10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period From ____________ to _____________

Commission File Number 1-06541

LOEWS CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	13-2646102
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

667 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10065-8087

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(212) 521-2000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

NOT APPLICABLE

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share	L	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐

Emerging growth company  ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

As of April 28, 2023, there were 227,898,186 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

1

INDEX

	Page
	No.
Part I. Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)
Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets	3
March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations	4
Three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)	5
Three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Equity	6
Three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows	7
Three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022
Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements	8
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	36
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	55
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	55
Part II. Other Information	55
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	55
Item 1A. Risk Factors	56
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	56
Item 6. Exhibits	57

2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

Loews Corporation and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
(Dollar amounts in millions, except per share data)
Assets:
Investments:
Fixed maturities, amortized cost of $41,899 and $41,102, less allowance for credit loss of $2 and $1	$	39,349	$	37,697
Equity securities, cost of $1,082 and $1,161	1,057		1,139
Limited partnership investments	2,011		1,954
Other invested assets, primarily mortgage loans, less allowance for credit loss of $24 and $24	1,093		1,124
Short term investments	4,079		4,854
Total investments	47,589		46,768
Cash	594		532
Receivables	9,416		9,403
Property, plant and equipment	10,098		10,027
Goodwill	346		346
Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expenses	3,671		3,671
Deferred acquisition costs of insurance subsidiaries	852		806
Other assets	3,994		4,014
Total assets	$	76,560	$	75,567
Liabilities and Equity:
Insurance reserves:
Claim and claim adjustment expense	$	22,409	$	22,120
Future policy benefits	13,976		13,480
Unearned premiums	6,581		6,374
Total insurance reserves	42,966		41,974
Payable to brokers	220		133
Short term debt	908		854
Long term debt	8,150		8,165
Deferred income taxes	251		243
Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue	4,710		4,714
Other liabilities	4,041		4,283
Total liabilities	61,246		60,366
Commitments and contingent liabilities
Preferred stock, $0.10 par value:
Authorized – 100,000,000 shares
Common stock, $0.01 par value:
Authorized – 1,800,000,000 shares
Issued – 236,270,711 and 236,159,866 shares	2		2
Additional paid-in capital	2,716		2,748
Retained earnings	15,293		14,931
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(3,062)		(3,320)
	14,949		14,361
Less treasury stock, at cost (8,372,525 and 198,875 shares)	(498)		(12)
Total shareholders’ equity	14,451		14,349
Noncontrolling interests	863		852
Total equity	15,314		15,201
Total liabilities and equity	$	76,560	$	75,567

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.

3

Loews Corporation and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022
(In millions, except per share data)
Revenues:
Insurance premiums	$	2,248	$	2,059
Net investment income	569		432
Investment losses	(35)		(11)
Non-insurance warranty revenue	407		382
Operating revenues and other	594		540
Total	3,783		3,402
Expenses:
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits (re-measurement gain of $1 and $5)	1,653		1,478
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	379		344
Non-insurance warranty expense	384		354
Operating expenses and other	781		716
Equity method income	(28)		(25)
Interest	95		96
Total	3,264		2,963
Income before income tax	519		439
Income tax expense	(115)		(87)
Net income	404		352
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	(29)		(30)
Net income attributable to Loews Corporation	$	375	$	322
Basic net income per share	$	1.61	$	1.30
Diluted net income per share	$	1.61	$	1.29
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Shares of common stock	233.30		247.97
Dilutive potential shares of common stock	0.32		0.51
Total weighted average shares outstanding assuming dilution	233.62		248.48

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.

4

Loews Corporation and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(Unaudited)

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022
(In millions)
Net income	$	404	$	352
Other comprehensive income (loss), after tax
Changes in:
Net unrealized losses on investments with an allowance for credit losses	(8)		(4)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments	670		(2,643)
Total unrealized gains (losses) on investments	662		(2,647)
Impact of changes in discount rates used to measure long-duration contract liabilities	(396)		1,635
Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges	(2)		18
Pension and postretirement benefits	9		7
Foreign currency translation	16		(15)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	289		(1,002)
Comprehensive income (loss)	693		(650)
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	(60)		76
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Loews Corporation	$	633	$	(574)

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.

5

Loews Corporation and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

(Unaudited)

			Loews Corporation Shareholders
	Total		Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Common Stock Held in Treasury		Noncontrolling Interests
(In millions)
Balance, January 1, 2022, as reported	$	19,175	$	2	$	2,885	$	14,776	$	186	$	(3)	$	1,329
Cumulative effect adjustments from changes in accounting standards (Note 1)	(1,704)						(22)		(1,506)				(176)
Balance, January 1, 2022, as adjusted	17,471		2		2,885		14,754		(1,320)		(3)		1,153
Net income	352						322						30
Other comprehensive loss	(1,002)								(896)				(106)
Dividends paid ($0.0625 per share)	(84)						(16)						(68)
Purchase of subsidiary stock from noncontrolling interests	(21)				(1)								(20)
Purchases of Loews Corporation treasury stock	(129)										(129)
Stock-based compensation	(10)				(25)								15
Other	(1)						(1)
Balance, March 31, 2022	$	16,576	$	2	$	2,859	$	15,059	$	(2,216)	$	(132)	$	1,004
Balance, January 1, 2023, as reported	$	15,478	$	2	$	2,748	$	15,144	$	(3,284)	$	(12)	$	880
Cumulative effect adjustments from changes in accounting standards (Note 1)	(277)						(213)		(36)				(28)
Balance, January 1, 2023, as adjusted	15,201		2		2,748		14,931		(3,320)		(12)		852
Net income	404						375						29
Other comprehensive income	289								258				31
Dividends paid ($0.0625 per share)	(59)						(15)						(44)
Purchase of subsidiary stock from noncontrolling interests	(24)												(24)
Purchases of Loews Corporation treasury stock	(486)										(486)
Stock-based compensation	(4)				(26)								22
Other	(7)				(6)		2						(3)
Balance, March 31, 2023	$	15,314	$	2	$	2,716	$	15,293	$	(3,062)	$	(498)	$	863

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.

