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Investments (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Summary of Net Investment Income
Net investment income is as follows:
Year Ended December 31
 
2019
 
 
2018
   
2017
 
(In millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturity securities
 
$
     
1,817
 
  $
     
1,795
    $
     
1,812
 
Limited partnership investments
 
 
204
 
   
22
     
277
 
Short term investments
 
 
52
 
   
43
     
18
 
Equity securities
 
 
85
 
   
18
     
12
 
Income (loss) from trading portfolio (a)
 
 
216
 
   
(54
)    
87
 
Other
 
 
56
 
   
54
     
35
 
                         
Total investment income
 
 
2,430
 
   
1,878
     
2,241
 
Investment expenses
 
 
(75
)    
(61
)    
(59
)
                         
Net investment income
 
$
2,355
 
  $
1,817
    $
2,182
 
                         
(a)
 
Net unrealized gains (losses) related to changes in fair value on securities still held were $41, $(121) and $39 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.
Summary of Investment Gains (Losses)
Investment gains (losses) are as follows:
Year Ended December 31
 
2019
 
 
2018
   
2017
 
(In millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturity securities
 
$
 (6
)
 
$
 4
 
 
$
 
        122
 
Equity securities
 
 
         
66
 
   
(74
)    
 
Derivative instruments
 
 
(11
)
   
9
     
(4
)
Short term investments and other
 
 
 
 
   
           
4
     
4
 
                         
Investment gains (losses) (a)
 
$
49
 
  $
(57
)   $
122
 
                         
 
(a) Gross
investment
gains on
available-for-sale
securities were $125, $168 and $187 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. Gross
investment
losses on
available-for-sale
securities were
$
131, $164 and $65 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. Net
investment g
ains
 of $66 were recognized due to the change in fair value of non-redeemable preferred stock still held for the year ended December 31, 2019.
 Net investment losses 
of $73 
were recognized due to the change in fair value of non-redeemable preferred stock still held for the year ended December 31, 2018.
 
Schedule of Net Change in Unrealized Gains (Losses) Investments
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on investments is as follows:
Year Ended December 31
 
2019
 
 
2018
   
2017
 
(In millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturity securities
 
$
     
2,620
 
  $
     (1,811
)   $
     
728
 
Equity securities (a)
 
 
 
 
   
     
32
 
Other
 
 
 
 
   
     
(2
)
                         
Total net change in unrealized gains (losses) on investments
 
$
2,620
 
  $
(1,811
)   $
758
 
                         
Components of OTTI Losses Recognized in Earnings by Asset Type
(a)
Due to the adoption of ASU
2016-01
on January 1, 2018, the change in fair value of equity securities is now recognized through the income statement. See Note 1 for further discussion on the standard.
The components of OTTI losses recognized in earnings by asset type are as follows:
Year Ended December 31
 
2019
 
 
2018
   
2017
 
(In millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturity securities
available-for-sale:
   
     
     
 
Corporate and other bonds
 
$
          
33
 
  $
          
12
    $
          
12
 
Asset-backed
 
 
11
 
   
9
     
1
 
                         
Total fixed maturity securities
available-for-sale
 
 
44
 
   
21
     
13
 
Equity securities
available-for-sale
 
 
 
 
   
     
1
 
                         
Net OTTI losses recognized in earnings
 
$
44
 
  $
21
    $
14
 
                         
Amortized Cost and Fair Values of Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities
The amortized cost and fair values of fixed maturity and equity securities are as follows:
December 31, 2019
 
Cost
 
or
Amortized
Cost
 
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
 
Gross
Unrealized
Loss
es
 
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
 
Unrealized
OTTI
 
Losses
(Gains)
 
(In millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
Fixed maturity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
Corporate and other bonds
 
$
19,789
 
 
$
2,292
 
 
$
32
 
 
$
22,049
 
   
 
 
States, municipalities and political subdivisions
   
9,093
 
   
1,559
 
   
 
