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Corporate Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Corporate Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Corporate Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(1) Corporate Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Lufkin Industries, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company") manufacture and sell oilfield pumping units and power transmission products throughout the world.  The impact of subsequent events on these financial statements has been evaluated through the date of issuance.

Principles of consolidation:  The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Lufkin Industries, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries after elimination of all inter-company accounts and transactions.
 
Use of estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Foreign currencies:  Assets and liabilities of foreign operations where the applicable foreign currency is the functional currency are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate in effect at the end of each accounting period, with any resulting translation adjustment reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within shareholders' equity section.  Income statement accounts are translated at the average exchange rates prevailing during the period.  Gains and losses resulting from balance sheet remeasurement of foreign operations where the U.S. dollar is the functional currency are included in the consolidated statement of earnings as incurred.

Any gains or losses on transactions denominated in a foreign currency are included in the consolidated statements of earnings as incurred.

Cash equivalents: The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.

Revenue recognition: Revenue is not recognized until it is realized or realizable and earned.  The criteria to meet this guideline are: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the price to the buyer is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured.  The Company will process a Bill-and-Hold invoice and recognize revenue at the time of the storage request if all of the following criteria are met:
  • The customer has accepted title and risk of loss;
  • The customer has provided a written purchase order for the product;
  • The customer, not the Company, requested the product to be stored and to be invoiced under a Bill-and-Hold arrangement. The customer must also provide the business purpose for the storage request;
  • The customer must provide a storage period and future shipping date;
  • The Company must not have retained any future performance obligations on the product;
  • The Company must segregate the stored product and not make it available to use on other orders; and
  • The product must be completed and ready for shipment.
The Company had 3.23%, 3.14%, and 4.35% of revenues in Bill-and-Hold transaction outstanding as of December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively.

Amounts billed for shipping are classified as sales and costs incurred for shipping are classified as cost of sales in the consolidated statements of earnings.  
 
Accounts & Notes Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: Accounts and notes receivable are stated at cost net of write-offs and allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based on historical experience and any specific customer issues that the Company has identified. Uncollected receivables are generally reserved before being past due over one year or when the Company has determined that the balance will not be collected.

Inventories:  The Company reports its inventories by using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) and the first-in, first-out (FIFO) methods less reserves necessary to report inventories at the lower of cost or estimated market.  Inventory costs include material, labor and factory overhead. On a routine basis, the Company uses estimates in determining the level of reserves required to state inventory at the lower of cost or market. Management's estimates are primarily influenced by market activity levels, production requirements, the physical condition of products and technological innovation. Changes in any of these factors may result in adjustments to the carrying value of inventory.

Property, plant and equipment (P. P. & E.):  The Company records investments in these assets at cost.  Improvements are capitalized, while repair and maintenance costs are charged to operations as incurred.  Gains or losses realized on the sale or retirement of these assets are reflected in income.  The Company periodically reviews its P. P. & E. for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstance might indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of a long-lived asset is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. The carrying amount of a long-lived asset is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. Depreciation for financial reporting purposes is provided on a straight-line method based upon the estimated useful lives of the assets.  Accelerated depreciation methods are used for tax purposes.  The following is a summary of the Company's P. P. & E. useful lives: 
   
 
Useful Life
(in years)
       
Land
 
-
 
Land improvements
10.0
-
25.0
Buildings
12.5
-
40.0
Machinery and equipment
3.0
-
15.0
Furniture and fixtures
5.0
-
12.5
Computer equipment and software
3.0
-
7.0

Goodwill and other intangible assets: Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized and are tested for impairment at least annually. During the fourth quarter of 2011, the Company completed its annual impairment evaluation by comparing the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying amount. No impairment was necessary.

The Company amortizes intangible assets with finite lives over the years expected to be benefited.

Income taxes: The Company computes taxes on income in accordance with the tax rules and regulations of the many taxing jurisdictions where the income is earned. The income tax rates imposed by these taxing authorities vary substantially. Taxable income may differ from pretax income for financial accounting purposes. To the extent that differences are due to revenue or expense items reported in one period for tax purposes and in another period for financial accounting purposes, an appropriate provision for deferred income taxes is made. Any effect of changes in income tax rates or tax laws is included in the provision for income taxes in the period of enactment. When it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized in the future, the Company provides a corresponding valuation allowance against deferred tax assets.
 
