirement cost asset. The increase in the estimated decommissioning cost liability resulted from the change in expectation regarding the timing of decommissioning cash flows due to the decision to cease operations. Impairment and other related charges were recorded as a separate line item in Entergy’s consolidated statements of income for 2013 and this impairment charge is included within the results of the Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment.

The estimate of fair value was based on the price that Entergy would expect to receive in a hypothetical sale of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets to a market participant.  In order to determine this price, Entergy used significant observable inputs, including quoted forward power and gas prices, where available.  Significant unobservable inputs, such as projected long-term pre-tax operating margins (cash basis), and estimated weighted average costs of capital were also used in the estimation of fair value.  In addition, Entergy made certain assumptions regarding future tax deductions associated with the plant and related assets.  Based on the use of significant unobservable inputs, the fair value measurement for the entirety of the asset group, and for each type of asset within the asset group, is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy discussed in Note 16 to the financial statements.

The following table sets forth a description of significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets as of July 31, 2013:
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Amount
 
 
 
Weighted average cost of capital
 
7.5%
Long-term pre-tax operating margin (cash basis)
 
7.0%


Entergy’s Accounting Policy group, which reports to the Chief Accounting Officer, was primarily responsible for determining the valuation of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets, in consultation with external advisors.  Accounting Policy obtained and reviewed information from other Entergy departments with expertise on the various inputs and assumptions that were necessary to calculate the fair value of the asset group.

As a result of the settlement agreement entered into by Entergy and Vermont regarding the remaining operation and decommissioning of Vermont Yankee discussed above, Entergy reassessed its assumptions regarding the timing of decommissioning cash flows for Vermont Yankee. The reassessment resulted in a $27.2 million increase in the decommissioning cost liability and a corresponding impairment charge, recorded in December 2013. As part of the development of the site assessment study and PSDAR, Entergy obtained a revised decommissioning cost study in the third quarter 2014. The revised estimate, along with reassessment of the assumptions regarding the timing of decommissioning cash flows, resulted in a $101.6 million increase in the decommissioning cost liability and a corresponding impairment charge, recorded in September 2014. Impairment charges are recorded as a separate line item in Entergy’s consolidated statements of income for 2014 and 2013, and this impairment charge is included within the results of the Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment.

In addition to the $101.6 million impairment charge in September 2014 and depreciation recorded on the remaining plant balance in 2014, Entergy also recorded charges of $45.8 million related to severance and employee retention costs in 2014 relating to the shutdown of Vermont Yankee.

Vermont Yankee ceased operation in December 2014. In January 2015, Vermont Yankee completed the defueling of the reactor and submitted the certification of permanent cessation of operations and permanent removal of fuel from the reactor vessel to the NRC.

River Bend AFUDC

The River Bend AFUDC gross-up is a regulatory asset that represents the incremental difference imputed by the LPSC between the AFUDC actually recorded by Entergy Gulf States Louisiana on a net-of-tax basis during the construction of River Bend and what the AFUDC would have been on a pre-tax basis.  The imputed amount was only calculated on that portion of River Bend that the LPSC allowed in rate base and is being amortized through August 2025.

Reacquired Debt

The premiums and costs associated with reacquired debt of Entergy’s Utility operating companies and System Energy (except that portion allocable to the deregulated operations of Entergy Gulf States Louisiana) are included in regulatory assets and are being amortized over the life of the related new issuances, or over the life of the original debt issuance if the debt is not refinanced, in accordance with ratemaking treatment.

Taxes Imposed on Revenue-Producing Transactions

Governmental authorities assess taxes that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction between a seller and a customer, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added, and some excise taxes.  Entergy presents these taxes on a net basis, excluding them from revenues, unless required to report them differently by a regulatory authority.

Presentation of Preferred Stock without Sinking Fund

Accounting standards regarding non-controlling interests and the classification and measurement of redeemable securities require the classification of preferred securities between liabilities and shareholders’ equity on the balance sheet if the holders of those securities have protective rights that allow them to gain control of the board of directors in certain circumstances.  These rights would have the effect of giving the holders the ability to potentially redeem their securities, even if the likelihood of occurrence of these circumstances is considered remote.  The Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans articles of incorporation provide, generally, that the holders of each company’s preferred securities may elect a majority of the respective company’s board of directors if dividends are not paid for a year, until such time as the dividends in arrears are paid.  Therefore, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans present their preferred securities outstanding between liabilities and shareholders’ equity on the balance sheet.  Entergy Gulf States Louisiana and Entergy Louisiana, both organized as limited liability companies, have outstanding preferred securities with similar protective rights with respect to unpaid dividends, but provide for the election of board members that would not constitute a majority of the board; and their preferred securities are therefore classified for all periods presented as a component of members’ equity.

The outstanding preferred securities of Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, and Entergy Finance Holding (an Entergy Wholesale Commodities subsidiary), whose preferred holders also have protective rights, are similarly presented between liabilities and equity on Entergy’s consolidated balance sheets and the outstanding preferred securities of Entergy Gulf States Louisiana and Entergy Louisiana are presented within total equity in Entergy’s consolidated balance sheets.  The preferred dividends or distributions paid by all subsidiaries are reflected for all periods presented outside of consolidated net income.

New Accounting Pronouncements

The accounting standard-setting process, including projects between the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) to converge U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards, is ongoing and the FASB and the IASB are each currently working on several projects.  Final pronouncements that result from these projects could have a material effect on Entergy’s future net income, financial position, or cash flows.

In April 2014 the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-08, “Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205) and Property Plant, and Equipment (Topic 360): Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity” which changes the requirements for reporting discontinued operations. The ASU states that a disposal of a component of an entity or a group of components of an entity is required to be reported in discontinued operations if the disposal represents a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results when the component of an entity or group of components of an entity meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale, is disposed of by sale, or is disposed of other than by sale. The amendments in this ASU also require additional disclosures about discontinued operations. ASU 2014-08 is effective for Entergy for the first quarter 2015. Entergy does not currently expect ASU 2014-08 to affect materially its results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

In May 2014 the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” The ASU’s core principle is that “an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.” The ASU details a five-step model that should be followed to achieve the core principle. ASU 2014-09 is effective for Entergy for the first quarter 2017. Entergy does not expect ASU 2014-09 to affect materially its results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

In November 2014 the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-16, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Determining Whether the Host Contract in a Hybrid Financial Instrument Issued in the Form of a Share Is More Akin to Debt or to Equity.” The ASU states that for hybrid financial instruments issued in the form of a share, an entity should determine the nature of the host contract by considering all stated and implied substantive terms and features of the hybrid financial instrument, weighing each term and feature on the basis of relevant facts and circumstances. ASU 2014-16 is effective for Entergy for the first quarter 2016. Entergy does not expect ASU 2014-16 to affect materially its results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.
Entergy Louisiana [Member]  
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Entergy Corporation and its subsidiaries.  As required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, all intercompany transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.  Entergy’s Registrant Subsidiaries (Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy) also include their separate financial statements in this Form 10-K.  The Registrant Subsidiaries and many other Entergy subsidiaries maintain accounts in accordance with FERC and other regulatory guidelines.  

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements

In conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, the preparation of Entergy Corporation’s consolidated financial statements and the separate financial statements of the Registrant Subsidiaries requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.  Adjustments to the reported amounts of assets and liabilities may be necessary in the future to the extent that future estimates or actual results are different from the estimates used.

Revenues and Fuel Costs

Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy Texas generate, transmit, and distribute electric power primarily to retail customers in Arkansas, Louisiana, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas, respectively.  Entergy Gulf States Louisiana also distributes natural gas to retail customers in and around Baton Rouge, Louisiana.  Entergy New Orleans sells both electric power and natural gas to retail customers in the City of New Orleans, except for Algiers, where Entergy Louisiana is the electric power supplier.  The Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment derives almost all of its revenue from sales of electric power generated by plants owned by subsidiaries in that segment.

Entergy recognizes revenue from electric power and natural gas sales when power or gas is delivered to customers.  To the extent that deliveries have occurred but a bill has not been issued, Entergy’s Utility operating companies accrue an estimate of the revenues for energy delivered since the latest billings.  The Utility operating companies calculate the estimate based upon several factors including billings through the last billing cycle in a month, actual generation in the month, historical line loss factors, and prices in effect in Entergy’s Utility operating companies’ various jurisdictions.  Changes are made to the inputs in the estimate as needed to reflect changes in billing practices.  Each month the estimated unbilled revenue amounts are recorded as revenue and unbilled accounts receivable, and the prior month’s estimate is reversed.  Therefore, changes in price and volume differences resulting from factors such as weather affect the calculation of unbilled revenues from one period to the next, and may result in variability in reported revenues from one period to the next as prior estimates are reversed and new estimates recorded.

Entergy records revenue from sales under rates implemented subject to refund less estimated amounts accrued for probable refunds when Entergy believes it is probable that revenues will be refunded to customers based upon the status of the rate proceeding as of the date the financial statements are prepared.

Entergy’s Utility operating companies’ rate schedules include either fuel adjustment clauses or fixed fuel factors, which allow either current recovery in billings to customers or deferral of fuel costs until the costs are billed to customers.  Where the fuel component of revenues is billed based on a pre-determined fuel cost (fixed fuel factor), the fuel factor remains in effect until changed as part of a general rate case, fuel reconciliation, or fixed fuel factor filing. System Energy’s operating revenues are intended to recover from Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans operating expenses and capital costs attributable to Grand Gulf.  The capital costs are computed by allowing a return on System Energy’s common equity funds allocable to its net investment in Grand Gulf, plus System Energy’s effective interest cost for its debt allocable to its investment in Grand Gulf.

Accounting for MISO transactions

In December 2013, Entergy joined MISO, a regional transmission organization that maintains functional control over the combined transmission systems of its members and manages one of the largest energy markets in the U.S. In the MISO market, Entergy offers its generation and bids its load into the market on an hourly basis. MISO settles these hourly offers and bids based on locational marginal prices, which is pricing for energy at a given location based on a market clearing price that takes into account physical limitations on the transmission system, generation, and demand throughout the MISO region. MISO evaluates the market participants’ energy offers and demand bids to economically and reliably dispatch the entire MISO system. Entergy nets purchases and sales within the MISO market on an hourly basis and reports in operating revenues when in a net selling position and in operating expenses when in a net purchasing position.  

Property, Plant, and Equipment

Property, plant, and equipment is stated at original cost.  Depreciation is computed on the straight-line basis at rates based on the applicable estimated service lives of the various classes of property. For the Registrant Subsidiaries, the original cost of plant retired or removed, less salvage, is charged to accumulated depreciation.  Normal maintenance, repairs, and minor replacement costs are charged to operating expenses.  Substantially all of the Registrant Subsidiaries’ plant is subject to mortgage liens.

Electric plant includes the portions of Grand Gulf and Waterford 3 that have been sold and leased back.  For financial reporting purposes, these sale and leaseback arrangements are reflected as financing transactions.

Net property, plant, and equipment for Entergy (including property under capital lease and associated accumulated amortization) by business segment and functional category, as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, is shown below:
2014
 
 
Entergy
 
 
Utility
 
Entergy
Wholesale
Commodities
 
Parent &
Other
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Nuclear
 

$9,639

 

$6,586

 

$3,053

 

$—

Other
 
3,425

 
3,067

 
358

 

Transmission
 
4,197

 
4,164

 
33

 

Distribution
 
6,973

 
6,973

 

 

Other
 
1,521

 
1,373

 
145

 
3

Construction work in progress
 
1,426

 
969

 
456

 
1

Nuclear fuel
 
1,542

 
840

 
702

 

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$28,723

 

$23,972

 

$4,747

 

$4


2013
 
 
Entergy
 
 
Utility
 
Entergy
Wholesale
Commodities
 
Parent &
Other
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Nuclear
 

$9,667

 

$6,601

 

$3,066

 

$—

Other
 
2,836

 
2,465

 
371

 

Transmission
 
3,929

 
3,894

 
35

 

Distribution
 
6,716

 
6,716

 

 

Other
 
1,652

 
1,475

 
174

 
3

Construction work in progress
 
1,515

 
1,217

 
298

 

Nuclear fuel
 
1,567

 
855

 
712

 

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$27,882

 

$23,223

 

$4,656

 

$3



Depreciation rates on average depreciable property for Entergy approximated 2.8% in 2014, 2.6% in 2013, and 2.5% in 2012.  Included in these rates are the depreciation rates on average depreciable Utility property of 2.5% in 2014, 2.5% in 2013, and 2.4% 2012, and the depreciation rates on average depreciable Entergy Wholesale Commodities property of 5.5% in 2014, 4.1% in 2013, and 3.5% in 2012. The increase in 2014 for Entergy Wholesale Commodities resulted from implementation of a new depreciation study.

Entergy amortizes nuclear fuel using a units-of-production method.  Nuclear fuel amortization is included in fuel expense in the income statements.

“Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation)” for Entergy is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $185.5 million and $203 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Construction expenditures included in accounts payable is $209 million and $166 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Net property, plant, and equipment for the Registrant Subsidiaries (including property under capital lease and associated accumulated amortization) by company and functional category, as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, is shown below:
2014
 
Entergy
Arkansas
 
Entergy
Gulf States
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Mississippi
 
Entergy
New Orleans
 
Entergy
Texas
 
System
Energy
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nuclear
 

$1,097

 

$1,403

 

$2,151

 

$—

 

$—

 

$—

 

$1,935

Other
 
593

 
282

 
1,279

 
526

 
(11
)
 
399

 

Transmission
 
1,166

 
711

 
859

 
642

 
44

 
695

 
48

Distribution
 
1,928

 
1,004

 
1,443

 
1,125

 
357

 
1,116

 

Other
 
164

 
173

 
287

 
194

 
181

 
98

 
17

Construction work in progress
 
284

 
127

 
242

 
68

 
19

 
125

 
50

Nuclear fuel
 
294

 
132

 
163

 

 

 

 
251

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$5,526

 

$3,832

 

$6,424

 

$2,555

 

$590

 

$2,433

 

$2,301


2013
 
Entergy
Arkansas
 
Entergy
Gulf States
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Mississippi
 
Entergy
New Orleans
 
Entergy
Texas
 
System
Energy
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nuclear
 

$1,047

 

$1,422

 

$2,202

 

$—

 

$—

 

$—

 

$1,930

Other
 
609

 
271

 
684

 
537

 
(7
)
 
371

 

Transmission
 
1,086

 
646

 
770

 
638

 
31

 
673

 
49

Distribution
 
1,831

 
950

 
1,420

 
1,096

 
340

 
1,079

 

Other
 
192

 
184

 
292

 
197

 
181

 
106

 
17

Construction work in progress
 
209

 
105

 
673

 
37

 
29

 
95

 
29

Nuclear fuel
 
322

 
197

 
147

 

 

 

 
189

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$5,296

 

$3,775

 

$6,188

 

$2,505

 

$574

 

$2,324

 

$2,214



Depreciation rates on average depreciable property for the Registrant Subsidiaries are shown below:
 
 
Entergy
Arkansas
 
Entergy
Gulf States
Louisiana
 
 
Entergy
Louisiana
 
 
Entergy
Mississippi
 
Entergy
New Orleans
 
 
Entergy
Texas
 
 
System
Energy
2014
2.4%
 
1.8%
 
2.5%
 
2.6%
 
3.1%
 
2.5%
 
3.0%
2013
2.5%
 
1.8%
 
2.5%
 
2.6%
 
3.0%
 
2.5%
 
2.8%
2012
2.5%
 
1.8%
 
2.4%
 
2.6%
 
3.0%
 
2.4%
 
2.8%


Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Gulf States Louisiana is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $151 million and $146 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.  Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Louisiana is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $3.2 million and $3 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Mississippi is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $2.2 million and $2.1 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.  Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Texas is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $10.4 million and $10.4 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

As of December 31, 2014, construction expenditures included in accounts payable are $37.3 million for Entergy Arkansas, $23.4 million for Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, $48 million for Entergy Louisiana, $7.8 million for Entergy Mississippi, $0.9 million for Entergy New Orleans, $24.1 million for Entergy Texas, and $7.7 million for System Energy.  As of December 31, 2013, construction expenditures included in accounts payable are $61.9 million for Entergy Arkansas, $13.1 million for Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, $31.1 million for Entergy Louisiana, $2.8 million for Entergy Mississippi, $1.7 million for Entergy New Orleans, $10.9 million for Entergy Texas, and $6.7 million for System Energy.

Jointly-Owned Generating Stations

Certain Entergy subsidiaries jointly own electric generating facilities with affiliates or third parties.  The investments and expenses associated with these generating stations are recorded by the Entergy subsidiaries to the extent of their respective undivided ownership interests.  As of December 31, 2014, the subsidiaries’ investment and accumulated depreciation in each of these generating stations were as follows:



Generating Stations
 
 
 
Fuel-Type
 
Total
Megawatt
Capability (a)
 
 
 
Ownership
 
 
 
 
Investment
 
 
Accumulated
Depreciation
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(In Millions)
Utility business:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Entergy Arkansas -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Independence
 
Unit 1
 
Coal
 
839

 
31.50
%
 
 

$129

 

$98

 
 
Common Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
15.75
%
 
 

$34

 

$26

  White Bluff
 
Units 1 and 2
 
Coal
 
1,637

 
57.00
%
 
 

$503

 

$355

  Ouachita (b)
 
Common
Facilities
 
Gas
 
 
 
66.67
%
 
 

$169

 

$145

Entergy Gulf States
Louisiana -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6
 
Coal
 
537

 
40.25
%
 
 

$261

 

$181

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6 Common
Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
17.70
%
 
 

$10

 

$4

  Big Cajun 2
 
Unit 3
 
Coal
 
594

 
24.15
%
 
 

$149

 

$105

  Ouachita (b)
 
Common
Facilities
 
Gas
 
 
 
33.33
%
 
 

$87

 

$74

Entergy Louisiana -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Acadia
 
Common
Facilities
 
Gas
 
 
 
50.00
%
 
 

$19

 

$—

Entergy Mississippi -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Independence
 
Units 1 and 2
and Common
Facilities
 
Coal
 
1,681

 
25.00
%
 
 

$251

 

$149

Entergy Texas -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6
 
Coal
 
537

 
29.75
%
 
 

$188

 

$115

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6 Common
Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
13.07
%
 
 

$6

 

$2

  Big Cajun 2
 
Unit 3
 
Coal
 
594

 
17.85
%
 
 

$112

 

$72

System Energy -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Grand Gulf
 
Unit 1
 
Nuclear
 
1,409

 
90.00
%
(c)
 

$4,819

 

$2,820

Entergy Wholesale
Commodities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Independence
 
Unit 2
 
Coal
 
842

 
14.37
%
 
 

$69

 

$46

  Independence
 
Common  
Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
7.18
%
 
 

$16

 

$11

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6
 
Coal
 
537

 
10.9
%
 
 

$107

 

$57

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6 Common Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
4.79
%
 
 

$2

 

$1


(a)
“Total Megawatt Capability” is the dependable load carrying capability as demonstrated under actual operating conditions based on the primary fuel (assuming no curtailments) that each station was designed to utilize.
(b)
Ouachita Units 1 and 2 are owned 100% by Entergy Arkansas and Ouachita Unit 3 is owned 100% by Entergy Gulf States Louisiana.  The investment and accumulated depreciation numbers above are only for the common facilities and not for the generating units.
(c)
Includes a leasehold interest held by System Energy.  System Energy’s Grand Gulf lease obligations are discussed in Note 10 to the financial statements.

Nuclear Refueling Outage Costs

Nuclear refueling outage costs are deferred during the outage and amortized over the estimated period to the next outage because these refueling outage expenses are incurred to prepare the units to operate for the next operating cycle without having to be taken off line.

Allowance for Funds Used During Construction (AFUDC)

AFUDC represents the approximate net composite interest cost of borrowed funds and a reasonable return on the equity funds used for construction by the Registrant Subsidiaries.  AFUDC increases both the plant balance and earnings and is realized in cash through depreciation provisions included in the rates charged to customers.

Income Taxes

Entergy Corporation and the majority of its subsidiaries file a United States consolidated federal income tax return.  Each tax-paying entity records income taxes as if it were a separate taxpayer and consolidating adjustments are allocated to the tax filing entities in accordance with Entergy’s intercompany income tax allocation agreement.  Deferred income taxes are recorded for temporary differences between the book and tax basis of assets and liabilities, and for certain losses and credits available for carryforward.

Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates in the period in which the tax or rate was enacted.

The benefits of investment tax credits are deferred and amortized over the average useful life of the related property, as a reduction of income tax expense, for such credits associated with regulated operations in accordance with ratemaking treatment.

Earnings per Share

The following table presents Entergy’s basic and diluted earnings per share calculation included on the consolidated statements of income:
 
For the Years Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
(In Millions, Except Per Share Data)
 
 
 
$/share
 
 
 
$/share
 
 
 
$/share
Net income attributable to Entergy Corporation

$940.7

 
 

 

$711.9

 
 

 

$846.7

 
 

Basic earnings per average common share
179.5

 

$5.24

 
178.2

 

$3.99

 
177.3

 

$4.77

Average dilutive effect of:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Stock options
0.3

 
(0.01
)
 
0.1

 

 
0.3

 
(0.01
)
Other equity plans
0.5

 
(0.01
)
 
0.3

 

 
0.1

 

Diluted earnings per average common shares
180.3

 

$5.22

 
178.6

 

$3.99

 
177.7

 

$4.76


The calculation of diluted earnings per share excluded 5,743,013 options outstanding at December 31, 2014, 8,866,542 options outstanding at December 31, 2013, and 7,164,319 options outstanding at December 31, 2012 that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future.  Those options were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the exercise price of those options exceeded the average market price for the year.

Stock-based Compensation Plans

Entergy grants stock options, restricted stock, performance units, and restricted liability awards to key employees of the Entergy subsidiaries under its Equity Ownership Plans, which are shareholder-approved stock-based compensation plans.  These plans are described more fully in Note 12 to the financial statements.  The cost of the stock-based compensation is charged to income over the vesting period.  Awards under Entergy’s plans generally vest over 3 years.

Accounting for the Effects of Regulation

Entergy’s Utility operating companies and System Energy are rate-regulated enterprises whose rates meet three criteria specified in accounting standards.  The Utility operating companies and System Energy have rates that (i) are approved by a body (its regulator) empowered to set rates that bind customers; (ii) are cost-based; and (iii) can be charged to and collected from customers.  These criteria may also be applied to separable portions of a utility’s business, such as the generation or transmission functions, or to specific classes of customers.  Because the Utility operating companies and System Energy meet these criteria, each of them capitalizes costs that would otherwise be charged to expense if the rate actions of its regulator make it probable that those costs will be recovered in future revenue.  Such capitalized costs are reflected as regulatory assets in the accompanying financial statements.  When an enterprise concludes that recovery of a regulatory asset is no longer probable, the regulatory asset must be removed from the entity’s balance sheet.

An enterprise that ceases to meet the three criteria for all or part of its operations should report that event in its financial statements.  In general, the enterprise no longer meeting the criteria should eliminate from its balance sheet all regulatory assets and liabilities related to the applicable operations.  Additionally, if it is determined that a regulated enterprise is no longer recovering all of its costs, it is possible that an impairment may exist that could require further write-offs of plant assets.