6

Loews Corporation and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022
(In millions)
Operating Activities:
Net income	$	404	$	352
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities, net	204		328
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net:
Receivables	5		(28)
Deferred acquisition costs	(45)		(31)
Insurance reserves	432		512
Other assets	(85)		(134)
Other liabilities	(238)		(202)
Trading securities	42		(374)
Net cash flow provided by operating activities	719		423
Investing Activities:
Purchases of fixed maturities	(2,258)		(2,547)
Proceeds from sales of fixed maturities	1,414		803
Proceeds from maturities of fixed maturities	317		916
Purchases of equity securities	(82)		(75)
Proceeds from sales of equity securities	62		77
Purchases of limited partnership investments	(116)		(85)
Proceeds from sales of limited partnership investments	75		113
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(159)		(121)
Change in short term investments	647		696
Other, net	(34)		36
Net cash flow used by investing activities	(134)		(187)
Financing Activities:
Dividends paid	(15)		(16)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests	(44)		(68)
Purchases of Loews Corporation treasury stock	(462)		(132)
Purchases of subsidiary stock from noncontrolling interests	(24)		(21)
Principal payments on debt	(1)		(300)
Issuance of debt	37		495
Other, net	(15)		(14)
Net cash flow used by financing activities	(524)		(56)
Effect of foreign exchange rate on cash	1		(3)
Net change in cash	62		177
Cash, beginning of period	532		621
Cash, end of period	$	594	$	798

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.

7

Loews Corporation and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1. Basis of Presentation

Loews Corporation is a holding company. Its consolidated operating subsidiaries are engaged in the following lines of business: commercial property and casualty insurance (CNA Financial Corporation (“CNA”), a 90.0% owned subsidiary); transportation and storage of natural gas and natural gas liquids (Boardwalk Pipeline Partners, LP (“Boardwalk Pipelines”), a wholly owned subsidiary) and the operation of a chain of hotels (Loews Hotels Holding Corporation (“Loews Hotels & Co”), a wholly owned subsidiary). Unless the context otherwise requires, as used herein, the term “Company” means Loews Corporation including its consolidated subsidiaries, the term “Parent Company” means Loews Corporation excluding its subsidiaries, the term “Net income (loss) attributable to Loews Corporation” means Net income (loss) attributable to Loews Corporation shareholders and the term “subsidiaries” means Loews Corporation’s consolidated subsidiaries.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and results of operations, comprehensive income (loss), changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, in each case in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Net income for the first quarter of each of the years is not necessarily indicative of net income for that entire year. These Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The Company presents basic and diluted net income (loss) per share on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations. Basic net income (loss) per share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stock by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net income per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 there were no shares attributable to employee stock-based compensation awards excluded from the diluted weighted average shares outstanding amounts because the effect would have been antidilutive.

Accounting changes – In August of 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-12, “Financial Services – Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts.” The updated accounting guidance requires changes to the measurement and disclosure of long-duration contracts. Entities are required to review, and update if there is a change, cash flow assumptions (including morbidity and persistency) used to measure the liability for future policyholder benefits (“LFPB”) at least annually. The LFPB must also be updated for actual experience at least annually. The LFPB is reflected as Future policy benefits on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets. The discount rate assumption used to measure the LFPB must be updated quarterly using an upper-medium grade (low credit risk) fixed-income instrument yield, commonly interpreted as a single-A rate. The effect of changes in cash flow assumptions and actual variances from expected experience are recorded in results of operations within Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits. The effect of changes in discount rate assumptions are recorded in Other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”). In contrast, under legacy accounting guidance, cash flow and discount rate assumptions were locked in unless a premium deficiency emerged. The discount rate assumption under legacy accounting guidance was determined using CNA’s internal investment portfolio yield, which was generally higher than a single-A yield.

The new guidance eliminates the need to hold shadow reserves associated with long term care reserves. Under legacy accounting guidance, to the extent that unrealized gains on fixed maturity securities supporting long term care reserves would have resulted in a premium deficiency if realized, a related increase to Insurance reserves was recorded, net of tax, as a reduction of net unrealized gains (losses), through Other comprehensive income (loss) (shadow reserves).

8

The unit of account is the level at which reserves are measured. Under the new guidance, the unit of account used to measure the LFPB is the cohort. Cohorts are comprised of insurance contracts issued no more than one year apart, and must be further disaggregated according to policy benefit and insurance risk characteristics. Under legacy accounting guidance, the LFPB was generally measured at the individual policy level.

Under the new guidance, the net premium ratio (“NPR”) is capped at 100%. To the extent that NPR would otherwise exceed 100%, the LFPB is increased, and a loss is recognized immediately in the results of operations. The NPR cap is applied at the cohort level each quarter when NPR is updated. In contrast, under legacy accounting guidance, premium deficiency testing was performed annually at the product level. See Note 5 to the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements for further explanation of the NPR and LFPB calculations.

The Company adopted the new guidance effective January 1, 2023, using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. CNA’s run-off long term care business is in scope of the new guidance. All prior periods presented in the financial statements have been adjusted to reflect application of the new guidance. The original locked in discount rate, utilized for purposes of calculating the NPR under the new guidance, was based on the discount rate assumption used to calculate the LFPB immediately prior to the transition date. While the requirements of the new guidance represent a material change from legacy accounting, the new guidance does not impact capital and surplus under statutory accounting practices, cash flows or the underlying economics of the business.

In December of 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-05, “Financial Services-Insurance (Topic 944): Transition for Sold Contracts” (“ASU 2022-05”). This guidance permits companies to make an election to exclude from the scope of ASU 2018-12 any insurance contracts that have been de-recognized prior to the effective date of ASU 2018-12, assuming that the company has no significant continuing involvement with the de-recognized contracts. In the fourth quarter of 2022, CNA novated its block of legacy annuity business, which was fully-ceded prior to novation. The Company has elected the ASU 2022-05 transition relief, and has excluded the novated legacy annuity business from the scope of ASU 2018-12.

Explanation of ASU 2018-12 Transition Impacts:

The following table presents a roll-forward of the pre-transition LFPB balance as of January 1, 2021:

(In millions)
Balance as of December 31, 2020, as reported	$	13,318
Reclassification of reserves for policyholders currently receiving benefits to Future policy benefits (a)	2,844
De-recognition of shadow reserves	(3,293)
Re-measurement using an upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yield discount rate	6,255
Other adjustments	8
Balance as of January 1, 2021, as adjusted	$	19,132

(a) In conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2018-12, at January 1, 2023, the long term care reserves for policyholders currently receiving benefits were reclassified from Claim and claim adjustment expense to Future policy benefits. This change was applied retrospectively as of January 1, 2021.

