Income Taxes

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2025

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

7. Income Taxes

Provision for income taxes is as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
	2025		2024			2025			2024
	(In Thousands)
Current:
Federal	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—
State		37		(250	)		90			(468	)
Total Current	$	37	$	(250	)	$	90		$	(468	)
Deferred:
Federal	$	983	$	1,928		$	775		$	2,914
State		64		(428	)		(64	)		(593	)
Total Deferred	$	1,047	$	1,500		$	711		$	2,321
Provision for income taxes	$	1,084	$	1,250		$	801		$	1,853

The tax provision for the six months ended June 30, 2025, was $0.8 million (37.0% provision on pre-tax income). The tax provision for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $1.9 million (10.9% provision on pre-tax income). For 2025, the effective tax rate was higher than the statutory tax rate primarily due to nondeductible compensation expense and state taxes. For 2024, the effective tax rate was lower than the statutory tax rate primarily due to nondeductible compensation expense and state taxes including deferred benefits from state law changes.

We considered both positive and negative evidence in our determination of the need for valuation allowances for deferred tax assets. Information evaluated includes our financial position and results of operations for the current and preceding years, the availability of deferred tax liabilities and tax carrybacks, as well as an evaluation of currently available information about future years. Valuation allowances are reflective of our quarterly analysis of the four sources of taxable income, including the calculation of the reversal of existing tax assets and liabilities, the impact of financing activities and our quarterly results. Based on our analysis, we have determined that it is more-likely-than-not that all of our federal deferred tax assets and a portion of our state deferred tax assets will be utilized. We estimate an approximately $0.7 million increase in the related valuation allowance associated with these state deferred tax assets will be recorded during the year as part of the estimated annual effective tax rate applied to ordinary income.

We will continue to evaluate both the positive and negative evidence on a quarterly basis in determining the need for a valuation allowance with respect to our deferred tax assets. Changes in positive and negative evidence, including differences between estimated

and actual results, could result in changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets that could have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Changes in existing tax laws could also affect actual tax results and the realization of deferred tax assets over time.

LSB Industries, Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the 2021-2024 years remain open for all purposes of examination by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and other major tax jurisdictions. Additionally, the 2013-2020 years remain subject to examination for determining the amount of net operating loss and other carryforwards.

On July 4, 2025, “An Act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of H. Con. Res. 14” and commonly referred to as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was enacted into law in the United States. The OBBBA includes significant provisions, such as the permanent extension of certain expiring provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, modifications to the international tax framework and favorable changes to bonus depreciation, domestic research cost expensing, and the business interest limitation. The legislation has multiple effective dates, with certain provisions effective in 2025 and others implemented through 2027. We are still evaluating its impact on our financial statements.