Entergy Gulf States Louisiana does not apply regulatory accounting standards to the Louisiana retail deregulated portion of River Bend, the 30% interest in River Bend formerly owned by Cajun, and its steam business, unless specific cost recovery is provided for in tariff rates.  The Louisiana retail deregulated portion of River Bend is operated under a deregulated asset plan representing a portion (approximately 15%) of River Bend plant costs, generation, revenues, and expenses established under a 1992 LPSC order.  The plan allows Entergy Gulf States Louisiana to sell the electricity from the deregulated assets to Louisiana retail customers at 4.6 cents per kWh or off-system at higher prices, with certain provisions for sharing incremental revenue above 4.6 cents per kWh between customers and shareholders.

Regulatory Asset for Income Taxes

Accounting standards for income taxes provide that a regulatory asset or liability be recorded if it is probable that the currently determinable future increase or decrease in regulatory income tax expense will be recovered from or reimbursed to customers through future rates. The primary source of Entergy’s regulatory asset for income taxes is related to the ratemaking treatment of the tax effects of book depreciation for the equity component of AFUDC that has been capitalized to property, plant, and equipment but for which there is no corresponding tax basis. Equity-AFUDC is a component of property, plant, and equipment that is included in rate base when the plant is placed in service.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Entergy considers all unrestricted highly liquid debt instruments with an original maturity of three months or less at date of purchase to be cash equivalents.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects Entergy’s best estimate of losses on the accounts receivable balances.  The allowance is based on accounts receivable agings, historical experience, and other currently available evidence.  Utility operating company customer accounts receivable are written off consistent with approved regulatory requirements.

Investments

Entergy records decommissioning trust funds on the balance sheet at their fair value.  Because of the ability of the Registrant Subsidiaries to recover decommissioning costs in rates and in accordance with the regulatory treatment for decommissioning trust funds, the Registrant Subsidiaries record an offsetting amount in other regulatory liabilities/assets for the unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities.  For the 30% interest in River Bend formerly owned by Cajun, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana has recorded an offsetting amount in other deferred credits for the unrealized gains/(losses).  Decommissioning trust funds for Pilgrim, Indian Point 2, Vermont Yankee, and Palisades do not meet the criteria for regulatory accounting treatment.  Accordingly, unrealized gains recorded on the assets in these trust funds are recognized in the accumulated other comprehensive income component of equity because these assets are classified as available for sale.  Unrealized losses (where cost exceeds fair market value) on the assets in these trust funds are also recorded in the accumulated other comprehensive income component of equity unless the unrealized loss is other than temporary and therefore recorded in earnings.  The assessment of whether an investment in a debt security has suffered an other-than-temporary impairment is based on whether Entergy has the intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized costs.  Further, if Entergy does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the debt security, an other-than-temporary impairment is considered to have occurred and it is measured by the present value of cash flows expected to be collected less the amortized cost basis (credit loss).  The assessment of whether an investment in an equity security has suffered an other-than-temporary impairment is based on a number of factors including, first, whether Entergy has the ability and intent to hold the investment to recover its value, the duration and severity of any losses, and, then, whether it is expected that the investment will recover its value within a reasonable period of time.  Entergy’s trusts are managed by third parties who operate in accordance with agreements that define investment guidelines and place restrictions on the purchases and sales of investments.  See Note 17 to the financial statements for details on the decommissioning trust funds.

Equity Method Investments

Entergy owns investments that are accounted for under the equity method of accounting because Entergy’s ownership level results in significant influence, but not control, over the investee and its operations.  Entergy records its share of the investee's comprehensive earnings and losses in income and as an increase or decrease to the investment account. Any cash distributions are charged against the investment account. Entergy discontinues the recognition of losses on equity investments when its share of losses equals or exceeds its carrying amount for an investee plus any advances made or commitments to provide additional financial support.  See Note 14 to the financial statements for additional information regarding Entergy’s equity method investments.

Derivative Financial Instruments and Commodity Derivatives

The accounting standards for derivative instruments and hedging activities require that all derivatives be recognized at fair value on the balance sheet, either as assets or liabilities, unless they meet various exceptions including the normal purchase, normal sales criteria.  The changes in the fair value of recognized derivatives are recorded each period in current earnings or other comprehensive income, depending on whether a derivative is designated as part of a hedge transaction and the type of hedge transaction. Due to regulatory treatment, an offsetting regulatory asset or liability is recorded for changes in fair value of recognized derivatives for the Registrant Subsidiaries.

Contracts for commodities that will be physically delivered in quantities expected to be used or sold in the ordinary course of business, including certain purchases and sales of power and fuel, meet the normal purchase, normal sales criteria and are not recognized on the balance sheet.  Revenues and expenses from these contracts are reported on a gross basis in the appropriate revenue and expense categories as the commodities are received or delivered.

For other contracts for commodities in which Entergy is hedging the variability of cash flows related to a variable-rate asset, liability, or forecasted transactions that qualify as cash flow hedges, the changes in the fair value of such derivative instruments are reported in other comprehensive income.  To qualify for hedge accounting, the relationship between the hedging instrument and the hedged item must be documented to include the risk management objective and strategy and, at inception and on an ongoing basis, the effectiveness of the hedge in offsetting the changes in the cash flows of the item being hedged.  Gains or losses accumulated in other comprehensive income are reclassified to earnings in the periods when the underlying transactions actually occur.  The ineffective portions of all hedges are recognized in current-period earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments that are not designated as cash flow hedges are recorded in current-period earnings on a mark-to-market basis.

Entergy has determined that contracts to purchase uranium do not meet the definition of a derivative under the accounting standards for derivative instruments because they do not provide for net settlement and the uranium markets are not sufficiently liquid to conclude that forward contracts are readily convertible to cash.  If the uranium markets do become sufficiently liquid in the future and Entergy begins to account for uranium purchase contracts as derivative instruments, the fair value of these contracts would be accounted for consistent with Entergy’s other derivative instruments.

Fair Values

The estimated fair values of Entergy’s financial instruments and derivatives are determined using bid prices, market quotes, and financial modeling.  Considerable judgment is required in developing the estimates of fair value.  Therefore, estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that Entergy could realize in a current market exchange.  Gains or losses realized on financial instruments held by regulated businesses may be reflected in future rates and therefore do not accrue to the benefit or detriment of stockholders.  Entergy considers the carrying amounts of most financial instruments classified as current assets and liabilities to be a reasonable estimate of their fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.  See Note 16 to the financial statements for further discussion of fair value.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Entergy periodically reviews long-lived assets held in all of its business segments whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that recoverability of these assets is uncertain.  Generally, the determination of recoverability is based on the undiscounted net cash flows expected to result from such operations and assets.  Projected net cash flows depend on the future operating costs associated with the assets, the efficiency and availability of the assets and generating units, and the future market and price for energy over the remaining life of the assets.

Two nuclear power plants in the Entergy Wholesale Commodities business segment (Indian Point 2 and Indian Point 3) have an application pending for renewed NRC licenses.  Various parties have expressed opposition to renewal of the licenses.  Under federal law, nuclear power plants may continue to operate beyond their original license expiration dates while their timely filed renewal applications are pending NRC approval.  On September 28, 2013, Indian Point 2 reached the expiration date of its original NRC operating license and entered into the period of extended operation under the timely renewal rule. In December 2015, Indian Point 3 will reach the expiration date of its original NRC operations license and, similarly, will enter the period of extended operation under the timely renewal rule if its license is not renewed before then. If the NRC does not renew the operating license for either of these plants, the plant’s operating life could be shortened, reducing its projected net cash flows and potentially impairing its value as an asset.

In March 2011 the NRC renewed Vermont Yankee’s operating license for an additional 20 years.  The renewed operating license expires in March 2032. Vermont Yankee operated under a Certificate of Public Good from the State of Vermont that was scheduled to expire in March 2012, but had an amended petition pending before the Vermont Public Service Board (VPSB) for a renewed Certificate of Public Good to operate until March 2032.  

In June 2013 the VPSB completed hearings on Entergy’s amended petition for a Certificate of Public Good to continuing operating Vermont Yankee. In August 2013, Entergy announced that it planned to close Vermont Yankee at the end of 2014 and that same day filed a second amended petition seeking authorization to operate the plant only until that date. In December 2013, Entergy and Vermont entered into a settlement agreement, with an accompanying memorandum of understanding that was filed with the VPSB, under which Vermont agreed to support Entergy’s request to operate Vermont Yankee until the end of 2014. The settlement agreement provided for Entergy to make $10 million in economic transition payments, $5 million in clean energy development support, and a transitional $5 million payment to Vermont. The settlement agreement also provided for Entergy to set aside a new $25 million fund to ensure the Vermont Yankee site is restored after decommissioning. These terms were contingent upon the VPSB issuing by March 31, 2014 a Certificate of Public Good authorizing Vermont Yankee’s operation through 2014, and otherwise conforming to the terms of the settlement agreement. The settlement agreement also provided for the dismissal or discontinuation of other litigation between Entergy and Vermont. On March 28, 2014, the VPSB approved the memorandum of understanding and issued a Certificate of Public Good authorizing Vermont Yankee to operate until December 31, 2014.  In May 2014 the VPSB denied a motion that had been filed by one of the intervenors to amend its approval order. Pursuant to its commitment in the settlement agreement, Entergy Vermont Yankee provided to the Vermont parties in October 2014, a site assessment study of the costs and tasks of radiological decommissioning, spent nuclear fuel management, and site restoration of Vermont Yankee.  Entergy Vermont Yankee also filed its Post-Shutdown Decommissioning Activities Report (PSDAR) for Vermont Yankee with the NRC in December 2014.

Because of the uncertainty regarding the continued operation of Vermont Yankee, Entergy tested the recoverability of the plant and related assets in each quarter since the first quarter 2010 after a bill to approve the continued operation of Vermont Yankee was defeated in the Vermont legislature. Vermont law at that time required legislative approval of Vermont Yankee’s continued operation although that law was later invalidated by the U.S. federal courts as preempted by the Atomic Energy Act.  The determination of recoverability is based on the probability-weighted undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the plant and related assets.  Projected net cash flows primarily depend on the status of the pending legal and state regulatory matters, as well as projections of future revenues and expenses over the remaining life of the plant.  Prior to the first quarter 2012, the probability-weighted undiscounted net cash flows exceeded the carrying value of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets.  The decline, however, in the overall energy market and the projected forward prices of power as of March 31, 2012, which are significant inputs in the determination of net cash flows, resulted in the probability-weighted undiscounted future cash flows being less than the asset group’s carrying value.  Entergy performed a fair value analysis based on the income approach, a discounted cash flow method, to determine the amount of impairment. The estimated fair value of the plant and related assets at March 31, 2012 was $162 million, while the carrying value was $517.5 million.  Therefore, the assets were written down to their fair value and an impairment charge of $355.5 million ($223.5 million after-tax) was recognized.  The impairment charge was recorded as a separate line item in Entergy’s consolidated statement of income for 2012, and is included within the results of the Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment.

The estimate of fair value was based on the price that Entergy would expect to receive in a hypothetical sale of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets to a market participant on March 31, 2012. In order to determine this price, Entergy used significant observable inputs, including quoted forward power and gas prices, where available. Significant unobservable inputs, such as projected long-term pre-tax operating margins (cash basis), and estimated weighted average costs of capital were also used in the estimation of fair value. In addition, Entergy made certain assumptions regarding future tax deductions associated with the plant and related assets. Based on the use of significant unobservable inputs, the fair value measurement for the entirety of the asset group, and for each type of asset within the asset group, is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy discussed in Note 16 to the financial statements.

The following table sets forth a description of significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets as of March 31, 2012:
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Range
 
Weighted Average
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average cost of capital
 
7.5%-8.0%
 
7.8%
Long-term pre-tax operating margin (cash basis)
 
6.1%-7.8%
 
7.2%


On August 27, 2013, Entergy announced its plan to close and decommission Vermont Yankee at the end of its fuel cycle at the end of 2014. This decision was approved by the Board in August 2013, although the exact date of shutdown was not determined. The decision to shut down the plant was primarily due to sustained low natural gas and wholesale energy prices, the high cost structure of the plant, and lack of a market structure that adequately compensates merchant nuclear plants for their environmental and fuel diversity benefits in the region in which the plant operates.

As a result of the decision to shut down the plant, Entergy recognized non-cash impairment and other related charges of $291.5 million ($183.7 million after-tax) during the third quarter 2013 to write down the carrying value of Vermont Yankee and related assets to their fair values. Entergy performed a fair value analysis based on the income approach, a discounted cash flow method, to determine the amount of impairment. The estimated fair value of the plant and related assets was $62 million, while the carrying value was $349 million. The carrying value of $349 million reflected the effect of a $58 million increase in Vermont Yankee’s estimated decommissioning cost liability and the related asset retirement cost asset. The increase in the estimated decommissioning cost liability resulted from the change in expectation regarding the timing of decommissioning cash flows due to the decision to cease operations. Impairment and other related charges were recorded as a separate line item in Entergy’s consolidated statements of income for 2013 and this impairment charge is included within the results of the Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment.

The estimate of fair value was based on the price that Entergy would expect to receive in a hypothetical sale of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets to a market participant.  In order to determine this price, Entergy used significant observable inputs, including quoted forward power and gas prices, where available.  Significant unobservable inputs, such as projected long-term pre-tax operating margins (cash basis), and estimated weighted average costs of capital were also used in the estimation of fair value.  In addition, Entergy made certain assumptions regarding future tax deductions associated with the plant and related assets.  Based on the use of significant unobservable inputs, the fair value measurement for the entirety of the asset group, and for each type of asset within the asset group, is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy discussed in Note 16 to the financial statements.

The following table sets forth a description of significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets as of July 31, 2013:
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Amount
 
 
 
Weighted average cost of capital
 
7.5%
Long-term pre-tax operating margin (cash basis)
 
7.0%


Entergy’s Accounting Policy group, which reports to the Chief Accounting Officer, was primarily responsible for determining the valuation of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets, in consultation with external advisors.  Accounting Policy obtained and reviewed information from other Entergy departments with expertise on the various inputs and assumptions that were necessary to calculate the fair value of the asset group.

As a result of the settlement agreement entered into by Entergy and Vermont regarding the remaining operation and decommissioning of Vermont Yankee discussed above, Entergy reassessed its assumptions regarding the timing of decommissioning cash flows for Vermont Yankee. The reassessment resulted in a $27.2 million increase in the decommissioning cost liability and a corresponding impairment charge, recorded in December 2013. As part of the development of the site assessment study and PSDAR, Entergy obtained a revised decommissioning cost study in the third quarter 2014. The revised estimate, along with reassessment of the assumptions regarding the timing of decommissioning cash flows, resulted in a $101.6 million increase in the decommissioning cost liability and a corresponding impairment charge, recorded in September 2014. Impairment charges are recorded as a separate line item in Entergy’s consolidated statements of income for 2014 and 2013, and this impairment charge is included within the results of the Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment.

In addition to the $101.6 million impairment charge in September 2014 and depreciation recorded on the remaining plant balance in 2014, Entergy also recorded charges of $45.8 million related to severance and employee retention costs in 2014 relating to the shutdown of Vermont Yankee.

Vermont Yankee ceased operation in December 2014. In January 2015, Vermont Yankee completed the defueling of the reactor and submitted the certification of permanent cessation of operations and permanent removal of fuel from the reactor vessel to the NRC.

River Bend AFUDC

The River Bend AFUDC gross-up is a regulatory asset that represents the incremental difference imputed by the LPSC between the AFUDC actually recorded by Entergy Gulf States Louisiana on a net-of-tax basis during the construction of River Bend and what the AFUDC would have been on a pre-tax basis.  The imputed amount was only calculated on that portion of River Bend that the LPSC allowed in rate base and is being amortized through August 2025.

Reacquired Debt

The premiums and costs associated with reacquired debt of Entergy’s Utility operating companies and System Energy (except that portion allocable to the deregulated operations of Entergy Gulf States Louisiana) are included in regulatory assets and are being amortized over the life of the related new issuances, or over the life of the original debt issuance if the debt is not refinanced, in accordance with ratemaking treatment.

Taxes Imposed on Revenue-Producing Transactions

Governmental authorities assess taxes that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction between a seller and a customer, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added, and some excise taxes.  Entergy presents these taxes on a net basis, excluding them from revenues, unless required to report them differently by a regulatory authority.

Presentation of Preferred Stock without Sinking Fund

Accounting standards regarding non-controlling interests and the classification and measurement of redeemable securities require the classification of preferred securities between liabilities and shareholders’ equity on the balance sheet if the holders of those securities have protective rights that allow them to gain control of the board of directors in certain circumstances.  These rights would have the effect of giving the holders the ability to potentially redeem their securities, even if the likelihood of occurrence of these circumstances is considered remote.  The Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans articles of incorporation provide, generally, that the holders of each company’s preferred securities may elect a majority of the respective company’s board of directors if dividends are not paid for a year, until such time as the dividends in arrears are paid.  Therefore, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans present their preferred securities outstanding between liabilities and shareholders’ equity on the balance sheet.  Entergy Gulf States Louisiana and Entergy Louisiana, both organized as limited liability companies, have outstanding preferred securities with similar protective rights with respect to unpaid dividends, but provide for the election of board members that would not constitute a majority of the board; and their preferred securities are therefore classified for all periods presented as a component of members’ equity.

The outstanding preferred securities of Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, and Entergy Finance Holding (an Entergy Wholesale Commodities subsidiary), whose preferred holders also have protective rights, are similarly presented between liabilities and equity on Entergy’s consolidated balance sheets and the outstanding preferred securities of Entergy Gulf States Louisiana and Entergy Louisiana are presented within total equity in Entergy’s consolidated balance sheets.  The preferred dividends or distributions paid by all subsidiaries are reflected for all periods presented outside of consolidated net income.

New Accounting Pronouncements

The accounting standard-setting process, including projects between the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) to converge U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards, is ongoing and the FASB and the IASB are each currently working on several projects.  Final pronouncements that result from these projects could have a material effect on Entergy’s future net income, financial position, or cash flows.

In April 2014 the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-08, “Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205) and Property Plant, and Equipment (Topic 360): Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity” which changes the requirements for reporting discontinued operations. The ASU states that a disposal of a component of an entity or a group of components of an entity is required to be reported in discontinued operations if the disposal represents a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results when the component of an entity or group of components of an entity meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale, is disposed of by sale, or is disposed of other than by sale. The amendments in this ASU also require additional disclosures about discontinued operations. ASU 2014-08 is effective for Entergy for the first quarter 2015. Entergy does not currently expect ASU 2014-08 to affect materially its results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

In May 2014 the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” The ASU’s core principle is that “an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.” The ASU details a five-step model that should be followed to achieve the core principle. ASU 2014-09 is effective for Entergy for the first quarter 2017. Entergy does not expect ASU 2014-09 to affect materially its results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

In November 2014 the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-16, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Determining Whether the Host Contract in a Hybrid Financial Instrument Issued in the Form of a Share Is More Akin to Debt or to Equity.” The ASU states that for hybrid financial instruments issued in the form of a share, an entity should determine the nature of the host contract by considering all stated and implied substantive terms and features of the hybrid financial instrument, weighing each term and feature on the basis of relevant facts and circumstances. ASU 2014-16 is effective for Entergy for the first quarter 2016. Entergy does not expect ASU 2014-16 to affect materially its results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.
Entergy Mississippi [Member]  
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Entergy Corporation and its subsidiaries.  As required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, all intercompany transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.  Entergy’s Registrant Subsidiaries (Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy) also include their separate financial statements in this Form 10-K.  The Registrant Subsidiaries and many other Entergy subsidiaries maintain accounts in accordance with FERC and other regulatory guidelines.  

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements

In conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, the preparation of Entergy Corporation’s consolidated financial statements and the separate financial statements of the Registrant Subsidiaries requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.  Adjustments to the reported amounts of assets and liabilities may be necessary in the future to the extent that future estimates or actual results are different from the estimates used.

Revenues and Fuel Costs

Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy Texas generate, transmit, and distribute electric power primarily to retail customers in Arkansas, Louisiana, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas, respectively.  Entergy Gulf States Louisiana also distributes natural gas to retail customers in and around Baton Rouge, Louisiana.  Entergy New Orleans sells both electric power and natural gas to retail customers in the City of New Orleans, except for Algiers, where Entergy Louisiana is the electric power supplier.  The Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment derives almost all of its revenue from sales of electric power generated by plants owned by subsidiaries in that segment.

Entergy recognizes revenue from electric power and natural gas sales when power or gas is delivered to customers.  To the extent that deliveries have occurred but a bill has not been issued, Entergy’s Utility operating companies accrue an estimate of the revenues for energy delivered since the latest billings.  The Utility operating companies calculate the estimate based upon several factors including billings through the last billing cycle in a month, actual generation in the month, historical line loss factors, and prices in effect in Entergy’s Utility operating companies’ various jurisdictions.  Changes are made to the inputs in the estimate as needed to reflect changes in billing practices.  Each month the estimated unbilled revenue amounts are recorded as revenue and unbilled accounts receivable, and the prior month’s estimate is reversed.  Therefore, changes in price and volume differences resulting from factors such as weather affect the calculation of unbilled revenues from one period to the next, and may result in variability in reported revenues from one period to the next as prior estimates are reversed and new estimates recorded.

Entergy records revenue from sales under rates implemented subject to refund less estimated amounts accrued for probable refunds when Entergy believes it is probable that revenues will be refunded to customers based upon the status of the rate proceeding as of the date the financial statements are prepared.

Entergy’s Utility operating companies’ rate schedules include either fuel adjustment clauses or fixed fuel factors, which allow either current recovery in billings to customers or deferral of fuel costs until the costs are billed to customers.  Where the fuel component of revenues is billed based on a pre-determined fuel cost (fixed fuel factor), the fuel factor remains in effect until changed as part of a general rate case, fuel reconciliation, or fixed fuel factor filing. System Energy’s operating revenues are intended to recover from Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans operating expenses and capital costs attributable to Grand Gulf.  The capital costs are computed by allowing a return on System Energy’s common equity funds allocable to its net investment in Grand Gulf, plus System Energy’s effective interest cost for its debt allocable to its investment in Grand Gulf.

Accounting for MISO transactions

In December 2013, Entergy joined MISO, a regional transmission organization that maintains functional control over the combined transmission systems of its members and manages one of the largest energy markets in the U.S. In the MISO market, Entergy offers its generation and bids its load into the market on an hourly basis. MISO settles these hourly offers and bids based on locational marginal prices, which is pricing for energy at a given location based on a market clearing price that takes into account physical limitations on the transmission system, generation, and demand throughout the MISO region. MISO evaluates the market participants’ energy offers and demand bids to economically and reliably dispatch the entire MISO system. Entergy nets purchases and sales within the MISO market on an hourly basis and reports in operating revenues when in a net selling position and in operating expenses when in a net purchasing position.  

Property, Plant, and Equipment

Property, plant, and equipment is stated at original cost.  Depreciation is computed on the straight-line basis at rates based on the applicable estimated service lives of the various classes of property. For the Registrant Subsidiaries, the original cost of plant retired or removed, less salvage, is charged to accumulated depreciation.  Normal maintenance, repairs, and minor replacement costs are charged to operating expenses.  Substantially all of the Registrant Subsidiaries’ plant is subject to mortgage liens.

Electric plant includes the portions of Grand Gulf and Waterford 3 that have been sold and leased back.  For financial reporting purposes, these sale and leaseback arrangements are reflected as financing transactions.

