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Corporate Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2012
Corporate Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Corporate Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(1) Corporate Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
Lufkin Industries, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company") manufacture and sell oilfield pumping units and power transmission products throughout the world. The impact of subsequent events on these financial statements has been evaluated through the date of issuance.

Basis of presentation: Certain amounts in the Balance Sheet and the Property, Plant and Equipment footnote for the prior period have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. All pension and property classifications for the prior period have been reclassified to reflect these changes.

Principles of consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Lufkin Industries, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries after elimination of all inter-company accounts and transactions.

Use of estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Foreign currencies: Assets and liabilities of foreign operations where the applicable foreign currency is the functional currency are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate in effect at the end of each accounting period, with any resulting translation adjustment reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within shareholders' equity section. Income statement accounts are translated at the average exchange rates prevailing during the period. Gains and losses resulting from balance sheet remeasurement of foreign operations where the U.S. dollar is the functional currency are included in the consolidated statement of earnings as incurred.

Any gains or losses on transactions denominated in a foreign currency are included in the consolidated statements of earnings as incurred.

Cash equivalents: The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.

Revenue recognition: Revenue is not recognized until it is realized or realizable and earned. The criteria to meet this guideline are: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the price to the buyer is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. The Company will process a bill-and-hold invoice and recognize revenue at the time of the storage request if all of the following criteria are met:

 
the customer has accepted title and risk of loss;
 
the customer has provided a written purchase order for the product;
 
the customer, not the Company, requested the product to be stored and to be invoiced under a bill-and-hold arrangement.
 
the customer provides the business purpose for the storage request;
 
the customer must provide a storage period and future shipping date;
 
the Company must not have retained any future performance obligations on the product;
 
the Company must segregate the stored product and not make it available to use on other orders; and
 
the product must be completed and ready for shipment.

The Company had 1.73%, 3.23%, and 3.14% of revenues in bill-and-hold transactions outstanding as of December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively.

Amounts billed for shipping are classified as sales and costs incurred for shipping are classified as cost of sales in the consolidated statements of earnings.
 
Accounts and Notes Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: Accounts and notes receivable are stated at cost net of write-offs and allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based on historical experience and any specific customer issues that the Company has identified. Uncollected receivables are generally reserved before being past due over one year or when the Company has determined that the balance will not be collected.

Inventories: The Company reports its inventories by using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) and the first-in, first-out (FIFO) methods less reserves necessary to report inventories at the lower of cost or estimated market. Inventory costs include material, labor and factory overhead. On a routine basis, the Company uses estimates in determining the level of reserves required to state inventory at the lower of cost or market. Management's estimates are primarily influenced by market activity levels, production requirements, the physical condition of products and technological innovation. Changes in any of these factors may result in adjustments to the carrying value of inventory.

Property, plant and equipment (P. P. & E.): The Company records investments in these assets at cost. Improvements are capitalized, while repair and maintenance costs are charged to operations as incurred. Gains or losses realized on the sale or retirement of these assets are reflected in income. The Company reviews its P. P. & E. for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstance might indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of a long-lived asset is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. The carrying amount of a long-lived asset is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. Depreciation for financial reporting purposes is provided on a straight-line method based upon the estimated useful lives of the assets. The following is a summary of the Company's P. P. & E. useful lives:
 
 
Useful Life
 
(in years)
       
Land
 
-
 
Land improvements
10.0
-
25.0
Buildings
12.5
-
40.0
Machinery and equipment
3.0
-
15.0
Furniture and fixtures
5.0
-
12.5
Computer equipment and software
3.0
-
7.0

Goodwill and other intangible assets: Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized and are tested for impairment at least annually. During the fourth quarter of 2012, the Company completed its annual impairment evaluation by comparing the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying amount. No impairment was necessary.

The Company amortizes intangible assets with finite lives over the years expected to be benefited.

Income taxes: The Company computes taxes on income in accordance with the tax rules and regulations of the many taxing jurisdictions where the income is earned. The income tax rates imposed by these taxing authorities vary substantially. Taxable income may differ from pretax income for financial accounting purposes. To the extent that differences are due to revenue or expense items reported in one period for tax purposes and in another period for financial accounting purposes, an appropriate provision for deferred income taxes is made. Any effect of changes in income tax rates or tax laws is included in the provision for income taxes in the period of enactment. When it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized in the future, the Company provides a corresponding valuation allowance against deferred tax assets.
 