Shadow reserves associated with the long term care business were de-recognized as of the transition date in Accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”). The effect of re-measuring the LFPB at the single-A discount rate as of the transition date was similarly recorded in AOCI. There are no cohorts for which the NPR exceeded 100% at the transition date.

CNA’s practice under legacy accounting guidance was to calculate and record premium deficiency reserves at the policy level. Accordingly, an allocation methodology was not required to assign historical premium deficiency reserves to cohorts upon transition to ASU 2018-12.

9

The following table presents after tax adjustments to the opening balance of Shareholders’ equity and Noncontrolling interests resulting from adoption of ASU 2018-12:

	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		Retained earnings		Noncontrolling interests
(In millions)
Balance as of December 31, 2020, as reported	$	581	$	14,150	$	1,321
De-recognition of shadow reserves	2,331				270
Re-measurement of LFPB using an upper-medium grade fixed    income instrument yield discount rate	(4,428)				(513)
Other adjustments			(5)		(1)
Balance as of January 1, 2021, as adjusted	$	(1,516)	$	14,145	$	1,077

The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on the Consolidated Condensed Statement of Operations were as follows:

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022	As Reported		Effect of Adoption		As Adjusted
(In millions)
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits (a)	$	1,455	$	23	$	1,478
Income before income tax	462		(23)		439
Income tax expense	(92)		5		(87)
Net income	370		(18)		352
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	(32)		2		(30)
Net income attributable to Loews Corporation	338		(16)		322
Basic net income per share	1.36		(0.06)		1.30
Diluted net income per share	1.36		(0.07)		1.29

(a) The effect of adopting ASU 2018-12 on Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits is inclusive of the re-measurement gain of $5 million, which is presented parenthetically on the Consolidated Condensed Statement of Operations.

10

The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheet were as follows:

December 31, 2022	As Reported		Effect of Adoption		As Adjusted
(In millions)
Other assets	$	3,941	$	73	$	4,014
Total assets	75,494		73		75,567
Claim and claim adjustment expenses (a)	25,099		(2,979)		22,120
Future policy benefits (a)	10,151		3,329		13,480
Total liabilities	60,016		350		60,366
Retained earnings	15,144		(213)		14,931
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(3,284)		(36)		(3,320)
Noncontrolling interests	880		(28)		852
Total equity	15,478		(277)		15,201

(a) In conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2018-12, at January 1, 2023, the long term care reserves for policyholders currently receiving benefits were reclassified from Claim and claim adjustment expense to Future policy benefits. This change was applied retrospectively as of January 1, 2021.

The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on the Consolidated Condensed Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss) were as follows:

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022	As Reported		Effect of Adoption		As Adjusted
(In millions)
Changes in: Net unrealized losses on other investments	$	(1,611)	$	(1,032)	$	(2,643)
Total unrealized losses on investments	(1,615)		(1,032)		(2,647)
Impact of changes in discount rates used to measure long-duration    contract liabilities			1,635		1,635
Other comprehensive loss	(1,605)		603		(1,002)
Comprehensive loss	(1,235)		585		(650)
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	136		(60)		76
Total comprehensive loss attributable to Loews Corporation	(1,099)		525		(574)

The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows were as follows:

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022	As Reported		Effect of Adoption		As Adjusted
(In millions)
Net income	$	370	$	(18)	$	352
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating    activities, net	333		(5)		328
Changes in: Insurance reserves	489		23		512

11

The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on segment results of operations of CNA were as follows:

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022	As Reported		Effect of Adoption		As Adjusted
(In millions)
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits (a)	$	1,455	$	23	$	1,478
Income before income tax	378		(23)		355
Income tax expense	(65)		5		(60)
Net income	313		(18)		295
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	(32)		2		(30)
Net income attributable to Loews Corporation	281		(16)		265

(a) The effect of adopting ASU 2018-12 on Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits is inclusive of the re-measurement gain of $5 million, which is presented parenthetically on the Consolidated Condensed Statement of Operations.

2. Investments

Net investment income is as follows:

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities	$	470	$	429
Limited partnership investments	27		20
Short term investments	16
Equity securities (a)	12		2
Income (loss) from trading portfolio (a)	45		(15)
Other	20		15
Total investment income	590		451
Investment expenses	(21)		(19)
Net investment income	$	569	$	432
(a) Net investment income (loss) recognized due to the change in fair value of equity and trading portfolio securities held as of March 31, 2023 and 2022	$	11	$	(31)

12

Investment gains (losses) are as follows:

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities:
Gross gains	$	35	$	26
Gross losses	(57)		(28)
Investment losses on fixed maturity securities	(22)		(2)
Equity securities (a)	(14)		(38)
Derivative instruments			29
Short term investments and other	1
Investment losses	$	(35)	$	(11)
(a) Investment losses recognized due to the change in fair value of non-redeemable preferred stock included within equity securities held as of March 31, 2023 and 2022	$	(2)	$	(38)

The components of available-for-sale impairment losses (gains) recognized in earnings by asset type are presented in the following table. The table includes losses (gains) on securities with an intention to sell and changes in the allowance for credit losses on securities since acquisition date:

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
Corporate and other bonds	$	8	$	8
Asset-backed			2
Impairment losses recognized in earnings	$	8	$	10

There were no losses recognized on mortgage loans during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

13

The following tables present a summary of fixed maturity securities:

March 31, 2023	Cost or Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate and other bonds	$	24,140	$	437	$	1,675	$	1	$	22,901
States, municipalities and political  subdivisions	8,332		410		741				8,001
Asset-backed:
Residential mortgage-backed	3,066		6		413				2,659
Commercial mortgage-backed	1,868		5		242				1,631
Other asset-backed	3,464		8		306		1		3,165
Total asset-backed	8,398		19		961		1		7,455
U.S. Treasury and obligations of  government sponsored enterprises	126				2				124
Foreign government	647		1		39				609
Redeemable preferred stock	3								3
Fixed maturities available-for-sale	41,646		867		3,418		2		39,093
Fixed maturities trading	253		3						256
Total fixed maturity securities	$	41,899	$	870	$	3,418	$	2	$	39,349

December 31, 2022
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate and other bonds	$	23,137	$	301	$	2,009			$	21,429
States, municipalities and political  subdivisions	8,918		338		939				8,317
Asset-backed:
Residential mortgage-backed	3,073		5		447				2,631
Commercial mortgage-backed	1,886		4		255				1,635
Other asset-backed	3,287		2		361		$	1	2,927
Total asset-backed	8,246		11		1,063		1		7,193
U.S. Treasury and obligations of  government sponsored enterprises	111		1		2				110
Foreign government	617		1		43				575
Redeemable preferred stock	3								3
Fixed maturities available-for-sale	41,032		652		4,056		1		37,627
Fixed maturities trading	70								70
Total fixed maturity securities	$	41,102	$	652	$	4,056	$	1	$	37,697