Net property, plant, and equipment for Entergy (including property under capital lease and associated accumulated amortization) by business segment and functional category, as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, is shown below:
2014
 
 
Entergy
 
 
Utility
 
Entergy
Wholesale
Commodities
 
Parent &
Other
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Nuclear
 

$9,639

 

$6,586

 

$3,053

 

$—

Other
 
3,425

 
3,067

 
358

 

Transmission
 
4,197

 
4,164

 
33

 

Distribution
 
6,973

 
6,973

 

 

Other
 
1,521

 
1,373

 
145

 
3

Construction work in progress
 
1,426

 
969

 
456

 
1

Nuclear fuel
 
1,542

 
840

 
702

 

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$28,723

 

$23,972

 

$4,747

 

$4


2013
 
 
Entergy
 
 
Utility
 
Entergy
Wholesale
Commodities
 
Parent &
Other
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Nuclear
 

$9,667

 

$6,601

 

$3,066

 

$—

Other
 
2,836

 
2,465

 
371

 

Transmission
 
3,929

 
3,894

 
35

 

Distribution
 
6,716

 
6,716

 

 

Other
 
1,652

 
1,475

 
174

 
3

Construction work in progress
 
1,515

 
1,217

 
298

 

Nuclear fuel
 
1,567

 
855

 
712

 

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$27,882

 

$23,223

 

$4,656

 

$3



Depreciation rates on average depreciable property for Entergy approximated 2.8% in 2014, 2.6% in 2013, and 2.5% in 2012.  Included in these rates are the depreciation rates on average depreciable Utility property of 2.5% in 2014, 2.5% in 2013, and 2.4% 2012, and the depreciation rates on average depreciable Entergy Wholesale Commodities property of 5.5% in 2014, 4.1% in 2013, and 3.5% in 2012. The increase in 2014 for Entergy Wholesale Commodities resulted from implementation of a new depreciation study.

Entergy amortizes nuclear fuel using a units-of-production method.  Nuclear fuel amortization is included in fuel expense in the income statements.

“Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation)” for Entergy is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $185.5 million and $203 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Construction expenditures included in accounts payable is $209 million and $166 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Net property, plant, and equipment for the Registrant Subsidiaries (including property under capital lease and associated accumulated amortization) by company and functional category, as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, is shown below:
2014
 
Entergy
Arkansas
 
Entergy
Gulf States
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Mississippi
 
Entergy
New Orleans
 
Entergy
Texas
 
System
Energy
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nuclear
 

$1,097

 

$1,403

 

$2,151

 

$—

 

$—

 

$—

 

$1,935

Other
 
593

 
282

 
1,279

 
526

 
(11
)
 
399

 

Transmission
 
1,166

 
711

 
859

 
642

 
44

 
695

 
48

Distribution
 
1,928

 
1,004

 
1,443

 
1,125

 
357

 
1,116

 

Other
 
164

 
173

 
287

 
194

 
181

 
98

 
17

Construction work in progress
 
284

 
127

 
242

 
68

 
19

 
125

 
50

Nuclear fuel
 
294

 
132

 
163

 

 

 

 
251

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$5,526

 

$3,832

 

$6,424

 

$2,555

 

$590

 

$2,433

 

$2,301


2013
 
Entergy
Arkansas
 
Entergy
Gulf States
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Mississippi
 
Entergy
New Orleans
 
Entergy
Texas
 
System
Energy
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nuclear
 

$1,047

 

$1,422

 

$2,202

 

$—

 

$—

 

$—

 

$1,930

Other
 
609

 
271

 
684

 
537

 
(7
)
 
371

 

Transmission
 
1,086

 
646

 
770

 
638

 
31

 
673

 
49

Distribution
 
1,831

 
950

 
1,420

 
1,096

 
340

 
1,079

 

Other
 
192

 
184

 
292

 
197

 
181

 
106

 
17

Construction work in progress
 
209

 
105

 
673

 
37

 
29

 
95

 
29

Nuclear fuel
 
322

 
197

 
147

 

 

 

 
189

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$5,296

 

$3,775

 

$6,188

 

$2,505

 

$574

 

$2,324

 

$2,214



Depreciation rates on average depreciable property for the Registrant Subsidiaries are shown below:
 
 
Entergy
Arkansas
 
Entergy
Gulf States
Louisiana
 
 
Entergy
Louisiana
 
 
Entergy
Mississippi
 
Entergy
New Orleans
 
 
Entergy
Texas
 
 
System
Energy
2014
2.4%
 
1.8%
 
2.5%
 
2.6%
 
3.1%
 
2.5%
 
3.0%
2013
2.5%
 
1.8%
 
2.5%
 
2.6%
 
3.0%
 
2.5%
 
2.8%
2012
2.5%
 
1.8%
 
2.4%
 
2.6%
 
3.0%
 
2.4%
 
2.8%


Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Gulf States Louisiana is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $151 million and $146 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.  Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Louisiana is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $3.2 million and $3 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Mississippi is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $2.2 million and $2.1 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.  Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Texas is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $10.4 million and $10.4 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

As of December 31, 2014, construction expenditures included in accounts payable are $37.3 million for Entergy Arkansas, $23.4 million for Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, $48 million for Entergy Louisiana, $7.8 million for Entergy Mississippi, $0.9 million for Entergy New Orleans, $24.1 million for Entergy Texas, and $7.7 million for System Energy.  As of December 31, 2013, construction expenditures included in accounts payable are $61.9 million for Entergy Arkansas, $13.1 million for Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, $31.1 million for Entergy Louisiana, $2.8 million for Entergy Mississippi, $1.7 million for Entergy New Orleans, $10.9 million for Entergy Texas, and $6.7 million for System Energy.

Jointly-Owned Generating Stations

Certain Entergy subsidiaries jointly own electric generating facilities with affiliates or third parties.  The investments and expenses associated with these generating stations are recorded by the Entergy subsidiaries to the extent of their respective undivided ownership interests.  As of December 31, 2014, the subsidiaries’ investment and accumulated depreciation in each of these generating stations were as follows:



Generating Stations
 
 
 
Fuel-Type
 
Total
Megawatt
Capability (a)
 
 
 
Ownership
 
 
 
 
Investment
 
 
Accumulated
Depreciation
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(In Millions)
Utility business:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Entergy Arkansas -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Independence
 
Unit 1
 
Coal
 
839

 
31.50
%
 
 

$129

 

$98

 
 
Common Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
15.75
%
 
 

$34

 

$26

  White Bluff
 
Units 1 and 2
 
Coal
 
1,637

 
57.00
%
 
 

$503

 

$355

  Ouachita (b)
 
Common
Facilities
 
Gas
 
 
 
66.67
%
 
 

$169

 

$145

Entergy Gulf States
Louisiana -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6
 
Coal
 
537

 
40.25
%
 
 

$261

 

$181

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6 Common
Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
17.70
%
 
 

$10

 

$4

  Big Cajun 2
 
Unit 3
 
Coal
 
594

 
24.15
%
 
 

$149

 

$105

  Ouachita (b)
 
Common
Facilities
 
Gas
 
 
 
33.33
%
 
 

$87

 

$74

Entergy Louisiana -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Acadia
 
Common
Facilities
 
Gas
 
 
 
50.00
%
 
 

$19

 

$—

Entergy Mississippi -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Independence
 
Units 1 and 2
and Common
Facilities
 
Coal
 
1,681

 
25.00
%
 
 

$251

 

$149

Entergy Texas -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6
 
Coal
 
537

 
29.75
%
 
 

$188

 

$115

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6 Common
Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
13.07
%
 
 

$6

 

$2

  Big Cajun 2
 
Unit 3
 
Coal
 
594

 
17.85
%
 
 

$112

 

$72

System Energy -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Grand Gulf
 
Unit 1
 
Nuclear
 
1,409

 
90.00
%
(c)
 

$4,819

 

$2,820

Entergy Wholesale
Commodities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Independence
 
Unit 2
 
Coal
 
842

 
14.37
%
 
 

$69

 

$46

  Independence
 
Common  
Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
7.18
%
 
 

$16

 

$11

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6
 
Coal
 
537

 
10.9
%
 
 

$107

 

$57

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6 Common Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
4.79
%
 
 

$2

 

$1


(a)
“Total Megawatt Capability” is the dependable load carrying capability as demonstrated under actual operating conditions based on the primary fuel (assuming no curtailments) that each station was designed to utilize.
(b)
Ouachita Units 1 and 2 are owned 100% by Entergy Arkansas and Ouachita Unit 3 is owned 100% by Entergy Gulf States Louisiana.  The investment and accumulated depreciation numbers above are only for the common facilities and not for the generating units.
(c)
Includes a leasehold interest held by System Energy.  System Energy’s Grand Gulf lease obligations are discussed in Note 10 to the financial statements.

Nuclear Refueling Outage Costs

Nuclear refueling outage costs are deferred during the outage and amortized over the estimated period to the next outage because these refueling outage expenses are incurred to prepare the units to operate for the next operating cycle without having to be taken off line.

Allowance for Funds Used During Construction (AFUDC)

AFUDC represents the approximate net composite interest cost of borrowed funds and a reasonable return on the equity funds used for construction by the Registrant Subsidiaries.  AFUDC increases both the plant balance and earnings and is realized in cash through depreciation provisions included in the rates charged to customers.

Income Taxes

Entergy Corporation and the majority of its subsidiaries file a United States consolidated federal income tax return.  Each tax-paying entity records income taxes as if it were a separate taxpayer and consolidating adjustments are allocated to the tax filing entities in accordance with Entergy’s intercompany income tax allocation agreement.  Deferred income taxes are recorded for temporary differences between the book and tax basis of assets and liabilities, and for certain losses and credits available for carryforward.

Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates in the period in which the tax or rate was enacted.

The benefits of investment tax credits are deferred and amortized over the average useful life of the related property, as a reduction of income tax expense, for such credits associated with regulated operations in accordance with ratemaking treatment.

Earnings per Share

The following table presents Entergy’s basic and diluted earnings per share calculation included on the consolidated statements of income:
 
For the Years Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
(In Millions, Except Per Share Data)
 
 
 
$/share
 
 
 
$/share
 
 
 
$/share
Net income attributable to Entergy Corporation

$940.7

 
 

 

$711.9

 
 

 

$846.7

 
 

Basic earnings per average common share
179.5

 

$5.24

 
178.2

 

$3.99

 
177.3

 

$4.77

Average dilutive effect of:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Stock options
0.3

 
(0.01
)
 
0.1

 

 
0.3

 
(0.01
)
Other equity plans
0.5

 
(0.01
)
 
0.3

 

 
0.1

 

Diluted earnings per average common shares
180.3

 

$5.22

 
178.6

 

$3.99

 
177.7

 

$4.76


The calculation of diluted earnings per share excluded 5,743,013 options outstanding at December 31, 2014, 8,866,542 options outstanding at December 31, 2013, and 7,164,319 options outstanding at December 31, 2012 that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future.  Those options were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the exercise price of those options exceeded the average market price for the year.

Stock-based Compensation Plans

Entergy grants stock options, restricted stock, performance units, and restricted liability awards to key employees of the Entergy subsidiaries under its Equity Ownership Plans, which are shareholder-approved stock-based compensation plans.  These plans are described more fully in Note 12 to the financial statements.  The cost of the stock-based compensation is charged to income over the vesting period.  Awards under Entergy’s plans generally vest over 3 years.

Accounting for the Effects of Regulation

Entergy’s Utility operating companies and System Energy are rate-regulated enterprises whose rates meet three criteria specified in accounting standards.  The Utility operating companies and System Energy have rates that (i) are approved by a body (its regulator) empowered to set rates that bind customers; (ii) are cost-based; and (iii) can be charged to and collected from customers.  These criteria may also be applied to separable portions of a utility’s business, such as the generation or transmission functions, or to specific classes of customers.  Because the Utility operating companies and System Energy meet these criteria, each of them capitalizes costs that would otherwise be charged to expense if the rate actions of its regulator make it probable that those costs will be recovered in future revenue.  Such capitalized costs are reflected as regulatory assets in the accompanying financial statements.  When an enterprise concludes that recovery of a regulatory asset is no longer probable, the regulatory asset must be removed from the entity’s balance sheet.

An enterprise that ceases to meet the three criteria for all or part of its operations should report that event in its financial statements.  In general, the enterprise no longer meeting the criteria should eliminate from its balance sheet all regulatory assets and liabilities related to the applicable operations.  Additionally, if it is determined that a regulated enterprise is no longer recovering all of its costs, it is possible that an impairment may exist that could require further write-offs of plant assets.

Entergy Gulf States Louisiana does not apply regulatory accounting standards to the Louisiana retail deregulated portion of River Bend, the 30% interest in River Bend formerly owned by Cajun, and its steam business, unless specific cost recovery is provided for in tariff rates.  The Louisiana retail deregulated portion of River Bend is operated under a deregulated asset plan representing a portion (approximately 15%) of River Bend plant costs, generation, revenues, and expenses established under a 1992 LPSC order.  The plan allows Entergy Gulf States Louisiana to sell the electricity from the deregulated assets to Louisiana retail customers at 4.6 cents per kWh or off-system at higher prices, with certain provisions for sharing incremental revenue above 4.6 cents per kWh between customers and shareholders.

Regulatory Asset for Income Taxes

Accounting standards for income taxes provide that a regulatory asset or liability be recorded if it is probable that the currently determinable future increase or decrease in regulatory income tax expense will be recovered from or reimbursed to customers through future rates. The primary source of Entergy’s regulatory asset for income taxes is related to the ratemaking treatment of the tax effects of book depreciation for the equity component of AFUDC that has been capitalized to property, plant, and equipment but for which there is no corresponding tax basis. Equity-AFUDC is a component of property, plant, and equipment that is included in rate base when the plant is placed in service.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Entergy considers all unrestricted highly liquid debt instruments with an original maturity of three months or less at date of purchase to be cash equivalents.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects Entergy’s best estimate of losses on the accounts receivable balances.  The allowance is based on accounts receivable agings, historical experience, and other currently available evidence.  Utility operating company customer accounts receivable are written off consistent with approved regulatory requirements.

Investments

Entergy records decommissioning trust funds on the balance sheet at their fair value.  Because of the ability of the Registrant Subsidiaries to recover decommissioning costs in rates and in accordance with the regulatory treatment for decommissioning trust funds, the Registrant Subsidiaries record an offsetting amount in other regulatory liabilities/assets for the unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities.  For the 30% interest in River Bend formerly owned by Cajun, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana has recorded an offsetting amount in other deferred credits for the unrealized gains/(losses).  Decommissioning trust funds for Pilgrim, Indian Point 2, Vermont Yankee, and Palisades do not meet the criteria for regulatory accounting treatment.  Accordingly, unrealized gains recorded on the assets in these trust funds are recognized in the accumulated other comprehensive income component of equity because these assets are classified as available for sale.  Unrealized losses (where cost exceeds fair market value) on the assets in these trust funds are also recorded in the accumulated other comprehensive income component of equity unless the unrealized loss is other than temporary and therefore recorded in earnings.  The assessment of whether an investment in a debt security has suffered an other-than-temporary impairment is based on whether Entergy has the intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized costs.  Further, if Entergy does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the debt security, an other-than-temporary impairment is considered to have occurred and it is measured by the present value of cash flows expected to be collected less the amortized cost basis (credit loss).  The assessment of whether an investment in an equity security has suffered an other-than-temporary impairment is based on a number of factors including, first, whether Entergy has the ability and intent to hold the investment to recover its value, the duration and severity of any losses, and, then, whether it is expected that the investment will recover its value within a reasonable period of time.  Entergy’s trusts are managed by third parties who operate in accordance with agreements that define investment guidelines and place restrictions on the purchases and sales of investments.  See Note 17 to the financial statements for details on the decommissioning trust funds.

Equity Method Investments

Entergy owns investments that are accounted for under the equity method of accounting because Entergy’s ownership level results in significant influence, but not control, over the investee and its operations.  Entergy records its share of the investee's comprehensive earnings and losses in income and as an increase or decrease to the investment account. Any cash distributions are charged against the investment account. Entergy discontinues the recognition of losses on equity investments when its share of losses equals or exceeds its carrying amount for an investee plus any advances made or commitments to provide additional financial support.  See Note 14 to the financial statements for additional information regarding Entergy’s equity method investments.

Derivative Financial Instruments and Commodity Derivatives

The accounting standards for derivative instruments and hedging activities require that all derivatives be recognized at fair value on the balance sheet, either as assets or liabilities, unless they meet various exceptions including the normal purchase, normal sales criteria.  The changes in the fair value of recognized derivatives are recorded each period in current earnings or other comprehensive income, depending on whether a derivative is designated as part of a hedge transaction and the type of hedge transaction. Due to regulatory treatment, an offsetting regulatory asset or liability is recorded for changes in fair value of recognized derivatives for the Registrant Subsidiaries.

Contracts for commodities that will be physically delivered in quantities expected to be used or sold in the ordinary course of business, including certain purchases and sales of power and fuel, meet the normal purchase, normal sales criteria and are not recognized on the balance sheet.  Revenues and expenses from these contracts are reported on a gross basis in the appropriate revenue and expense categories as the commodities are received or delivered.

For other contracts for commodities in which Entergy is hedging the variability of cash flows related to a variable-rate asset, liability, or forecasted transactions that qualify as cash flow hedges, the changes in the fair value of such derivative instruments are reported in other comprehensive income.  To qualify for hedge accounting, the relationship between the hedging instrument and the hedged item must be documented to include the risk management objective and strategy and, at inception and on an ongoing basis, the effectiveness of the hedge in offsetting the changes in the cash flows of the item being hedged.  Gains or losses accumulated in other comprehensive income are reclassified to earnings in the periods when the underlying transactions actually occur.  The ineffective portions of all hedges are recognized in current-period earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments that are not designated as cash flow hedges are recorded in current-period earnings on a mark-to-market basis.

Entergy has determined that contracts to purchase uranium do not meet the definition of a derivative under the accounting standards for derivative instruments because they do not provide for net settlement and the uranium markets are not sufficiently liquid to conclude that forward contracts are readily convertible to cash.  If the uranium markets do become sufficiently liquid in the future and Entergy begins to account for uranium purchase contracts as derivative instruments, the fair value of these contracts would be accounted for consistent with Entergy’s other derivative instruments.

Fair Values

The estimated fair values of Entergy’s financial instruments and derivatives are determined using bid prices, market quotes, and financial modeling.  Considerable judgment is required in developing the estimates of fair value.  Therefore, estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that Entergy could realize in a current market exchange.  Gains or losses realized on financial instruments held by regulated businesses may be reflected in future rates and therefore do not accrue to the benefit or detriment of stockholders.  Entergy considers the carrying amounts of most financial instruments classified as current assets and liabilities to be a reasonable estimate of their fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.  See Note 16 to the financial statements for further discussion of fair value.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Entergy periodically reviews long-lived assets held in all of its business segments whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that recoverability of these assets is uncertain.  Generally, the determination of recoverability is based on the undiscounted net cash flows expected to result from such operations and assets.  Projected net cash flows depend on the future operating costs associated with the assets, the efficiency and availability of the assets and generating units, and the future market and price for energy over the remaining life of the assets.

Two nuclear power plants in the Entergy Wholesale Commodities business segment (Indian Point 2 and Indian Point 3) have an application pending for renewed NRC licenses.  Various parties have expressed opposition to renewal of the licenses.  Under federal law, nuclear power plants may continue to operate beyond their original license expiration dates while their timely filed renewal applications are pending NRC approval.  On September 28, 2013, Indian Point 2 reached the expiration date of its original NRC operating license and entered into the period of extended operation under the timely renewal rule. In December 2015, Indian Point 3 will reach the expiration date of its original NRC operations license and, similarly, will enter the period of extended operation under the timely renewal rule if its license is not renewed before then. If the NRC does not renew the operating license for either of these plants, the plant’s operating life could be shortened, reducing its projected net cash flows and potentially impairing its value as an asset.

In March 2011 the NRC renewed Vermont Yankee’s operating license for an additional 20 years.  The renewed operating license expires in March 2032. Vermont Yankee operated under a Certificate of Public Good from the State of Vermont that was scheduled to expire in March 2012, but had an amended petition pending before the Vermont Public Service Board (VPSB) for a renewed Certificate of Public Good to operate until March 2032.  

In June 2013 the VPSB completed hearings on Entergy’s amended petition for a Certificate of Public Good to continuing operating Vermont Yankee. In August 2013, Entergy announced that it planned to close Vermont Yankee at the end of 2014 and that same day filed a second amended petition seeking authorization to operate the plant only until that date. In December 2013, Entergy and Vermont entered into a settlement agreement, with an accompanying memorandum of understanding that was filed with the VPSB, under which Vermont agreed to support Entergy’s request to operate Vermont Yankee until the end of 2014. The settlement agreement provided for Entergy to make $10 million in economic transition payments, $5 million in clean energy development support, and a transitional $5 million payment to Vermont. The settlement agreement also provided for Entergy to set aside a new $25 million fund to ensure the Vermont Yankee site is restored after decommissioning. These terms were contingent upon the VPSB issuing by March 31, 2014 a Certificate of Public Good authorizing Vermont Yankee’s operation through 2014, and otherwise conforming to the terms of the settlement agreement. The settlement agreement also provided for the dismissal or discontinuation of other litigation between Entergy and Vermont. On March 28, 2014, the VPSB approved the memorandum of understanding and issued a Certificate of Public Good authorizing Vermont Yankee to operate until December 31, 2014.  In May 2014 the VPSB denied a motion that had been filed by one of the intervenors to amend its approval order. Pursuant to its commitment in the settlement agreement, Entergy Vermont Yankee provided to the Vermont parties in October 2014, a site assessment study of the costs and tasks of radiological decommissioning, spent nuclear fuel management, and site restoration of Vermont Yankee.  Entergy Vermont Yankee also filed its Post-Shutdown Decommissioning Activities Report (PSDAR) for Vermont Yankee with the NRC in December 2014.

Because of the uncertainty regarding the continued operation of Vermont Yankee, Entergy tested the recoverability of the plant and related assets in each quarter since the first quarter 2010 after a bill to approve the continued operation of Vermont Yankee was defeated in the Vermont legislature. Vermont law at that time required legislative approval of Vermont Yankee’s continued operation although that law was later invalidated by the U.S. federal courts as preempted by the Atomic Energy Act.  The determination of recoverability is based on the probability-weighted undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the plant and related assets.  Projected net cash flows primarily depend on the status of the pending legal and state regulatory matters, as well as projections of future revenues and expenses over the remaining life of the plant.  Prior to the first quarter 2012, the probability-weighted undiscounted net cash flows exceeded the carrying value of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets.  The decline, however, in the overall energy market and the projected forward prices of power as of March 31, 2012, which are significant inputs in the determination of net cash flows, resulted in the probability-weighted undiscounted future cash flows being less than the asset group’s carrying value.  Entergy performed a fair value analysis based on the income approach, a discounted cash flow method, to determine the amount of impairment. The estimated fair value of the plant and related assets at March 31, 2012 was $162 million, while the carrying value was $517.5 million.  Therefore, the assets were written down to their fair value and an impairment charge of $355.5 million ($223.5 million after-tax) was recognized.  The impairment charge was recorded as a separate line item in Entergy’s consolidated statement of income for 2012, and is included within the results of the Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment.