 
 
 
10,652
 
   
 
 
Asset-backed:
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
Residential mortgage-backed
   
4,387
 
   
133
 
   
1
 
 
 
4,519
 
   
$
 
 
 
(17
)
 
Commercial mortgage-backed
   
2,265
 
   
86
 
   
5
 
 
 
2,346
 
   
1
 
Other asset-backed
   
1,925
 
   
41
 
   
4
 
 
 
1,962
 
   
(3
)
 
                                         
Total asset-backed
   
8,577
 
   
260
 
   
10
 
 
 
8,827
 
   
(19)
 
U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-
 
sponsored enterprises
   
146
 
   
1
 
   
2
 
 
 
145
 
   
 
 
Foreign government
   
491
 
   
14
 
   
1
 
 
 
504
 
   
 
 
Redeemable preferred stock
   
10
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
10
 
   
 
 
                                         
Fixed maturities
available-for-sale
   
38,106
 
   
4,126
 
   
45
 
 
 
42,187
 
   
(19)
 
Fixed maturities trading
   
51
 
   
2
 
   
 
 
 
 
53
 
   
 
 
                                         
Total fixed maturities
 
$
 
38,157
 
 
$
4,128
 
 
$
 
45
 
 
$
42,240
 
   
$
    (19
)
 
                                         
December 31, 2018
 
Cost or
Amortized
Cost
 
 
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
 
 
Gross
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
 
Unrealized
OTTI Losses
(Gains)
 
(In millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturity securities:
   
     
     
     
     
 
Corporate and other bonds
 
$
 18,764    
$
791    
$
395    
$
19,160      
 
States, municipalities and political subdivisions
   
9,681
     
1,076
     
9
     
10,748
     
 
Asset-backed:
   
     
     
     
     
 
Residential mortgage-backed
   
4,815
     
68
     
57
     
4,826
     
$ (20
)
Commercial mortgage-backed
   
2,200
     
28
     
32
     
2,196
     
 
Other asset-backed
   
1,975
     
11
     
24
     
1,962
     
 
                                         
Total asset-backed
   
8,990
     
107
     
113
     
8,984
     
(20
)
U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises
   
156
     
3
     
     
159
     
 
Foreign government
   
480
     
5
     
4
     
481
     
 
Redeemable preferred stock
   
10
     
     
     
10
     
 
                                         
Fixed maturities
available-for-sale
   
38,081
     
1,982
     
521
     
39,542
     
(20
)
Fixed maturities trading
   
153
     
4
     
     
157
     
 
                                         
Total fixed maturities
 
$
 38,234    
$
1,986    
$
521    
$
39,699    
$
 
(20
)
                                         
Securities Available-for-Sale in Gross Unrealized Loss Position
The
available-for-sale
securities in a gross unrealized loss position are as follows:
 
                                                 
 
Less than

12 Months
 
12 Months

or Longer
 
Total
December 31, 2019
 
 
Estimated

Fair
V
alue
 
 
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
 
 
Estimated Fair Value
 
 
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
 
 
Estimated Fair Value
 
 
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
(In millions
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate and other bonds
 
$
914
 
 
$
21
 
 
$
186
 
 
$
11
 
 
$
1,100
 
 
$
32
 
States, municipalities and political subdivisions
 
 
34
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
34
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-backed:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage-backed
 
 
249
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
30
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
279
 
 
 
1
 
Commercial mortgage-backed
 
 
381
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
20
 
 
 
2
 
 
 
401
 
 
 
5
 
Other asset-backed
 
 
449
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
33
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
482
 
 
 
4
 
                                                 
Total asset-backed
 
 
1,079
 
 
 
7
 
 
 
83
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
1,162
 
 
 
10
 
U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises
 
 
62
 
 
 
2
 
 
 
2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
64
 
 
 
2
 
Foreign government
 
 
59
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
60
 
 
 
