SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL REPORTING POLICIES	12 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2021
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL REPORTING POLICIES
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL REPORTING POLICIES	(1) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL REPORTING POLICIES Organization and principles of consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of AMREP Corporation, an Oklahoma corporation, and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”). The Company, through its subsidiaries, is primarily engaged in two business segments: land development and homebuilding. The Company has no foreign sales. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The consolidated balance sheets are presented in an unclassified format since the Company has substantial operations in the real estate industry and its operating cycle is greater than one year. Certain 2020 balances in these financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation with no effect on the net income or loss or shareholders’ equity. Fiscal year The Company’s fiscal year ends on April 30. All references to 2021 and 2020 mean the fiscal years ended April 30, 2021 and 2021, unless the context otherwise indicates. Revenue recognition Land sale revenues: The Company accounts for land sale revenues in accordance with Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). Revenue from land sales are recognized when the parties are bound by the terms of a contract, consideration has been exchanged, title and other attributes of ownership have been conveyed to the buyer by means of a closing and the Company is not obligated to perform further significant development of the specific property sold. In general, the Company’s performance obligation for each of these land sales is fulfilled upon the delivery of the land, which generally coincides with the receipt of cash consideration from the counterparty. Land sale cost of revenues includes all direct acquisition costs and other costs specifically identified with the property, including pre-acquisition costs and capitalized real estate taxes and interest, and an allocation of certain common development costs associated with the entire project. Common development costs include the installation of utilities and roads, and may be based upon estimates of cost to complete. The allocation of costs is based on the relative sales value of the property. Estimates and cost allocations are reviewed on a regular basis until a project is substantially completed, and are revised and reallocated as necessary on the basis of current estimates. Home sale revenues: The Company accounts for revenue from home sales in accordance with ASU 2014-09. Revenues and cost of revenues from home sales are recognized at the time each home is delivered and title and possession are transferred to the buyer. The Company’s performance obligation to deliver a home is normally satisfied in less than one year from the date a binding sale agreement is signed. In general, the Company’s performance obligation for each home sale is fulfilled upon the delivery of the completed home, which generally coincides with the receipt of cash consideration from the counterparty. If the Company’s performance obligations are not complete upon the home closing, the Company defers a portion of the home sale revenues related to the outstanding obligations and subsequently recognizes that revenue upon completion of such obligations. As of April 30, 2021, deferred home sale revenues and costs related thereto were immaterial. Forfeited customer deposits for homes are recognized in home sale revenues in the period in which the Company determines that the customer will not complete the purchase of the home and the Company has the right to retain the deposit. In order to promote sales of homes, the Company may offer home buyers sales incentives. These incentives vary by type and amount on a community-by-community and home-by-home basis. Incentives are reflected as a reduction in home sale revenues. Home construction and related costs are capitalized as incurred within real estate inventory under the specific identification method on the consolidated balance sheet and are charged to home sale cost of revenues on the consolidated statement of operations when the related home is sold. Rental revenues: The Company may enter into leases with tenants with respect to property or buildings it owns. Base rental payments from tenants are recognized as revenue monthly over the term of the lease. Additional rent related to the reimbursement of real estate taxes, insurance, repairs and maintenance, and other operating expenses is recognized as revenue in the period the expenses are incurred. Building sales and other revenues: The Company accounts for building sales and other revenues in accordance with ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). Building sales revenues consist of building sales in New Mexico and Florida. Revenue from these building sales are recognized when the parties are bound by the terms of a contract, consideration has been exchanged, title and other attributes of ownership have been conveyed to the buyer by means of a closing and the Company is not obligated to perform further significant development of the specific property sold. In general, the Company’s performance obligation for each of these building sales is fulfilled upon the delivery of the property, which generally coincides with the receipt of cash consideration from the counterparty. Building sales and other cost of revenues includes all direct acquisition costs and other costs specifically identified with the property, including pre-acquisition and acquisition costs, if applicable, closing and selling costs and construction costs. Cash, and cash equivalents Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments that have an original maturity of ninety days or less when purchased and are readily convertible into cash. Restricted cash consists of cash deposits with a bank that are restricted due to subdivision improvement agreements with a governmental authority. The Company did not have any restricted cash as of April 30, 2021 or April 30, 2020. Real estate inventory Real estate inventory includes land and improvements on land held for future development or sale. The Company accounts for its real estate inventory in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 360-10. The cost basis of the land and improvements includes all direct acquisition costs including development costs, certain amenities, capitalized interest, capitalized real estate taxes and other costs. Interest and real estate taxes are not capitalized unless active development is