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Stock Plans (Tables)
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Schedule of Stock Compensation Expense
Stock compensation expense, included in Selling, general and administrative expense in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, is as follows:
 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)2024202320242023
Stock compensation expense$4,217 $8,477 $13,446 $21,506 
Income tax benefit1,033 2,077 3,294 5,269 
Stock compensation expense, net of tax$3,184 $6,400 $10,152 $16,237 
We have not capitalized any stock-based compensation expense.
Summary of Stock Option Activity
A summary of stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, is as follows:
SharesWeighted Average
Exercise Price
Outstanding at January 1, 202426,536 $45.95 
Exercised(10,531)46.95 
Forfeited(852)48.65 
Outstanding and exercisable at September 30, 202415,153 $45.10 
Summary of Restricted Stock and Unit Activity A summary of restricted stock activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, is as follows:
SharesWeighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Unvested at January 1, 2024173,851 $142.73 
Granted82,905 178.59 
Vested(48,596)164.57 
Forfeited(25,482)164.47 
Unvested at September 30, 2024182,678 $150.16 
Schedule of Fair Value Assumptions for Units The following weighted average assumptions were used in estimating the fair value of the performance stock units granted in the first quarter of 2024.
Fair value per unit$181.31
Risk-free interest rate4.34%
Expected dividend yield1.19%
Expected volatility25.9%
MSA stock beta0.728
Summary of Performance Stock Unit Activity
A summary of performance stock unit activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, is as follows:
SharesWeighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
Unvested at January 1, 2024189,221 $146.17 
Granted40,787 177.34 
Performance adjustments(a)
20,488 194.10 
Vested(77,544)174.13 
Forfeited(10,619)149.13 
Unvested at September 30, 2024162,333 $146.50 
(a)Performance adjustments relate primarily to the final number of shares issued for the 2021 performance unit awards which vested in the first quarter of 2024 at 174% of the target award based on both cumulative performance against EBITDA margin and revenue growth targets and MSA's TSR during the three-year performance period.