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Stockholders’ Equity
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Equity [Abstract]  
Stockholders’ Equity Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred Stock
The Company has two series of preferred stock outstanding: the Series A Preferred Stock, with a $25.00 liquidation preference; and the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series B Preferred Stock”). As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were 4,928,545 and 4,953,545 shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued and outstanding, respectively, and as of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 there was 62,500 shares of Series B Preferred Stock issued and outstanding, respectively.
Series A Preferred Stock
The Series A Preferred Stock is not convertible into or exchangeable into common stock of the Company, except upon the occurrence of a delisting event or change of control. Per the Company’s Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of 9.0% Series A Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock (“Series A Certificate of Designations”), if there is an occurrence of delisting or change of control, the holders of Series A Preferred Stock will have the right to convert the number of preferred A shares into a number of common shares by the lesser of (a) the sum of the $25.00 liquidation preference per share of Series A Preferred Stock plus the amount of any accumulated and unpaid dividends divided by the closing price of the common stock on ten consecutive trading days preceding a delisting event, or (b) the share cap of 0.2817.
Series B Preferred Stock
On July 19, 2022, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Series B SPA”) with an accredited investor (the “Series B Investor”) pursuant to which the Company sold to the Series B Investor 62,500 shares of Series B Preferred Stock, for a purchase price of $5.0 million. The shares of Series B Preferred Stock are initially convertible, subject to certain conditions, into 46,211 shares of common stock, at a price per share of $135.25 per share, a 20% premium to the closing price of the common stock on July 18, 2022, subject to adjustment as set forth in the Certificate of Designations of Preferences, Rights and Limitations for the Series B Preferred Stock (“Series B Certificate of Designations”). On October 1, 2024, the Company agreed, as a condition of a waiver of the Series B Investor’s right of first refusal and participation rights in connection with the SEPA, to reduce the conversion price to $5.00 upon stockholder approval, which was obtained on November 15, 2024.
In addition, in 2022, the Company issued to the Series B Investor 60,000 common stock purchase warrants (the “Series B Warrants”) to purchase up to an aggregate of shares of common stock. In connection with the above referenced waiver, the exercise price of these warrants was reduced to $0.01 per share and an additional 140,000 warrants exercisable for $0.01 per share were issued. The Series B Investor exercised the 60,000 Series B Warrants on April 22, 2025 through a cashless warrant exercise resulting in the issuance of 59,131 shares of common stock.

Effective from October 1, 2024, the sale of common stock as a result of conversion of Series B Preferred Stock and exercise of the new 140,000 warrants is subject to a 12-month lockup, followed by a 12 month leak out where the holder may not sell shares during the lockup period and may sell up to 1/12th of total conversion and warrant exercise shares per month during the leak out. The effects of the modification of the Series B Preferred Stock on October 1, 2024, including repriced and newly issued penny warrants, and dividend amendments, created an extinguishment on the Series B preferred stock in which the Company recorded a deemed dividend of approximately $1.7 million which relates to the fair value consideration of the modified preferred stock less the original carrying value for the year ended December 31, 2024, excluding the consideration of the Preferred B dividend as discussed below.
Effective on February 5, 2026, per the terms of the Series B Certificate of Designations and lock up, the conversion price was adjusted to $0.96, and therefore can result in a conversion of 6,510,416 shares of common stock. It is noted that the conversion of shares is in a leak out period of 12 months from February 6, 2026 to February 6, 2027 in which the holder may sell up to 1/12th of total conversion and warrant exercises during the leak out.

