INCOME TAX EXPENSE

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2025

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

INCOME TAX EXPENSE

INCOME TAX EXPENSE

	Quarter Ended		Six Months Ended
	June 30,		June 30,
	2025	2024	2025	2024
Millions
Current Income Tax Expense
Federal (a)	$1.2	$3.3	$4.3	$6.8
State	1.4	3.2	6.1	6.6
Total Current Income Tax Expense	$2.6	$6.5	$10.4	$13.4
Deferred Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Federal (b)	$(2.8)	$(5.0)	$(4.2)	$(10.0)
State	(0.2)	0.1	1.1	2.5
Investment Tax Credit Amortization	(0.2)	(0.2)	(0.4)	(0.5)
Total Deferred Income Tax Benefit	$(3.2)	$(5.1)	$(3.5)	$(8.0)
Total Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	$(0.6)	$1.4	$6.9	$5.4

(a)For the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the federal current tax expense is partially offset by tax credits.

(b)For the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the federal deferred income tax benefit is primarily due to tax credits.

The Company's tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of its annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items arising in that quarter. In each quarter, the Company updates its estimate of the annual effective tax rate and if the estimated annual effective tax rate changes, the Company would make a cumulative adjustment in that quarter.

NOTE 8. INCOME TAX EXPENSE(Continued)

	Quarter Ended						Six Months Ended
Reconciliation of Taxes from Federal Statutory	June 30,						June 30,
Rate to Total Income Tax Expense	2025			2024			2025			2024
Millions
Income Before Income Taxes	$	6.0		$	21.1		$	48.2		$	62.1
Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate	21		%	21		%	21		%	21		%
Income Taxes Computed at Statutory Federal Rate	$	1.2		$	4.4		$	10.1		$	13.0
Increase (Decrease) in Income Tax Due to:
State Income Taxes – Net of Federal Income Tax Benefit	0.9			2.5			5.7			7.1
Production Tax Credits (a)	(1.6)			(5.1)			(6.4)			(16.7)
Investment Tax Credits (a)	(0.8)			(0.9)			(3.6)			(1.2)
Regulatory Differences – Excess Deferred Tax	(1.9)			(2.2)			(4.5)			(5.7)
Non-Controlling Interest in Subsidiaries	4.9			2.4			8.9			5.2
AFUDC – Equity	(0.3)			(0.3)			(0.7)			(0.9)
Nondeductible Portion of Transaction Costs	0.5			3.3			0.8			3.3
Other	(3.5)			(2.7)			(3.4)			1.3
Total Income Tax Expense	$	(0.6)		$	1.4		$	6.9		$	5.4

(a)For the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the credits are presented net of any estimated discount on the sale of certain credits.

For the six months ended June 30, 2025, the effective tax rate was 14.3 percent (8.7 percent for the six months ended June 30, 2024). The effective tax rates for 2025 and 2024 were primarily impacted by tax credits.

Uncertain Tax Positions. As of June 30, 2025, we had gross unrecognized tax benefits of $1.1 million ($1.1 million as of December 31, 2024). Of the total gross unrecognized tax benefits, $0.6 million represents the amount of unrecognized tax benefits included on the Consolidated Balance Sheet that, if recognized, would favorably impact the effective income tax rate. The unrecognized tax benefit amounts have been presented as an increase to the net deferred tax liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

ALLETE and its subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return as well as combined and separate state income tax returns in various jurisdictions. ALLETE is currently under examination by the state of Minnesota for the tax years 2020 through 2022. ALLETE has no open federal audits and is no longer subject to federal examination for years before 2022 or new state examination for years before 2021. Additionally, the statute of limitations related to the federal tax credit carryforwards will remain open until those credits are utilized in subsequent returns.