1
 
                                                 
Total fixed maturity securities
 
$
2,148
 
 
$
31
 
 
$
272
 
 
$
14
 
 
$
2,420
 
 
$
45
 
                                                 
                                     
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed maturity securities:
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Corporate and other bonds
 
$
8,543    
$
340    
$
825    
$
55    
$
9,368    
$
395  
States, municipalities and political subdivisions
   
517
     
8
     
5
     
1
     
522
     
9
 
Asset-backed:
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Residential mortgage-backed
   
1,932
     
23
     
1,119
     
34
     
3,051
     
57
 
Commercial mortgage-backed
   
728
     
10
     
397
     
22
     
1,125
     
32
 
Other asset-backed
   
834
     
21
     
125
     
3
     
959
     
24
 
                                                 
Total asset-backed
   
3,494
     
54
     
1,641
     
59
     
5,135
     
113
 
U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises
   
21
     
     
19
     
     
40
     
 
Foreign government
   
114
     
2
     
124
     
2
     
238
     
4
 
                                                 
Total fixed maturity securities
 
$
 
12,689    
$
 
404    
$
2,614    
$
117    
$
15,303    
$
521  
                                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pretax Credit Loss Component Reflected in Retained Earnings on Fixed Maturity Securities
The following table presents the activity related to the pretax credit loss component reflected in Retained earnings on fixed maturity securities still held at December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 for which a portion of an OTTI loss was recognized in Other comprehensive income.
                         
Year Ended December 31
 
2019
   
2018
   
2017
 
(In millions)
 
   
 
 
 
Beginning balance of credit losses on fixed maturity securities
 
$
18
    $
27
    $
36
 
Reductions for securities sold during the period
 
 
(8
)    
(9
)    
(9
)
                         
Ending balance of credit losses on fixed maturity securities
 
$
         
10
    $
         
18
    $
         
27
 
                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-Sale Fixed Maturity Securities by Contractual Maturity
The following table presents
available-for-sale
fixed maturity securities by contractual maturity.
                                 
December 31
 
2019
   
2018
 
   
Cost
 
or
 
Amortized
 
Cost
 
 
Estimated
 
Fair Value
 
 
Cost
 
or
 
Amortized
 
Cost
   
Estimated
 
Fair Value
 
(In millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
Due in one year or less
 
$
1,334
 
 
$
1,356
 
 
$
1,350    
$
1,359
    
Due after one year through five years
 
 
9,746
 
 
 
10,186
 
   
7,979
     
8,139
 
Due after five years through ten years
 
 
14,892
 
 
 
15,931
 
   
16,859
     
16,870
 
Due after ten years
 
 
12,134
 
 
 
14,714
 
   
11,893
     
13,174
 
                                 
Total
 
$
 38,106
 
 
$
42,187
 
 
$
38,081    
$
39,542  
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Summary of Aggregate Contractual or Notional Amount and Estimated Fair Value Related to Derivative Financial Instruments
The following tables present the aggregate contractual or notional amount and estimated fair value related to derivative financial instruments.
December 31
 
2019
   
2018
 
 
 
Contractual/
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contractual/
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
Notional
 
 
Estimated Fair Value
   
Notional
   
Estimated Fair Value
 
   
Amount
 
 
Asset
 
 
(Liability)
 
 
Amount
   
Asset
   
(Liability)
 
(In millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With hedge designation:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
 
$
715
 
 
   
 
 
 
$
(8
)
 
 
$
500    
$
11      
 
Without hedge designation:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity markets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
     
     
 
Options – purchased
 
 
57
 
 
$
 
 
 
 
 
   
213
     
18
     
 
 – written
 
 
100
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
          
(1)
 
   
239
     
   
$
(17
)
 
Commodity futures – long
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
32
     
     
 
Embedded derivative on funds withheld liability
 
 
182
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
          
(7)
     
172
     
4