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Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Insurance [Abstract]  
Schedule of Net Liability for Unpaid Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses
The table below reconciles the net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses to the amount presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

December 312024
(In millions) 
  
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses: 
Property & Casualty Operations$18,334 
Other Insurance Operations (a)
929 
Total net claim and claim adjustment expenses19,263 
 
Reinsurance receivables: (b)
Property & Casualty Operations3,348 
Other Insurance Operations (c)
2,365 
Total reinsurance receivables5,713 
Total gross liability for unpaid claims and claims adjustment expenses$24,976 

(a)Other Insurance Operations amounts are related to unfunded structured settlements arising from short duration contracts.
(b)Reinsurance receivables presented are gross of the allowance for uncollectible reinsurance and do not include reinsurance receivables related to paid losses.
(c)The Other Insurance Operations reinsurance receivables are primarily related to A&EP claims covered under the A&EP loss portfolio transfer (“LPT”).
Schedule of Reconciliation of Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves
The following table presents a reconciliation between beginning and ending claim and claim adjustment expense reserves.

Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(In millions)   
    
Reserves, beginning of year:   
Gross$23,304 $22,120 $21,269 
Ceded5,141 5,191 4,969 
Net reserves, beginning of year18,163 16,929 16,300 
 
Net incurred claim and claim adjustment expenses:
Provision for insured events of current year6,330 5,667 5,181 
Increase (decrease) in provision for insured events of prior years42 48 (32)
Amortization of discount39 44 44 
Total net incurred (a)
6,411 5,759 5,193 
 
Net payments attributable to:
Current year events(1,093)(922)(821)
Prior year events(4,096)(3,679)(3,481)
Total net payments(5,189)(4,601)(4,302)
 
Foreign currency translation adjustment and other(122)76 (262)
 
Net reserves, end of year19,263 18,163 16,929 
Ceded reserves, end of year5,713 5,141 5,191 
Gross reserves, end of year$24,976 $23,304 $22,120 

(a)Total net incurred does not agree to Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits as reflected on the Consolidated Statements of Operations due to amounts related to retroactive reinsurance deferred gain accounting and uncollectible reinsurance, which are not reflected in the table above.
Schedule of Gross and Net Carried Reserves
The following tables present the gross and net carried reserves:

December 31, 2024Property and Casualty OperationsOther Insurance OperationsTotal
(In millions)   
    
Gross Case Reserves$6,589 $1,813 $8,402 
Gross IBNR Reserves15,093 1,481 16,574 
 
Total Gross Carried Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves$21,682 $3,294 $24,976 
 
Net Case Reserves$5,573 $634 $6,207 
Net IBNR Reserves12,761 295 13,056 
 
Total Net Carried Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves$18,334 $929 $19,263 
December 31, 2023
Gross Case Reserves$5,759 $1,979 $7,738 
Gross IBNR Reserves14,184 1,382 15,566 
Total Gross Carried Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves$19,943 $3,361 $23,304 
Net Case Reserves$4,978 $685 $5,663 
Net IBNR Reserves12,235 265 12,500 
Total Net Carried Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves$17,213 $950 $18,163 
Schedule of Net Prior Year Loss Reserve Development in Property and Casualty Operations
The following table and discussion present details of the net prior year loss reserve development in Property & Casualty Operations and Other Insurance Operations:

Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(In millions)   
    
Medical professional liability$(8)$5 $18 
Other professional liability and management liability49 37 50 
Surety(68)(43)(83)
Warranty20 (11)(21)
Commercial auto107 33 49 
General liability75 149 67 
Workers’ compensation(202)(203)(152)
Other property and casualty operations(4)10 (24)
Other insurance operations79 71 64 
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development$48 $48 $(32)
Schedule of Net Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expenses by Line of Business
The table below presents the net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses, by line of business for Property & Casualty Operations:

December 312024
(In millions) 
  
Medical professional liability$1,425 
Other professional liability and management liability3,967 
Surety493 
Warranty46 
Commercial auto1,247 
General liability4,356 
Workers’ compensation3,543 
Other property and casualty operations3,257 
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses$18,334 
Schedule of Incurred Claims Development
Medical Professional Liability

Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment ExpensesDecember 31, 2024
December 312015 (a)2016 (a)2017 (a)2018 (a)2019 (a)2020 (a)2021 (a)2022 (a)2023 (a)2024 IBNRCumulative Number of Claims
(In millions, except reported claims data)
Accident Year            
2015$433 $499 $510 $494 $488 $510 $501 $498 $494 $494 $11 18,228 
2016427 487 485 499 508 510 508 514 513 16 16,195 
2017412 449 458 460 455 460 456 463 18 15,384 
2018404 429 431 448 470 495 499 28 15,331 
2019430 445 458 471 469 481 43 14,515 
2020477 476 455 447 419 100 11,289 
2021377 376 374 349 117 9,935 
2022329 329 333 143 9,965 
2023340 350 162 10,424 
2024343 278 8,561 
 Total$4,244 $916 
Cumulative Net Paid Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses
Accident Year
2015$22 $101 $230 $313 $384 $420 $444 $458 $463 $471 
201618 121 246 339 401 436 460 483 489 
201719 107 235 308 355 388 417 427 
201821 115 211 290 349 418 453 
201917 91 183 280 349 395 
202011 61 139 201 258 
202111 49 118 170 
202210 57 122 
202314 86 
202413 
Total$2,884 
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented$1,360 
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2015
33 
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented32 
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses$1,425 
Net Strengthening (Releases) of Prior Accident Year Reserves
Years Ended December 31
Total
Accident Year
2015$66 $11 $(16)$(6)$22 $(9)$(3)$(4)$— $61 
201660 (2)14 9 2 (2)6 (1)86 
201737 9 2 (5)5 (4)7 51 
201825 2 17 22 25 4 95 
201915 13 13 (2)12 51 
2020(1)(21)(8)(28)(58)
2021(1)(2)(25)(28)
2022— 4 4 
202310 10 
Total net development for the accident years presented above13 11 (17)
Total net development for accident years prior to 2015
— (6)9 
Total unallocated claim adjustment expense development5 — — 
Total$18 $5 $(8)
(a)Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.
Other Professional Liability and Management Liability

Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment ExpensesDecember 31, 2024
December 312015 (a)2016 (a)2017 (a)2018 (a)2019 (a)2020 (a)2021 (a)2022 (a)2023 (a)2024 IBNRCumulative Number of Claims
(In millions, except reported claims data)
Accident Year            
2015$888 $892 $877 $832 $807 $813 $836 $855 $858 $865 $21 17,457 
2016901 900 900 904 907 891 888 906 912 37 17,989 
2017847 845 813 791 775 758 746 752 51 18,215 
2018850 864 869 906 923 941 987 57 20,071 
2019837 845 856 876 939 970 96 19,548 
2020930 944 951 945 945 168 19,509 
20211,037 1,038 1,009 965 311 18,377 
20221,120 1,112 1,084 465 18,376 
20231,149 1,166 564 19,587 
20241,150 918 17,921 
        Total$9,796 $2,688  
Cumulative Net Paid Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses
Accident Year
2015$60 $234 $404 $542 $612 $677 $725 $794 $808 $813 
201664 248 466 625 701 736 784 826 856 
201757 222 394 498 557 596 630 672 
201854 282 473 599 706 779 847 
201964 263 422 567 699 801 
202067 248 400 523 660 
202158 217 356 502 
202264 225 453 
202364 302 
202477 
Total$5,983 
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented$3,813 
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2015
98 
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented56 
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses$3,967 
Net Strengthening (Releases) of Prior Accident Year Reserves
Years Ended
December 31
Total
Accident Year
2015$4 $(15)$(45)$(25)$6 $23 $19 $3 $7 $(23)
2016(1)— 4 3 (16)(3)18 6 11 
2017(2)(32)(22)(16)(17)(12)6 (95)
201814 5 37 17 18 46 137 
20198 11 20 63 31 133 
202014 7 (6)— 15 
20211 (29)(44)(72)
2022(8)(28)(36)
202317 17 
Total net development for the accident years presented above44 47 41 
Total net development for accident years prior to 2015
6 (10)3 
Total unallocated claim adjustment expense development— — 5 
Total$50 $37 $49 
(a)Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.
Surety
Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment ExpensesDecember 31, 2024
December 312015 (a)2016 (a)2017 (a)2018 (a)2019 (a)2020 (a)2021 (a)2022 (a)2023 (a)2024 IBNRCumulative Number of Claims
(In millions, except reported claims data)
Accident Year            
2015$131 $131 $104 $79 $63 $58 $53 $45 $45 $45 $2 5,103 
2016124 124 109 84 67 64 58 43 43 3 5,577 
2017120 115 103 84 71 66 67 67 3 5,909 
2018114 108 91 62 56 51 49 6 6,297 
2019119 112 98 87 82 82 8 6,229 
2020128 119 81 67 57 3 4,827 
2021137 129 110 91 45 4,884 
2022155 158 132 74 4,893 
2023175 169 138 4,378 
2024171 145 2,940 
 Total$906 $427 
Cumulative Net Paid Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses
Accident Year
2015$7 $26 $38 $40 $42 $44 $42 $42 $43 $43 
20165 37 45 45 43 43 41 40 40 
201723 37 41 46 49 62 62 63 
20185 25 34 39 40 41 41 
201912 34 44 59 70 74 
20204 20 28 33 44 
20215 20 35 42 
202212 35 52 
20238 27 
202420 
Total$446 
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented$460 
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2015
14 
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented19 
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses$493 
Net Strengthening (Releases) of Prior Accident Year Reserves
Years Ended December 31
Total
Accident Year
2015$— $(27)$(25)$(16)$(5)$(5)$(8)$— $— $(86)
2016— (15)(25)(17)(3)(6)(15)— (81)
2017(5)(12)(19)(13)(5)1 — (53)
2018(6)(17)(29)(6)(5)(2)(65)
2019(7)(14)(11)(5)— (37)
2020(9)(38)(14)(10)(71)
2021(8)(19)(19)(46)
20223 (26)(23)
2023(6)(6)
Total net development for the accident years presented above(82)(54)(63)
Total net development for accident years prior to 2015
(1)11 (5)
Total unallocated claim adjustment expense development— — — 
Total$(83)$(43)$(68)
(a)Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.
Commercial Auto

Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment ExpensesDecember 31, 2024
December 312015 (a)2016 (a)2017 (a)2018 (a)2019 (a)2020 (a)2021 (a)2022 (a)2023 (a)2024 IBNR Cumulative
Number of Claims
(In millions, except reported claims data)
Accident Year            
2015$201 $199 $190 $190 $183 $181 $183 $182 $184 $184 $2 30,430 
2016198 186 186 186 190 195 200 197 195 1 30,457 
2017199 198 200 221 232 239 241 241 4 30,947 
2018229 227 227 245 254 255 260 2 34,333 
2019
257 266 289 323 325 327 7 37,280 
2020
310 303 304 298 303 14 29,182 
2021
397 388 390 393 51 33,028 
2022
437 465 496 90 37,230 
2023
554 620 202 42,345 
2024
726 447 40,718 
 Total$3,745 $820 
Cumulative Net Paid Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses
Accident Year
2015$52 $96 $130 $153 $172 $175 $178 $179 $180 $182 
201652 93 126 154 175 185 190 192 193 
201758 107 150 178 203 225 232 235 
201866 128 175 212 238 249 256 
201977 147 203 257 295 312 
202071 134 197 246 276 
202183 168 240 305 
2022112 236 334 
2023127 270 
2024153 
Total$2,516 
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented$1,229 
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2015
1 
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented17 
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses$1,247 
Net Strengthening (Releases) of Prior Accident Year Reserves
Years Ended December 31
Total
Accident Year
2015$(2)$(9)$— $(7)$(2)$2 $(1)$2 $— $(17)
2016(12)— — 4 5 5 (3)(2)(3)
2017(1)2 21 11 7 2 — 42 
2018(2)— 18 9 1 5 31 
20199 23 34 2 2 70 
2020(7)1 (6)5 (7)
2021(9)2 3 (4)
202228 31 59 
202366 66 
Total net development for the accident years presented above46 28 110 
Total net development for accident years prior to 2015
3 2 (3)
Total unallocated claim adjustment expense development— 3 — 
Total$49 $33 $107 
(a)Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.
General Liability

Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment ExpensesDecember 31, 2024
December 312015 (a)2016 (a)2017 (a)2018 (a)2019 (a)2020 (a)2021 (a)2022 (a)2023 (a)2024 IBNR Cumulative Number of Claims
(In millions, except reported claims data)
Accident Year            
2015$581 $576 $574 $589 $600 $602 $617 $625 $639 $656 $39 24,309 
2016623 659 667 671 673 683 684 704 712 27 24,901 
2017632 632 632 634 630 652 690 713 16 22,544 
2018653 644 646 639 650 679 665 83 20,553 
2019680 682 682 691 720 727 129 19,907 
2020723 722 726 736 702 237 14,964 
2021782 784 793 814 299 15,952 
2022929 928 930 515 17,527 
20231,071 1,106 726 17,037 
20241,271 1,144 14,632 
 Total$8,296 $3,215 
Cumulative Net Paid Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses
Accident Year
2015$19 $110 $230 $357 $446 $501 $530 $561 $573 $581 
201632 163 279407 481 524 582 620 652 
201723 118250 399 471 553 606 657 
201833107 228 307 428 491 546 
201925 98 181 322 455 532 
202023 99 192 280 367 
202126 140 262 391 
202229 123 260 
202333 153 
202434 
Total$4,173 
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented$4,123 
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2015
171 
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented62 
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses$4,356 