Common Stock
The Company has one class of common stock, par value $0.001 per share. Each share of the Company’s common stock is entitled to one vote on all matters submitted to stockholders. As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were 102,531,089 and 10,607,020 shares of common stock outstanding, respectively.
Dividends
Pursuant to the Certificate of Designations, Preferences and Rights of 9.0% Series A Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock of the Company, dividends, when, and if declared by the Board (or a duly authorized committee of the Board), will be payable monthly in arrears on the final day of each month, beginning August 31, 2021. The Board of Directors had not declared any Series A Preferred Stock dividends beginning October 2022 through December 31, 2025, as such the Company has accumulated approximately $18.5 million of dividends in arrears on the Series A Preferred Stock through December 31, 2024, and an additional $11.1 million of dividends in arrears for the year ended December 31, 2025, for a total of approximately $29.6 million.
The Company’s Series B Preferred Stock included a 10% accruing dividend compounded daily for 12 months from the original issue date of July 20, 2022, and annually thereafter, that may be paid in cash or stock at the Company’s option at the earlier of (i) the date the Series B Preferred Stock is converted, or (ii) the Series B Dividend Termination Date. On August 11, 2023, the Company paid a mandatory dividend on its outstanding Series B Convertible Preferred Stock in the amount of approximately $656 thousand. Pursuant to the Certificate of Designation for the Series B Stock, the Company had the option to pay the dividend in cash or shares of Common Stock. In fiscal year 2023, pursuant to a Dividend Payment Agreement, the Company and the holder of the Series B Stock agreed to satisfy the payment of the dividend through the issuance of 44,000 shares of its Common Stock and 70,300 pre-funded warrants (the “Pre-funded Warrants”).
Effective October 1, 2024 the dividend payment obligation has been modified to be annual. The amendment resulted in annual dividend payments going forward. As a result of the amendment, the Company would be obligated to make annual dividend payments for the period starting from July 2023 as per the Series B Preferred Consent and Waiver, however, the board of directors has not yet declared any dividends for that period. As such, the Company has accumulated approximately $941 thousand dividends in arrears in relation to the Series B Preferred Stock through December 31, 2024, and an additional $686 thousand of dividends in arrears for the year ended December 31, 2025, for a total of approximately $1.6 million. The dividends in arrears are included in the calculation of net loss per share as discussed in Note 11 for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.
Standby Equity Purchase Agreement
On August 12, 2024, the Company entered into a Standby Equity Purchase Agreement (the “SEPA”) with YA II PN, LTD., a Cayman Islands exempt limited company (“YA”). Pursuant to the terms of the SEPA, the Company agreed to issue and sell to YA, from time to time, and YA agreed to purchase from the Company, up to $25 million of shares of the Company’s common stock (the “SEPA Shares”). The Company paid a commitment fee of approximately $250 thousand to YA and consent fee of $25 thousand to the Series B holder, which was paid through issuance of 65,320 shares of common stock. The commitment and consent fees were recorded within Other expense, net on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company and YA also entered into a registration rights agreement, pursuant to which the Company agreed to prepare and file with the SEC a Registration Statement on Form S-1, registering the resale of the SEPA Shares. On November 12, 2024, the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-282559) with the SEC for the resale by YA of 3,000,000 SEPA Shares, which was declared effective by the SEC on February 5, 2025. As of the date of this Annual Report, the Company has issued and sold approximately 3.0 million shares of common stock to YA pursuant to the SEPA for aggregate net proceeds to the Company of approximately $6.2 million.
ATM Agreement

On April 29, 2025, the Company entered into the ATM Agreement with Wainwright, as sales agent, pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time, through Wainwright, up to $87.65 million of shares of common stock. The Company will pay Wainwright a commission of 3.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds from each sale of shares and has agreed to provide Wainwright with customary indemnification and contribution rights. During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company sold 23,591,162 shares of common stock pursuant to the ATM Agreement for net proceeds of $34.2 million after deducting sales agent commissions and legal fees. As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, the Company has approximately $64.5 million of shares of common stock that are available for issuance under the ATM.

July 2025 Public Offering

On July 15, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with the purchasers signatory thereto, pursuant to which the Company sold in a public offering (the “July 2025 Offering”) an aggregate of (i) 8,794,544 shares of common stock (each a “Share” and collectively, the “Shares”); (ii) pre-funded warrants (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase 296,365 shares of common stock; (iii) Series A warrants (the “Series A Warrants”) to purchase 9,090,909 shares of common stock; and (iv) Series B warrants (the “Series B Warrants,” and together with the Series A Warrants, the “Common Warrants”) to purchase 9,090,909 shares of common stock.

Each Share or Pre-Funded Warrant was sold together with one Series A Warrant to purchase one Share and one Series B Warrant to purchase one Share. The combined public offering price for each Share (or Pre-Funded Warrant) and accompanying Common Warrants was $0.55. The Pre-Funded Warrants have an exercise price of $0.001 per share, are exercisable immediately upon issuance and will expire when exercised in full. Each Common Warrant has an exercise price of $0.55 per share and is exercisable immediately upon issuance.
The net proceeds of the July 2025 Offering, after deducting the fees and expenses of the placement agent and other offering expenses payable by the Company, but excluding the net proceeds, if any, from the exercise of the Common Warrants, was approximately $4.4 million. For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Pre-Funded Warrants and Series A and Series B Warrants were fully exercised for gross proceeds of approximately $10.0 million.

December 2025 Public Offering

On December 4, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “December 2025 Purchase Agreement”) with certain investors, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell to the investors in a registered direct offering: (i) 5,929,944 shares (the “December Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, (ii) pre-funded warrants (the “December Pre-Funded Warrants”) to purchase up to 12,149,200 shares of Common Stock, and (ii) Series C Warrants (the “Series C Warrants”) to purchase up to 18,079,144 shares of Common Stock (the “December Offering”). The purchase price for each share of Common Stock and accompanying Series C Warrant sold in the December Offering was $1.77. The Series C warrants have an exercise price of $1.65 per share, are exercisable immediately upon issuance, and will expire five years following the date of issuance.

The gross proceeds of the December Offering described above were approximately $32.0 million before deducting placement agent fees and other offering expenses payable by the Company. The Company intends to use the net proceeds of $29.7 million from the offering for working capital, project-level equity, and general corporate purposes.

Reservation of Shares
The Company had reserved common shares for future issuance as follows as of December 31, 2025:
Stock options outstanding2,645
Restricted stock units outstanding508,980
Warrants outstanding30,599,040
Series B Preferred Shares Conversion to Common Shares1,250,000
Number of common shares reserved32,360,665