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Retirement Benefits
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Retirement Benefits Retirement Benefits
The Company maintains qualified and non-qualified defined benefit pension plans for its U.S. and non-U.S. eligible employees. The Company’s policy for funding its tax-qualified defined benefit retirement plans is to contribute amounts at least sufficient to meet the funding requirements set forth by U.S. law and the laws of the non-U.S. jurisdictions in which the Company offers defined benefit plans.
The weighted average actuarial assumptions utilized to calculate the net periodic benefit costs for the U.S. and significant non-U.S. defined benefit plans are as follows:
Combined U.S. and significant non-U.S. PlansPension Benefits
September 30,20242023
Weighted average assumptions:
Expected return on plan assets5.44 %5.31 %
Discount rate4.95 %5.16 %
Rate of compensation increase *3.16 %3.16 %
(*) There are no rate of compensation increase assumptions for the U.S. defined benefit plans since future benefit accruals were discontinued for those plans after December 31, 2016 and earned benefits are not subject to final salary level adjustments.
The target asset allocation for the U.S. plans is 50% equities and equity alternatives, and 50% fixed income. At September 30, 2024, the actual allocation for the U.S. plans was 50% equities and equity alternatives, and 50% fixed income. The target allocation for the U.K. plans at September 30, 2024 is 13% equities and equity alternatives, and 87% fixed income. At September 30, 2024, the actual allocation for the U.K. plans was 14% equities and equity alternatives and 86% fixed income. The Company's U.K. plans comprised approximately 79% of non-U.S. plan assets at December 31, 2023. The assets of the Company's defined benefit plans are diversified and are managed in accordance with applicable laws and with the goal of maximizing the plans' real return within acceptable risk parameters. The Company uses threshold-based portfolio re-balancing to ensure the actual portfolio remains consistent with target asset allocation ranges.
The net benefit cost or credit of the Company's defined benefit plans is measured on an actuarial basis using various methods and assumptions.
The components of the net benefit credit for defined benefit plans are as follows:
Combined U.S. and significant non-U.S. Plans
For the Three Months Ended September 30,
Pension Benefits
(In millions)20242023
Service cost$5 $7 
Interest cost146 151 
Expected return on plan assets(222)(218)
Recognized actuarial loss8 5 
Net periodic benefit credit$(63)$(55)
Settlement loss1 — 
Net benefit credit$(62)$(55)
Combined U.S. and significant non-U.S. Plans
For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
Pension Benefits
(In millions)20242023
Service cost$17 $18 
Interest cost434 449 
Expected return on plan assets(657)(645)
Amortization of prior service cost1 — 
Recognized actuarial loss23 16 
Net periodic benefit credit$(182)$(162)
Settlement loss1 — 
Net benefit credit$(181)$(162)
The following tables provide the amounts reported in the consolidated statements of income:
Combined U.S. and significant non-U.S. Plans
For the Three Months Ended September 30,
Pension Benefits
(In millions)20242023
Compensation and benefits expense$5 $7 
Other net benefit credits(67)(62)
Net benefit credit$(62)$(55)
Combined U.S. and significant non-U.S. Plans
For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
Pension Benefits
(In millions)20242023
Compensation and benefits expense$17 $18 
Other net benefit credits(198)(180)
Net benefit credit$(181)$(162)
The components of the net benefit credit for the U.S. defined benefit plans are as follows:
U.S. Plans only
For the Three Months Ended September 30,
Pension Benefits
(In millions)20242023
Interest cost$62 $65 
Expected return on plan assets(76)(78)
Recognized actuarial loss 5 5 
Net benefit credit$(9)$(8)
U.S. Plans only
For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
Pension Benefits
(In millions)20242023
Interest cost$187 $195 
Expected return on plan assets(227)(233)
Recognized actuarial loss 15 14 
Net benefit credit$(25)$(24)
The components of the net benefit credit for the non-U.S. defined benefit plans are as follows:
Significant non-U.S. Plans only
For the Three Months Ended September 30,
Pension Benefits
(In millions)20242023
Service cost$5 $7 
Interest cost84 86 
Expected return on plan assets(146)(140)
Recognized actuarial loss3 — 
Net periodic benefit credit$(54)$(47)
Settlement loss1 — 
Net benefit credit$(53)$(47)
Significant non-U.S. Plans only
For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
Pension Benefits
(In millions)20242023
Service cost$17 $18 
Interest cost247 254 
Expected return on plan assets(430)(412)
Amortization of prior service cost1 — 
Recognized actuarial loss8 2 
Net periodic benefit credit$(157)$(138)
Settlement loss1 — 
Net benefit credit$(156)$(138)
The Company made contributions to its U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 of approximately $16 million and $67 million, respectively, compared to contributions of $26 million and $73 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods in the prior year. The Company expects to contribute approximately $25 million to its U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans during the remainder of 2024.
Defined Contribution Plans
The Company maintains defined contribution plans ("DC Plans") for its employees, the most significant being in the U.S. and the U.K. The cost of the U.S. DC Plans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $45 million and $142 million, respectively, and $45 million and $133 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods in the prior year. The cost of the U.K. DC Plans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $39 million and $130 million, respectively, and $39 million and $120 million, respectively, for the corresponding periods in the prior year.