INCOME TAXES

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

INCOME TAXES

INCOME TAXES:

The income tax (benefit) provision consisted of the following:

	2022		2021		2020
Current:
Federal	$	13,481	$	(3,741)	$	(12,354)
State	4,676		3,579		(1,030)
Foreign	10,414		2,379		11,306
	28,571		2,217		(2,078)
Deferred:
Federal	(24,239)		5,829		4,710
State	(3,895)		169		2,880
Foreign	(4,828)		(1,840)		(24,197)
	(32,962)		4,158		(16,607)
Total	$	(4,391)	$	6,375	$	(18,685)

The reconciliation of the federal statutory tax rate to the consolidated effective tax rate was as follows:

	2022		2021		2020
Federal statutory tax rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%
Effect of state income taxes, net of federal deduction	0.2	%	37.5	%	(1.9)	%
Foreign statutory taxes compared to federal statutory rate	1.6	%	(18.6)	%	3.4	%
Share-based compensation	(1.1)	%	24.5	%	(1.4)	%
Termination of SERP	—	%	28.6	%	—	%
Tax credits	1.2	%	(26.6)	%	1.8	%
Sale of SERP-related investments	—	%	23.8	%	—	%
Goodwill write-down	(11.2)	%	—	%	(9.4)	%
Tax rate differential on net operating loss carryback	—	%	(21.4)	%	4.2	%
Other *	(7.5)	%	0.2	%	(0.1)	%
Effective tax rate	4.2	%	69.0	%	17.6	%

* In Fiscal 2022, "Other" primarily consists of foreign net operating losses that had a full valuation allowance.

The Company's consolidated income taxes for the year ended September 30, 2022 were a benefit of $4,391, compared to an expense of $6,375 for fiscal 2021, and a benefit of $18,685 for fiscal 2020. The difference between the Company's consolidated income taxes for fiscal 2022 compared to fiscal 2021 partially resulted from fiscal 2022 having a consolidated loss before income taxes compared to fiscal 2021 having consolidated income before incomes taxes. The fiscal 2022 consolidated loss reflected a goodwill write-down recorded in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022 that was primarily non-deductible. The fiscal 2022 effective tax rate benefited from research and development and foreign tax credits. The fiscal 2022 effective tax rate was negatively impacted by foreign net operating losses that had a full valuation allowance. The fiscal 2021 effective tax rate also benefited from research and development and foreign tax credits as well as the reduction of uncertain tax positions due to the expiration of the statute of limitations in certain jurisdictions, the completion of a state tax audit, and the tax benefit of the NOL carryback. The fiscal 2021 tax rate was negatively impacted by the termination of the Company's SERP, which resulted in certain expenses that are nondeductible for tax purposes.

The difference between the Company's consolidated income tax provision for fiscal 2021 compared to fiscal 2020 primarily resulted from fiscal 2021 having consolidated income before income taxes, compared to fiscal 2020 having a consolidated loss, which reflected a goodwill write-down that was partially non-deductible. The Company’s fiscal 2020 effective tax rate was negatively affected by the non-deductible portion of a goodwill write-down along with certain other non-deductible expenses. The fiscal 2020 effective tax rate benefited from research and development and foreign tax credits, the reduction of uncertain tax positions due to the completion of a foreign tax audit, and the tax benefit of the NOL carryback.

The Company's foreign subsidiaries had loss before income taxes for the year ended September 30, 2022 of approximately $47,653, income before income taxes for the year ended September 30, 2021 of approximately $6,685 and loss before income taxes for the year ended September 30, 2020 of approximately $68,343. Deferred income taxes have not been provided on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries since they have either been previously taxed, or are now exempt from tax, under the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, and such earnings are considered to be reinvested indefinitely in foreign operations. At September 30, 2022, undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries for which deferred income taxes have not been provided approximated $346,298. 

The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities at September 30, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:

	2022		2021
Deferred tax assets:
Pension and postretirement benefits	$	9,051	$	11,832
Accruals and reserves not currently deductible	10,909		8,753
Income tax credit carryforward	5,796		5,206
Operating and capital loss carryforwards	54,875		51,438
Stock options	7,103		4,944
Other	50		1,320
Total deferred tax assets	87,784		83,493
Valuation allowances	(27,552)		(28,619)
Net deferred tax assets	60,232		54,874
Deferred tax liabilities:
Depreciation	(27,317)		(23,224)
Unrealized gains and losses	(2,793)		(886)
Goodwill and intangible assets	(98,715)		(113,476)
Other	(20,386)		(11,215)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(149,211)		(148,801)
Net deferred tax liability	$	(88,979)	$	(93,927)

At September 30, 2022, the Company had foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $249,216. The Company has recorded deferred tax assets of $3,312 for state net operating loss carryforwards, which will be available to offset future income tax liabilities. The majority of the Company's foreign net operating losses have no expiration period. Certain of these carryforwards are subject to limitations on use due to tax rules affecting acquired tax attributes, loss sharing between group members, and business continuation. Therefore, the Company has established tax-effected valuation allowances against these tax benefits in the amount of $27,552 at September 30, 2022. 

Changes in the total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits (excluding penalties and interest) are as follows:

	2022		2021		2020
Balance, beginning of year	$	2,807	$	10,483	$	15,526
Increases for tax positions of prior years	1,393		—		500
Decreases for tax positions of prior years	(200)		(288)		(2,727)
Increases based on tax positions related to the current year	551		628		939
Decreases due to lapse of statute of limitation	(428)		(8,016)		(3,755)
Balance, end of year	$	4,123	$	2,807	$	10,483

The Company had unrecognized tax benefits of $4,123 at September 30, 2022, which would impact the annual effective tax rate.  It is reasonably possible that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits could decrease by approximately $1,425 in the next 12 months primarily due to the completion of audits and the expiration of the statute of limitation related to specific tax positions.

The Company classifies interest and penalties on tax uncertainties as a component of the provision for income taxes.  Total penalties and interest accrued were $876 and $691 at September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.  These accruals may potentially be applicable in the event of an unfavorable outcome of uncertain tax positions.

The Company is currently under examination in several tax jurisdictions and remains subject to examination until the statute of limitation expires for those tax jurisdictions. 

As of September 30, 2022, the tax years that remain subject to examination by major jurisdiction generally are:

United States - Federal	2019 and forward
United States - State	2018 and forward
Canada	2018 and forward
Germany	2019 and forward
United Kingdom	2021 and forward
Australia	2017 and forward
Singapore	2018 and forward