The estimate of fair value was based on the price that Entergy would expect to receive in a hypothetical sale of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets to a market participant on March 31, 2012. In order to determine this price, Entergy used significant observable inputs, including quoted forward power and gas prices, where available. Significant unobservable inputs, such as projected long-term pre-tax operating margins (cash basis), and estimated weighted average costs of capital were also used in the estimation of fair value. In addition, Entergy made certain assumptions regarding future tax deductions associated with the plant and related assets. Based on the use of significant unobservable inputs, the fair value measurement for the entirety of the asset group, and for each type of asset within the asset group, is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy discussed in Note 16 to the financial statements.

The following table sets forth a description of significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets as of March 31, 2012:
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Range
 
Weighted Average
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average cost of capital
 
7.5%-8.0%
 
7.8%
Long-term pre-tax operating margin (cash basis)
 
6.1%-7.8%
 
7.2%


On August 27, 2013, Entergy announced its plan to close and decommission Vermont Yankee at the end of its fuel cycle at the end of 2014. This decision was approved by the Board in August 2013, although the exact date of shutdown was not determined. The decision to shut down the plant was primarily due to sustained low natural gas and wholesale energy prices, the high cost structure of the plant, and lack of a market structure that adequately compensates merchant nuclear plants for their environmental and fuel diversity benefits in the region in which the plant operates.

As a result of the decision to shut down the plant, Entergy recognized non-cash impairment and other related charges of $291.5 million ($183.7 million after-tax) during the third quarter 2013 to write down the carrying value of Vermont Yankee and related assets to their fair values. Entergy performed a fair value analysis based on the income approach, a discounted cash flow method, to determine the amount of impairment. The estimated fair value of the plant and related assets was $62 million, while the carrying value was $349 million. The carrying value of $349 million reflected the effect of a $58 million increase in Vermont Yankee’s estimated decommissioning cost liability and the related asset retirement cost asset. The increase in the estimated decommissioning cost liability resulted from the change in expectation regarding the timing of decommissioning cash flows due to the decision to cease operations. Impairment and other related charges were recorded as a separate line item in Entergy’s consolidated statements of income for 2013 and this impairment charge is included within the results of the Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment.

The estimate of fair value was based on the price that Entergy would expect to receive in a hypothetical sale of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets to a market participant.  In order to determine this price, Entergy used significant observable inputs, including quoted forward power and gas prices, where available.  Significant unobservable inputs, such as projected long-term pre-tax operating margins (cash basis), and estimated weighted average costs of capital were also used in the estimation of fair value.  In addition, Entergy made certain assumptions regarding future tax deductions associated with the plant and related assets.  Based on the use of significant unobservable inputs, the fair value measurement for the entirety of the asset group, and for each type of asset within the asset group, is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy discussed in Note 16 to the financial statements.

The following table sets forth a description of significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets as of July 31, 2013:
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Amount
 
 
 
Weighted average cost of capital
 
7.5%
Long-term pre-tax operating margin (cash basis)
 
7.0%


Entergy’s Accounting Policy group, which reports to the Chief Accounting Officer, was primarily responsible for determining the valuation of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets, in consultation with external advisors.  Accounting Policy obtained and reviewed information from other Entergy departments with expertise on the various inputs and assumptions that were necessary to calculate the fair value of the asset group.

As a result of the settlement agreement entered into by Entergy and Vermont regarding the remaining operation and decommissioning of Vermont Yankee discussed above, Entergy reassessed its assumptions regarding the timing of decommissioning cash flows for Vermont Yankee. The reassessment resulted in a $27.2 million increase in the decommissioning cost liability and a corresponding impairment charge, recorded in December 2013. As part of the development of the site assessment study and PSDAR, Entergy obtained a revised decommissioning cost study in the third quarter 2014. The revised estimate, along with reassessment of the assumptions regarding the timing of decommissioning cash flows, resulted in a $101.6 million increase in the decommissioning cost liability and a corresponding impairment charge, recorded in September 2014. Impairment charges are recorded as a separate line item in Entergy’s consolidated statements of income for 2014 and 2013, and this impairment charge is included within the results of the Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment.

In addition to the $101.6 million impairment charge in September 2014 and depreciation recorded on the remaining plant balance in 2014, Entergy also recorded charges of $45.8 million related to severance and employee retention costs in 2014 relating to the shutdown of Vermont Yankee.

Vermont Yankee ceased operation in December 2014. In January 2015, Vermont Yankee completed the defueling of the reactor and submitted the certification of permanent cessation of operations and permanent removal of fuel from the reactor vessel to the NRC.

River Bend AFUDC

The River Bend AFUDC gross-up is a regulatory asset that represents the incremental difference imputed by the LPSC between the AFUDC actually recorded by Entergy Gulf States Louisiana on a net-of-tax basis during the construction of River Bend and what the AFUDC would have been on a pre-tax basis.  The imputed amount was only calculated on that portion of River Bend that the LPSC allowed in rate base and is being amortized through August 2025.

Reacquired Debt

The premiums and costs associated with reacquired debt of Entergy’s Utility operating companies and System Energy (except that portion allocable to the deregulated operations of Entergy Gulf States Louisiana) are included in regulatory assets and are being amortized over the life of the related new issuances, or over the life of the original debt issuance if the debt is not refinanced, in accordance with ratemaking treatment.

Taxes Imposed on Revenue-Producing Transactions

Governmental authorities assess taxes that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction between a seller and a customer, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added, and some excise taxes.  Entergy presents these taxes on a net basis, excluding them from revenues, unless required to report them differently by a regulatory authority.

Presentation of Preferred Stock without Sinking Fund

Accounting standards regarding non-controlling interests and the classification and measurement of redeemable securities require the classification of preferred securities between liabilities and shareholders’ equity on the balance sheet if the holders of those securities have protective rights that allow them to gain control of the board of directors in certain circumstances.  These rights would have the effect of giving the holders the ability to potentially redeem their securities, even if the likelihood of occurrence of these circumstances is considered remote.  The Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans articles of incorporation provide, generally, that the holders of each company’s preferred securities may elect a majority of the respective company’s board of directors if dividends are not paid for a year, until such time as the dividends in arrears are paid.  Therefore, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans present their preferred securities outstanding between liabilities and shareholders’ equity on the balance sheet.  Entergy Gulf States Louisiana and Entergy Louisiana, both organized as limited liability companies, have outstanding preferred securities with similar protective rights with respect to unpaid dividends, but provide for the election of board members that would not constitute a majority of the board; and their preferred securities are therefore classified for all periods presented as a component of members’ equity.

The outstanding preferred securities of Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, and Entergy Finance Holding (an Entergy Wholesale Commodities subsidiary), whose preferred holders also have protective rights, are similarly presented between liabilities and equity on Entergy’s consolidated balance sheets and the outstanding preferred securities of Entergy Gulf States Louisiana and Entergy Louisiana are presented within total equity in Entergy’s consolidated balance sheets.  The preferred dividends or distributions paid by all subsidiaries are reflected for all periods presented outside of consolidated net income.

New Accounting Pronouncements

The accounting standard-setting process, including projects between the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) to converge U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards, is ongoing and the FASB and the IASB are each currently working on several projects.  Final pronouncements that result from these projects could have a material effect on Entergy’s future net income, financial position, or cash flows.

In April 2014 the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-08, “Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205) and Property Plant, and Equipment (Topic 360): Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity” which changes the requirements for reporting discontinued operations. The ASU states that a disposal of a component of an entity or a group of components of an entity is required to be reported in discontinued operations if the disposal represents a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results when the component of an entity or group of components of an entity meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale, is disposed of by sale, or is disposed of other than by sale. The amendments in this ASU also require additional disclosures about discontinued operations. ASU 2014-08 is effective for Entergy for the first quarter 2015. Entergy does not currently expect ASU 2014-08 to affect materially its results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

In May 2014 the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” The ASU’s core principle is that “an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.” The ASU details a five-step model that should be followed to achieve the core principle. ASU 2014-09 is effective for Entergy for the first quarter 2017. Entergy does not expect ASU 2014-09 to affect materially its results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

In November 2014 the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-16, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Determining Whether the Host Contract in a Hybrid Financial Instrument Issued in the Form of a Share Is More Akin to Debt or to Equity.” The ASU states that for hybrid financial instruments issued in the form of a share, an entity should determine the nature of the host contract by considering all stated and implied substantive terms and features of the hybrid financial instrument, weighing each term and feature on the basis of relevant facts and circumstances. ASU 2014-16 is effective for Entergy for the first quarter 2016. Entergy does not expect ASU 2014-16 to affect materially its results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.
Entergy New Orleans [Member]  
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Entergy Corporation and its subsidiaries.  As required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, all intercompany transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.  Entergy’s Registrant Subsidiaries (Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy) also include their separate financial statements in this Form 10-K.  The Registrant Subsidiaries and many other Entergy subsidiaries maintain accounts in accordance with FERC and other regulatory guidelines.  

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements

In conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, the preparation of Entergy Corporation’s consolidated financial statements and the separate financial statements of the Registrant Subsidiaries requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.  Adjustments to the reported amounts of assets and liabilities may be necessary in the future to the extent that future estimates or actual results are different from the estimates used.

Revenues and Fuel Costs

Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy Texas generate, transmit, and distribute electric power primarily to retail customers in Arkansas, Louisiana, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas, respectively.  Entergy Gulf States Louisiana also distributes natural gas to retail customers in and around Baton Rouge, Louisiana.  Entergy New Orleans sells both electric power and natural gas to retail customers in the City of New Orleans, except for Algiers, where Entergy Louisiana is the electric power supplier.  The Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment derives almost all of its revenue from sales of electric power generated by plants owned by subsidiaries in that segment.

Entergy recognizes revenue from electric power and natural gas sales when power or gas is delivered to customers.  To the extent that deliveries have occurred but a bill has not been issued, Entergy’s Utility operating companies accrue an estimate of the revenues for energy delivered since the latest billings.  The Utility operating companies calculate the estimate based upon several factors including billings through the last billing cycle in a month, actual generation in the month, historical line loss factors, and prices in effect in Entergy’s Utility operating companies’ various jurisdictions.  Changes are made to the inputs in the estimate as needed to reflect changes in billing practices.  Each month the estimated unbilled revenue amounts are recorded as revenue and unbilled accounts receivable, and the prior month’s estimate is reversed.  Therefore, changes in price and volume differences resulting from factors such as weather affect the calculation of unbilled revenues from one period to the next, and may result in variability in reported revenues from one period to the next as prior estimates are reversed and new estimates recorded.

Entergy records revenue from sales under rates implemented subject to refund less estimated amounts accrued for probable refunds when Entergy believes it is probable that revenues will be refunded to customers based upon the status of the rate proceeding as of the date the financial statements are prepared.

Entergy’s Utility operating companies’ rate schedules include either fuel adjustment clauses or fixed fuel factors, which allow either current recovery in billings to customers or deferral of fuel costs until the costs are billed to customers.  Where the fuel component of revenues is billed based on a pre-determined fuel cost (fixed fuel factor), the fuel factor remains in effect until changed as part of a general rate case, fuel reconciliation, or fixed fuel factor filing. System Energy’s operating revenues are intended to recover from Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans operating expenses and capital costs attributable to Grand Gulf.  The capital costs are computed by allowing a return on System Energy’s common equity funds allocable to its net investment in Grand Gulf, plus System Energy’s effective interest cost for its debt allocable to its investment in Grand Gulf.

Accounting for MISO transactions

In December 2013, Entergy joined MISO, a regional transmission organization that maintains functional control over the combined transmission systems of its members and manages one of the largest energy markets in the U.S. In the MISO market, Entergy offers its generation and bids its load into the market on an hourly basis. MISO settles these hourly offers and bids based on locational marginal prices, which is pricing for energy at a given location based on a market clearing price that takes into account physical limitations on the transmission system, generation, and demand throughout the MISO region. MISO evaluates the market participants’ energy offers and demand bids to economically and reliably dispatch the entire MISO system. Entergy nets purchases and sales within the MISO market on an hourly basis and reports in operating revenues when in a net selling position and in operating expenses when in a net purchasing position.  

Property, Plant, and Equipment

Property, plant, and equipment is stated at original cost.  Depreciation is computed on the straight-line basis at rates based on the applicable estimated service lives of the various classes of property. For the Registrant Subsidiaries, the original cost of plant retired or removed, less salvage, is charged to accumulated depreciation.  Normal maintenance, repairs, and minor replacement costs are charged to operating expenses.  Substantially all of the Registrant Subsidiaries’ plant is subject to mortgage liens.

Electric plant includes the portions of Grand Gulf and Waterford 3 that have been sold and leased back.  For financial reporting purposes, these sale and leaseback arrangements are reflected as financing transactions.

Net property, plant, and equipment for Entergy (including property under capital lease and associated accumulated amortization) by business segment and functional category, as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, is shown below:
2014
 
 
Entergy
 
 
Utility
 
Entergy
Wholesale
Commodities
 
Parent &
Other
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Nuclear
 

$9,639

 

$6,586

 

$3,053

 

$—

Other
 
3,425

 
3,067

 
358

 

Transmission
 
4,197

 
4,164

 
33

 

Distribution
 
6,973

 
6,973

 

 

Other
 
1,521

 
1,373

 
145

 
3

Construction work in progress
 
1,426

 
969

 
456

 
1

Nuclear fuel
 
1,542

 
840

 
702

 

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$28,723

 

$23,972

 

$4,747

 

$4


2013
 
 
Entergy
 
 
Utility
 
Entergy
Wholesale
Commodities
 
Parent &
Other
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Nuclear
 

$9,667

 

$6,601

 

$3,066

 

$—

Other
 
2,836

 
2,465

 
371

 

Transmission
 
3,929

 
3,894

 
35

 

Distribution
 
6,716

 
6,716

 

 

Other
 
1,652

 
1,475

 
174

 
3

Construction work in progress
 
1,515

 
1,217

 
298

 

Nuclear fuel
 
1,567

 
855

 
712

 

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$27,882

 

$23,223

 

$4,656

 

$3



Depreciation rates on average depreciable property for Entergy approximated 2.8% in 2014, 2.6% in 2013, and 2.5% in 2012.  Included in these rates are the depreciation rates on average depreciable Utility property of 2.5% in 2014, 2.5% in 2013, and 2.4% 2012, and the depreciation rates on average depreciable Entergy Wholesale Commodities property of 5.5% in 2014, 4.1% in 2013, and 3.5% in 2012. The increase in 2014 for Entergy Wholesale Commodities resulted from implementation of a new depreciation study.

Entergy amortizes nuclear fuel using a units-of-production method.  Nuclear fuel amortization is included in fuel expense in the income statements.

“Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation)” for Entergy is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $185.5 million and $203 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Construction expenditures included in accounts payable is $209 million and $166 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Net property, plant, and equipment for the Registrant Subsidiaries (including property under capital lease and associated accumulated amortization) by company and functional category, as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, is shown below:
2014
 
Entergy
Arkansas
 
Entergy
Gulf States
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Mississippi
 
Entergy
New Orleans
 
Entergy
Texas
 
System
Energy
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nuclear
 

$1,097

 

$1,403

 

$2,151

 

$—

 

$—

 

$—

 

$1,935

Other
 
593

 
282

 
1,279

 
526

 
(11
)
 
399

 

Transmission
 
1,166

 
711

 
859

 
642

 
44

 
695

 
48

Distribution
 
1,928

 
1,004

 
1,443

 
1,125

 
357

 
1,116

 

Other
 
164

 
173

 
287

 
194

 
181

 
98

 
17

Construction work in progress
 
284

 
127

 
242

 
68

 
19

 
125

 
50

Nuclear fuel
 
294

 
132

 
163

 

 

 

 
251

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$5,526

 

$3,832

 

$6,424

 

$2,555

 

$590

 

$2,433

 

$2,301


2013
 
Entergy
Arkansas
 
Entergy
Gulf States
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Mississippi
 
Entergy
New Orleans
 
Entergy
Texas
 
System
Energy
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nuclear
 

$1,047

 

$1,422

 

$2,202

 

$—

 

$—

 

$—

 

$1,930

Other
 
609

 
271

 
684

 
537

 
(7
)
 
371

 

Transmission
 
1,086

 
646

 
770

 
638

 
31

 
673

 
49

Distribution
 
1,831

 
950

 
1,420

 
1,096

 
340

 
1,079

 

Other
 
192

 
184

 
292

 
197

 
181

 
106

 
17

Construction work in progress
 
209

 
105

 
673

 
37

 
29

 
95

 
29

Nuclear fuel
 
322

 
197

 
147

 

 

 

 
189

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$5,296

 

$3,775

 

$6,188

 

$2,505

 

$574

 

$2,324

 

$2,214



Depreciation rates on average depreciable property for the Registrant Subsidiaries are shown below:
 
 
Entergy
Arkansas
 
Entergy
Gulf States
Louisiana
 
 
Entergy
Louisiana
 
 
Entergy
Mississippi
 
Entergy
New Orleans
 
 
Entergy
Texas
 
 
System
Energy
2014
2.4%
 
1.8%
 
2.5%
 
2.6%
 
3.1%
 
2.5%
 
3.0%
2013
2.5%
 
1.8%
 
2.5%
 
2.6%
 
3.0%
 
2.5%
 
2.8%
2012
2.5%
 
1.8%
 
2.4%
 
2.6%
 
3.0%
 
2.4%
 
2.8%


Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Gulf States Louisiana is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $151 million and $146 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.  Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Louisiana is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $3.2 million and $3 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Mississippi is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $2.2 million and $2.1 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.  Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Texas is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $10.4 million and $10.4 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

As of December 31, 2014, construction expenditures included in accounts payable are $37.3 million for Entergy Arkansas, $23.4 million for Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, $48 million for Entergy Louisiana, $7.8 million for Entergy Mississippi, $0.9 million for Entergy New Orleans, $24.1 million for Entergy Texas, and $7.7 million for System Energy.  As of December 31, 2013, construction expenditures included in accounts payable are $61.9 million for Entergy Arkansas, $13.1 million for Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, $31.1 million for Entergy Louisiana, $2.8 million for Entergy Mississippi, $1.7 million for Entergy New Orleans, $10.9 million for Entergy Texas, and $6.7 million for System Energy.

Jointly-Owned Generating Stations

Certain Entergy subsidiaries jointly own electric generating facilities with affiliates or third parties.  The investments and expenses associated with these generating stations are recorded by the Entergy subsidiaries to the extent of their respective undivided ownership interests.  As of December 31, 2014, the subsidiaries’ investment and accumulated depreciation in each of these generating stations were as follows:



Generating Stations
 
 
 
Fuel-Type
 
Total
Megawatt
Capability (a)
 
 
 
Ownership
 
 
 
 
Investment
 
 
Accumulated
Depreciation
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(In Millions)
Utility business:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Entergy Arkansas -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Independence
 
Unit 1
 
Coal
 
839

 
31.50
%
 
 

$129

 

$98

 
 
Common Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
15.75
%
 
 

$34

 

$26

  White Bluff
 
Units 1 and 2
 
Coal
 
1,637

 
57.00
%
 
 

$503

 

$355

  Ouachita (b)
 
Common
Facilities
 
Gas
 
 
 
66.67
%
 
 

$169

 

$145

Entergy Gulf States
Louisiana -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6
 
Coal
 
537

 
40.25
%
 
 

$261

 

$181

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6 Common
Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
17.70
%
 
 

$10

 

$4

  Big Cajun 2
 
Unit 3
 
Coal
 
594

 
24.15
%
 
 

$149

 

$105

  Ouachita (b)
 
Common
Facilities
 
Gas
 
 
 
33.33
%
 
 

$87

 

$74

Entergy Louisiana -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Acadia
 
Common
Facilities
 
Gas
 
 
 
50.00
%
 
 

$19

 

$—

Entergy Mississippi -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Independence
 
Units 1 and 2
and Common
Facilities
 
Coal
 
1,681

 
25.00
%
 
 

$251

 

$149

Entergy Texas -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6
 
Coal
 
537

 
29.75
%
 
 

$188

 

$115

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6 Common
Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
13.07
%
 
 

$6

 

$2

  Big Cajun 2
 
Unit 3
 
Coal
 
594

 
17.85
%
 
 

$112

 

$72

System Energy -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Grand Gulf
 
Unit 1
 
Nuclear
 
1,409

 
90.00
%
(c)
 

$4,819

 

$2,820

Entergy Wholesale
Commodities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Independence
 
Unit 2
 
Coal
 
842

 
14.37
%
 
 

$69

 

$46

  Independence
 
Common  
Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
7.18
%
 
 

$16

 

$11

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6
 
Coal
 
537

 
10.9
%
 
 

$107

 

$57

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6 Common Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
4.79
%
 
 

$2

 

$1


(a)
“Total Megawatt Capability” is the dependable load carrying capability as demonstrated under actual operating conditions based on the primary fuel (assuming no curtailments) that each station was designed to utilize.
(b)
Ouachita Units 1 and 2 are owned 100% by Entergy Arkansas and Ouachita Unit 3 is owned 100% by Entergy Gulf States Louisiana.  The investment and accumulated depreciation numbers above are only for the common facilities and not for the generating units.
(c)
Includes a leasehold interest held by System Energy.  System Energy’s Grand Gulf lease obligations are discussed in Note 10 to the financial statements.

Nuclear Refueling Outage Costs

Nuclear refueling outage costs are deferred during the outage and amortized over the estimated period to the next outage because these refueling outage expenses are incurred to prepare the units to operate for the next operating cycle without having to be taken off line.

Allowance for Funds Used During Construction (AFUDC)

AFUDC represents the approximate net composite interest cost of borrowed funds and a reasonable return on the equity funds used for construction by the Registrant Subsidiaries.  AFUDC increases both the plant balance and earnings and is realized in cash through depreciation provisions included in the rates charged to customers.

Income Taxes

Entergy Corporation and the majority of its subsidiaries file a United States consolidated federal income tax return.  Each tax-paying entity records income taxes as if it were a separate taxpayer and consolidating adjustments are allocated to the tax filing entities in accordance with Entergy’s intercompany income tax allocation agreement.  Deferred income taxes are recorded for temporary differences between the book and tax basis of assets and liabilities, and for certain losses and credits available for carryforward.

Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates in the period in which the tax or rate was enacted.

The benefits of investment tax credits are deferred and amortized over the average useful life of the related property, as a reduction of income tax expense, for such credits associated with regulated operations in accordance with ratemaking treatment.

Earnings per Share

The following table presents Entergy’s basic and diluted earnings per share calculation included on the consolidated statements of income:
 
For the Years Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
(In Millions, Except Per Share Data)
 
 
 
$/share
 
 
 
$/share
 
 
 
$/share
Net income attributable to Entergy Corporation

$940.7

 
 

 

$711.9

 
 

 

$846.7

 
 

Basic earnings per average common share
179.5

 

$5.24

 
178.2

 

$3.99

 
177.3

 

$4.77

Average dilutive effect of:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Stock options
0.3

 
(0.01
)
 
0.1

 

 
0.3

 
(0.01
)
Other equity plans
0.5

 
(0.01
)
 
0.3

 

 
0.1

 

Diluted earnings per average common shares
180.3

 

$5.22

 
178.6

 

$3.99

 
177.7

 

$4.76


The calculation of diluted earnings per share excluded 5,743,013 options outstanding at December 31, 2014, 8,866,542 options outstanding at December 31, 2013, and 7,164,319 options outstanding at December 31, 2012 that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future.  Those options were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the exercise price of those options exceeded the average market price for the year.