Net Strengthening (Releases) of Prior Accident Year Reserves

Years Ended December 31
         
Total
Accident Year          
2015$(5)$(2)$15 $11 $2 $15 $8 $14 $17 $75 
2016 36 8 4 2 10 1 20 8 89  
2017 — — 2 (4)22 38 23 81  
2018 (9)2 (7)11 29 (14)12  
2019 2 — 9 29 7 47  
2020 (1)4 10 (34)(21) 
2021 2 9 21 32  
2022 (1)2 1  
202335 35  
Total net development for the accident years presented above 5714865  
Total net development for accident years prior to 2015
10 1 10   
Total unallocated claim adjustment expense development — ——  
Total $67 $149 $75   
(a)Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.
Workers’ Compensation

Cumulative Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment ExpensesDecember 31, 2024
December 312015 (a)2016 (a)2017 (a)2018 (a)2019 (a)2020 (a)2021 (a)2022 (a)2023 (a)2024 IBNRCumulative Number of Claims
(In millions, except reported claims data)
Accident Year            
2015$422 $431 $406 $408 $394 $382 $372 $353 $334 $324 $45 31,916 
2016426 405 396 382 366 355 331 308 293 45 32,000 
2017440 432 421 400 402 399 398 383 65 33,156 
2018450 440 428 415 415 404 399 65 34,914 
2019452 449 437 436 419 416 67 34,377 
2020477 466 446 414 393 107 29,481 
2021468 454 432 421 116 30,126 
2022497 489 478 148 33,428 
2023555 551 233 36,822 
2024574 325 34,332 
        Total$4,232 $1,216  

Cumulative Net Paid Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses
Accident Year          
2015$51 $131 $180 $212 $231 $243 $251 $256 $259 $261 
201653 129 169 198 219 227 234 235 238 
201763 151 207 243 265 279 287 293 
201868 163 229 259 280 298 307 
201971 169 223 262 291 310 
202065 147 200 228 246 
202167 164 222 256 
202279 192 258 
202387 209 
2024111 
 Total$2,489 
  
Net liability for unpaid claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses for the accident years presented$1,743 
Net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses for accident years prior to 2015
1,757 
Other (b)(22)
Liability for unallocated claim adjustment expenses for accident years presented65 
Total net liability for unpaid claim and claim adjustment expenses $3,543 

Net Strengthening (Releases) of Prior Accident Year Reserves

Years Ended December 31
         
Total
Accident Year          
2015$9 $(25)$2 $(14)$(12)$(10)$(19)$(19)$(10)$(98)
2016 (21)(9)(14)(16)(11)(24)(23)(15)(133) 
2017 (8)(11)(21)2 (3)(1)(15)(57) 
2018 (10)(12)(13)— (11)(5)(51) 
2019 (3)(12)(1)(17)(3)(36) 
2020 (11)(20)(32)(21)(84) 
2021 (14)(22)(11)(47) 
2022 (8)(11)(19) 
2023(4)(4) 
Total net development for the accident years presented above (81)(133)(95)  
Adjustment for development on a discounted basis (3)(2)(2)  
Total net development for accident years prior to 2015
(78)(74)(105)  
Total unallocated claim adjustment expense development 10 6 —   
Total $(152)$(203)$(202)  
(a)Data presented for these calendar years is required supplemental information, which is unaudited.
(b)Other includes the effect of discounting lifetime claim reserves.
Schedule of Supplementary Information about Average Historical Claims Duration
The table below presents information about average historical claims duration as of December 31, 2024 and is presented as required supplementary information, which is unaudited.

Average Annual Percentage Payout of Ultimate Net Incurred Claim and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses in Year:
 12345678910
           
Medical professional liability3.6 %16.3 %21.8 %16.6 %12.7 %8.9 %5.7 %3.2 %1.1 %1.6 %
Other professional liability and management liability6.5 19.6 19.2 14.7 10.5 6.9 5.6 6.1 2.5 0.6 
Surety (a)17.3 41.0 16.4 8.1 3.9 6.2 (2.3)(0.3)1.1 — 
Commercial auto23.7 22.3 18.4 14.6 10.5 5.1 2.4 0.9 0.5 1.1 
General liability3.4 12.5 15.7 16.8 13.8 9.2 7.1 5.7 3.2 1.2 
Workers’ compensation16.8 23.4 14.2 8.8 5.9 3.8 2.3 1.2 1.0 0.6 

(a)Due to the nature of the Surety business, average annual percentage payout of ultimate net incurred claim and allocated claim adjustment expenses has been calculated using only the payouts of mature accident years presented in the loss reserve development tables.
Schedule of Impact of Loss Portfolio Transfer
The following table presents the impact of the Loss Portfolio Transfer on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(In millions)   
    
Additional amounts ceded under LPT:   
Net A&EP adverse development before consideration of LPT$103 $86 $92 
Provision for uncollectible third-party reinsurance on A&EP(5)
Total additional amounts ceded under LPT103 86 87 
Retroactive reinsurance benefit recognized(95)(94)(91)
Pretax impact of deferred retroactive reinsurance$8 $(8)$(4)