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Restructuring and Other Charges
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2016
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Restructuring and Other Charges
Restructuring and Other Charges
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, we recorded restructuring charges, net of adjustments, of $1.9 million and $3.7 million, respectively. International segment restructuring charges of $3.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 were related to severance costs for staff reductions associated with ongoing initiatives to right size our operations in Europe and Japan. Americas segment restructuring charges of $1.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 related primarily to severance from staff reductions in Latin America. Favorable adjustments for changes in estimates on employee restructuring reserves of $1.1 million were made during the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
In September 2016, certain employees in the Americas segment were offered a voluntary retirement incentive package (“VRIP”). The election window for participation closed on October 17, 2016. The employees will be required to render service through January 31, 2017 to receive the VRIP and have until February 6, 2017 to revoke their election. 83 employees have made the revocable election to retire under the terms of the plan.  Non-cash special termination benefit expense of approximately $10.0 million is expected to be incurred in the first quarter of 2017 related to these elections. All benefits will be paid from our over funded North America pension plan.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, we recorded restructuring charges of $3.7 million and $4.7 million, respectively. International segment charges of $2.5 million for the nine months months ended September 30, 2015 were related to a one-time benefit for employees impacted by our European Principal Operating Company and severance costs for staff reductions associated with ongoing initiatives to right size our operations in China, Australia, and within International segment management. Americas segment restructuring charges of $2.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 related primarily to severance from staff reductions in North America and Brazil.
Activity and reserve balances for restructuring charges by segment were as follows:
(in millions)
Americas
 
International
 
Corporate
 
Total
Reserve balances at December 31, 2014
$
0.2

 
$
2.6

 
$
—

 
$
2.8

Restructuring charges
3.3

 
7.4

 
1.6

 
12.3

Cash payments
(1.9
)
 
(4.6
)
 
(0.5
)
 
(7.0
)
Reserve balances at December 31, 2015
$
1.6

 
$
5.4

 
$
1.1

 
$
8.1

Restructuring charges
1.2

 
3.4

 
0.2

 
4.8

Adjustments and other
(0.5
)
 
(0.1
)
 
(0.5
)
 
(1.1
)
Cash payments
(1.6
)
 
(5.1
)
 
(0.4
)
 
(7.1
)
Reserve balances at September 30, 2016
$
0.7

 
$
3.6

 
$
0.4

 
$
4.7