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INTANGIBLE ASSETS - Note 8
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Notes To Financial Statements Abstract  
Intangible assets - Note 8

8. INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Our intangible assets consist exclusively of technology-based purchased patents. The gross book value of our intangible assets was $951,000 and $1.6 million in the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Amortization expense was $105,000 in 2019 and $116,000 in 2018. In 2019, we recorded an impairment amounting to $160,000 on 52 patents that we elected not to renew, and one patent abandoned in prosecution. In 2018, there were no impairments recorded and none of our patents were abandoned in prosecution. The following table outlines our estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets held at December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

Years Ended December 31,     Amount
2020   $ 57 
2021     49 
2022     40 
2023     32 
2024     22 
Thereafter     21 
    $ 221