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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL REPORTING POLICIES:

Organization and principles of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of AMREP Corporation, an Oklahoma corporation, and its subsidiaries (individually and collectively, as the context requires, the “Company”). The Company, through its subsidiaries, is primarily engaged in two business segments: the real estate business operated by AMREP Southwest Inc. (“AMREP Southwest”) and its subsidiaries and the fulfillment services business operated by Palm Coast Data LLC (“Palm Coast”) and its affiliates. The Company’s foreign sales are insignificant. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The consolidated balance sheets are presented in an unclassified format since the Company has substantial operations in the real estate industry and its operating cycle is greater than one year. Certain 2016 balances in these financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation with no effect on the net income or loss or shareholders’ equity.

Fiscal year

The Company’s fiscal year ends on April 30. All references to 2017 and 2016 mean the fiscal years ended April 30, 2017 and 2016, unless the context otherwise indicates.

Revenue recognition

Fulfillment Services – Revenues from fulfillment services operations include revenues from subscription, contact center and other fulfillment services. These revenues include fees from the maintenance of computer files for customers and other fulfillment activities, including customer telephone support, and graphic arts and lettershop services, all of which are billed and earned monthly as the services are provided. In accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 605-45, certain reimbursed postage costs are accounted for on a net basis.

Real Estate – Land sales are recognized when all elements of ASC 360-20 are met, including when the parties are bound by the terms of the contract, all consideration (including adequate cash) has been exchanged, title and other attributes of ownership have been conveyed to the buyer by means of a closing and the Company is not obligated to perform further significant development of the specific property sold. Profit is recorded either in its entirety or on the installment method depending upon, among other things, the ability to estimate the collectability of the unpaid sales price. In the event the buyer defaults on an obligation with respect to real estate inventory which has been sold, the property may be repossessed (“take-back lots”). When repossessed, take-back lots are taken into inventory at fair market value less estimated costs to sell. Fair market value may be supported by current third party appraisals.

Cost of land sales includes all direct acquisition costs and other costs specifically identified with the property, including pre-acquisition costs and capitalized real estate taxes and interest, and an allocation of certain common development costs (such as roads, sewers and amenities) associated with the entire project. Common development costs include the installation of utilities and roads, and may be based upon estimates of cost to complete. The allocation of costs is based on the relative sales value of the property. Estimates and cost allocations are reviewed on a regular basis until a project is substantially completed, and are revised and reallocated as necessary on the basis of current estimates.

The Company periodically develops commercial buildings on property it owns and leases the building to tenants. Base rental payments from tenants are recognized as revenue monthly over the term of the lease. Additional rent related to the reimbursement of real estate taxes, insurance, repairs and maintenance, and other operating expenses is recognized as revenue in the period the expenses are incurred. The reimbursements are recognized as earned and presented gross, as the Company is generally the primary obligor and, with respect to purchasing goods and services from third-party suppliers, has discretion in selecting the supplier and bears the associated credit risk.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments that have an original maturity of ninety days or less and are readily convertible into cash.

Receivables

Receivables are carried at original invoice or closing statement amounts less estimates made for doubtful accounts. Management determines the allowances for doubtful accounts by reviewing and identifying troubled accounts and by using historical experience applied to an aging of accounts. A receivable is considered to be past due if any portion of the receivable balance is outstanding for more than ninety days. Receivables are written off when deemed uncollectible. Recoveries of receivables previously written off are recorded when received.

Real estate inventory

The Company accounts for its real estate inventories in accordance with ASC 360-10. The cost basis of the land and improvements includes all direct acquisition costs including development costs, certain amenities, capitalized interest, capitalized real estate taxes and other costs. Interest and real estate taxes are not capitalized unless active development is underway. Real estate inventory held for future development or sale is stated at accumulated cost and is evaluated and reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. Provisions for impairment are recorded when undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the carrying amount of the assets. Take-back lots (as discussed above under “Revenue recognition”) are initially recorded at fair market value less estimated costs to sell, establishing a new cost basis, and are subsequently measured at the lower of this new cost basis or fair market value less estimated costs to sell.

For real estate projects under development, an estimate of future cash flows on an undiscounted basis is determined using estimated future expenditures necessary to complete such projects and using management’s best estimates about sales prices and holding periods. The estimation process involved in determining if assets have been impaired and in the determination of estimated future cash flows is inherently uncertain because it requires estimates of future revenues and costs, as well as future events and conditions. If the excess of undiscounted cash flows over the carrying value of a project is small, there is a greater risk of future impairment and any resulting impairment charges could be material. Due to the subjective nature of the estimates and assumptions used in determining future cash flows, actual results could differ materially from current estimates and the Company may be required to recognize impairment charges in the future.

Investment assets

Investment assets primarily consist of investment land, which represents vacant, undeveloped land not held for development or sale in the normal course of business, and is stated at the lower of cost or fair market value less estimated costs to sell.

Property, plant and equipment

Items capitalized as part of property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. Expenditures for maintenance and repair and minor renewals are charged to expense as incurred, while those expenditures that improve or extend the useful life of existing assets are capitalized. Upon the sale or other disposition of assets, their cost and the related accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the accounts and the resulting gain or loss, if any, is reflected in operations.