Appropriate U.S. and foreign income taxes have been provided for earnings of foreign subsidiary companies that are expected to be remitted in the near future. The cumulative amount of undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries that the Company intends to permanently reinvest and upon which no deferred U.S. income taxes have been provided is $115.5 million at December 31, 2012, the majority of which has been generated in Argentina, Canada and France. Upon distribution of these earnings in the form of dividends or otherwise, the Company may be subject to U.S. income taxes (subject to adjustment for foreign tax credits) and foreign withholding taxes, which amounts could be significant. It is not practical, however, to estimate the amount of taxes that may be payable on the eventual remittance of these earnings after consideration of available foreign tax credits.
 
The Company is required to determine if an income tax position meets the criteria of more-likely-than-not to be realized based on the merits of the position under tax laws, in order to recognize an income tax benefit. This requires the Company to make many assumptions and judgments regarding merits of income tax positions and the application of income tax law. Additionally, if a tax position meets the recognition criteria of more-likely-than-not the Company is required to make judgments and assumptions to measure the amount of the tax benefits to recognize based on the probability of the amount of tax benefits that would be realized if the tax position was challenged by the taxing authorities. Interpretations and guidance surrounding income tax laws and regulations change over time. As a consequence, changes in assumptions and judgments can materially affect amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements.

Financial instruments: The Company's financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, debt obligations, and accounts payable. The book value of accounts receivable, short-term debt and accounts payable are considered to be representative of their fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company had no derivative financial instruments.

Stock-based compensation: Employee services received in exchange for stock are expensed. The fair value of the employee services received in exchange for stock-based awards is measured based on the grant-date fair value. The fair value is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Awards granted are expensed pro-ratably over the service period of the award. As stock based compensation expense is recognized based on awards ultimately expected to vest, compensation expense is reduced for estimated forfeitures based on historical forfeiture rates. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods to reflect actual forfeitures.

The Company has also granted performance shares to members of senior management, at no cost to the recipient. Performance is based on shareholder return relative to a specific group of companies over a three-year performance cycle. Compensation expense is based on the fair value at grant date and the anticipated number of shares of the Company's common stock, which is determined on a Monte Carlo probability model.

In addition to stock options and performance shares, officers, directors and key employees may be granted restricted stock awards ("RSA"), which is an award of common stock with no exercise price, or restricted stock units ("RSU"), where each unit represents the right to receive, at the end of a stipulated period, one unrestricted share of stock with no exercise price. RSAs and RSUs vest over a three year period and the fair value is based on the market price on the date of issuance.

Product warranties: The Company sells certain of its products to customers with a product warranty that provides repairs at no cost to the customer or the issuance of credit to the customer. The length of the warranty term depends on the product being sold, but ranges from one year to five years. The Company accrues its estimated liability for warranty claims based upon historical warranty claim costs as a percentage of sales multiplied by prior sales still under warranty at the end of any period. Management reviews these estimates on a regular basis and adjusts the warranty provisions as actual experience differs from historical estimates or other information becomes available.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements:

In June 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2011-05, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Presentation of Comprehensive Income – ("ASU 2011-05"), which changes the presentation of comprehensive income. The topic requires the Company to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. The Company adopted ASU 2011-05 on January 1, 2012 and has presented consolidated net earnings and consolidated comprehensive income in two separate, but consecutive, statements.

In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-12, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Deferral of the Effective Date for Amendments to the Presentation of Reclassifications of Items Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-05 – ("ASU 2011-12"), which defers only those changes in ASU 2011-05 that relate to the presentation of reclassification adjustments. The Company adopted ASU 2011-12 on January 1, 2012. The adoption of ASU 2011-12 did not have a material impact on the statement of other comprehensive income.
 
In September 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-08, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Goodwill for Impairment – ("ASU 2011-08"), which simplifies how entities test for goodwill impairment. The topic allows an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. Under ASU 2011-08, an entity would not be required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit unless the entity determines, based on a qualitative assessment, that it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than its carrying amount. ASU 2011-08 includes a number of events and circumstances for an entity to consider in conducting the qualitative assessment. The Company adopted this ASU for the 2012 goodwill impairment testing. The Company elected to continue to calculate the value of each reporting unit within its annual goodwill impairment testing. Therefore, the adoption of ASU 2011-08 did not have any impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Management believes the impact of other recently issued standards, which are not yet effective, will not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements upon adoption.