Stock-based Compensation Plans

Entergy grants stock options, restricted stock, performance units, and restricted liability awards to key employees of the Entergy subsidiaries under its Equity Ownership Plans, which are shareholder-approved stock-based compensation plans.  These plans are described more fully in Note 12 to the financial statements.  The cost of the stock-based compensation is charged to income over the vesting period.  Awards under Entergy’s plans generally vest over 3 years.

Accounting for the Effects of Regulation

Entergy’s Utility operating companies and System Energy are rate-regulated enterprises whose rates meet three criteria specified in accounting standards.  The Utility operating companies and System Energy have rates that (i) are approved by a body (its regulator) empowered to set rates that bind customers; (ii) are cost-based; and (iii) can be charged to and collected from customers.  These criteria may also be applied to separable portions of a utility’s business, such as the generation or transmission functions, or to specific classes of customers.  Because the Utility operating companies and System Energy meet these criteria, each of them capitalizes costs that would otherwise be charged to expense if the rate actions of its regulator make it probable that those costs will be recovered in future revenue.  Such capitalized costs are reflected as regulatory assets in the accompanying financial statements.  When an enterprise concludes that recovery of a regulatory asset is no longer probable, the regulatory asset must be removed from the entity’s balance sheet.

An enterprise that ceases to meet the three criteria for all or part of its operations should report that event in its financial statements.  In general, the enterprise no longer meeting the criteria should eliminate from its balance sheet all regulatory assets and liabilities related to the applicable operations.  Additionally, if it is determined that a regulated enterprise is no longer recovering all of its costs, it is possible that an impairment may exist that could require further write-offs of plant assets.

Entergy Gulf States Louisiana does not apply regulatory accounting standards to the Louisiana retail deregulated portion of River Bend, the 30% interest in River Bend formerly owned by Cajun, and its steam business, unless specific cost recovery is provided for in tariff rates.  The Louisiana retail deregulated portion of River Bend is operated under a deregulated asset plan representing a portion (approximately 15%) of River Bend plant costs, generation, revenues, and expenses established under a 1992 LPSC order.  The plan allows Entergy Gulf States Louisiana to sell the electricity from the deregulated assets to Louisiana retail customers at 4.6 cents per kWh or off-system at higher prices, with certain provisions for sharing incremental revenue above 4.6 cents per kWh between customers and shareholders.

Regulatory Asset for Income Taxes

Accounting standards for income taxes provide that a regulatory asset or liability be recorded if it is probable that the currently determinable future increase or decrease in regulatory income tax expense will be recovered from or reimbursed to customers through future rates. The primary source of Entergy’s regulatory asset for income taxes is related to the ratemaking treatment of the tax effects of book depreciation for the equity component of AFUDC that has been capitalized to property, plant, and equipment but for which there is no corresponding tax basis. Equity-AFUDC is a component of property, plant, and equipment that is included in rate base when the plant is placed in service.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Entergy considers all unrestricted highly liquid debt instruments with an original maturity of three months or less at date of purchase to be cash equivalents.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects Entergy’s best estimate of losses on the accounts receivable balances.  The allowance is based on accounts receivable agings, historical experience, and other currently available evidence.  Utility operating company customer accounts receivable are written off consistent with approved regulatory requirements.

Investments

Entergy records decommissioning trust funds on the balance sheet at their fair value.  Because of the ability of the Registrant Subsidiaries to recover decommissioning costs in rates and in accordance with the regulatory treatment for decommissioning trust funds, the Registrant Subsidiaries record an offsetting amount in other regulatory liabilities/assets for the unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities.  For the 30% interest in River Bend formerly owned by Cajun, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana has recorded an offsetting amount in other deferred credits for the unrealized gains/(losses).  Decommissioning trust funds for Pilgrim, Indian Point 2, Vermont Yankee, and Palisades do not meet the criteria for regulatory accounting treatment.  Accordingly, unrealized gains recorded on the assets in these trust funds are recognized in the accumulated other comprehensive income component of equity because these assets are classified as available for sale.  Unrealized losses (where cost exceeds fair market value) on the assets in these trust funds are also recorded in the accumulated other comprehensive income component of equity unless the unrealized loss is other than temporary and therefore recorded in earnings.  The assessment of whether an investment in a debt security has suffered an other-than-temporary impairment is based on whether Entergy has the intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized costs.  Further, if Entergy does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the debt security, an other-than-temporary impairment is considered to have occurred and it is measured by the present value of cash flows expected to be collected less the amortized cost basis (credit loss).  The assessment of whether an investment in an equity security has suffered an other-than-temporary impairment is based on a number of factors including, first, whether Entergy has the ability and intent to hold the investment to recover its value, the duration and severity of any losses, and, then, whether it is expected that the investment will recover its value within a reasonable period of time.  Entergy’s trusts are managed by third parties who operate in accordance with agreements that define investment guidelines and place restrictions on the purchases and sales of investments.  See Note 17 to the financial statements for details on the decommissioning trust funds.

Equity Method Investments

Entergy owns investments that are accounted for under the equity method of accounting because Entergy’s ownership level results in significant influence, but not control, over the investee and its operations.  Entergy records its share of the investee's comprehensive earnings and losses in income and as an increase or decrease to the investment account. Any cash distributions are charged against the investment account. Entergy discontinues the recognition of losses on equity investments when its share of losses equals or exceeds its carrying amount for an investee plus any advances made or commitments to provide additional financial support.  See Note 14 to the financial statements for additional information regarding Entergy’s equity method investments.

Derivative Financial Instruments and Commodity Derivatives

The accounting standards for derivative instruments and hedging activities require that all derivatives be recognized at fair value on the balance sheet, either as assets or liabilities, unless they meet various exceptions including the normal purchase, normal sales criteria.  The changes in the fair value of recognized derivatives are recorded each period in current earnings or other comprehensive income, depending on whether a derivative is designated as part of a hedge transaction and the type of hedge transaction. Due to regulatory treatment, an offsetting regulatory asset or liability is recorded for changes in fair value of recognized derivatives for the Registrant Subsidiaries.

Contracts for commodities that will be physically delivered in quantities expected to be used or sold in the ordinary course of business, including certain purchases and sales of power and fuel, meet the normal purchase, normal sales criteria and are not recognized on the balance sheet.  Revenues and expenses from these contracts are reported on a gross basis in the appropriate revenue and expense categories as the commodities are received or delivered.

For other contracts for commodities in which Entergy is hedging the variability of cash flows related to a variable-rate asset, liability, or forecasted transactions that qualify as cash flow hedges, the changes in the fair value of such derivative instruments are reported in other comprehensive income.  To qualify for hedge accounting, the relationship between the hedging instrument and the hedged item must be documented to include the risk management objective and strategy and, at inception and on an ongoing basis, the effectiveness of the hedge in offsetting the changes in the cash flows of the item being hedged.  Gains or losses accumulated in other comprehensive income are reclassified to earnings in the periods when the underlying transactions actually occur.  The ineffective portions of all hedges are recognized in current-period earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments that are not designated as cash flow hedges are recorded in current-period earnings on a mark-to-market basis.

Entergy has determined that contracts to purchase uranium do not meet the definition of a derivative under the accounting standards for derivative instruments because they do not provide for net settlement and the uranium markets are not sufficiently liquid to conclude that forward contracts are readily convertible to cash.  If the uranium markets do become sufficiently liquid in the future and Entergy begins to account for uranium purchase contracts as derivative instruments, the fair value of these contracts would be accounted for consistent with Entergy’s other derivative instruments.

Fair Values

The estimated fair values of Entergy’s financial instruments and derivatives are determined using bid prices, market quotes, and financial modeling.  Considerable judgment is required in developing the estimates of fair value.  Therefore, estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that Entergy could realize in a current market exchange.  Gains or losses realized on financial instruments held by regulated businesses may be reflected in future rates and therefore do not accrue to the benefit or detriment of stockholders.  Entergy considers the carrying amounts of most financial instruments classified as current assets and liabilities to be a reasonable estimate of their fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.  See Note 16 to the financial statements for further discussion of fair value.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Entergy periodically reviews long-lived assets held in all of its business segments whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that recoverability of these assets is uncertain.  Generally, the determination of recoverability is based on the undiscounted net cash flows expected to result from such operations and assets.  Projected net cash flows depend on the future operating costs associated with the assets, the efficiency and availability of the assets and generating units, and the future market and price for energy over the remaining life of the assets.

Two nuclear power plants in the Entergy Wholesale Commodities business segment (Indian Point 2 and Indian Point 3) have an application pending for renewed NRC licenses.  Various parties have expressed opposition to renewal of the licenses.  Under federal law, nuclear power plants may continue to operate beyond their original license expiration dates while their timely filed renewal applications are pending NRC approval.  On September 28, 2013, Indian Point 2 reached the expiration date of its original NRC operating license and entered into the period of extended operation under the timely renewal rule. In December 2015, Indian Point 3 will reach the expiration date of its original NRC operations license and, similarly, will enter the period of extended operation under the timely renewal rule if its license is not renewed before then. If the NRC does not renew the operating license for either of these plants, the plant’s operating life could be shortened, reducing its projected net cash flows and potentially impairing its value as an asset.

In March 2011 the NRC renewed Vermont Yankee’s operating license for an additional 20 years.  The renewed operating license expires in March 2032. Vermont Yankee operated under a Certificate of Public Good from the State of Vermont that was scheduled to expire in March 2012, but had an amended petition pending before the Vermont Public Service Board (VPSB) for a renewed Certificate of Public Good to operate until March 2032.  

In June 2013 the VPSB completed hearings on Entergy’s amended petition for a Certificate of Public Good to continuing operating Vermont Yankee. In August 2013, Entergy announced that it planned to close Vermont Yankee at the end of 2014 and that same day filed a second amended petition seeking authorization to operate the plant only until that date. In December 2013, Entergy and Vermont entered into a settlement agreement, with an accompanying memorandum of understanding that was filed with the VPSB, under which Vermont agreed to support Entergy’s request to operate Vermont Yankee until the end of 2014. The settlement agreement provided for Entergy to make $10 million in economic transition payments, $5 million in clean energy development support, and a transitional $5 million payment to Vermont. The settlement agreement also provided for Entergy to set aside a new $25 million fund to ensure the Vermont Yankee site is restored after decommissioning. These terms were contingent upon the VPSB issuing by March 31, 2014 a Certificate of Public Good authorizing Vermont Yankee’s operation through 2014, and otherwise conforming to the terms of the settlement agreement. The settlement agreement also provided for the dismissal or discontinuation of other litigation between Entergy and Vermont. On March 28, 2014, the VPSB approved the memorandum of understanding and issued a Certificate of Public Good authorizing Vermont Yankee to operate until December 31, 2014.  In May 2014 the VPSB denied a motion that had been filed by one of the intervenors to amend its approval order. Pursuant to its commitment in the settlement agreement, Entergy Vermont Yankee provided to the Vermont parties in October 2014, a site assessment study of the costs and tasks of radiological decommissioning, spent nuclear fuel management, and site restoration of Vermont Yankee.  Entergy Vermont Yankee also filed its Post-Shutdown Decommissioning Activities Report (PSDAR) for Vermont Yankee with the NRC in December 2014.

Because of the uncertainty regarding the continued operation of Vermont Yankee, Entergy tested the recoverability of the plant and related assets in each quarter since the first quarter 2010 after a bill to approve the continued operation of Vermont Yankee was defeated in the Vermont legislature. Vermont law at that time required legislative approval of Vermont Yankee’s continued operation although that law was later invalidated by the U.S. federal courts as preempted by the Atomic Energy Act.  The determination of recoverability is based on the probability-weighted undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the plant and related assets.  Projected net cash flows primarily depend on the status of the pending legal and state regulatory matters, as well as projections of future revenues and expenses over the remaining life of the plant.  Prior to the first quarter 2012, the probability-weighted undiscounted net cash flows exceeded the carrying value of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets.  The decline, however, in the overall energy market and the projected forward prices of power as of March 31, 2012, which are significant inputs in the determination of net cash flows, resulted in the probability-weighted undiscounted future cash flows being less than the asset group’s carrying value.  Entergy performed a fair value analysis based on the income approach, a discounted cash flow method, to determine the amount of impairment. The estimated fair value of the plant and related assets at March 31, 2012 was $162 million, while the carrying value was $517.5 million.  Therefore, the assets were written down to their fair value and an impairment charge of $355.5 million ($223.5 million after-tax) was recognized.  The impairment charge was recorded as a separate line item in Entergy’s consolidated statement of income for 2012, and is included within the results of the Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment.

The estimate of fair value was based on the price that Entergy would expect to receive in a hypothetical sale of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets to a market participant on March 31, 2012. In order to determine this price, Entergy used significant observable inputs, including quoted forward power and gas prices, where available. Significant unobservable inputs, such as projected long-term pre-tax operating margins (cash basis), and estimated weighted average costs of capital were also used in the estimation of fair value. In addition, Entergy made certain assumptions regarding future tax deductions associated with the plant and related assets. Based on the use of significant unobservable inputs, the fair value measurement for the entirety of the asset group, and for each type of asset within the asset group, is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy discussed in Note 16 to the financial statements.

The following table sets forth a description of significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets as of March 31, 2012:
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Range
 
Weighted Average
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average cost of capital
 
7.5%-8.0%
 
7.8%
Long-term pre-tax operating margin (cash basis)
 
6.1%-7.8%
 
7.2%


On August 27, 2013, Entergy announced its plan to close and decommission Vermont Yankee at the end of its fuel cycle at the end of 2014. This decision was approved by the Board in August 2013, although the exact date of shutdown was not determined. The decision to shut down the plant was primarily due to sustained low natural gas and wholesale energy prices, the high cost structure of the plant, and lack of a market structure that adequately compensates merchant nuclear plants for their environmental and fuel diversity benefits in the region in which the plant operates.

As a result of the decision to shut down the plant, Entergy recognized non-cash impairment and other related charges of $291.5 million ($183.7 million after-tax) during the third quarter 2013 to write down the carrying value of Vermont Yankee and related assets to their fair values. Entergy performed a fair value analysis based on the income approach, a discounted cash flow method, to determine the amount of impairment. The estimated fair value of the plant and related assets was $62 million, while the carrying value was $349 million. The carrying value of $349 million reflected the effect of a $58 million increase in Vermont Yankee’s estimated decommissioning cost liability and the related asset retirement cost asset. The increase in the estimated decommissioning cost liability resulted from the change in expectation regarding the timing of decommissioning cash flows due to the decision to cease operations. Impairment and other related charges were recorded as a separate line item in Entergy’s consolidated statements of income for 2013 and this impairment charge is included within the results of the Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment.

The estimate of fair value was based on the price that Entergy would expect to receive in a hypothetical sale of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets to a market participant.  In order to determine this price, Entergy used significant observable inputs, including quoted forward power and gas prices, where available.  Significant unobservable inputs, such as projected long-term pre-tax operating margins (cash basis), and estimated weighted average costs of capital were also used in the estimation of fair value.  In addition, Entergy made certain assumptions regarding future tax deductions associated with the plant and related assets.  Based on the use of significant unobservable inputs, the fair value measurement for the entirety of the asset group, and for each type of asset within the asset group, is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy discussed in Note 16 to the financial statements.

The following table sets forth a description of significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets as of July 31, 2013:
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Amount
 
 
 
Weighted average cost of capital
 
7.5%
Long-term pre-tax operating margin (cash basis)
 
7.0%


Entergy’s Accounting Policy group, which reports to the Chief Accounting Officer, was primarily responsible for determining the valuation of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets, in consultation with external advisors.  Accounting Policy obtained and reviewed information from other Entergy departments with expertise on the various inputs and assumptions that were necessary to calculate the fair value of the asset group.

As a result of the settlement agreement entered into by Entergy and Vermont regarding the remaining operation and decommissioning of Vermont Yankee discussed above, Entergy reassessed its assumptions regarding the timing of decommissioning cash flows for Vermont Yankee. The reassessment resulted in a $27.2 million increase in the decommissioning cost liability and a corresponding impairment charge, recorded in December 2013. As part of the development of the site assessment study and PSDAR, Entergy obtained a revised decommissioning cost study in the third quarter 2014. The revised estimate, along with reassessment of the assumptions regarding the timing of decommissioning cash flows, resulted in a $101.6 million increase in the decommissioning cost liability and a corresponding impairment charge, recorded in September 2014. Impairment charges are recorded as a separate line item in Entergy’s consolidated statements of income for 2014 and 2013, and this impairment charge is included within the results of the Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment.

In addition to the $101.6 million impairment charge in September 2014 and depreciation recorded on the remaining plant balance in 2014, Entergy also recorded charges of $45.8 million related to severance and employee retention costs in 2014 relating to the shutdown of Vermont Yankee.

Vermont Yankee ceased operation in December 2014. In January 2015, Vermont Yankee completed the defueling of the reactor and submitted the certification of permanent cessation of operations and permanent removal of fuel from the reactor vessel to the NRC.

River Bend AFUDC

The River Bend AFUDC gross-up is a regulatory asset that represents the incremental difference imputed by the LPSC between the AFUDC actually recorded by Entergy Gulf States Louisiana on a net-of-tax basis during the construction of River Bend and what the AFUDC would have been on a pre-tax basis.  The imputed amount was only calculated on that portion of River Bend that the LPSC allowed in rate base and is being amortized through August 2025.

Reacquired Debt

The premiums and costs associated with reacquired debt of Entergy’s Utility operating companies and System Energy (except that portion allocable to the deregulated operations of Entergy Gulf States Louisiana) are included in regulatory assets and are being amortized over the life of the related new issuances, or over the life of the original debt issuance if the debt is not refinanced, in accordance with ratemaking treatment.

Taxes Imposed on Revenue-Producing Transactions

Governmental authorities assess taxes that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction between a seller and a customer, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added, and some excise taxes.  Entergy presents these taxes on a net basis, excluding them from revenues, unless required to report them differently by a regulatory authority.

Presentation of Preferred Stock without Sinking Fund

Accounting standards regarding non-controlling interests and the classification and measurement of redeemable securities require the classification of preferred securities between liabilities and shareholders’ equity on the balance sheet if the holders of those securities have protective rights that allow them to gain control of the board of directors in certain circumstances.  These rights would have the effect of giving the holders the ability to potentially redeem their securities, even if the likelihood of occurrence of these circumstances is considered remote.  The Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans articles of incorporation provide, generally, that the holders of each company’s preferred securities may elect a majority of the respective company’s board of directors if dividends are not paid for a year, until such time as the dividends in arrears are paid.  Therefore, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans present their preferred securities outstanding between liabilities and shareholders’ equity on the balance sheet.  Entergy Gulf States Louisiana and Entergy Louisiana, both organized as limited liability companies, have outstanding preferred securities with similar protective rights with respect to unpaid dividends, but provide for the election of board members that would not constitute a majority of the board; and their preferred securities are therefore classified for all periods presented as a component of members’ equity.

The outstanding preferred securities of Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, and Entergy Finance Holding (an Entergy Wholesale Commodities subsidiary), whose preferred holders also have protective rights, are similarly presented between liabilities and equity on Entergy’s consolidated balance sheets and the outstanding preferred securities of Entergy Gulf States Louisiana and Entergy Louisiana are presented within total equity in Entergy’s consolidated balance sheets.  The preferred dividends or distributions paid by all subsidiaries are reflected for all periods presented outside of consolidated net income.

New Accounting Pronouncements

The accounting standard-setting process, including projects between the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) to converge U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards, is ongoing and the FASB and the IASB are each currently working on several projects.  Final pronouncements that result from these projects could have a material effect on Entergy’s future net income, financial position, or cash flows.

In April 2014 the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-08, “Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205) and Property Plant, and Equipment (Topic 360): Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity” which changes the requirements for reporting discontinued operations. The ASU states that a disposal of a component of an entity or a group of components of an entity is required to be reported in discontinued operations if the disposal represents a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results when the component of an entity or group of components of an entity meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale, is disposed of by sale, or is disposed of other than by sale. The amendments in this ASU also require additional disclosures about discontinued operations. ASU 2014-08 is effective for Entergy for the first quarter 2015. Entergy does not currently expect ASU 2014-08 to affect materially its results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

In May 2014 the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” The ASU’s core principle is that “an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.” The ASU details a five-step model that should be followed to achieve the core principle. ASU 2014-09 is effective for Entergy for the first quarter 2017. Entergy does not expect ASU 2014-09 to affect materially its results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

In November 2014 the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-16, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Determining Whether the Host Contract in a Hybrid Financial Instrument Issued in the Form of a Share Is More Akin to Debt or to Equity.” The ASU states that for hybrid financial instruments issued in the form of a share, an entity should determine the nature of the host contract by considering all stated and implied substantive terms and features of the hybrid financial instrument, weighing each term and feature on the basis of relevant facts and circumstances. ASU 2014-16 is effective for Entergy for the first quarter 2016. Entergy does not expect ASU 2014-16 to affect materially its results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.
Entergy Texas [Member]  
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Entergy Corporation and its subsidiaries.  As required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, all intercompany transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.  Entergy’s Registrant Subsidiaries (Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy) also include their separate financial statements in this Form 10-K.  The Registrant Subsidiaries and many other Entergy subsidiaries maintain accounts in accordance with FERC and other regulatory guidelines.  

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements

In conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, the preparation of Entergy Corporation’s consolidated financial statements and the separate financial statements of the Registrant Subsidiaries requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.  Adjustments to the reported amounts of assets and liabilities may be necessary in the future to the extent that future estimates or actual results are different from the estimates used.

Revenues and Fuel Costs

Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy Texas generate, transmit, and distribute electric power primarily to retail customers in Arkansas, Louisiana, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas, respectively.  Entergy Gulf States Louisiana also distributes natural gas to retail customers in and around Baton Rouge, Louisiana.  Entergy New Orleans sells both electric power and natural gas to retail customers in the City of New Orleans, except for Algiers, where Entergy Louisiana is the electric power supplier.  The Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment derives almost all of its revenue from sales of electric power generated by plants owned by subsidiaries in that segment.

Entergy recognizes revenue from electric power and natural gas sales when power or gas is delivered to customers.  To the extent that deliveries have occurred but a bill has not been issued, Entergy’s Utility operating companies accrue an estimate of the revenues for energy delivered since the latest billings.  The Utility operating companies calculate the estimate based upon several factors including billings through the last billing cycle in a month, actual generation in the month, historical line loss factors, and prices in effect in Entergy’s Utility operating companies’ various jurisdictions.  Changes are made to the inputs in the estimate as needed to reflect changes in billing practices.  Each month the estimated unbilled revenue amounts are recorded as revenue and unbilled accounts receivable, and the prior month’s estimate is reversed.  Therefore, changes in price and volume differences resulting from factors such as weather affect the calculation of unbilled revenues from one period to the next, and may result in variability in reported revenues from one period to the next as prior estimates are reversed and new estimates recorded.

Entergy records revenue from sales under rates implemented subject to refund less estimated amounts accrued for probable refunds when Entergy believes it is probable that revenues will be refunded to customers based upon the status of the rate proceeding as of the date the financial statements are prepared.