underway. Real estate inventory held for future development or sale is stated at accumulated cost and is evaluated and reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. Investment assets, net Investment assets, net consist of (i) investment land, which represents vacant, undeveloped land not held for development or sale in the normal course of business, and (ii) real estate assets that are leased or intended to be leased to third parties. Investment assets are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Depreciation of investment assets (other than land) is provided principally by the straight-line method at various rates calculated to amortize the book values of the respective assets over their estimated useful lives, which generally are 10 to 40 years for buildings and improvements. Land is not subject to depreciation. Impairment of long-lived assets Long-lived assets consist of real estate inventory and investment assets and are accounted for in accordance with ASC 360-10. Long-lived assets are evaluated and tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. Asset impairment tests are based upon the intended use of assets, expected future cash flows and estimates of fair value of assets. The evaluation of operating asset groups includes an estimate of future cash flows on an undiscounted basis using estimated revenue streams, operating margins and general and administrative expenses. The estimation process involved in determining if assets have been impaired and in the determination of estimated future cash flows is inherently uncertain because it requires estimates of future revenues and costs, as well as future events and conditions. If the excess of undiscounted cash flows over the carrying value of a project is small, there is a greater risk of future impairment and any resulting impairment charges could be material. Due to the subjective nature of the estimates and assumptions used in determining future cash flows, actual results could differ materially from current estimates and the Company may be required to recognize impairment charges in the future Leases Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recorded on the balance sheet for all leases with an initial term over one year. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet. Right-of-use assets are classified within other assets and the corresponding lease liability is included in accounts payable and accrued expenses in the consolidated balance sheet. Share-based compensation The Company accounts for awards of restricted stock and deferred stock units in accordance with ASC 718‑10, which requires that compensation cost for all stock awards be calculated and amortized over the service period (generally equal to the vesting period). Compensation expense for awards of restricted stock and deferred stock units are based on the fair value of the awards at their grant dates. Income taxes Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and are measured by using currently enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those differences are expected to reverse. The Company provides a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets unless, based upon the available evidence, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized. Earnings (loss) per share Basic earnings (loss) per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each year. Unvested restricted shares of common stock (see Note 11) are not included in the computation of basic earnings per share, as they are considered contingently returnable shares. Unvested restricted shares of common stock are included in diluted earnings per share if they are dilutive. Deferred stock units (see Note 11) are included in both basic and diluted earnings per share computations. Pension plan The Company recognizes the over-funded or under-funded status of its defined benefit pension plan as an asset or liability as of the date of the plan’s year-end statement of financial position and recognizes changes in that funded status in the year in which the changes occur through comprehensive income (loss). Comprehensive income Comprehensive income is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events from non-owner sources. Total comprehensive income is the total of net income or loss and other comprehensive income or loss that, for the Company, consists of the minimum pension liability net of the related deferred income tax effect. Management’s estimates and assumptions The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates that affect the financial statements include, but are not limited to, (i) land sale cost of revenue calculations, which are based on land development budgets and estimates of costs to complete; (ii) cash flows, asset groupings and valuation assumptions in performing asset impairment tests of long-lived assets and assets held for sale; (iii) actuarially determined benefit obligations and other pension plan accounting and disclosures; (iv) risk assessment of uncertain tax positions; and (v) the determination of the recoverability of net deferred tax assets. The Company bases its significant estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Recent accounting pronouncements In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes – Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which removes certain exceptions for companies related to tax allocations and simplifies when companies recognize deferred tax liabilities in an interim period. ASU 2019-12 will be effective for the Company’s fiscal year beginning May 1, 2021. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement: Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. ASU 2018-13 eliminates certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements for all entities, requires public entities to disclose certain new information and modifies some disclosure requirements to improve the effectiveness of disclosures in the notes to financial statements. ASU 2018-13 was effective for the Company’s fiscal year beginning May 1, 2020. The adoption of ASU 2018-13 by the Company did not have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans. ASU 2018-14 removes disclosures that no longer are considered cost beneficial, clarifies the specific requirements of disclosures and adds disclosure requirements identified as relevant for companies with defined benefit retirement plans. ASU 2018-14 was effective for the Company’s fiscal year beginning May 1, 2020. The adoption of ASU 2018-14 by the Company did not have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements. There are no other new accounting standards or updates to be adopted that the Company currently believes might have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.

