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Stockholders’ Equity
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2026
Equity [Abstract]  
Stockholders’ Equity
9. Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred Stock
The Company has two series of preferred stock outstanding: the Series A Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Series A Preferred Stock”), with a $25.00 liquidation preference; and the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series B Preferred Stock”). As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, there were 4,920,045 and 4,928,545 shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued and outstanding, and as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, there was 57,190 and 62,500 shares of Series B Preferred Stock issued and outstanding.
Series A Preferred Stock
The Series A Preferred Stock is not convertible into or exchangeable into common stock of the Company, except upon the occurrence of a delisting event or change of control. Per the Company’s Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of 9.0% Series A Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock (“Series A Certificate of Designations”), if there is an occurrence of delisting or change of control, the holders of Series A Preferred Stock will have the right to convert the number of preferred A shares into a number of common shares by the lesser of (a) the sum of the $25.00 liquidation preference per share of Series A Preferred Stock plus the amount of any accumulated and unpaid dividends divided by the closing price of the common stock on ten consecutive trading days preceding a delisting event, or (b) the share cap of $0.2817.
Series B Preferred Stock
On July 19, 2022, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Series B SPA”) with an accredited investor (the “Series B Investor”) pursuant to which the Company sold to the Series B Investor 62,500 shares of Series B Preferred Stock, for a purchase price of $5,000,000. The shares of Series B Preferred Stock are initially convertible, subject to certain conditions, into 46,211 shares of common stock, at a price per share of $135.25 per share, a 20% premium to the closing price of the common stock on July 18, 2022, subject to adjustment as set forth in the Certificate of Designations of Preferences, Rights and Limitations for the Series B Preferred Stock (“Series B Certificate of Designations”). On October 1, 2024, the Company agreed, as a condition of a waiver of the Series B Investor’s’ right of first refusal and participation rights in connection with the SEPA, to reduce the conversion price to $5.00 upon stockholder approval, which was obtained on November 15, 2024. The sale of common stock as a result of conversion of Series B Preferred Stock and exercise of 140,000 warrants that the Series B Investor held was subject to a 12-month lockup, followed by a 12 month leak out where the holder may not sell shares during the lockup period and may sell up to 1/12th of total conversion and warrant exercise shares per month during the leak out.
Effective on February 5, 2026, per the terms of the Series B Certificate of Designations and Lock-Up and Leak-Out Agreement, the conversion price was adjusted to $0.96, and therefore can result in a conversion of 6,510,416 shares of common stock. It is noted that the conversion of shares is in a leak out period of 12 months from February 6, 2026 to February 6, 2027 in which the holder may sell up to 1/12th of total conversion and warrant exercises during such leak out period. As of March 31, 2026, 5,310 Series B shares had been converted to 553,125 shares of common stock. Subsequent to March 31, 2026, the remaining 57,190 Series B shares had been converted to 5,957,291 shares of common stock through an acceleration agreement of the leak out period.

Common Stock
The Company has one class of common stock, par value $0.001 per share. Each share of the Company’s common stock is entitled to one vote on all matters submitted to stockholders. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, there were 111,717,040 and 102,531,089 shares of common stock outstanding, respectively.
Dividends
Pursuant to the Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of 9.0% Series A Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock of the Company, dividends, when, as and if declared by the Board (or a duly authorized committee of the Board), will be payable monthly in arrears on the final day of each month, beginning August 31, 2021. The Board of Directors had not declared any Series A Preferred Stock dividends beginning October 2022 through March 31, 2026, as such the Company has accumulated approximately $29.6 million of dividends in arrears on the Series A Preferred Stock through December 31, 2025, and an additional $2.8 million of dividends in arrears for the three months ended March 31, 2026, for a total of approximately $32.4 million.
The Company’s Series B Preferred Stock included a 10% accruing dividend compounded daily for 12 months from the original issue date of July 20, 2022, and annually thereafter, that may be paid in cash or stock at the Company’s option at the earlier of (i) the date the Series B Preferred Stock is converted, or (ii) the Series B Dividend Termination Date.
Effective October 1, 2024, the dividend payment obligation has been modified to be annual. The amendment resulted in annual dividend payments going forward. As a result of the amendment, the Company would be obligated to make annual dividend payments for the period starting from July 2023 as per the Series B Preferred Consent and Waiver, however, the board of directors has not yet declared any dividends for that period. As such, the Company has accumulated approximately $1.6 million dividends in arrears in relation to the Series B Preferred Stock through December 31, 2025 and an additional $180 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2026, for a total of approximately $1.8 million. The dividends in arrears are included in the calculation of net loss per share as discussed below.
Standby Equity Purchase Agreement
On August 12, 2024, the Company entered into the SEPA with with YA II PN, LTD., a Cayman Islands exempt limited company (“YA”). Pursuant to the terms of the SEPA, the Company agreed to issue and sell to YA, from time to time, and YA agreed to purchase from the Company, up to $25 million of shares of the Company’s common stock (the “SEPA Shares”). On November 12, 2024, the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-282559) with the SEC for the resale by YA of 3,000,000 SEPA Shares, which was declared effective by the SEC on February 5, 2025. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company has issued and sold 3.0 million shares of common stock to YA pursuant to the SEPA for aggregate net proceeds to the Company of approximately $6.2 million. No shares were issued or proceeds were received for the three months ended March 31, 2026.
On March 24, 2026, the Company entered into a Standby Equity Purchase Agreement (the “2026 SEPA”) with YA. In accordance with the terms of the 2026 SEPA, YA has agreed to purchase up to an aggregate of $250.0 million of shares of common stock (the “2026 SEPA Shares”) from time to time subject to the limits and the conditions of the 2026 SEPA. Pursuant to the 2026 SEPA, we issued to YA a commitment fee of $250 thousand through issuance of 335,976 shares of common stock (the “Commitment Shares”). The commitment fee will be recorded within Other financing expense on the condensed financial statements.


