Restructuring

During 2016 and 2015, we continued to evaluate our cost structure and further identified cost savings associated with streamlining our management structure and our decision to exit non-strategic businesses. Our 2016 and 2015 restructuring plans consisted of a workforce reduction of approximately 100 and 550 positions, respectively, and are further detailed below. The charges for the restructuring plan are classified as selling and general expenses within the consolidated statements of income and the reserves are included in other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

In certain circumstances, reserves are no longer needed because of efficiencies in carrying out the plans or because employees previously identified for separation resigned from the Company and did not receive severance or were reassigned due to circumstances not foreseen when the original plans were initiated. In these cases, we reverse reserves through the consolidated statements of income during the period when it is determined they are no longer needed.

The initial restructuring charge recorded and the ending reserve balance as of September 30, 2016 by segment is as follows:



	2016 Restructuring Plans				2015 Restructuring Plans
(in millions)	Initial Charge Recorded		Ending Reserve Balance		Initial Charge Recorded		Ending Reserve Balance
S&P Global Ratings	$	8	$	5	$	18	$	7
S&P Global Market Intelligence	1		1		31		10
S&P Global Platts	6		5		3		—
Corporate	2		2		11		6
Total	$	17	$	13	$	63	$	23

We recorded a pre-tax restructuring charge of $17 million for the 2016 restructuring plan during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and have reduced the reserve for the 2016 restructuring plan by $4 million. The ending reserve balance for the 2015 restructuring plan was $50 million as of December 31, 2015. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016, we have reduced the reserve for the 2015 restructuring plan by $27 million.