Depreciation and amortization of property, plant and equipment are provided principally by the straight-line method at various rates calculated to amortize the book values of the respective assets over their estimated useful lives, which generally are 10 years or less for furniture and fixtures (including equipment) and 25 to 40 years for buildings and improvements.

Impairment of long-lived assets

Long-lived assets, including certain real estate, property, plant and equipment, and intangible and other assets, are accounted for in accordance with ASC 360-10. Long-lived assets are evaluated and tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. Asset impairment tests are based upon the intended use of assets, expected future cash flows and estimates of fair value of assets. The evaluation of operating asset groups includes an estimate of future cash flows on an undiscounted basis using estimated revenue streams, operating margins and administrative expenses. Similar to real estate inventory, the estimation process involved in determining if assets have been impaired and in the determination of estimated future cash flows is inherently uncertain because it requires estimates of future revenues and costs, as well as future events and conditions.

Income taxes

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and are measured by using currently enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those differences are expected to reverse. The Company provides a valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets unless, based upon the available evidence, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized.

Earnings (loss) per share

Basic earnings (loss) per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each year. The unvested restricted shares of common stock (see Note 12) are not included in the computation of basic earnings per share, as they are considered contingently returnable shares. The unvested restricted shares of common stock are included in diluted earnings per share if they are dilutive. Deferred stock units that are issued (see Note 12) are included in both basic and diluted earnings per share computations.

Pension plan

The Company recognizes the over-funded or under-funded status of its defined benefit pension plan as an asset or liability as of the date of its year-end statement of financial position and changes in that funded status in the year in which the changes occur through comprehensive income (loss).

Comprehensive income (loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events from non-owner sources. Total comprehensive income (loss) is the total of net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss) that, for the Company, consists solely of the minimum pension liability net of the related deferred income tax effect.

Management’s estimates and assumptions

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates that affect the financial statements include, but are not limited to, (i) allowances for doubtful accounts; (ii) real estate cost of sales calculations, which are based on land development budgets and estimates of costs to complete; (iii) cash flows, asset groupings and valuation assumptions in performing asset impairment tests of long-lived assets (including real estate inventories) and assets held for sale; (iv) actuarially determined benefit obligation and other pension plan accounting and disclosures; (v) risk assessment of uncertain tax positions; and (vi) the determination of the recoverability of net deferred tax assets. The Company bases its significant estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Recent accounting pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Since that date, the FASB has issued additional ASUs providing further revenue recognition guidance (collectively, “Topic 606”). Topic 606 clarifies the principles for recognizing revenue and costs related to obtaining and fulfilling customer contracts, with the objective of improving financial reporting. The core principle of Topic 606 is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Topic 606 defines a five-step process to achieve this core principle, and more judgment and estimates may be required under Topic 606 than are currently required under generally accepted accounting principles. The two permitted transition methods under Topic 606 are (i) the full retrospective method, in which case the standard would be applied to each prior reporting period presented, or the modified retrospective method, in which case the cumulative effect of applying the standard would be recognized at the date of adoption. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date, which deferred the required adoption date until May 1, 2018, although an earlier adoption is permitted. The Company does not intend to early adopt Topic 606. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of Topic 606 on the Company’s accounting policies, processes and system requirements, as well as its consolidated financial statements. The Company is also evaluating the transition method it will select upon adoption. Depending on the results of the evaluation, there could be changes to the timing of recognition of revenues and related costs. As the Company considers itself to be in the initial stages of evaluation of the impact of Topic 606, the Company does not know and cannot reasonably estimate quantitative information related to the impact of these new ASUs on its consolidated financial statements, including the effect on the Company’s operating results.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern (“ASU 2014-15), which provides guidance on management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise a substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued. Management’s evaluation should be based on relevant conditions and events that are known and likely to occur at the date that the financial statements are issued. ASU 2014-15 was effective for the Company for fiscal year ended April 30, 2017. The adoption of ASU 2014-15 by the Company did not have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases. ASU 2016-02 requires that a lessee recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from operating leases. A lessee should recognize in its balance sheet a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For leases with a term of twelve months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. In transition, lessees and lessors are required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. The amendments in the ASU will be effective for the Company for fiscal year 2020 beginning on May 1, 2019. The Company has not yet concluded how the new standard will impact its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation: Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. ASU 2016-09 simplifies several aspects of accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 is effective for the Company’s fiscal year 2018 beginning May 1, 2017, including interim periods within that fiscal year. The adoption of ASU 2016-09 by the Company is not expected to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. The purpose of ASU 2016-15 is to reduce the diversity in practice regarding how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 is effective for the Company’s fiscal year 2019 beginning May 1, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. A retrospective transition method is to be used in the application of this amendment. The adoption of ASU 2016-15 by the Company is not expected to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-19, Technical Corrections and Improvements. ASU 2016-19 clarifies and improves ease of understanding for existing guidance under the Accounting Standards Codification by making the text more uniform and streamlined. ASU 2016-19 was effective when issued. The adoption of ASU 2016-19 by the Company did not have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.