(1) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL REPORTING POLICIES

Organization and principles of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of AMREP Corporation, an Oklahoma corporation, and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”). The Company, through its subsidiaries, is primarily engaged in two business segments: land development and homebuilding. The Company has no foreign sales. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The consolidated balance sheets are presented in an unclassified format since the Company has substantial operations in the real estate industry and its operating cycle is greater than one year. Certain 2020 balances in these financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation with no effect on the net income or loss or shareholders’ equity.

Fiscal year

The Company’s fiscal year ends on April 30. All references to 2021 and 2020 mean the fiscal years ended April 30, 2021 and 2021, unless the context otherwise indicates.

Revenue recognition

Land sale revenues: The Company accounts for land sale revenues in accordance with Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). Revenue from land sales are recognized when the parties are bound by the terms of a contract, consideration has been exchanged, title and other attributes of ownership have been conveyed to the buyer by means of a closing and the Company is not obligated to perform further significant development of the specific property sold. In general, the Company’s performance obligation for each of these land sales is fulfilled upon the delivery of the land, which generally coincides with the receipt of cash consideration from the counterparty.

Land sale cost of revenues includes all direct acquisition costs and other costs specifically identified with the property, including pre-acquisition costs and capitalized real estate taxes and interest, and an allocation of certain common development costs associated with the entire project. Common development costs include the installation of utilities and roads, and may be based upon estimates of cost to complete. The allocation of costs is based on the relative sales value of the property. Estimates and cost allocations are reviewed on a regular basis until a project is substantially completed, and are revised and reallocated as necessary on the basis of current estimates.

Home sale revenues: The Company accounts for revenue from home sales in accordance with ASU 2014-09. Revenues and cost of revenues from home sales are recognized at the time each home is delivered and title and possession are transferred to the buyer. The Company’s performance obligation to deliver a home is normally satisfied in less than one year from the date a binding sale agreement is signed. In general, the Company’s performance obligation for each home sale is fulfilled upon the delivery of the completed home, which generally coincides with the receipt of cash consideration from the counterparty. If the Company’s performance obligations are not complete upon the home closing, the Company defers a portion of the home sale revenues related to the outstanding obligations and subsequently recognizes that revenue upon completion of such obligations. As of April 30, 2021, deferred home sale revenues and costs related thereto were immaterial.

Forfeited customer deposits for homes are recognized in home sale revenues in the period in which the Company determines that the customer will not complete the purchase of the home and the Company has the right to retain the deposit. In order to promote sales of homes, the Company may offer home buyers sales incentives. These incentives vary by type and amount on a community-by-community and home-by-home basis. Incentives are reflected as a reduction in home sale revenues.

Home construction and related costs are capitalized as incurred within real estate inventory under the specific identification method on the consolidated balance sheet and are charged to home sale cost of revenues on the consolidated statement of operations when the related home is sold.

Rental revenues: The Company may enter into leases with tenants with respect to property or buildings it owns. Base rental payments from tenants are recognized as revenue monthly over the term of the lease. Additional rent related to the reimbursement of real estate taxes, insurance, repairs and maintenance, and other operating expenses is recognized as revenue in the period the expenses are incurred.

Building sales and other revenues: The Company accounts for building sales and other revenues in accordance with ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). Building sales revenues consist of building sales in New Mexico and Florida. Revenue from these building sales are recognized when the parties are bound by the terms of a contract, consideration has been exchanged, title and other attributes of ownership have been conveyed to the buyer by means of a closing and the Company is not obligated to perform further significant development of the specific property sold. In general, the Company’s performance obligation for each of these building sales is fulfilled upon the delivery of the property, which generally coincides with the receipt of cash consideration from the counterparty.

Building sales and other cost of revenues includes all direct acquisition costs and other costs specifically identified with the property, including pre-acquisition and acquisition costs, if applicable, closing and selling costs and construction costs.

Cash, and cash equivalents

Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments that have an original maturity of ninety days or less when purchased and are readily convertible into cash. Restricted cash consists of cash deposits with a bank that are restricted due to subdivision improvement agreements with a governmental authority. The Company did not have any restricted cash as of April 30, 2021 or April 30, 2020.

Real estate inventory

Real estate inventory includes land and improvements on land held for future development or sale. The Company accounts for its real estate inventory in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 360-10. The cost basis of the land and improvements includes all direct acquisition costs including development costs, certain amenities, capitalized interest, capitalized real estate taxes and other costs. Interest and real estate taxes are not capitalized unless active development is underway. Real estate inventory held for future development or sale is stated at accumulated cost and is evaluated and reviewed for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable.

