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Income Taxes
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Taxes [Line Items]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
The significant components of the income tax provision (benefit) were (in millions):
 Year Ended December 31,
 202320222021
Current income tax benefit:
State, local and foreign$— $(6)$— 
Deferred income tax provision (benefit):
Federal268 59 (508)
State and local31 6 (47)
Deferred income tax provision (benefit)299 65 (555)
Total income tax provision (benefit)$299 $59 $(555)
The income tax provision (benefit) differed from amounts computed at the statutory federal income tax rate as follows (in millions):
 Year Ended December 31,
 202320222021
Statutory income tax provision (benefit)$235 $39 $(535)
State, local and foreign income tax provision (benefit), net of federal tax effect22 — (37)
Book expenses not deductible for tax purposes38 22 23 
Change in valuation allowance3 — — 
Other, net1 (2)(6)
Income tax provision (benefit)$299 $59 $(555)
The components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities were (in millions):
 December 31,
 20232022
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss and other carryforwards$4,238 $4,679 
Loyalty program liability1,774 1,809 
Leases1,758 1,819 
Pension benefits434 474 
Postretirement benefits other than pension benefits274 179 
Rent expense84 130 
Other902 742 
Total deferred tax assets9,464 9,832 
Valuation allowance(22)(19)
Net deferred tax assets9,442 9,813 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Accelerated depreciation and amortization(4,503)(4,630)
Leases(1,798)(1,832)
Other(262)(262)
Total deferred tax liabilities(6,563)(6,724)
Net deferred tax asset$2,879 $3,089 
At December 31, 2023, we had approximately $13.7 billion of gross federal net operating losses (NOLs) and $4.7 billion of other carryforwards available to reduce future federal taxable income, of which $3.4 billion will expire beginning in 2029 if unused and $15.0 billion can be carried forward indefinitely. We also had approximately $5.5 billion of NOL carryforwards to reduce future state taxable income at December 31, 2023, which will expire in taxable years 2023 through 2043 if unused.
Our ability to use our NOLs and other carryforwards depends on the amount of taxable income generated in future periods. We provide a valuation allowance for our deferred tax assets, which include our NOLs, when it is more likely than not that some portion, or all of our deferred tax assets, will not be realized. We consider all available positive and negative evidence and make certain assumptions in evaluating the realizability of our deferred tax assets. Many factors are considered that impact our assessment of future profitability, including conditions which are beyond our control, such as the health of the economy, the availability and price volatility of aircraft fuel and travel demand. We have determined that positive factors outweigh negative factors in the determination of the realizability of our deferred tax assets. There can be no assurance that an additional valuation allowance on our net deferred tax assets will not be required. Such valuation allowance could be material.
Our ability to deduct our NOL carryforwards and to utilize certain other available tax attributes can be substantially constrained under the general annual limitation rules of Section 382 where an “ownership change” has occurred. Substantially all of our remaining federal NOL carryforwards attributable to US Airways Group are subject to limitation under Section 382; however, our ability to utilize such NOL carryforwards is not anticipated to be effectively constrained as a result of such limitation. Similar limitations may apply for state income tax purposes. Our ability to utilize any new NOL carryforwards arising after the ownership changes is not affected by the annual limitation rules imposed by Section 382 unless another ownership change occurs. Under the Section 382 limitation, cumulative stock ownership changes among material stockholders exceeding 50% during a rolling three-year period can potentially limit our future use of NOLs and tax credits.
In 2023, we recorded an income tax provision of $299 million, with an effective rate of approximately 27%, which was substantially non-cash. Substantially all of our income before income taxes is attributable to the United States.
We file our tax returns as prescribed by the tax laws of the jurisdictions in which we operate. Our 2020 through 2022 tax years are still subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service. Various state and foreign jurisdiction tax years remain open to examination, and we are under examination, in administrative appeals or engaged in tax litigation in certain jurisdictions. We believe that the effect of any assessments will not be material to our consolidated financial statements.
The amount of, and changes to, our uncertain tax positions were not material in any of the years presented. We accrue interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and operating expense, respectively.
American Airlines, Inc.  