14

The available-for-sale fixed maturity securities in a gross unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded are as follows:

	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or Longer				Total
March 31, 2023	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate and other bonds	$	10,753	$	545	$	6,184	$	1,130	$	16,937	$	1,675
States, municipalities and political  subdivisions	1,708		87		2,347		654		4,055		741
Asset-backed:
Residential mortgage-backed	741		28		1,784		385		2,525		413
Commercial mortgage-backed	474		36		1,072		206		1,546		242
Other asset-backed	1,073		86		1,474		220		2,547		306
Total asset-backed	2,288		150		4,330		811		6,618		961
U.S. Treasury and obligations of  government-sponsored enterprises	57		1		41		1		98		2
Foreign government	231		7		327		32		558		39
Total fixed maturity securities	$	15,037	$	790	$	13,229	$	2,628	$	28,266	$	3,418
December 31, 2022
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate and other bonds	$	15,946	$	1,585	$	1,634	$	424	$	17,580	$	2,009
States, municipalities and political  subdivisions	4,079		769		456		170		4,535		939
Asset-backed:
Residential mortgage-backed	1,406		144		1,143		303		2,549		447
Commercial mortgage-backed	1,167		159		408		96		1,575		255
Other asset-backed	2,087		262		542		99		2,629		361
Total asset-backed	4,660		565		2,093		498		6,753		1,063
U.S. Treasury and obligations of  government-sponsored enterprises	76		1		16		1		92		2
Foreign government	473		26		78		17		551		43
Total fixed maturity securities	$	25,234	$	2,946	$	4,277	$	1,110	$	29,511	$	4,056

15

The following table presents the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of available-for-sale fixed maturity securities in a gross unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit loss has not been recorded, by ratings distribution.

	March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
(In millions)
U.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprises	$	2,357	$	302	$	2,355	$	337
AAA	1,424		260		1,559		298
AA	4,053		670		4,327		817
A	6,440		619		6,615		749
BBB	12,651		1,360		13,226		1,621
Non-investment grade	1,341		207		1,429		234
Total	$	28,266	$	3,418	$	29,511	$	4,056

Based on current facts and circumstances, the unrealized losses presented in the March 31, 2023 securities in the gross unrealized loss position table above are not believed to be indicative of the ultimate collectibility of the current amortized cost of the securities, but rather are primarily attributable to changes in risk-free interest rates and a general market widening of credit spreads. In reaching this determination, the continued volatility in risk-free rates and credit spreads, as well as the fact that the unrealized losses are concentrated in investment grade issuers, were considered. Additionally, there is no current intent to sell securities with unrealized losses, nor is it more likely than not that sale will be required prior to recovery of amortized cost; accordingly, it was determined that there are no additional impairment losses to be recorded at March 31, 2023.

The following tables present the activity related to the allowance on available-for-sale securities with credit impairments and purchased credit-deteriorated (“PCD”) assets. Accrued interest receivables on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities totaled $407 million, $394 million and $389 million as of March 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022 and are excluded from the estimate of expected credit losses and the amortized cost basis in the tables within this Note.

Three months ended March 31, 2023	Corporate and Other Bonds		Asset-backed		Total
(In millions)
Allowance for credit losses:
Balance as of January 1, 2023	$	—	$	1	$	1
Additions to the allowance for credit losses:
Available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets	9				9
Reductions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities sold during the period (realized)	6				6
Intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis	3				3
Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period	1				1
Total allowance for credit losses	$	1	$	1	$	2

16

Three months ended March 31, 2022	Corporate and Other Bonds		Asset-backed		Total
(In millions)
Allowance for credit losses:
Balance as of January 1, 2022	$	11	$	7	$	18
Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period	1		(2)		(1)
Total allowance for credit losses	$	12	$	5	$	17

Contractual Maturity

The following table presents available-for-sale fixed maturity securities by contractual maturity.

	March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Cost or Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Cost or Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)
Due in one year or less	$	1,009	$	989	$	1,012	$	1,001
Due after one year through five years	10,486		10,035		9,880		9,399
Due after five years through ten years	13,763		12,702		13,788		12,453
Due after ten years	16,388		15,367		16,352		14,774
Total	$	41,646	$	39,093	$	41,032	$	37,627

Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain securities may be called or prepaid. Securities not due at a single date are allocated based on weighted average life.

Mortgage Loans

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of mortgage loans for each credit quality indicator by year of origination. The primary credit quality indicators utilized are debt service coverage ratios (“DSCR”) and loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratios.

17

	Mortgage Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (a)
As of March 31, 2023	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Total
(In millions)
DSCR ≥1.6x
LTV less than 55%			$	9	$	13	$	112	$	41	$	280	$	455
LTV 55% to 65%													—
LTV greater than 65%			31		11								42
DSCR 1.2x - 1.6x
LTV less than 55%			5		49		13		43		47		157
LTV 55% to 65%	$	12	44				24				8		88
LTV greater than 65%			58										58
DSCR ≤1.2x
LTV less than 55%			34						35				69
LTV 55% to 65%			41						43				84
LTV greater than 65%			27		21				22		7		77
Total	$	12	$	249	$	94	$	149	$	184	$	342	$	1,030

(a) The values in the table above reflect DSCR on a standardized amortization period and LTV ratios based on the most recent appraised values trended forward using changes in a commercial real estate price index.

Derivative Financial Instruments

A summary of the aggregate contractual or notional amounts and gross estimated fair values related to derivative financial instruments follows. The contractual or notional amounts for derivatives are used to calculate the exchange of contractual payments under related agreements and may not be representative of the potential for gain or loss on these instruments. Gross estimated fair values of derivative positions are currently presented in Equity securities, Receivables and Payable to brokers on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets.