Entergy’s Utility operating companies’ rate schedules include either fuel adjustment clauses or fixed fuel factors, which allow either current recovery in billings to customers or deferral of fuel costs until the costs are billed to customers.  Where the fuel component of revenues is billed based on a pre-determined fuel cost (fixed fuel factor), the fuel factor remains in effect until changed as part of a general rate case, fuel reconciliation, or fixed fuel factor filing. System Energy’s operating revenues are intended to recover from Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans operating expenses and capital costs attributable to Grand Gulf.  The capital costs are computed by allowing a return on System Energy’s common equity funds allocable to its net investment in Grand Gulf, plus System Energy’s effective interest cost for its debt allocable to its investment in Grand Gulf.

Accounting for MISO transactions

In December 2013, Entergy joined MISO, a regional transmission organization that maintains functional control over the combined transmission systems of its members and manages one of the largest energy markets in the U.S. In the MISO market, Entergy offers its generation and bids its load into the market on an hourly basis. MISO settles these hourly offers and bids based on locational marginal prices, which is pricing for energy at a given location based on a market clearing price that takes into account physical limitations on the transmission system, generation, and demand throughout the MISO region. MISO evaluates the market participants’ energy offers and demand bids to economically and reliably dispatch the entire MISO system. Entergy nets purchases and sales within the MISO market on an hourly basis and reports in operating revenues when in a net selling position and in operating expenses when in a net purchasing position.  

Property, Plant, and Equipment

Property, plant, and equipment is stated at original cost.  Depreciation is computed on the straight-line basis at rates based on the applicable estimated service lives of the various classes of property. For the Registrant Subsidiaries, the original cost of plant retired or removed, less salvage, is charged to accumulated depreciation.  Normal maintenance, repairs, and minor replacement costs are charged to operating expenses.  Substantially all of the Registrant Subsidiaries’ plant is subject to mortgage liens.

Electric plant includes the portions of Grand Gulf and Waterford 3 that have been sold and leased back.  For financial reporting purposes, these sale and leaseback arrangements are reflected as financing transactions.

Net property, plant, and equipment for Entergy (including property under capital lease and associated accumulated amortization) by business segment and functional category, as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, is shown below:
2014
 
 
Entergy
 
 
Utility
 
Entergy
Wholesale
Commodities
 
Parent &
Other
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Nuclear
 

$9,639

 

$6,586

 

$3,053

 

$—

Other
 
3,425

 
3,067

 
358

 

Transmission
 
4,197

 
4,164

 
33

 

Distribution
 
6,973

 
6,973

 

 

Other
 
1,521

 
1,373

 
145

 
3

Construction work in progress
 
1,426

 
969

 
456

 
1

Nuclear fuel
 
1,542

 
840

 
702

 

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$28,723

 

$23,972

 

$4,747

 

$4


2013
 
 
Entergy
 
 
Utility
 
Entergy
Wholesale
Commodities
 
Parent &
Other
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Nuclear
 

$9,667

 

$6,601

 

$3,066

 

$—

Other
 
2,836

 
2,465

 
371

 

Transmission
 
3,929

 
3,894

 
35

 

Distribution
 
6,716

 
6,716

 

 

Other
 
1,652

 
1,475

 
174

 
3

Construction work in progress
 
1,515

 
1,217

 
298

 

Nuclear fuel
 
1,567

 
855

 
712

 

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$27,882

 

$23,223

 

$4,656

 

$3



Depreciation rates on average depreciable property for Entergy approximated 2.8% in 2014, 2.6% in 2013, and 2.5% in 2012.  Included in these rates are the depreciation rates on average depreciable Utility property of 2.5% in 2014, 2.5% in 2013, and 2.4% 2012, and the depreciation rates on average depreciable Entergy Wholesale Commodities property of 5.5% in 2014, 4.1% in 2013, and 3.5% in 2012. The increase in 2014 for Entergy Wholesale Commodities resulted from implementation of a new depreciation study.

Entergy amortizes nuclear fuel using a units-of-production method.  Nuclear fuel amortization is included in fuel expense in the income statements.

“Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation)” for Entergy is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $185.5 million and $203 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Construction expenditures included in accounts payable is $209 million and $166 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Net property, plant, and equipment for the Registrant Subsidiaries (including property under capital lease and associated accumulated amortization) by company and functional category, as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, is shown below:
2014
 
Entergy
Arkansas
 
Entergy
Gulf States
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Mississippi
 
Entergy
New Orleans
 
Entergy
Texas
 
System
Energy
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nuclear
 

$1,097

 

$1,403

 

$2,151

 

$—

 

$—

 

$—

 

$1,935

Other
 
593

 
282

 
1,279

 
526

 
(11
)
 
399

 

Transmission
 
1,166

 
711

 
859

 
642

 
44

 
695

 
48

Distribution
 
1,928

 
1,004

 
1,443

 
1,125

 
357

 
1,116

 

Other
 
164

 
173

 
287

 
194

 
181

 
98

 
17

Construction work in progress
 
284

 
127

 
242

 
68

 
19

 
125

 
50

Nuclear fuel
 
294

 
132

 
163

 

 

 

 
251

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$5,526

 

$3,832

 

$6,424

 

$2,555

 

$590

 

$2,433

 

$2,301


2013
 
Entergy
Arkansas
 
Entergy
Gulf States
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Mississippi
 
Entergy
New Orleans
 
Entergy
Texas
 
System
Energy
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nuclear
 

$1,047

 

$1,422

 

$2,202

 

$—

 

$—

 

$—

 

$1,930

Other
 
609

 
271

 
684

 
537

 
(7
)
 
371

 

Transmission
 
1,086

 
646

 
770

 
638

 
31

 
673

 
49

Distribution
 
1,831

 
950

 
1,420

 
1,096

 
340

 
1,079

 

Other
 
192

 
184

 
292

 
197

 
181

 
106

 
17

Construction work in progress
 
209

 
105

 
673

 
37

 
29

 
95

 
29

Nuclear fuel
 
322

 
197

 
147

 

 

 

 
189

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$5,296

 

$3,775

 

$6,188

 

$2,505

 

$574

 

$2,324

 

$2,214



Depreciation rates on average depreciable property for the Registrant Subsidiaries are shown below:
 
 
Entergy
Arkansas
 
Entergy
Gulf States
Louisiana
 
 
Entergy
Louisiana
 
 
Entergy
Mississippi
 
Entergy
New Orleans
 
 
Entergy
Texas
 
 
System
Energy
2014
2.4%
 
1.8%
 
2.5%
 
2.6%
 
3.1%
 
2.5%
 
3.0%
2013
2.5%
 
1.8%
 
2.5%
 
2.6%
 
3.0%
 
2.5%
 
2.8%
2012
2.5%
 
1.8%
 
2.4%
 
2.6%
 
3.0%
 
2.4%
 
2.8%


Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Gulf States Louisiana is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $151 million and $146 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.  Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Louisiana is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $3.2 million and $3 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Mississippi is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $2.2 million and $2.1 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.  Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Texas is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $10.4 million and $10.4 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

As of December 31, 2014, construction expenditures included in accounts payable are $37.3 million for Entergy Arkansas, $23.4 million for Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, $48 million for Entergy Louisiana, $7.8 million for Entergy Mississippi, $0.9 million for Entergy New Orleans, $24.1 million for Entergy Texas, and $7.7 million for System Energy.  As of December 31, 2013, construction expenditures included in accounts payable are $61.9 million for Entergy Arkansas, $13.1 million for Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, $31.1 million for Entergy Louisiana, $2.8 million for Entergy Mississippi, $1.7 million for Entergy New Orleans, $10.9 million for Entergy Texas, and $6.7 million for System Energy.

Jointly-Owned Generating Stations

Certain Entergy subsidiaries jointly own electric generating facilities with affiliates or third parties.  The investments and expenses associated with these generating stations are recorded by the Entergy subsidiaries to the extent of their respective undivided ownership interests.  As of December 31, 2014, the subsidiaries’ investment and accumulated depreciation in each of these generating stations were as follows:



Generating Stations
 
 
 
Fuel-Type
 
Total
Megawatt
Capability (a)
 
 
 
Ownership
 
 
 
 
Investment
 
 
Accumulated
Depreciation
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(In Millions)
Utility business:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Entergy Arkansas -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Independence
 
Unit 1
 
Coal
 
839

 
31.50
%
 
 

$129

 

$98

 
 
Common Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
15.75
%
 
 

$34

 

$26

  White Bluff
 
Units 1 and 2
 
Coal
 
1,637

 
57.00
%
 
 

$503

 

$355

  Ouachita (b)
 
Common
Facilities
 
Gas
 
 
 
66.67
%
 
 

$169

 

$145

Entergy Gulf States
Louisiana -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6
 
Coal
 
537

 
40.25
%
 
 

$261

 

$181

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6 Common
Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
17.70
%
 
 

$10

 

$4

  Big Cajun 2
 
Unit 3
 
Coal
 
594

 
24.15
%
 
 

$149

 

$105

  Ouachita (b)
 
Common
Facilities
 
Gas
 
 
 
33.33
%
 
 

$87

 

$74

Entergy Louisiana -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Acadia
 
Common
Facilities
 
Gas
 
 
 
50.00
%
 
 

$19

 

$—

Entergy Mississippi -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Independence
 
Units 1 and 2
and Common
Facilities
 
Coal
 
1,681

 
25.00
%
 
 

$251

 

$149

Entergy Texas -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6
 
Coal
 
537

 
29.75
%
 
 

$188

 

$115

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6 Common
Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
13.07
%
 
 

$6

 

$2

  Big Cajun 2
 
Unit 3
 
Coal
 
594

 
17.85
%
 
 

$112

 

$72

System Energy -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Grand Gulf
 
Unit 1
 
Nuclear
 
1,409

 
90.00
%
(c)
 

$4,819

 

$2,820

Entergy Wholesale
Commodities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Independence
 
Unit 2
 
Coal
 
842

 
14.37
%
 
 

$69

 

$46

  Independence
 
Common  
Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
7.18
%
 
 

$16

 

$11

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6
 
Coal
 
537

 
10.9
%
 
 

$107

 

$57

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6 Common Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
4.79
%
 
 

$2

 

$1


(a)
“Total Megawatt Capability” is the dependable load carrying capability as demonstrated under actual operating conditions based on the primary fuel (assuming no curtailments) that each station was designed to utilize.
(b)
Ouachita Units 1 and 2 are owned 100% by Entergy Arkansas and Ouachita Unit 3 is owned 100% by Entergy Gulf States Louisiana.  The investment and accumulated depreciation numbers above are only for the common facilities and not for the generating units.
(c)
Includes a leasehold interest held by System Energy.  System Energy’s Grand Gulf lease obligations are discussed in Note 10 to the financial statements.

Nuclear Refueling Outage Costs

Nuclear refueling outage costs are deferred during the outage and amortized over the estimated period to the next outage because these refueling outage expenses are incurred to prepare the units to operate for the next operating cycle without having to be taken off line.

Allowance for Funds Used During Construction (AFUDC)

AFUDC represents the approximate net composite interest cost of borrowed funds and a reasonable return on the equity funds used for construction by the Registrant Subsidiaries.  AFUDC increases both the plant balance and earnings and is realized in cash through depreciation provisions included in the rates charged to customers.

Income Taxes

Entergy Corporation and the majority of its subsidiaries file a United States consolidated federal income tax return.  Each tax-paying entity records income taxes as if it were a separate taxpayer and consolidating adjustments are allocated to the tax filing entities in accordance with Entergy’s intercompany income tax allocation agreement.  Deferred income taxes are recorded for temporary differences between the book and tax basis of assets and liabilities, and for certain losses and credits available for carryforward.

Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates in the period in which the tax or rate was enacted.

The benefits of investment tax credits are deferred and amortized over the average useful life of the related property, as a reduction of income tax expense, for such credits associated with regulated operations in accordance with ratemaking treatment.

Earnings per Share

The following table presents Entergy’s basic and diluted earnings per share calculation included on the consolidated statements of income:
 
For the Years Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
(In Millions, Except Per Share Data)
 
 
 
$/share
 
 
 
$/share
 
 
 
$/share
Net income attributable to Entergy Corporation

$940.7

 
 

 

$711.9

 
 

 

$846.7

 
 

Basic earnings per average common share
179.5

 

$5.24

 
178.2

 

$3.99

 
177.3

 

$4.77

Average dilutive effect of:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Stock options
0.3

 
(0.01
)
 
0.1

 

 
0.3

 
(0.01
)
Other equity plans
0.5

 
(0.01
)
 
0.3

 

 
0.1

 

Diluted earnings per average common shares
180.3

 

$5.22

 
178.6

 

$3.99

 
177.7

 

$4.76


The calculation of diluted earnings per share excluded 5,743,013 options outstanding at December 31, 2014, 8,866,542 options outstanding at December 31, 2013, and 7,164,319 options outstanding at December 31, 2012 that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future.  Those options were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the exercise price of those options exceeded the average market price for the year.

Stock-based Compensation Plans

Entergy grants stock options, restricted stock, performance units, and restricted liability awards to key employees of the Entergy subsidiaries under its Equity Ownership Plans, which are shareholder-approved stock-based compensation plans.  These plans are described more fully in Note 12 to the financial statements.  The cost of the stock-based compensation is charged to income over the vesting period.  Awards under Entergy’s plans generally vest over 3 years.

Accounting for the Effects of Regulation

Entergy’s Utility operating companies and System Energy are rate-regulated enterprises whose rates meet three criteria specified in accounting standards.  The Utility operating companies and System Energy have rates that (i) are approved by a body (its regulator) empowered to set rates that bind customers; (ii) are cost-based; and (iii) can be charged to and collected from customers.  These criteria may also be applied to separable portions of a utility’s business, such as the generation or transmission functions, or to specific classes of customers.  Because the Utility operating companies and System Energy meet these criteria, each of them capitalizes costs that would otherwise be charged to expense if the rate actions of its regulator make it probable that those costs will be recovered in future revenue.  Such capitalized costs are reflected as regulatory assets in the accompanying financial statements.  When an enterprise concludes that recovery of a regulatory asset is no longer probable, the regulatory asset must be removed from the entity’s balance sheet.

An enterprise that ceases to meet the three criteria for all or part of its operations should report that event in its financial statements.  In general, the enterprise no longer meeting the criteria should eliminate from its balance sheet all regulatory assets and liabilities related to the applicable operations.  Additionally, if it is determined that a regulated enterprise is no longer recovering all of its costs, it is possible that an impairment may exist that could require further write-offs of plant assets.

Entergy Gulf States Louisiana does not apply regulatory accounting standards to the Louisiana retail deregulated portion of River Bend, the 30% interest in River Bend formerly owned by Cajun, and its steam business, unless specific cost recovery is provided for in tariff rates.  The Louisiana retail deregulated portion of River Bend is operated under a deregulated asset plan representing a portion (approximately 15%) of River Bend plant costs, generation, revenues, and expenses established under a 1992 LPSC order.  The plan allows Entergy Gulf States Louisiana to sell the electricity from the deregulated assets to Louisiana retail customers at 4.6 cents per kWh or off-system at higher prices, with certain provisions for sharing incremental revenue above 4.6 cents per kWh between customers and shareholders.

Regulatory Asset for Income Taxes

Accounting standards for income taxes provide that a regulatory asset or liability be recorded if it is probable that the currently determinable future increase or decrease in regulatory income tax expense will be recovered from or reimbursed to customers through future rates. The primary source of Entergy’s regulatory asset for income taxes is related to the ratemaking treatment of the tax effects of book depreciation for the equity component of AFUDC that has been capitalized to property, plant, and equipment but for which there is no corresponding tax basis. Equity-AFUDC is a component of property, plant, and equipment that is included in rate base when the plant is placed in service.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Entergy considers all unrestricted highly liquid debt instruments with an original maturity of three months or less at date of purchase to be cash equivalents.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects Entergy’s best estimate of losses on the accounts receivable balances.  The allowance is based on accounts receivable agings, historical experience, and other currently available evidence.  Utility operating company customer accounts receivable are written off consistent with approved regulatory requirements.

Investments

Entergy records decommissioning trust funds on the balance sheet at their fair value.  Because of the ability of the Registrant Subsidiaries to recover decommissioning costs in rates and in accordance with the regulatory treatment for decommissioning trust funds, the Registrant Subsidiaries record an offsetting amount in other regulatory liabilities/assets for the unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities.  For the 30% interest in River Bend formerly owned by Cajun, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana has recorded an offsetting amount in other deferred credits for the unrealized gains/(losses).  Decommissioning trust funds for Pilgrim, Indian Point 2, Vermont Yankee, and Palisades do not meet the criteria for regulatory accounting treatment.  Accordingly, unrealized gains recorded on the assets in these trust funds are recognized in the accumulated other comprehensive income component of equity because these assets are classified as available for sale.  Unrealized losses (where cost exceeds fair market value) on the assets in these trust funds are also recorded in the accumulated other comprehensive income component of equity unless the unrealized loss is other than temporary and therefore recorded in earnings.  The assessment of whether an investment in a debt security has suffered an other-than-temporary impairment is based on whether Entergy has the intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized costs.  Further, if Entergy does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the debt security, an other-than-temporary impairment is considered to have occurred and it is measured by the present value of cash flows expected to be collected less the amortized cost basis (credit loss).  The assessment of whether an investment in an equity security has suffered an other-than-temporary impairment is based on a number of factors including, first, whether Entergy has the ability and intent to hold the investment to recover its value, the duration and severity of any losses, and, then, whether it is expected that the investment will recover its value within a reasonable period of time.  Entergy’s trusts are managed by third parties who operate in accordance with agreements that define investment guidelines and place restrictions on the purchases and sales of investments.  See Note 17 to the financial statements for details on the decommissioning trust funds.

Equity Method Investments

Entergy owns investments that are accounted for under the equity method of accounting because Entergy’s ownership level results in significant influence, but not control, over the investee and its operations.  Entergy records its share of the investee's comprehensive earnings and losses in income and as an increase or decrease to the investment account. Any cash distributions are charged against the investment account. Entergy discontinues the recognition of losses on equity investments when its share of losses equals or exceeds its carrying amount for an investee plus any advances made or commitments to provide additional financial support.  See Note 14 to the financial statements for additional information regarding Entergy’s equity method investments.

Derivative Financial Instruments and Commodity Derivatives

The accounting standards for derivative instruments and hedging activities require that all derivatives be recognized at fair value on the balance sheet, either as assets or liabilities, unless they meet various exceptions including the normal purchase, normal sales criteria.  The changes in the fair value of recognized derivatives are recorded each period in current earnings or other comprehensive income, depending on whether a derivative is designated as part of a hedge transaction and the type of hedge transaction. Due to regulatory treatment, an offsetting regulatory asset or liability is recorded for changes in fair value of recognized derivatives for the Registrant Subsidiaries.

Contracts for commodities that will be physically delivered in quantities expected to be used or sold in the ordinary course of business, including certain purchases and sales of power and fuel, meet the normal purchase, normal sales criteria and are not recognized on the balance sheet.  Revenues and expenses from these contracts are reported on a gross basis in the appropriate revenue and expense categories as the commodities are received or delivered.

For other contracts for commodities in which Entergy is hedging the variability of cash flows related to a variable-rate asset, liability, or forecasted transactions that qualify as cash flow hedges, the changes in the fair value of such derivative instruments are reported in other comprehensive income.  To qualify for hedge accounting, the relationship between the hedging instrument and the hedged item must be documented to include the risk management objective and strategy and, at inception and on an ongoing basis, the effectiveness of the hedge in offsetting the changes in the cash flows of the item being hedged.  Gains or losses accumulated in other comprehensive income are reclassified to earnings in the periods when the underlying transactions actually occur.  The ineffective portions of all hedges are recognized in current-period earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments that are not designated as cash flow hedges are recorded in current-period earnings on a mark-to-market basis.

Entergy has determined that contracts to purchase uranium do not meet the definition of a derivative under the accounting standards for derivative instruments because they do not provide for net settlement and the uranium markets are not sufficiently liquid to conclude that forward contracts are readily convertible to cash.  If the uranium markets do become sufficiently liquid in the future and Entergy begins to account for uranium purchase contracts as derivative instruments, the fair value of these contracts would be accounted for consistent with Entergy’s other derivative instruments.

Fair Values

The estimated fair values of Entergy’s financial instruments and derivatives are determined using bid prices, market quotes, and financial modeling.  Considerable judgment is required in developing the estimates of fair value.  Therefore, estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that Entergy could realize in a current market exchange.  Gains or losses realized on financial instruments held by regulated businesses may be reflected in future rates and therefore do not accrue to the benefit or detriment of stockholders.  Entergy considers the carrying amounts of most financial instruments classified as current assets and liabilities to be a reasonable estimate of their fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.  See Note 16 to the financial statements for further discussion of fair value.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Entergy periodically reviews long-lived assets held in all of its business segments whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that recoverability of these assets is uncertain.  Generally, the determination of recoverability is based on the undiscounted net cash flows expected to result from such operations and assets.  Projected net cash flows depend on the future operating costs associated with the assets, the efficiency and availability of the assets and generating units, and the future market and price for energy over the remaining life of the assets.

Two nuclear power plants in the Entergy Wholesale Commodities business segment (Indian Point 2 and Indian Point 3) have an application pending for renewed NRC licenses.  Various parties have expressed opposition to renewal of the licenses.  Under federal law, nuclear power plants may continue to operate beyond their original license expiration dates while their timely filed renewal applications are pending NRC approval.  On September 28, 2013, Indian Point 2 reached the expiration date of its original NRC operating license and entered into the period of extended operation under the timely renewal rule. In December 2015, Indian Point 3 will reach the expiration date of its original NRC operations license and, similarly, will enter the period of extended operation under the timely renewal rule if its license is not renewed before then. If the NRC does not renew the operating license for either of these plants, the plant’s operating life could be shortened, reducing its projected net cash flows and potentially impairing its value as an asset.

In March 2011 the NRC renewed Vermont Yankee’s operating license for an additional 20 years.  The renewed operating license expires in March 2032. Vermont Yankee operated under a Certificate of Public Good from the State of Vermont that was scheduled to expire in March 2012, but had an amended petition pending before the Vermont Public Service Board (VPSB) for a renewed Certificate of Public Good to operate until March 2032.  

In June 2013 the VPSB completed hearings on Entergy’s amended petition for a Certificate of Public Good to continuing operating Vermont Yankee. In August 2013, Entergy announced that it planned to close Vermont Yankee at the end of 2014 and that same day filed a second amended petition seeking authorization to operate the plant only until that date. In December 2013, Entergy and Vermont entered into a settlement agreement, with an accompanying memorandum of understanding that was filed with the VPSB, under which Vermont agreed to support Entergy’s request to operate Vermont Yankee until the end of 2014. The settlement agreement provided for Entergy to make $10 million in economic transition payments, $5 million in clean energy development support, and a transitional $5 million payment to Vermont. The settlement agreement also provided for Entergy to set aside a new $25 million fund to ensure the Vermont Yankee site is restored after decommissioning. These terms were contingent upon the VPSB issuing by March 31, 2014 a Certificate of Public Good authorizing Vermont Yankee’s operation through 2014, and otherwise conforming to the terms of the settlement agreement. The settlement agreement also provided for the dismissal or discontinuation of other litigation between Entergy and Vermont. On March 28, 2014, the VPSB approved the memorandum of understanding and issued a Certificate of Public Good authorizing Vermont Yankee to operate until December 31, 2014.  In May 2014 the VPSB denied a motion that had been filed by one of the intervenors to amend its approval order. Pursuant to its commitment in the settlement agreement, Entergy Vermont Yankee provided to the Vermont parties in October 2014, a site assessment study of the costs and tasks of radiological decommissioning, spent nuclear fuel management, and site restoration of Vermont Yankee.  Entergy Vermont Yankee also filed its Post-Shutdown Decommissioning Activities Report (PSDAR) for Vermont Yankee with the NRC in December 2014.