Appropriate U.S. and foreign income taxes have been provided for earnings of foreign subsidiary companies that are expected to be remitted in the near future. The cumulative amount of undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries that the Company intends to permanently reinvest and upon which no deferred U.S. income taxes have been provided is $88.5 million at December 31, 2011, the majority of which has been generated in Argentina, Canada and France. Upon distribution of these earnings in the form of dividends or otherwise, the Company may be subject to U.S. income taxes (subject to adjustment for foreign tax credits) and foreign withholding taxes, which amounts could be significant. It is not practical, however, to estimate the amount of taxes that may be payable on the eventual remittance of these earnings after consideration of available foreign tax credits.
 
The Company is required to determine if an income tax position meets the criteria of more-likely-than-not to be realized based on the merits of the position under tax laws, in order to recognize an income tax benefit. This requires the Company to make many assumptions and judgments regarding merits of income tax positions and the application of income tax law. Additionally, if a tax position meets the recognition criteria of more-likely-than-not the Company is required to make judgments and assumptions to measure the amount of the tax benefits to recognize based on the probability of the amount of tax benefits that would be realized if the tax position was challenged by the taxing authorities. Interpretations and guidance surrounding income tax laws and regulations change over time. As a consequence, changes in assumptions and judgments can materially affect amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements.

Financial instruments:  The Company's financial instruments include cash, accounts receivable, debt obligations, and accounts payable.  The book value of accounts receivable, short-term debt and accounts payable are considered to be representative of their fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.  As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company had no derivative financial instruments.  

Stock-based compensation: Employee services received in exchange for stock are expensed. The fair value of the employee services received in exchange for stock is measured based on the grant-date fair value. The fair value is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model for the stock option. Awards granted are expensed pro-ratably over the service period of the award. As stock based compensation expense is recognized based on awards ultimately expected to vest, compensation expense is reduced for estimated forfeitures based on historical forfeiture rates. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods to reflect actual forfeitures.

Product warranties:  The Company sells certain of its products to customers with a product warranty that provides repairs at no cost to the customer or the issuance of credit to the customer. The length of the warranty term depends on the product being sold, but ranges from one year to five years. The Company accrues its estimated liability for warranty claims based upon historical warranty claim costs as a percentage of sales multiplied by prior sales still under warranty at the end of any period. Management reviews these estimates on a regular basis and adjusts the warranty provisions as actual experience differs from historical estimates or other information becomes available.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements:

In September 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2009-13, Revenue Recognition (Topic 605):  Multiple - Deliverable Revenue Arrangements - a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force ("ASU 2009-13"), which changes the accounting for certain revenue arrangements. The new requirements change the allocation methods used in determining how to account for multiple payment streams and will result in the ability to separately account for more deliverables, and potentially less revenue deferrals. Additionally, ASU 2009-13 requires enhanced disclosures in financial statements. ASU 2009-13 is effective for revenue arrangements entered into or materially modified in fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2010 on a prospective basis, with early application permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2009-13 on January 1, 2011.  The adoption of ASU 2009-13 did not have a material impact on the balance sheet, statement of earnings, or statement of cash flow.

In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-05, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220):  Presentation of Comprehensive Income - ("ASU 2011-05"), which changes the presentation of comprehensive income. The topic requires the Company to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements, which differs from its presentation within the statement of stockholders' equity.  ASU 2011-05 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011, with early application permitted.  Upon adoption, the requirements under ASU 2011-05 will be retrospectively applied.

In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-12, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220):  Deferral of the Effective Date for Amendments to the Presentation of Reclassifications of Items Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-05 - which defers only those changes in ASU 2011-05 that relate to the presentation of reclassification adjustments.  
In September 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-08, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350):  Testing Goodwill for Impairment - ("ASU 2011-08"), which simplifies how entities test for goodwill impairment. The topic allows an entity to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test.  Under ASU 2011-08, an entity would not be required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit unless the entity determines, based on a qualitative assessment, that it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than its carrying amount.  ASU 2011-08 includes a number of events and circumstances for an entity to consider in conducting the qualitative assessment.  ASU 2011-08 is effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011, with early application permitted.  The requirements under ASU 2011-08, once adopted, will be applied prospectively.   
 
Management believes the impact of other recently issued standards, which are not yet effective, will not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements upon adoption.