	March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Contractual/Notional Amount		Estimated Fair Value				Contractual/Notional Amount		Estimated Fair Value
			Asset		(Liability)				Asset		(Liability)
(In millions)
Without hedge designation:
Equity markets:
Options – purchased	$	142	$	6
Futures – short	102				$	(1)	$	169
Warrants	117		6				117		$	6
Interest rate swaps	240		16				240		19
Currency forwards	13				(1)		12				$	(1)

Investment Commitments

As part of the overall investment strategy, investments are made in various assets which require future purchase, sale or funding commitments. These investments are recorded once funded, and the related commitments may include future capital calls from various third-party limited partnerships, signed and accepted mortgage loan applications and obligations related to private placement securities. As of March 31, 2023, commitments to purchase or fund were approximately $1.7 billion and to sell were approximately $125 million under the terms of these investments.

18

3. Fair Value

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized in the following tables. Corporate bonds and other includes obligations of the United States of America (“U.S.”) Treasury, government-sponsored enterprises, foreign governments and redeemable preferred stock.

March 31, 2023	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate bonds and other	$	135	$	22,590	$	912	$	23,637
States, municipalities and political subdivisions			7,957		44		8,001
Asset-backed			6,596		859		7,455
Fixed maturities available-for-sale	135		37,143		1,815		39,093
Fixed maturities trading	203		53				256
Total fixed maturities	$	338	$	37,196	$	1,815	$	39,349
Equity securities	$	607	$	421	$	29	$	1,057
Short term and other	3,854		68				3,922
Receivables			17				17
Payable to brokers	(81)						(81)
December 31, 2022
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate bonds and other	$	120	$	21,187	$	810	$	22,117
States, municipalities and political subdivisions			8,274		43		8,317
Asset-backed			6,405		788		7,193
Fixed maturities available-for-sale	120		35,866		1,641		37,627
Fixed maturities trading	1		69				70
Total fixed maturities	$	121	$	35,935	$	1,641	$	37,697
Equity securities	$	669	$	435	$	35	$	1,139
Short term and other	4,539		167				4,706
Receivables			19				19
Payable to brokers	(82)						(82)

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The following tables present reconciliations for all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

			Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses) and Net Change in Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses)																Unrealized Gains (Losses) Recognized in Net Income (Loss) on Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Held at March 31		Unrealized Gains (Losses) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Held at March 31
2023	Balance, January 1		Included in Net Income		Included in OCI		Purchases		Sales		Settlements		Transfers into Level 3		Transfers out of Level 3		Balance, March 31
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate bonds and other	$	810			$	24	$	81			$	(3)					$	912			$	24
States, municipalities and political
subdivisions	43				1												44				1
Asset-backed	788		$	5	7		55				(9)		$	23	$	(10)	859				7
Fixed maturities available-for-sale	1,641		5		32		136		$	—	(12)		23		(10)		1,815		$	—	32
Fixed maturities trading	—																—
Total fixed maturities	$	1,641	$	5	$	32	$	136	$	—	$	(12)	$	23	$	(10)	$	1,815	$	—	$	32
Equity securities	$	35	$	(6)													$	29	$	(6)

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			Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses) and Net Change in Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses)																Unrealized Gains (Losses) Recognized in Net Income (Loss) on Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Held at March 31		Unrealized Gains (Losses) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Held at March 31
2022	Balance, January 1		Included in Net Income		Included in OCI		Purchases		Sales		Settlements		Transfers into  Level 3		Transfers out of Level 3		Balance, March 31
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate bonds and other	$	937	$	(1)	$	(71)	$	67	$	(5)	$	(22)	$	10			$	915			$	(72)
States, municipalities and political
subdivisions	56				(5)												51				(5)
Asset-backed	556		3		(32)		140				(17)		5		$	(51)	604				(31)
Fixed maturities available-for-sale	1,549		2		(108)		207		(5)		(39)		15		(51)		1,570		$	—	(108)
Fixed maturities trading	—																—
Total fixed maturities	$	1,549	$	2	$	(108)	$	207	$	(5)	$	(39)	$	15	$	(51)	$	1,570	$	—	$	(108)
Equity securities	$	29	$	3			$	12									$	44	$	3

Net investment gains and losses are reported in Net income as follows:

Major Category of Assets and Liabilities	Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations Line Items
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	Investment gains (losses)
Fixed maturity securities trading	Net investment income
Equity securities	Investment gains (losses) and Net investment income
Other invested assets	Investment gains (losses) and Net investment income
Derivative financial instruments held in a trading portfolio	Net investment income
Derivative financial instruments, other	Investment gains (losses) and Operating revenues and other

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Significant Unobservable Inputs

The following tables present quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs utilized in the fair value measurement of Level 3 assets. Valuations for assets and liabilities not presented in the tables below are primarily based on broker/dealer quotes for which there is a lack of transparency as to inputs used to develop the valuations. The quantitative detail of unobservable inputs from these broker quotes is neither provided nor reasonably available. The weighted average rate is calculated based on fair value.

March 31, 2023	Estimated Fair Value		Valuation Techniques	Unobservable Inputs	Range (Weighted Average)
	(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities	$	1,340	Discounted cash flow	Credit spread	1%	—	8%	(3%)
December 31, 2022
Fixed maturity securities	$	1,177	Discounted cash flow	Credit spread	1%	—	8%	(2%)

For fixed maturity securities, an increase to the credit spread assumptions would result in a lower fair value measurement.

Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value

The carrying amount, estimated fair value and the level of the fair value hierarchy of the financial assets and liabilities which are not measured at fair value on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets are presented in the following tables. The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of short term debt and long term debt exclude finance lease obligations. The carrying amounts reported on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets for cash and short term investments not carried at fair value and certain other assets and liabilities approximate fair value due to the short term nature of these items.

	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value
March 31, 2023			Level 1	Level 2		Level 3		Total
(In millions)
Assets:
Other invested assets, primarily mortgage loans	$	1,006				$	958	$	958
Liabilities:
Short term debt	907			$	742	166		908
Long term debt	8,146			7,167		568		7,735
December 31, 2022
Assets:
Other invested assets, primarily mortgage loans	$	1,040				$	973	$	973
Liabilities:
Short term debt	853			$	744	111		855
Long term debt	8,160			7,035		586		7,621

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4. Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves

Claim and claim adjustment expense reserves represent the estimated amounts necessary to resolve all outstanding claims, including incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) claims as of the reporting date. Reserve projections are based primarily on detailed analysis of the facts in each case, experience with similar cases and various historical development patterns. Consideration is given to historical patterns such as claim reserving trends and settlement practices, loss payments, pending levels of unpaid claims and product mix, as well as court decisions and economic conditions, economic, medical and social inflation, and public attitudes. All of these factors can affect the estimation of claim and claim adjustment expense reserves.