Investment assets, net

Investment assets, net consist of (i) investment land, which represents vacant, undeveloped land not held for development or sale in the normal course of business, and (ii) real estate assets that are leased or intended to be leased to third parties. Investment assets are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value.

Depreciation of investment assets (other than land) is provided principally by the straight-line method at various rates calculated to amortize the book values of the respective assets over their estimated useful lives, which generally are 10 to 40 years for buildings and improvements. Land is not subject to depreciation.

Impairment of long-lived assets

Long-lived assets consist of real estate inventory and investment assets and are accounted for in accordance with ASC 360-10. Long-lived assets are evaluated and tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. Asset impairment tests are based upon the intended use of assets, expected future cash flows and estimates of fair value of assets. The evaluation of operating asset groups includes an estimate of future cash flows on an undiscounted basis using estimated revenue streams, operating margins and general and administrative expenses. The estimation process involved in determining if assets have been impaired and in the determination of estimated future cash flows is inherently uncertain because it requires estimates of future revenues and costs, as well as future events and conditions. If the excess of undiscounted cash flows over the carrying value of a project is small, there is a greater risk of future impairment and any resulting impairment charges could be material. Due to the subjective nature of the estimates and assumptions used in determining future cash flows, actual results could differ materially from current estimates and the Company may be required to recognize impairment charges in the future

Leases

Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recorded on the balance sheet for all leases with an initial term over one year. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the consolidated balance sheet. Right-of-use assets are classified within other assets and the corresponding lease liability is included in accounts payable and accrued expenses in the consolidated balance sheet.

Share-based compensation

The Company accounts for awards of restricted stock and deferred stock units in accordance with ASC 718‑10, which requires that compensation cost for all stock awards be calculated and amortized over the service period (generally equal to the vesting period). Compensation expense for awards of restricted stock and deferred stock units are based on the fair value of the awards at their grant dates.

Income taxes

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and are measured by using currently enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those differences are expected to reverse. The Company provides a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets unless, based upon the available evidence, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized.

Earnings (loss) per share

Basic earnings (loss) per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each year. Unvested restricted shares of common stock (see Note 11) are not included in the computation of basic earnings per share, as they are considered contingently returnable shares. Unvested restricted shares of common stock are included in diluted earnings per share if they are dilutive. Deferred stock units (see Note 11) are included in both basic and diluted earnings per share computations.

Pension plan

The Company recognizes the over-funded or under-funded status of its defined benefit pension plan as an asset or liability as of the date of the plan’s year-end statement of financial position and recognizes changes in that funded status in the year in which the changes occur through comprehensive income (loss).

Comprehensive income

Comprehensive income is defined as the change in equity during a period from transactions and other events from non-owner sources. Total comprehensive income is the total of net income or loss and other comprehensive income or loss that, for the Company, consists of the minimum pension liability net of the related deferred income tax effect.

Management’s estimates and assumptions

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates that affect the financial statements include, but are not limited to, (i) land sale cost of revenue calculations, which are based on land development budgets and estimates of costs to complete; (ii) cash flows, asset groupings and valuation assumptions in performing asset impairment tests of long-lived assets and assets held for sale; (iii) actuarially determined benefit obligations and other pension plan accounting and disclosures; (iv) risk assessment of uncertain tax positions; and (v) the determination of the recoverability of net deferred tax assets. The Company bases its significant estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Recent accounting pronouncements

In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes – Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which removes certain exceptions for companies related to tax allocations and simplifies when companies recognize deferred tax liabilities in an interim period. ASU 2019-12 will be effective for the Company’s fiscal year beginning May 1, 2021. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this ASU will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement: Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. ASU 2018-13 eliminates certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements for all entities, requires public entities to disclose certain new information and modifies some disclosure requirements to improve the effectiveness of disclosures in the notes to financial statements. ASU 2018-13 was effective for the Company’s fiscal year beginning May 1, 2020. The adoption of ASU 2018-13 by the Company did not have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans—General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans. ASU 2018-14 removes disclosures that no longer are considered cost beneficial, clarifies the specific requirements of disclosures and adds disclosure requirements identified as relevant for companies with defined benefit retirement plans. ASU 2018-14 was effective for the Company’s fiscal year beginning May 1, 2020. The adoption of ASU 2018-14 by the Company did not have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

There are no other new accounting standards or updates to be adopted that the Company currently believes might have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.