Income Taxes [Line Items]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
The significant components of the income tax provision (benefit) were (in millions):
 Year Ended December 31,
 202320222021
Current income tax benefit:
State, local and foreign$— $(6)$— 
Deferred income tax provision (benefit):
Federal361 112 (453)
State and local33 10 (47)
Deferred income tax provision (benefit)394 122 (500)
Total income tax provision (benefit)$394 $116 $(500)
The income tax provision (benefit) differed from amounts computed at the statutory federal income tax rate as follows (in millions):
 Year Ended December 31,
 202320222021
Statutory income tax provision (benefit)$332 $95 $(478)
State, local and foreign income tax provision (benefit), net of federal tax effect25 3 (37)
Book expenses not deductible for tax purposes35 20 21 
Change in valuation allowance3 — — 
Other, net(1)(2)(6)
Income tax provision (benefit)$394 $116 $(500)
The components of American’s deferred tax assets and liabilities were (in millions):
 December 31,
 20232022
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss and other carryforwards$3,960 $4,492 
Loyalty program liability1,774 1,809 
Leases1,746 1,804 
Pension benefits428 467 
Postretirement benefits other than pension benefits273 179 
Rent expense84 130 
Other846 689 
Total deferred tax assets9,111 9,570 
Valuation allowance(12)(9)
Net deferred tax assets9,099 9,561 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Accelerated depreciation and amortization(4,479)(4,603)
Leases(1,786)(1,817)
Other(254)(256)
Total deferred tax liabilities(6,519)(6,676)
Net deferred tax asset$2,580 $2,885 
At December 31, 2023, American had approximately $13.7 billion of gross federal net operating losses (NOLs) and $3.6 billion of other carryforwards available to reduce future federal taxable income, of which $3.8 billion will expire beginning in 2033 if unused and $13.5 billion can be carried forward indefinitely. American is a member of AAG’s consolidated federal and certain state income tax returns. American also had approximately $5.3 billion of NOL carryforwards to reduce future state taxable income at December 31, 2023, which will expire in taxable years 2023 through 2043 if unused.
American’s ability to use its NOLs and other carryforwards depends on the amount of taxable income generated in future periods. American provides a valuation allowance for its deferred tax assets, which include the NOLs, when it is more likely than not that some portion, or all of its deferred tax assets, will not be realized. American considers all available positive and negative evidence and makes certain assumptions in evaluating the realizability of its deferred tax assets. Many factors are considered that impact American’s assessment of future profitability, including conditions which are beyond its control, such as the health of the economy, the availability and price volatility of aircraft fuel and travel demand. American has determined that positive factors outweigh negative factors in the determination of the realizability of its deferred tax assets. There can be no assurance that an additional valuation allowance on American’s net deferred tax assets will not be required. Such valuation allowance could be material.
American’s ability to deduct its NOL carryforwards and to utilize certain other available tax attributes can be substantially constrained under the general annual limitation rules of Section 382 where an “ownership change” has occurred. Substantially all of American’s remaining federal NOL carryforwards attributable to US Airways Group are subject to limitation under Section 382; however, American’s ability to utilize such NOL carryforwards is not anticipated to be effectively constrained as a result of such limitation. Similar limitations may apply for state income tax purposes. American’s ability to utilize any new NOL carryforwards arising after the ownership changes is not affected by the annual limitation rules imposed by Section 382 unless another ownership change occurs. Under the Section 382 limitation, cumulative stock ownership changes among material stockholders exceeding 50% during a rolling three-year period can potentially limit American’s future use of NOLs and tax credits.
In 2023, American recorded an income tax provision of $394 million, with an effective rate of approximately 25%, which was substantially non-cash. Substantially all of American’s income before income taxes is attributable to the United States.
American files its tax returns as prescribed by the tax laws of the jurisdictions in which it operates. American’s 2020 through 2022 tax years are still subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service. Various state and foreign jurisdiction tax years remain open to examination, and American is under examination, in administrative appeals or engaged in tax litigation in certain jurisdictions. American believes that the effect of any assessments will not be material to its consolidated financial statements.
The amount of, and changes to, American’s uncertain tax positions were not material in any of the years presented. American accrues interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and operating expense, respectively.