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Restructuring and Other Charges
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Restructuring and Other Charges
Restructuring and Other Charges
During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, we recorded restructuring charges of $12.3 million, $8.5 million, and $5.3 million, respectively. These charges were primarily related to reorganization activities.
In accordance with ongoing initiatives to right size our operations, headcount was reduced by 216 in 2015. Headcount was reduced by 151 in the International segment, 34 in the European segment, 19 in the North American segment, and 12 in the Corporate segment.
For the year ended December 31, 2015, International segment charges of $5.4 million were primarily related to staff reductions in Australia, Japan, and China. European segment restructuring charges of $2.0 million related to a one-time benefit for employees impacted by our European Principal Operating Company. The remaining $1.3 million of restructuring charges in the European segment were primarily related to staff reductions in Central and Southern Europe. North American charges of $2.0 million and Corporate segment charges of $1.6 million were primarily related to staff reductions. While the Company made significant progress in optimizing the cost structure at the end of 2015, the Company is actively evaluating additional cost reduction opportunities in 2016.
For the year ended December 31, 2014, European segment charges of $4.8 million were primarily related to severance from staff reductions in Central and Southern Europe as well as reorganization costs in Central Europe. International segment charges of $3.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 were primarily related to staff reductions in South Africa, Australia, and Brazil and asset disposals in Australia and South Africa, as the Company continued to focus manufacturing efforts in line with our core products and to respond to changing economic conditions.
For the year ended December 31, 2013, European segment charges of $3.0 million were primarily related to staff reductions in Germany and Netherlands. International segment charges of $2.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 were primarily related to staff reductions in Australia and South Africa.
Activity and reserve balances for restructuring charges by segment were as follows:
(in millions)
North America
 
Europe
 
International
 
Corporate
 
Total
Reserve balances at January 1, 2013
$
0.3

 
$
2.5

 
$
0.2

 
$
—

 
$
3.0

Restructuring charges
—

 
3.0

 
2.3

 
—

 
5.3

Cash payments
(0.3
)
 
(3.8
)
 
(2.5
)
 
—

 
(6.6
)
Reserve balances at December 31, 2013
$
—

 
$
1.7

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
1.7

Restructuring charges
—

 
4.8

 
3.7

 
—

 
8.5

Asset disposals
—

 
(0.4
)
 
(1.7
)
 
—

 
(2.1
)
Cash payments
—

 
(3.5
)
 
(1.8
)
 
—

 
(5.3
)
Reserve balances at December 31, 2014
$
—

 
$
2.6

 
$
0.2

 
$
—

 
$
2.8

Restructuring charges
2.0

 
3.3

 
5.4

 
1.6

 
12.3

Cash payments
(0.9
)
 
(1.7
)
 
(3.9
)
 
(0.5
)
 
(7.0
)
Reserve balances at December 31, 2015
$
1.1

 
$
4.2

 
$
1.7

 
$
1.1

 
$
8.1