Establishing claim and claim adjustment expense reserves, including claim and claim adjustment expense reserves for catastrophic events that have occurred, is an estimation process. Many factors can ultimately affect the final settlement of a claim and, therefore, the necessary reserve. Changes in the law, results of litigation, medical costs, the cost of repair materials and labor rates can affect ultimate claim costs. In addition, time can be a critical part of reserving determinations since the longer the span between the incidence of a loss and the payment or settlement of the claim, the more variable the ultimate settlement amount can be. Accordingly, short-tail claims, such as property damage claims, tend to be more reasonably estimable than long-tail claims, such as workers’ compensation, general liability and professional liability claims. Claim and claim adjustment expense reserves are also maintained for structured settlement obligations. In developing the claim and claim adjustment expense reserve estimates for structured settlement obligations, actuaries review mortality experience on an annual basis. Adjustments to prior year reserve estimates, if necessary, are reflected in the results of operations in the period that the need for such adjustments is determined. There can be no assurance that the ultimate cost for insurance losses will not exceed current estimates.

Catastrophes are an inherent risk of the property and casualty insurance business and have contributed to material period-to-period fluctuations in the Company’s results of operations and/or equity. The Company reported catastrophe losses, net of reinsurance, of $52 million and $19 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 primarily related to severe weather related events.

23

Liability for Unpaid Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses

The following table presents a reconciliation between beginning and ending claim and claim adjustment expense reserves.

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022 (a)
(In millions)
Reserves, beginning of year:
Gross	$	22,120	$	21,269
Ceded	5,191		4,969
Net reserves, beginning of year	16,929		16,300
Net incurred claim and claim adjustment expenses:
Provision for insured events of current year	1,326		1,188
Increase (decrease) in provision for insured events of prior years	13		(7)
Amortization of discount	11		12
Total net incurred (b)	1,350		1,193
Net payments attributable to:
Current year events	(72)		(68)
Prior year events	(1,042)		(920)
Total net payments	(1,114)		(988)
Foreign currency translation adjustment and other	35		(92)
Net reserves, end of period	17,200		16,413
Ceded reserves, end of period	5,209		5,002
Gross reserves, end of period	$	22,409	$	21,415

(a)	In conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2018-22, at January 1, 2023, long term care reserves for policyholders currently receiving benefits were reclassified from Claim and claim adjustment expenses into Future policy benefits and this change was applied retrospectively as of January 1, 2021. For additional information see Note 1.
(b)	Total net incurred above does not agree to Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits as reflected on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations due to amounts related to retroactive reinsurance deferred gain accounting and uncollectible reinsurance, which are not reflected in the table above.

Net Prior Year Development

Changes in estimates of claim and claim adjustment expense reserves, net of reinsurance, for prior years are defined as net prior year loss reserve development. These changes can be favorable or unfavorable.

For commercial property and casualty operations (“Property & Casualty Operations”) unfavorable net prior year development of $13 million was recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and favorable net prior year development of $12 million was recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

24

The following table presents details of the net prior year loss reserve development in Property & Casualty Operations:

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022
(In millions)
Medical professional liability	$	9	$	8
Surety			(9)
Workers’ compensation	(2)		(2)
Property and other	6		(9)
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$	13	$	(12)

Asbestos & Environmental Pollution (“A&EP”) Reserves

In 2010, Continental Casualty Company (“CCC”) together with several insurance subsidiaries completed a transaction with National Indemnity Company (“NICO”), a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Inc., under which substantially all of their legacy A&EP liabilities were ceded to NICO through a loss portfolio transfer (“LPT”). At the effective date of the transaction, approximately $1.6 billion of net A&EP claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserves were ceded to NICO under a retroactive reinsurance agreement with an aggregate limit of $4.0 billion. The $1.6 billion of claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserves ceded to NICO was net of $1.2 billion of ceded claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserves under existing third party reinsurance contracts. The NICO LPT aggregate reinsurance limit also covers credit risk on the existing third party reinsurance related to these liabilities. NICO was paid a reinsurance premium of $2.0 billion and billed third party reinsurance receivables related to A&EP claims with a net book value of $215 million were transferred to NICO, resulting in total consideration of $2.2 billion.

In years subsequent to the effective date of the LPT, adverse prior year development on A&EP reserves was recognized resulting in additional amounts ceded under the LPT. As a result, the cumulative amounts ceded under the LPT have exceeded the $2.2 billion consideration paid, resulting in the NICO LPT moving into a gain position, requiring retroactive reinsurance accounting. Under retroactive reinsurance accounting, this gain is deferred and only recognized in earnings in proportion to actual paid recoveries under the LPT. Over the life of the contract, there is no economic impact as long as any additional losses incurred are within the limit of the LPT. In a period in which a change in the estimate of A&EP reserves is recognized that increases or decreases the amounts ceded under the LPT, the proportion of actual paid recoveries to total ceded losses is affected and the change in the deferred gain is recognized in earnings as if the revised estimate of ceded losses was available at the effective date of the LPT. The effect of the deferred retroactive reinsurance benefit is recorded in Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations.

The impact of the LPT on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations was the recognition of a retroactive reinsurance benefit of $8 million and $12 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the cumulative amounts ceded under the LPT were $3.5 billion. The unrecognized deferred retroactive reinsurance benefit was $417 million and $425 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and is included within Other liabilities on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets.

NICO established a collateral trust account as security for its obligations under the LPT. The fair value of the collateral trust account was $2.5 billion as of March 31, 2023. In addition, Berkshire Hathaway Inc. guaranteed the payment obligations of NICO up to the aggregate reinsurance limit as well as certain of NICO’s performance obligations under the trust agreement. NICO is responsible for claims handling and billing and collection from third-party reinsurers related to A&EP claims.

Credit Risk for Ceded Reserves

The majority of CNA’s outstanding voluntary reinsurance receivables are due from reinsurers with financial strength ratings of A or higher. Receivables due from reinsurers with lower financial strength ratings are primarily due from captive reinsurers and are backed by collateral arrangements.

5. Future Policy Benefits Reserves

Future policy benefits reserves are related to CNA’s run-off long term care business, which is included in Other Insurance Operations.

25

The determination of Future policy benefits reserves requires management to make estimates and assumptions about expected policyholder experience over the remaining life of the policy. Since policies may be in force for several decades, these assumptions are subject to significant estimation risk. As a result of this variability, CNA’s future policy benefits reserves may be subject to material increases if actual experience develops adversely to its expectations.