Because of the uncertainty regarding the continued operation of Vermont Yankee, Entergy tested the recoverability of the plant and related assets in each quarter since the first quarter 2010 after a bill to approve the continued operation of Vermont Yankee was defeated in the Vermont legislature. Vermont law at that time required legislative approval of Vermont Yankee’s continued operation although that law was later invalidated by the U.S. federal courts as preempted by the Atomic Energy Act.  The determination of recoverability is based on the probability-weighted undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the plant and related assets.  Projected net cash flows primarily depend on the status of the pending legal and state regulatory matters, as well as projections of future revenues and expenses over the remaining life of the plant.  Prior to the first quarter 2012, the probability-weighted undiscounted net cash flows exceeded the carrying value of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets.  The decline, however, in the overall energy market and the projected forward prices of power as of March 31, 2012, which are significant inputs in the determination of net cash flows, resulted in the probability-weighted undiscounted future cash flows being less than the asset group’s carrying value.  Entergy performed a fair value analysis based on the income approach, a discounted cash flow method, to determine the amount of impairment. The estimated fair value of the plant and related assets at March 31, 2012 was $162 million, while the carrying value was $517.5 million.  Therefore, the assets were written down to their fair value and an impairment charge of $355.5 million ($223.5 million after-tax) was recognized.  The impairment charge was recorded as a separate line item in Entergy’s consolidated statement of income for 2012, and is included within the results of the Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment.

The estimate of fair value was based on the price that Entergy would expect to receive in a hypothetical sale of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets to a market participant on March 31, 2012. In order to determine this price, Entergy used significant observable inputs, including quoted forward power and gas prices, where available. Significant unobservable inputs, such as projected long-term pre-tax operating margins (cash basis), and estimated weighted average costs of capital were also used in the estimation of fair value. In addition, Entergy made certain assumptions regarding future tax deductions associated with the plant and related assets. Based on the use of significant unobservable inputs, the fair value measurement for the entirety of the asset group, and for each type of asset within the asset group, is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy discussed in Note 16 to the financial statements.

The following table sets forth a description of significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets as of March 31, 2012:
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Range
 
Weighted Average
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average cost of capital
 
7.5%-8.0%
 
7.8%
Long-term pre-tax operating margin (cash basis)
 
6.1%-7.8%
 
7.2%


On August 27, 2013, Entergy announced its plan to close and decommission Vermont Yankee at the end of its fuel cycle at the end of 2014. This decision was approved by the Board in August 2013, although the exact date of shutdown was not determined. The decision to shut down the plant was primarily due to sustained low natural gas and wholesale energy prices, the high cost structure of the plant, and lack of a market structure that adequately compensates merchant nuclear plants for their environmental and fuel diversity benefits in the region in which the plant operates.

As a result of the decision to shut down the plant, Entergy recognized non-cash impairment and other related charges of $291.5 million ($183.7 million after-tax) during the third quarter 2013 to write down the carrying value of Vermont Yankee and related assets to their fair values. Entergy performed a fair value analysis based on the income approach, a discounted cash flow method, to determine the amount of impairment. The estimated fair value of the plant and related assets was $62 million, while the carrying value was $349 million. The carrying value of $349 million reflected the effect of a $58 million increase in Vermont Yankee’s estimated decommissioning cost liability and the related asset retirement cost asset. The increase in the estimated decommissioning cost liability resulted from the change in expectation regarding the timing of decommissioning cash flows due to the decision to cease operations. Impairment and other related charges were recorded as a separate line item in Entergy’s consolidated statements of income for 2013 and this impairment charge is included within the results of the Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment.

The estimate of fair value was based on the price that Entergy would expect to receive in a hypothetical sale of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets to a market participant.  In order to determine this price, Entergy used significant observable inputs, including quoted forward power and gas prices, where available.  Significant unobservable inputs, such as projected long-term pre-tax operating margins (cash basis), and estimated weighted average costs of capital were also used in the estimation of fair value.  In addition, Entergy made certain assumptions regarding future tax deductions associated with the plant and related assets.  Based on the use of significant unobservable inputs, the fair value measurement for the entirety of the asset group, and for each type of asset within the asset group, is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy discussed in Note 16 to the financial statements.

The following table sets forth a description of significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets as of July 31, 2013:
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Amount
 
 
 
Weighted average cost of capital
 
7.5%
Long-term pre-tax operating margin (cash basis)
 
7.0%


Entergy’s Accounting Policy group, which reports to the Chief Accounting Officer, was primarily responsible for determining the valuation of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets, in consultation with external advisors.  Accounting Policy obtained and reviewed information from other Entergy departments with expertise on the various inputs and assumptions that were necessary to calculate the fair value of the asset group.

As a result of the settlement agreement entered into by Entergy and Vermont regarding the remaining operation and decommissioning of Vermont Yankee discussed above, Entergy reassessed its assumptions regarding the timing of decommissioning cash flows for Vermont Yankee. The reassessment resulted in a $27.2 million increase in the decommissioning cost liability and a corresponding impairment charge, recorded in December 2013. As part of the development of the site assessment study and PSDAR, Entergy obtained a revised decommissioning cost study in the third quarter 2014. The revised estimate, along with reassessment of the assumptions regarding the timing of decommissioning cash flows, resulted in a $101.6 million increase in the decommissioning cost liability and a corresponding impairment charge, recorded in September 2014. Impairment charges are recorded as a separate line item in Entergy’s consolidated statements of income for 2014 and 2013, and this impairment charge is included within the results of the Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment.

In addition to the $101.6 million impairment charge in September 2014 and depreciation recorded on the remaining plant balance in 2014, Entergy also recorded charges of $45.8 million related to severance and employee retention costs in 2014 relating to the shutdown of Vermont Yankee.

Vermont Yankee ceased operation in December 2014. In January 2015, Vermont Yankee completed the defueling of the reactor and submitted the certification of permanent cessation of operations and permanent removal of fuel from the reactor vessel to the NRC.

River Bend AFUDC

The River Bend AFUDC gross-up is a regulatory asset that represents the incremental difference imputed by the LPSC between the AFUDC actually recorded by Entergy Gulf States Louisiana on a net-of-tax basis during the construction of River Bend and what the AFUDC would have been on a pre-tax basis.  The imputed amount was only calculated on that portion of River Bend that the LPSC allowed in rate base and is being amortized through August 2025.

Reacquired Debt

The premiums and costs associated with reacquired debt of Entergy’s Utility operating companies and System Energy (except that portion allocable to the deregulated operations of Entergy Gulf States Louisiana) are included in regulatory assets and are being amortized over the life of the related new issuances, or over the life of the original debt issuance if the debt is not refinanced, in accordance with ratemaking treatment.

Taxes Imposed on Revenue-Producing Transactions

Governmental authorities assess taxes that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction between a seller and a customer, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added, and some excise taxes.  Entergy presents these taxes on a net basis, excluding them from revenues, unless required to report them differently by a regulatory authority.

Presentation of Preferred Stock without Sinking Fund

Accounting standards regarding non-controlling interests and the classification and measurement of redeemable securities require the classification of preferred securities between liabilities and shareholders’ equity on the balance sheet if the holders of those securities have protective rights that allow them to gain control of the board of directors in certain circumstances.  These rights would have the effect of giving the holders the ability to potentially redeem their securities, even if the likelihood of occurrence of these circumstances is considered remote.  The Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans articles of incorporation provide, generally, that the holders of each company’s preferred securities may elect a majority of the respective company’s board of directors if dividends are not paid for a year, until such time as the dividends in arrears are paid.  Therefore, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans present their preferred securities outstanding between liabilities and shareholders’ equity on the balance sheet.  Entergy Gulf States Louisiana and Entergy Louisiana, both organized as limited liability companies, have outstanding preferred securities with similar protective rights with respect to unpaid dividends, but provide for the election of board members that would not constitute a majority of the board; and their preferred securities are therefore classified for all periods presented as a component of members’ equity.

The outstanding preferred securities of Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, and Entergy Finance Holding (an Entergy Wholesale Commodities subsidiary), whose preferred holders also have protective rights, are similarly presented between liabilities and equity on Entergy’s consolidated balance sheets and the outstanding preferred securities of Entergy Gulf States Louisiana and Entergy Louisiana are presented within total equity in Entergy’s consolidated balance sheets.  The preferred dividends or distributions paid by all subsidiaries are reflected for all periods presented outside of consolidated net income.

New Accounting Pronouncements

The accounting standard-setting process, including projects between the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) to converge U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards, is ongoing and the FASB and the IASB are each currently working on several projects.  Final pronouncements that result from these projects could have a material effect on Entergy’s future net income, financial position, or cash flows.

In April 2014 the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-08, “Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205) and Property Plant, and Equipment (Topic 360): Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity” which changes the requirements for reporting discontinued operations. The ASU states that a disposal of a component of an entity or a group of components of an entity is required to be reported in discontinued operations if the disposal represents a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results when the component of an entity or group of components of an entity meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale, is disposed of by sale, or is disposed of other than by sale. The amendments in this ASU also require additional disclosures about discontinued operations. ASU 2014-08 is effective for Entergy for the first quarter 2015. Entergy does not currently expect ASU 2014-08 to affect materially its results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

In May 2014 the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” The ASU’s core principle is that “an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.” The ASU details a five-step model that should be followed to achieve the core principle. ASU 2014-09 is effective for Entergy for the first quarter 2017. Entergy does not expect ASU 2014-09 to affect materially its results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

In November 2014 the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-16, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Determining Whether the Host Contract in a Hybrid Financial Instrument Issued in the Form of a Share Is More Akin to Debt or to Equity.” The ASU states that for hybrid financial instruments issued in the form of a share, an entity should determine the nature of the host contract by considering all stated and implied substantive terms and features of the hybrid financial instrument, weighing each term and feature on the basis of relevant facts and circumstances. ASU 2014-16 is effective for Entergy for the first quarter 2016. Entergy does not expect ASU 2014-16 to affect materially its results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.
System Energy [Member]  
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Entergy Corporation, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy)

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Entergy Corporation and its subsidiaries.  As required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, all intercompany transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.  Entergy’s Registrant Subsidiaries (Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Texas, and System Energy) also include their separate financial statements in this Form 10-K.  The Registrant Subsidiaries and many other Entergy subsidiaries maintain accounts in accordance with FERC and other regulatory guidelines.  

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements

In conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, the preparation of Entergy Corporation’s consolidated financial statements and the separate financial statements of the Registrant Subsidiaries requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities.  Adjustments to the reported amounts of assets and liabilities may be necessary in the future to the extent that future estimates or actual results are different from the estimates used.

Revenues and Fuel Costs

Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy Texas generate, transmit, and distribute electric power primarily to retail customers in Arkansas, Louisiana, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas, respectively.  Entergy Gulf States Louisiana also distributes natural gas to retail customers in and around Baton Rouge, Louisiana.  Entergy New Orleans sells both electric power and natural gas to retail customers in the City of New Orleans, except for Algiers, where Entergy Louisiana is the electric power supplier.  The Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment derives almost all of its revenue from sales of electric power generated by plants owned by subsidiaries in that segment.

Entergy recognizes revenue from electric power and natural gas sales when power or gas is delivered to customers.  To the extent that deliveries have occurred but a bill has not been issued, Entergy’s Utility operating companies accrue an estimate of the revenues for energy delivered since the latest billings.  The Utility operating companies calculate the estimate based upon several factors including billings through the last billing cycle in a month, actual generation in the month, historical line loss factors, and prices in effect in Entergy’s Utility operating companies’ various jurisdictions.  Changes are made to the inputs in the estimate as needed to reflect changes in billing practices.  Each month the estimated unbilled revenue amounts are recorded as revenue and unbilled accounts receivable, and the prior month’s estimate is reversed.  Therefore, changes in price and volume differences resulting from factors such as weather affect the calculation of unbilled revenues from one period to the next, and may result in variability in reported revenues from one period to the next as prior estimates are reversed and new estimates recorded.

Entergy records revenue from sales under rates implemented subject to refund less estimated amounts accrued for probable refunds when Entergy believes it is probable that revenues will be refunded to customers based upon the status of the rate proceeding as of the date the financial statements are prepared.

Entergy’s Utility operating companies’ rate schedules include either fuel adjustment clauses or fixed fuel factors, which allow either current recovery in billings to customers or deferral of fuel costs until the costs are billed to customers.  Where the fuel component of revenues is billed based on a pre-determined fuel cost (fixed fuel factor), the fuel factor remains in effect until changed as part of a general rate case, fuel reconciliation, or fixed fuel factor filing. System Energy’s operating revenues are intended to recover from Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Louisiana, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans operating expenses and capital costs attributable to Grand Gulf.  The capital costs are computed by allowing a return on System Energy’s common equity funds allocable to its net investment in Grand Gulf, plus System Energy’s effective interest cost for its debt allocable to its investment in Grand Gulf.

Accounting for MISO transactions

In December 2013, Entergy joined MISO, a regional transmission organization that maintains functional control over the combined transmission systems of its members and manages one of the largest energy markets in the U.S. In the MISO market, Entergy offers its generation and bids its load into the market on an hourly basis. MISO settles these hourly offers and bids based on locational marginal prices, which is pricing for energy at a given location based on a market clearing price that takes into account physical limitations on the transmission system, generation, and demand throughout the MISO region. MISO evaluates the market participants’ energy offers and demand bids to economically and reliably dispatch the entire MISO system. Entergy nets purchases and sales within the MISO market on an hourly basis and reports in operating revenues when in a net selling position and in operating expenses when in a net purchasing position.  

Property, Plant, and Equipment

Property, plant, and equipment is stated at original cost.  Depreciation is computed on the straight-line basis at rates based on the applicable estimated service lives of the various classes of property. For the Registrant Subsidiaries, the original cost of plant retired or removed, less salvage, is charged to accumulated depreciation.  Normal maintenance, repairs, and minor replacement costs are charged to operating expenses.  Substantially all of the Registrant Subsidiaries’ plant is subject to mortgage liens.

Electric plant includes the portions of Grand Gulf and Waterford 3 that have been sold and leased back.  For financial reporting purposes, these sale and leaseback arrangements are reflected as financing transactions.

Net property, plant, and equipment for Entergy (including property under capital lease and associated accumulated amortization) by business segment and functional category, as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, is shown below:
2014
 
 
Entergy
 
 
Utility
 
Entergy
Wholesale
Commodities
 
Parent &
Other
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Nuclear
 

$9,639

 

$6,586

 

$3,053

 

$—

Other
 
3,425

 
3,067

 
358

 

Transmission
 
4,197

 
4,164

 
33

 

Distribution
 
6,973

 
6,973

 

 

Other
 
1,521

 
1,373

 
145

 
3

Construction work in progress
 
1,426

 
969

 
456

 
1

Nuclear fuel
 
1,542

 
840

 
702

 

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$28,723

 

$23,972

 

$4,747

 

$4


2013
 
 
Entergy
 
 
Utility
 
Entergy
Wholesale
Commodities
 
Parent &
Other
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Nuclear
 

$9,667

 

$6,601

 

$3,066

 

$—

Other
 
2,836

 
2,465

 
371

 

Transmission
 
3,929

 
3,894

 
35

 

Distribution
 
6,716

 
6,716

 

 

Other
 
1,652

 
1,475

 
174

 
3

Construction work in progress
 
1,515

 
1,217

 
298

 

Nuclear fuel
 
1,567

 
855

 
712

 

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$27,882

 

$23,223

 

$4,656

 

$3



Depreciation rates on average depreciable property for Entergy approximated 2.8% in 2014, 2.6% in 2013, and 2.5% in 2012.  Included in these rates are the depreciation rates on average depreciable Utility property of 2.5% in 2014, 2.5% in 2013, and 2.4% 2012, and the depreciation rates on average depreciable Entergy Wholesale Commodities property of 5.5% in 2014, 4.1% in 2013, and 3.5% in 2012. The increase in 2014 for Entergy Wholesale Commodities resulted from implementation of a new depreciation study.

Entergy amortizes nuclear fuel using a units-of-production method.  Nuclear fuel amortization is included in fuel expense in the income statements.

“Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation)” for Entergy is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $185.5 million and $203 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Construction expenditures included in accounts payable is $209 million and $166 million at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Net property, plant, and equipment for the Registrant Subsidiaries (including property under capital lease and associated accumulated amortization) by company and functional category, as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, is shown below:
2014
 
Entergy
Arkansas
 
Entergy
Gulf States
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Mississippi
 
Entergy
New Orleans
 
Entergy
Texas
 
System
Energy
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nuclear
 

$1,097

 

$1,403

 

$2,151

 

$—

 

$—

 

$—

 

$1,935

Other
 
593

 
282

 
1,279

 
526

 
(11
)
 
399

 

Transmission
 
1,166

 
711

 
859

 
642

 
44

 
695

 
48

Distribution
 
1,928

 
1,004

 
1,443

 
1,125

 
357

 
1,116

 

Other
 
164

 
173

 
287

 
194

 
181

 
98

 
17

Construction work in progress
 
284

 
127

 
242

 
68

 
19

 
125

 
50

Nuclear fuel
 
294

 
132

 
163

 

 

 

 
251

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$5,526

 

$3,832

 

$6,424

 

$2,555

 

$590

 

$2,433

 

$2,301


2013
 
Entergy
Arkansas
 
Entergy
Gulf States
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Louisiana
 
Entergy
Mississippi
 
Entergy
New Orleans
 
Entergy
Texas
 
System
Energy
 
 
(In Millions)
Production
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nuclear
 

$1,047

 

$1,422

 

$2,202

 

$—

 

$—

 

$—

 

$1,930

Other
 
609

 
271

 
684

 
537

 
(7
)
 
371

 

Transmission
 
1,086

 
646

 
770

 
638

 
31

 
673

 
49

Distribution
 
1,831

 
950

 
1,420

 
1,096

 
340

 
1,079

 

Other
 
192

 
184

 
292

 
197

 
181

 
106

 
17

Construction work in progress
 
209

 
105

 
673

 
37

 
29

 
95

 
29

Nuclear fuel
 
322

 
197

 
147

 

 

 

 
189

Property, plant, and equipment - net
 

$5,296

 

$3,775

 

$6,188

 

$2,505

 

$574

 

$2,324

 

$2,214



Depreciation rates on average depreciable property for the Registrant Subsidiaries are shown below:
 
 
Entergy
Arkansas
 
Entergy
Gulf States
Louisiana
 
 
Entergy
Louisiana
 
 
Entergy
Mississippi
 
Entergy
New Orleans
 
 
Entergy
Texas
 
 
System
Energy
2014
2.4%
 
1.8%
 
2.5%
 
2.6%
 
3.1%
 
2.5%
 
3.0%
2013
2.5%
 
1.8%
 
2.5%
 
2.6%
 
3.0%
 
2.5%
 
2.8%
2012
2.5%
 
1.8%
 
2.4%
 
2.6%
 
3.0%
 
2.4%
 
2.8%


Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Gulf States Louisiana is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $151 million and $146 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.  Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Louisiana is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $3.2 million and $3 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Mississippi is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $2.2 million and $2.1 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.  Non-utility property - at cost (less accumulated depreciation) for Entergy Texas is reported net of accumulated depreciation of $10.4 million and $10.4 million as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

As of December 31, 2014, construction expenditures included in accounts payable are $37.3 million for Entergy Arkansas, $23.4 million for Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, $48 million for Entergy Louisiana, $7.8 million for Entergy Mississippi, $0.9 million for Entergy New Orleans, $24.1 million for Entergy Texas, and $7.7 million for System Energy.  As of December 31, 2013, construction expenditures included in accounts payable are $61.9 million for Entergy Arkansas, $13.1 million for Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, $31.1 million for Entergy Louisiana, $2.8 million for Entergy Mississippi, $1.7 million for Entergy New Orleans, $10.9 million for Entergy Texas, and $6.7 million for System Energy.

Jointly-Owned Generating Stations

Certain Entergy subsidiaries jointly own electric generating facilities with affiliates or third parties.  The investments and expenses associated with these generating stations are recorded by the Entergy subsidiaries to the extent of their respective undivided ownership interests.  As of December 31, 2014, the subsidiaries’ investment and accumulated depreciation in each of these generating stations were as follows:



Generating Stations
 
 
 
Fuel-Type
 
Total
Megawatt
Capability (a)
 
 
 
Ownership
 
 
 
 
Investment
 
 
Accumulated
Depreciation
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(In Millions)
Utility business:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Entergy Arkansas -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Independence
 
Unit 1
 
Coal
 
839

 
31.50
%
 
 

$129

 

$98

 
 
Common Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
15.75
%
 
 

$34

 

$26

  White Bluff
 
Units 1 and 2
 
Coal
 
1,637

 
57.00
%
 
 

$503

 

$355

  Ouachita (b)
 
Common
Facilities
 
Gas
 
 
 
66.67
%
 
 

$169

 

$145

Entergy Gulf States
Louisiana -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6
 
Coal
 
537

 
40.25
%
 
 

$261

 

$181

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6 Common
Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
17.70
%
 
 

$10

 

$4

  Big Cajun 2
 
Unit 3
 
Coal
 
594

 
24.15
%
 
 

$149

 

$105

  Ouachita (b)
 
Common
Facilities
 
Gas
 
 
 
33.33
%
 
 

$87

 

$74

Entergy Louisiana -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Acadia
 
Common
Facilities
 
Gas
 
 
 
50.00
%
 
 

$19

 

$—

Entergy Mississippi -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Independence
 
Units 1 and 2
and Common
Facilities
 
Coal
 
1,681

 
25.00
%
 
 

$251

 

$149

Entergy Texas -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6
 
Coal
 
537

 
29.75
%
 
 

$188

 

$115

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6 Common
Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
13.07
%
 
 

$6

 

$2

  Big Cajun 2
 
Unit 3
 
Coal
 
594

 
17.85
%
 
 

$112

 

$72

System Energy -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Grand Gulf
 
Unit 1
 
Nuclear
 
1,409

 
90.00
%
(c)
 

$4,819

 

$2,820

Entergy Wholesale
Commodities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
  Independence
 
Unit 2
 
Coal
 
842

 
14.37
%
 
 

$69

 

$46

  Independence
 
Common  
Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
7.18
%
 
 

$16

 

$11

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6
 
Coal
 
537

 
10.9
%
 
 

$107

 

$57

  Roy S. Nelson
 
Unit 6 Common Facilities
 
Coal
 
 
 
4.79
%
 
 

$2

 

$1


(a)
“Total Megawatt Capability” is the dependable load carrying capability as demonstrated under actual operating conditions based on the primary fuel (assuming no curtailments) that each station was designed to utilize.
(b)
Ouachita Units 1 and 2 are owned 100% by Entergy Arkansas and Ouachita Unit 3 is owned 100% by Entergy Gulf States Louisiana.  The investment and accumulated depreciation numbers above are only for the common facilities and not for the generating units.
(c)
Includes a leasehold interest held by System Energy.  System Energy’s Grand Gulf lease obligations are discussed in Note 10 to the financial statements.