ATM Agreement
On April 29, 2025, the Company entered into the At the Market Offering Agreement ("ATM Agreement" or "ATM”) with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC ("Wainwright"), as sales agent, pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time, through Wainwright, up to $87.65 million of shares of common stock. The Company will pay Wainwright a commission of 3.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds from each sale of shares and has agreed to provide Wainwright with customary indemnification and contribution rights. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company sold 23,591,162 shares of common stock pursuant to the ATM Agreement for net proceeds of $34.2 million after deducting sales agent commissions and legal fees. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, no shares were issued or proceeds received under the ATM Agreement.

On March 9, 2026, the Company filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-294152) with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)which was declared effective by the SEC on March 30, 2026, and the accompanying base prospectus included therein, as supplemented by the prospectus supplement, dated April 1, 2026, filed with the SEC. Based on this prospectus, the Company may offer and sell shares of the Company’s common stock having an aggregate offering price up to $500 million from time to time through Wainwright. Subsequent to March 31, 2026 and
through the date of the issuance of these condensed financial statements, the Company has issued 36,820,572 shares of common stock pursuant to the ATM Agreement for net proceeds of approximately $52.2 million.

Reservation of Shares
The Company had reserved common shares for future issuance as follows as of March 31, 2026:
Stock options outstanding2,565
Restricted stock units outstanding2,465,230
Warrants outstanding22,449,840
Series B Preferred Stock outstanding5,957,291
Number of common shares reserved30,874,926
As noted above in relation to the Series B Preferred Stock, as of March 31, 2026, the Series B Preferred Stock can be converted to 6,510,416 shares of the Company’s common stock at approximately $0.96 per share. As of March 31, 2026, 553,125 shares of the Company's common stock were converted leaving an outstanding balance of 5,957,291. Subsequent to March 31, 2026, through the date of these condensed financial statements, the remaining Series B Preferred Stock had been converted to common stock.

Loss per Share
The Company computes basic loss per common share by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted loss per share reflects the potential dilution, if any, computed by dividing loss by the combination of dilutive common share equivalents, comprised of shares issuable under outstanding investment rights, warrants and the Company’s share-based compensation plans, and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Dilutive common share equivalents include the dilutive effect of in-the-money stock options, which are calculated based on the average share price for each period using the treasury stock method. Under the treasury stock method, the exercise price of a stock option and the amount of compensation cost, if any, for future service that the Company has not yet recognized are assumed to be used to repurchase shares in the current period.
The following table sets forth the reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted per share computations for operations for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025:
(Dollars in thousands, except shares)Three Months Ended
March 31,
20262025
Numerator:
Net loss$(17,902)$(7,354)
(Less) Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest(436)202 
Net loss attributable to Soluna Holdings, Inc.(17,466)(7,556)
Less: Preferred dividends or deemed dividends- - 
Less: Cumulative Preferred Dividends in arrears(2,950)(2,952)
Balance$(20,416)$(10,508)
Denominator:
Basic and Diluted EPS:
Common shares outstanding, beginning of period, including penny warrants and excluding restricted stock awards not vested83,988,9968,106,814
Weighted average common shares issued during the period including penny warrants issued and outstanding and excluding restricted stock awards not vested as of quarter-end112,324612,537
Denominator for basic and diluted earnings per common shares — weighted average common shares84,101,3208,719,351
Basic and diluted loss per share$(0.24)$(1.21)
The Company notes as continuing operations was in a Net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, as such basic and diluted EPS is the same balance as continuing operations acts as the control amount in which would cause antidilution. Not included in the computation of earnings per share, assuming dilution, for the three months ended March 31, 2026, were options to purchase 2,565 shares of the Company’s common stock, 2,465,230 nonvested restricted stock units, 26,968,251 nonvested restricted stock awards, and 22,309,840 outstanding warrants not exercised which excludes penny warrants that can be potentially exercised. These potentially dilutive items were excluded because the calculation of incremental shares resulted in an anti-dilutive effect.
Not included in the computation of earnings per share, assuming dilution, for the three months ended March 31, 2025, were options to purchase 2,645 shares of the Company’s common stock, 206,880 nonvested restricted stock units, 3,220,632 nonvested restricted stock awards, and 2,407,134 outstanding warrants not exercised which excludes penny warrants that can be potentially exercised. These potentially dilutive items were excluded because the calculation of incremental shares resulted in an anti-dilutive effect.