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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

9.  Income Taxes

For the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded income tax benefit of $1.2 million and expense of $2.3 million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded income tax expense of $2.7 million and $3.8 million, respectively. During the three months ended June 30, 2018, a discrete tax benefit of $4.8 million was recorded, with the primary driver being a closing of the statute of limitations for the U.S. Federal 2012 and 2013 tax years.    The decrease in the Company’s tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2018 relative to the prior year primarily relates to the discrete tax benefit recorded, offset by additional tax expense in foreign jurisdictions. In addition to the above, the Company’s effective tax rate varies from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% due to results of foreign operations that are subject to income taxes at different statutory rates.

The Company continues to evaluate the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act") enacted in December 2017. The Act reduced the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent, required companies to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred and added other provisions including creating new taxes on certain foreign sourced earnings. The Company continues to evaluate the impact of these new provisions under The Act including Transition Tax, Global Intangible Low Taxed Income (GILTI), Foreign Derived Intangible Income (FDII), Base Erosion and Anti-Abuse Tax (BEAT), and Internal Revenue Code Section 163(j) interest limitation (Interest Limitation) which are complex and subject to continuing regulatory interpretation by the Internal Revenue Service. The Company was able to make a reasonable estimate of the applicable provisions of the Tax Act; however, because the Company remains in a domestic net operating loss carryforward position and has a valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets, the Company does not expect an impact to the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. As of June 30, 2018, the Company has not changed the provisional estimates recognized in 2017. Adjustments related to the amount of these provisions recorded in its consolidated financial statements may be required based on the outcome of these elections and further interpretation by the Internal Revenue Service.

The Company will also continue to evaluate its valuation allowance requirements on an ongoing basis in light of changing facts and circumstances and may adjust its deferred tax asset valuation allowances accordingly, and it is a reasonable possibility that the Company will either add to or reverse a portion of its existing deferred tax asset valuation allowances in the future. Such changes in the deferred tax asset valuation allowances will be reflected in the current operations through the Company’s income tax provision and could have a material effect on operating results.

The Company’s unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, were $15.8 million as of June 30, 2018 and $19.5 million as of December 31, 2017. 

The Company regularly assesses the likelihood of an adverse outcome resulting from examinations to determine the adequacy of its tax reserves. As of June 30, 2018, the Company believes that it is more likely than not that the tax positions it has taken will be sustained upon the resolution of its audits, resulting in no material impact on its consolidated financial position and the results of operations and cash flows. However, the final determination with respect to any tax audits and any related litigation could be materially different from the Company’s estimates and/or from its historical income tax provisions and accruals and could have a material effect on operating results and/or cash flows in the periods for which that determination is made. In addition, future period earnings may be adversely impacted by litigation costs, settlements, penalties and/or interest assessments.