Nuclear Refueling Outage Costs

Nuclear refueling outage costs are deferred during the outage and amortized over the estimated period to the next outage because these refueling outage expenses are incurred to prepare the units to operate for the next operating cycle without having to be taken off line.

Allowance for Funds Used During Construction (AFUDC)

AFUDC represents the approximate net composite interest cost of borrowed funds and a reasonable return on the equity funds used for construction by the Registrant Subsidiaries.  AFUDC increases both the plant balance and earnings and is realized in cash through depreciation provisions included in the rates charged to customers.

Income Taxes

Entergy Corporation and the majority of its subsidiaries file a United States consolidated federal income tax return.  Each tax-paying entity records income taxes as if it were a separate taxpayer and consolidating adjustments are allocated to the tax filing entities in accordance with Entergy’s intercompany income tax allocation agreement.  Deferred income taxes are recorded for temporary differences between the book and tax basis of assets and liabilities, and for certain losses and credits available for carryforward.

Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates in the period in which the tax or rate was enacted.

The benefits of investment tax credits are deferred and amortized over the average useful life of the related property, as a reduction of income tax expense, for such credits associated with regulated operations in accordance with ratemaking treatment.

Earnings per Share

The following table presents Entergy’s basic and diluted earnings per share calculation included on the consolidated statements of income:
 
For the Years Ended December 31,
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
(In Millions, Except Per Share Data)
 
 
 
$/share
 
 
 
$/share
 
 
 
$/share
Net income attributable to Entergy Corporation

$940.7

 
 

 

$711.9

 
 

 

$846.7

 
 

Basic earnings per average common share
179.5

 

$5.24

 
178.2

 

$3.99

 
177.3

 

$4.77

Average dilutive effect of:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Stock options
0.3

 
(0.01
)
 
0.1

 

 
0.3

 
(0.01
)
Other equity plans
0.5

 
(0.01
)
 
0.3

 

 
0.1

 

Diluted earnings per average common shares
180.3

 

$5.22

 
178.6

 

$3.99

 
177.7

 

$4.76


The calculation of diluted earnings per share excluded 5,743,013 options outstanding at December 31, 2014, 8,866,542 options outstanding at December 31, 2013, and 7,164,319 options outstanding at December 31, 2012 that could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future.  Those options were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share because the exercise price of those options exceeded the average market price for the year.

Stock-based Compensation Plans

Entergy grants stock options, restricted stock, performance units, and restricted liability awards to key employees of the Entergy subsidiaries under its Equity Ownership Plans, which are shareholder-approved stock-based compensation plans.  These plans are described more fully in Note 12 to the financial statements.  The cost of the stock-based compensation is charged to income over the vesting period.  Awards under Entergy’s plans generally vest over 3 years.

Accounting for the Effects of Regulation

Entergy’s Utility operating companies and System Energy are rate-regulated enterprises whose rates meet three criteria specified in accounting standards.  The Utility operating companies and System Energy have rates that (i) are approved by a body (its regulator) empowered to set rates that bind customers; (ii) are cost-based; and (iii) can be charged to and collected from customers.  These criteria may also be applied to separable portions of a utility’s business, such as the generation or transmission functions, or to specific classes of customers.  Because the Utility operating companies and System Energy meet these criteria, each of them capitalizes costs that would otherwise be charged to expense if the rate actions of its regulator make it probable that those costs will be recovered in future revenue.  Such capitalized costs are reflected as regulatory assets in the accompanying financial statements.  When an enterprise concludes that recovery of a regulatory asset is no longer probable, the regulatory asset must be removed from the entity’s balance sheet.

An enterprise that ceases to meet the three criteria for all or part of its operations should report that event in its financial statements.  In general, the enterprise no longer meeting the criteria should eliminate from its balance sheet all regulatory assets and liabilities related to the applicable operations.  Additionally, if it is determined that a regulated enterprise is no longer recovering all of its costs, it is possible that an impairment may exist that could require further write-offs of plant assets.

Entergy Gulf States Louisiana does not apply regulatory accounting standards to the Louisiana retail deregulated portion of River Bend, the 30% interest in River Bend formerly owned by Cajun, and its steam business, unless specific cost recovery is provided for in tariff rates.  The Louisiana retail deregulated portion of River Bend is operated under a deregulated asset plan representing a portion (approximately 15%) of River Bend plant costs, generation, revenues, and expenses established under a 1992 LPSC order.  The plan allows Entergy Gulf States Louisiana to sell the electricity from the deregulated assets to Louisiana retail customers at 4.6 cents per kWh or off-system at higher prices, with certain provisions for sharing incremental revenue above 4.6 cents per kWh between customers and shareholders.

Regulatory Asset for Income Taxes

Accounting standards for income taxes provide that a regulatory asset or liability be recorded if it is probable that the currently determinable future increase or decrease in regulatory income tax expense will be recovered from or reimbursed to customers through future rates. The primary source of Entergy’s regulatory asset for income taxes is related to the ratemaking treatment of the tax effects of book depreciation for the equity component of AFUDC that has been capitalized to property, plant, and equipment but for which there is no corresponding tax basis. Equity-AFUDC is a component of property, plant, and equipment that is included in rate base when the plant is placed in service.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Entergy considers all unrestricted highly liquid debt instruments with an original maturity of three months or less at date of purchase to be cash equivalents.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects Entergy’s best estimate of losses on the accounts receivable balances.  The allowance is based on accounts receivable agings, historical experience, and other currently available evidence.  Utility operating company customer accounts receivable are written off consistent with approved regulatory requirements.

Investments

Entergy records decommissioning trust funds on the balance sheet at their fair value.  Because of the ability of the Registrant Subsidiaries to recover decommissioning costs in rates and in accordance with the regulatory treatment for decommissioning trust funds, the Registrant Subsidiaries record an offsetting amount in other regulatory liabilities/assets for the unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities.  For the 30% interest in River Bend formerly owned by Cajun, Entergy Gulf States Louisiana has recorded an offsetting amount in other deferred credits for the unrealized gains/(losses).  Decommissioning trust funds for Pilgrim, Indian Point 2, Vermont Yankee, and Palisades do not meet the criteria for regulatory accounting treatment.  Accordingly, unrealized gains recorded on the assets in these trust funds are recognized in the accumulated other comprehensive income component of equity because these assets are classified as available for sale.  Unrealized losses (where cost exceeds fair market value) on the assets in these trust funds are also recorded in the accumulated other comprehensive income component of equity unless the unrealized loss is other than temporary and therefore recorded in earnings.  The assessment of whether an investment in a debt security has suffered an other-than-temporary impairment is based on whether Entergy has the intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized costs.  Further, if Entergy does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the debt security, an other-than-temporary impairment is considered to have occurred and it is measured by the present value of cash flows expected to be collected less the amortized cost basis (credit loss).  The assessment of whether an investment in an equity security has suffered an other-than-temporary impairment is based on a number of factors including, first, whether Entergy has the ability and intent to hold the investment to recover its value, the duration and severity of any losses, and, then, whether it is expected that the investment will recover its value within a reasonable period of time.  Entergy’s trusts are managed by third parties who operate in accordance with agreements that define investment guidelines and place restrictions on the purchases and sales of investments.  See Note 17 to the financial statements for details on the decommissioning trust funds.

Equity Method Investments

Entergy owns investments that are accounted for under the equity method of accounting because Entergy’s ownership level results in significant influence, but not control, over the investee and its operations.  Entergy records its share of the investee's comprehensive earnings and losses in income and as an increase or decrease to the investment account. Any cash distributions are charged against the investment account. Entergy discontinues the recognition of losses on equity investments when its share of losses equals or exceeds its carrying amount for an investee plus any advances made or commitments to provide additional financial support.  See Note 14 to the financial statements for additional information regarding Entergy’s equity method investments.

Derivative Financial Instruments and Commodity Derivatives

The accounting standards for derivative instruments and hedging activities require that all derivatives be recognized at fair value on the balance sheet, either as assets or liabilities, unless they meet various exceptions including the normal purchase, normal sales criteria.  The changes in the fair value of recognized derivatives are recorded each period in current earnings or other comprehensive income, depending on whether a derivative is designated as part of a hedge transaction and the type of hedge transaction. Due to regulatory treatment, an offsetting regulatory asset or liability is recorded for changes in fair value of recognized derivatives for the Registrant Subsidiaries.

Contracts for commodities that will be physically delivered in quantities expected to be used or sold in the ordinary course of business, including certain purchases and sales of power and fuel, meet the normal purchase, normal sales criteria and are not recognized on the balance sheet.  Revenues and expenses from these contracts are reported on a gross basis in the appropriate revenue and expense categories as the commodities are received or delivered.

For other contracts for commodities in which Entergy is hedging the variability of cash flows related to a variable-rate asset, liability, or forecasted transactions that qualify as cash flow hedges, the changes in the fair value of such derivative instruments are reported in other comprehensive income.  To qualify for hedge accounting, the relationship between the hedging instrument and the hedged item must be documented to include the risk management objective and strategy and, at inception and on an ongoing basis, the effectiveness of the hedge in offsetting the changes in the cash flows of the item being hedged.  Gains or losses accumulated in other comprehensive income are reclassified to earnings in the periods when the underlying transactions actually occur.  The ineffective portions of all hedges are recognized in current-period earnings. Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments that are not designated as cash flow hedges are recorded in current-period earnings on a mark-to-market basis.

Entergy has determined that contracts to purchase uranium do not meet the definition of a derivative under the accounting standards for derivative instruments because they do not provide for net settlement and the uranium markets are not sufficiently liquid to conclude that forward contracts are readily convertible to cash.  If the uranium markets do become sufficiently liquid in the future and Entergy begins to account for uranium purchase contracts as derivative instruments, the fair value of these contracts would be accounted for consistent with Entergy’s other derivative instruments.

Fair Values

The estimated fair values of Entergy’s financial instruments and derivatives are determined using bid prices, market quotes, and financial modeling.  Considerable judgment is required in developing the estimates of fair value.  Therefore, estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that Entergy could realize in a current market exchange.  Gains or losses realized on financial instruments held by regulated businesses may be reflected in future rates and therefore do not accrue to the benefit or detriment of stockholders.  Entergy considers the carrying amounts of most financial instruments classified as current assets and liabilities to be a reasonable estimate of their fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.  See Note 16 to the financial statements for further discussion of fair value.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Entergy periodically reviews long-lived assets held in all of its business segments whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that recoverability of these assets is uncertain.  Generally, the determination of recoverability is based on the undiscounted net cash flows expected to result from such operations and assets.  Projected net cash flows depend on the future operating costs associated with the assets, the efficiency and availability of the assets and generating units, and the future market and price for energy over the remaining life of the assets.

Two nuclear power plants in the Entergy Wholesale Commodities business segment (Indian Point 2 and Indian Point 3) have an application pending for renewed NRC licenses.  Various parties have expressed opposition to renewal of the licenses.  Under federal law, nuclear power plants may continue to operate beyond their original license expiration dates while their timely filed renewal applications are pending NRC approval.  On September 28, 2013, Indian Point 2 reached the expiration date of its original NRC operating license and entered into the period of extended operation under the timely renewal rule. In December 2015, Indian Point 3 will reach the expiration date of its original NRC operations license and, similarly, will enter the period of extended operation under the timely renewal rule if its license is not renewed before then. If the NRC does not renew the operating license for either of these plants, the plant’s operating life could be shortened, reducing its projected net cash flows and potentially impairing its value as an asset.

In March 2011 the NRC renewed Vermont Yankee’s operating license for an additional 20 years.  The renewed operating license expires in March 2032. Vermont Yankee operated under a Certificate of Public Good from the State of Vermont that was scheduled to expire in March 2012, but had an amended petition pending before the Vermont Public Service Board (VPSB) for a renewed Certificate of Public Good to operate until March 2032.  

In June 2013 the VPSB completed hearings on Entergy’s amended petition for a Certificate of Public Good to continuing operating Vermont Yankee. In August 2013, Entergy announced that it planned to close Vermont Yankee at the end of 2014 and that same day filed a second amended petition seeking authorization to operate the plant only until that date. In December 2013, Entergy and Vermont entered into a settlement agreement, with an accompanying memorandum of understanding that was filed with the VPSB, under which Vermont agreed to support Entergy’s request to operate Vermont Yankee until the end of 2014. The settlement agreement provided for Entergy to make $10 million in economic transition payments, $5 million in clean energy development support, and a transitional $5 million payment to Vermont. The settlement agreement also provided for Entergy to set aside a new $25 million fund to ensure the Vermont Yankee site is restored after decommissioning. These terms were contingent upon the VPSB issuing by March 31, 2014 a Certificate of Public Good authorizing Vermont Yankee’s operation through 2014, and otherwise conforming to the terms of the settlement agreement. The settlement agreement also provided for the dismissal or discontinuation of other litigation between Entergy and Vermont. On March 28, 2014, the VPSB approved the memorandum of understanding and issued a Certificate of Public Good authorizing Vermont Yankee to operate until December 31, 2014.  In May 2014 the VPSB denied a motion that had been filed by one of the intervenors to amend its approval order. Pursuant to its commitment in the settlement agreement, Entergy Vermont Yankee provided to the Vermont parties in October 2014, a site assessment study of the costs and tasks of radiological decommissioning, spent nuclear fuel management, and site restoration of Vermont Yankee.  Entergy Vermont Yankee also filed its Post-Shutdown Decommissioning Activities Report (PSDAR) for Vermont Yankee with the NRC in December 2014.

Because of the uncertainty regarding the continued operation of Vermont Yankee, Entergy tested the recoverability of the plant and related assets in each quarter since the first quarter 2010 after a bill to approve the continued operation of Vermont Yankee was defeated in the Vermont legislature. Vermont law at that time required legislative approval of Vermont Yankee’s continued operation although that law was later invalidated by the U.S. federal courts as preempted by the Atomic Energy Act.  The determination of recoverability is based on the probability-weighted undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the plant and related assets.  Projected net cash flows primarily depend on the status of the pending legal and state regulatory matters, as well as projections of future revenues and expenses over the remaining life of the plant.  Prior to the first quarter 2012, the probability-weighted undiscounted net cash flows exceeded the carrying value of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets.  The decline, however, in the overall energy market and the projected forward prices of power as of March 31, 2012, which are significant inputs in the determination of net cash flows, resulted in the probability-weighted undiscounted future cash flows being less than the asset group’s carrying value.  Entergy performed a fair value analysis based on the income approach, a discounted cash flow method, to determine the amount of impairment. The estimated fair value of the plant and related assets at March 31, 2012 was $162 million, while the carrying value was $517.5 million.  Therefore, the assets were written down to their fair value and an impairment charge of $355.5 million ($223.5 million after-tax) was recognized.  The impairment charge was recorded as a separate line item in Entergy’s consolidated statement of income for 2012, and is included within the results of the Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment.

The estimate of fair value was based on the price that Entergy would expect to receive in a hypothetical sale of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets to a market participant on March 31, 2012. In order to determine this price, Entergy used significant observable inputs, including quoted forward power and gas prices, where available. Significant unobservable inputs, such as projected long-term pre-tax operating margins (cash basis), and estimated weighted average costs of capital were also used in the estimation of fair value. In addition, Entergy made certain assumptions regarding future tax deductions associated with the plant and related assets. Based on the use of significant unobservable inputs, the fair value measurement for the entirety of the asset group, and for each type of asset within the asset group, is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy discussed in Note 16 to the financial statements.

The following table sets forth a description of significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets as of March 31, 2012:
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Range
 
Weighted Average
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average cost of capital
 
7.5%-8.0%
 
7.8%
Long-term pre-tax operating margin (cash basis)
 
6.1%-7.8%
 
7.2%


On August 27, 2013, Entergy announced its plan to close and decommission Vermont Yankee at the end of its fuel cycle at the end of 2014. This decision was approved by the Board in August 2013, although the exact date of shutdown was not determined. The decision to shut down the plant was primarily due to sustained low natural gas and wholesale energy prices, the high cost structure of the plant, and lack of a market structure that adequately compensates merchant nuclear plants for their environmental and fuel diversity benefits in the region in which the plant operates.

As a result of the decision to shut down the plant, Entergy recognized non-cash impairment and other related charges of $291.5 million ($183.7 million after-tax) during the third quarter 2013 to write down the carrying value of Vermont Yankee and related assets to their fair values. Entergy performed a fair value analysis based on the income approach, a discounted cash flow method, to determine the amount of impairment. The estimated fair value of the plant and related assets was $62 million, while the carrying value was $349 million. The carrying value of $349 million reflected the effect of a $58 million increase in Vermont Yankee’s estimated decommissioning cost liability and the related asset retirement cost asset. The increase in the estimated decommissioning cost liability resulted from the change in expectation regarding the timing of decommissioning cash flows due to the decision to cease operations. Impairment and other related charges were recorded as a separate line item in Entergy’s consolidated statements of income for 2013 and this impairment charge is included within the results of the Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment.

The estimate of fair value was based on the price that Entergy would expect to receive in a hypothetical sale of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets to a market participant.  In order to determine this price, Entergy used significant observable inputs, including quoted forward power and gas prices, where available.  Significant unobservable inputs, such as projected long-term pre-tax operating margins (cash basis), and estimated weighted average costs of capital were also used in the estimation of fair value.  In addition, Entergy made certain assumptions regarding future tax deductions associated with the plant and related assets.  Based on the use of significant unobservable inputs, the fair value measurement for the entirety of the asset group, and for each type of asset within the asset group, is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy discussed in Note 16 to the financial statements.

The following table sets forth a description of significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets as of July 31, 2013:
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Amount
 
 
 
Weighted average cost of capital
 
7.5%
Long-term pre-tax operating margin (cash basis)
 
7.0%


Entergy’s Accounting Policy group, which reports to the Chief Accounting Officer, was primarily responsible for determining the valuation of the Vermont Yankee plant and related assets, in consultation with external advisors.  Accounting Policy obtained and reviewed information from other Entergy departments with expertise on the various inputs and assumptions that were necessary to calculate the fair value of the asset group.

As a result of the settlement agreement entered into by Entergy and Vermont regarding the remaining operation and decommissioning of Vermont Yankee discussed above, Entergy reassessed its assumptions regarding the timing of decommissioning cash flows for Vermont Yankee. The reassessment resulted in a $27.2 million increase in the decommissioning cost liability and a corresponding impairment charge, recorded in December 2013. As part of the development of the site assessment study and PSDAR, Entergy obtained a revised decommissioning cost study in the third quarter 2014. The revised estimate, along with reassessment of the assumptions regarding the timing of decommissioning cash flows, resulted in a $101.6 million increase in the decommissioning cost liability and a corresponding impairment charge, recorded in September 2014. Impairment charges are recorded as a separate line item in Entergy’s consolidated statements of income for 2014 and 2013, and this impairment charge is included within the results of the Entergy Wholesale Commodities segment.

In addition to the $101.6 million impairment charge in September 2014 and depreciation recorded on the remaining plant balance in 2014, Entergy also recorded charges of $45.8 million related to severance and employee retention costs in 2014 relating to the shutdown of Vermont Yankee.

Vermont Yankee ceased operation in December 2014. In January 2015, Vermont Yankee completed the defueling of the reactor and submitted the certification of permanent cessation of operations and permanent removal of fuel from the reactor vessel to the NRC.

River Bend AFUDC

The River Bend AFUDC gross-up is a regulatory asset that represents the incremental difference imputed by the LPSC between the AFUDC actually recorded by Entergy Gulf States Louisiana on a net-of-tax basis during the construction of River Bend and what the AFUDC would have been on a pre-tax basis.  The imputed amount was only calculated on that portion of River Bend that the LPSC allowed in rate base and is being amortized through August 2025.

Reacquired Debt

The premiums and costs associated with reacquired debt of Entergy’s Utility operating companies and System Energy (except that portion allocable to the deregulated operations of Entergy Gulf States Louisiana) are included in regulatory assets and are being amortized over the life of the related new issuances, or over the life of the original debt issuance if the debt is not refinanced, in accordance with ratemaking treatment.

Taxes Imposed on Revenue-Producing Transactions

Governmental authorities assess taxes that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction between a seller and a customer, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added, and some excise taxes.  Entergy presents these taxes on a net basis, excluding them from revenues, unless required to report them differently by a regulatory authority.

Presentation of Preferred Stock without Sinking Fund

Accounting standards regarding non-controlling interests and the classification and measurement of redeemable securities require the classification of preferred securities between liabilities and shareholders’ equity on the balance sheet if the holders of those securities have protective rights that allow them to gain control of the board of directors in certain circumstances.  These rights would have the effect of giving the holders the ability to potentially redeem their securities, even if the likelihood of occurrence of these circumstances is considered remote.  The Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans articles of incorporation provide, generally, that the holders of each company’s preferred securities may elect a majority of the respective company’s board of directors if dividends are not paid for a year, until such time as the dividends in arrears are paid.  Therefore, Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, and Entergy New Orleans present their preferred securities outstanding between liabilities and shareholders’ equity on the balance sheet.  Entergy Gulf States Louisiana and Entergy Louisiana, both organized as limited liability companies, have outstanding preferred securities with similar protective rights with respect to unpaid dividends, but provide for the election of board members that would not constitute a majority of the board; and their preferred securities are therefore classified for all periods presented as a component of members’ equity.

The outstanding preferred securities of Entergy Arkansas, Entergy Mississippi, Entergy New Orleans, and Entergy Finance Holding (an Entergy Wholesale Commodities subsidiary), whose preferred holders also have protective rights, are similarly presented between liabilities and equity on Entergy’s consolidated balance sheets and the outstanding preferred securities of Entergy Gulf States Louisiana and Entergy Louisiana are presented within total equity in Entergy’s consolidated balance sheets.  The preferred dividends or distributions paid by all subsidiaries are reflected for all periods presented outside of consolidated net income.

New Accounting Pronouncements

The accounting standard-setting process, including projects between the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) to converge U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards, is ongoing and the FASB and the IASB are each currently working on several projects.  Final pronouncements that result from these projects could have a material effect on Entergy’s future net income, financial position, or cash flows.

In April 2014 the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-08, “Presentation of Financial Statements (Topic 205) and Property Plant, and Equipment (Topic 360): Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity” which changes the requirements for reporting discontinued operations. The ASU states that a disposal of a component of an entity or a group of components of an entity is required to be reported in discontinued operations if the disposal represents a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results when the component of an entity or group of components of an entity meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale, is disposed of by sale, or is disposed of other than by sale. The amendments in this ASU also require additional disclosures about discontinued operations. ASU 2014-08 is effective for Entergy for the first quarter 2015. Entergy does not currently expect ASU 2014-08 to affect materially its results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

In May 2014 the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” The ASU’s core principle is that “an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.” The ASU details a five-step model that should be followed to achieve the core principle. ASU 2014-09 is effective for Entergy for the first quarter 2017. Entergy does not expect ASU 2014-09 to affect materially its results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

In November 2014 the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-16, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Determining Whether the Host Contract in a Hybrid Financial Instrument Issued in the Form of a Share Is More Akin to Debt or to Equity.” The ASU states that for hybrid financial instruments issued in the form of a share, an entity should determine the nature of the host contract by considering all stated and implied substantive terms and features of the hybrid financial instrument, weighing each term and feature on the basis of relevant facts and circumstances. ASU 2014-16 is effective for Entergy for the first quarter 2016. Entergy does not expect ASU 2014-16 to affect materially its results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.