The LFPB is computed using the net level premium method, which incorporates cash flow assumptions and discount rate assumptions. Under the net level premium method, the LFPB is equal to the present value of future benefits and claim settlement expenses less the present value of future net premiums. Net premiums are equal to gross premiums multiplied by the NPR. The NPR is generally the ratio of the present value of benefits and expense payments to the present value of gross premiums, expected over the lifetime of the policy. As a result of the modified retrospective adoption of ASU 2018-12, the NPR calculation incorporates the original locked in discount rate and the reserve balance as of the transition date of January 1, 2021.

The key cash flow assumptions used to estimate the LFPB are morbidity, persistency (inclusive of mortality), anticipated future premium rate increases and expenses. Morbidity is the frequency and severity of injury, illness, sickness and diseases contracted. Persistency is the percentage of policies remaining in force and can be affected by policy lapses, benefit reductions and death. Future premium rate increases are generally subject to regulatory approval, and therefore the exact timing and size of the approved rate increases are unknown. Expense assumptions relate to claim adjudication. The practical expedient that allows locking in the expense assumption has not been elected. The discount rate is determined using the upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yield curve.

CNA has elected to update the NPR and the LFPB for actual experience on a quarterly basis. A quarterly assessment is also made as to whether evidence suggests that cash flow assumptions should be updated. Annually in the third quarter, actuarial analysis is performed on policyholder morbidity, persistency, premium rate increases and expense experience. This analysis, combined with judgment, informs the setting of updated cash flow assumptions used to estimate the LFPB. Actuarial analysis includes predictive modeling, actual to expected experience comparisons and trend analysis. Applicable industry research is also considered.

Quarterly, to derive the upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yield discount rate assumption, a published spot rate curve constructed from single-A rated U.S. dollar denominated corporate bonds is used. Linear interpolation is used to determine yield assumptions for tenors that fall between points for which observable rates are available. For cash flows that are projected to occur beyond the tenor for which market-observable rates are available, judgment is applied to estimate a normative rate which is graded to over 10 years.

Quarterly, the updated NPR is used to derive an updated LFPB as of the beginning of the current quarter measured at the original locked in discount rate. The updated LFPB is then compared to the existing carrying amount of the liability as of the same date (measured at the original locked in discount rate) to determine the re-measurement gain (loss), which is presented parenthetically within the Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits line on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations.

Insurance contracts are grouped into cohorts according to issue year. Contracts assumed through reinsurance are generally included within the same cohorts as contracts issued directly by CNA, according to issue year. The issue year for assumed contracts is defined according to the date that the assumption of insurance risk incepted. For assumed contracts that were reinsured concurrently with the issuance of the underlying direct contract, issue year is defined as the year that the underlying policy was issued. For contracts that were already in-force when assumed, issue year is defined as the year in which the reinsurance agreement incepted. For group long term care business, issue year is defined as the year the individual insurance certificate was issued. Long term care is CNA’s only long-duration product line, therefore, cohorts are not further disaggregated by product.

26

The following table summarizes balances and changes in the LFPB.

	2023		2022
(In millions)
Present value of future net premiums
Balance, January 1	$	3,993	$	4,735
Effect of changes in discount rate	(74)		(880)
Balance, January 1, at original locked in discount rate	3,919		3,855
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions (a)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience (a)	(49)		(18)
Adjusted balance, January 1	3,870		3,837
Interest accrual	52		53
Net premiums: earned during period	(111)		(112)
Balance, end of period at original locked in discount rate	3,811		3,778
Effect of changes in discount rate	154		525
Balance, March 31	$	3,965	$	4,303
Present value of future benefits & expenses
Balance, January 1	$	17,472	$	22,745
Effect of changes in discount rate	(125)		(5,942)
Balance, January 1, at original locked in discount rate	17,347		16,803
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions (a)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience (a)	(50)		(23)
Adjusted balance, January 1	17,297		16,780
Interest accrual	242		241
Benefit & expense payments	(302)		(233)
Balance, end of period at original locked in discount rate	17,237		16,788
Effect of changes in discount rate	704		3,517
Balance, March 31	$	17,941	$	20,305
Net LFPB	$	13,976	$	16,002

(a) As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, the re-measurement gain of $1 million and $5 million presented parenthetically on the Consolidated Condensed Statement of Operations is comprised of the effect of changes in cash flow assumptions and the effect of actual variances from expected experience.

Earned premiums associated with the long term care business were $115 million and $120 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

The following table presents undiscounted expected future benefit and expense payments and undiscounted expected future gross premiums.

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022
(In millions)
Expected future benefit and expense payments	$	33,759	$	33,674
Expected future gross premiums	5,729		5,969

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Discounted expected future gross premiums at the upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yield discount rate were $4.0 billion and $4.6 billion as of March 31, 2023 and 2022.

The weighted average effective duration of the LFPB calculated using the original locked in discount rate was 12 years as of March 31, 2023 and 2022.

The weighted average interest rates in the table below are calculated based on the rate used to discount all future cash flows.

	March 31,				December 31,
	2023		2022		2022
Original locked in discount rate	5.26	%	5.31	%	5.27	%
Upper-medium grade fixed income instrument discount rate	4.92		3.67		5.23

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, immediate charges to net income resulting from adverse development that caused NPR to exceed 100% were $13 million. There were no such charges for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The portion of losses recognized in a prior period due to NPR exceeding 100% which, due to favorable development, was reversed through net income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $11 million and $1 million.

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6. Shareholders’ Equity

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

The tables below present the changes in AOCI by component for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023:

	Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments with an Allowance for Credit Losses		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Other Investments		Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges		Pension and Postretirement Benefits		Cumulative impact of changes in discount rates used to measure long duration contracts		Foreign Currency Translation		Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(In millions)
Balance, January 1, 2022, as reported	$	(2)	$	930	$	(6)	$	(636)	$	—	$	(100)	$	186
Cumulative effect adjustments from changes in accounting standards (Note 1), after tax of $0, $617, $0, $0, $(1,063) and $0			2,079						(3,585)				(1,506)
Balance, January 1, 2022, as adjusted	(2)		3,009		(6)		(636)		(3,585)		(100)		(1,320)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, after tax of $1, $699, $(2), $(2), $(435)and $0	(4)		(2,644)		15		2		1,635		(15)		(1,011)
Reclassification of losses from accumulated other comprehensive loss, after tax of $0, $(1), $(1), $(2), $0 and $0			1		3		5						9
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(4)		(2,643)		18		7		1,635		(15)		(1,002)
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests			275				(1)		(169)		1		106
Balance, March 31, 2022	$	(6)	$	641	$	12	$	(630)	$	(2,119)	$	(114)	$	(2,216)
Balance, January 1, 2023, as reported	$	(7)	$	(2,469)	$	14	$	(622)	$	—	$	(200)	$	(3,284)
Cumulative effect adjustments from changes in accounting standards (Note 1), after tax of $0, $0, $0, $0, $11 and $0									(36)				(36)
Balance, January 1, 2023, as adjusted	(7)		(2,469)		14		(622)		(36)		(200)		(3,320)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, after tax of $2, $(176), $1, $0, $105 and $0	(8)		652		(2)				(396)		16		262
Reclassification of losses from accumulated other comprehensive loss, after tax of $0, $(4), $0, $(2), $0 and $0			18				9						27
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(8)		670		(2)		9		(396)		16		289
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	1		(68)				(1)		39		(2)		(31)
Balance, March 31, 2023	$	(14)	$	(1,867)	$	12	$	(614)	$	(393)	$	(186)	$	(3,062)

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Amounts reclassified from AOCI shown above are reported in Net income (loss) as follows:

Major Category of AOCI	Affected Line Item
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with an allowance for credit losses and Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments	Investment gains (losses)
Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges	Operating revenues and other, Interest expense and Operating expenses and other
Pension and postretirement benefits	Operating expenses and other

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Treasury Stock

Loews Corporation repurchased 8.2 million and 2.1 million shares of its common stock at aggregate costs of $486 million and $129 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

7. Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Disaggregation of revenues – Revenue from contracts with customers, other than insurance premiums, is reported as Non-insurance warranty revenue and within Operating revenues and other on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations. The following table presents revenues from contracts with customers disaggregated by revenue type along with the reportable segment and a reconciliation to Operating revenues and other as reported in Note 11:

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022
(In millions)
Non-insurance warranty – CNA Financial	$	407	$	382
Transportation and storage of natural gas and NGLs and other services – Boardwalk Pipelines	$	386	$	370
Lodging and related services – Loews Hotels & Co	185		146
Total revenues from contracts with customers	571		516
Other revenues	23		24
Operating revenues and other	$	594	$	540

Receivables from contracts with customers – As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, receivables from contracts with customers were approximately $160 million and $168 million and are included within Receivables on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets.

Deferred revenue – As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, deferred revenue resulting from contracts with customers was approximately $4.8 billion and is reported as Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue and within Other liabilities on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets. Approximately $397 million and $374 million of revenues recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were included in deferred revenue as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Performance obligations – As of March 31, 2023, approximately $13.5 billion of estimated operating revenues is expected to be recognized in the future related to outstanding performance obligations. The balance relates primarily to revenues for transportation and storage services for natural gas and natural gas liquids and hydrocarbons (“NGLs”) at Boardwalk Pipelines and non-insurance warranty revenue at CNA. Approximately $2.1 billion will be recognized during the remaining nine months of 2023, $2.3 billion in 2024 and the remainder in following years. The actual timing of recognition may vary due to factors outside of the Company’s control.

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8. Benefit Plans

The Company has several non-contributory defined benefit plans and postretirement benefit plans covering eligible employees and retirees.

The following table presents the components of net periodic (benefit) cost for the defined benefit plans:

	Pension Benefits				Other Postretirement Benefits
Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022		2023		2022
(In millions)
Service cost	$	1	$	1
Interest cost	28		19		$	1
Expected return on plan assets	(32)		(43)		(1)
Amortization of unrecognized net loss	9		8
Settlements			1
Regulatory asset decrease			1
Net periodic (benefit) cost	$	6	$	(13)	$	—	$	—

9. Legal Proceedings

Boardwalk Pipelines Litigation

On May 25, 2018, plaintiffs Tsemach Mishal and Paul Berger (on behalf of themselves and the purported class, “Plaintiffs”) initiated a purported class action in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (the “Trial Court”) against the following defendants: Boardwalk Pipelines, Boardwalk GP, LP (“General Partner”), Boardwalk GP, LLC and Boardwalk Pipelines Holding Corp. (“BPHC”) (together, “Defendants”), regarding the potential exercise by the General Partner of its right to purchase all of the issued and outstanding common units representing limited partnership interests in Boardwalk Pipelines not already owned by the General Partner or its affiliates.

On June 25, 2018, Plaintiffs and Defendants entered into a Stipulation and Agreement of Compromise and Settlement, subject to the approval of the Trial Court (the “Proposed Settlement”). Under the terms of the Proposed Settlement, the lawsuit would be dismissed, and related claims against the Defendants would be released by the Plaintiffs, if BPHC, the sole member of the General Partner, elected to cause the General Partner to exercise its right to purchase the issued and outstanding common units of Boardwalk Pipelines pursuant to Boardwalk Pipelines’ Third Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership, as amended (“Limited Partnership Agreement”), within a period specified by the Proposed Settlement. On June 29, 2018, the General Partner elected to exercise its right to purchase all of the issued and outstanding common units representing limited partnership interests in Boardwalk Pipelines not already owned by the General Partner or its affiliates pursuant to the Limited Partnership Agreement within the period specified by the Proposed Settlement. The transaction was completed on July 18, 2018.

On September 28, 2018, the Trial Court denied approval of the Proposed Settlement. On February 11, 2019, a substitute verified class action complaint was filed in this proceeding, which among other things, added the Parent Company as a Defendant. The Defendants filed a motion to dismiss, which was heard by the Trial Court in July of 2019. In October of 2019, the Trial Court ruled on the motion and granted a partial dismissal, with certain aspects of the case proceeding to trial. A trial was held the week of February 22, 2021 and post-trial oral arguments were held on July 14, 2021.

On November 12, 2021, the Trial Court issued a ruling in the case. The Trial Court held that the General Partner breached the Limited Partnership Agreement and awarded Plaintiffs approximately $690 million, plus pre-judgment interest (approximately $166 million), post-judgment interest and attorneys’ fees.

The Company believed that the Trial Court ruling included factual and legal errors. Therefore, on January 3, 2022, the Defendants appealed the Trial Court’s ruling to the Supreme Court of the State of Delaware (the “Supreme Court”). On January 17, 2022, the Plaintiffs filed a cross-appeal to the Supreme Court contesting the calculation of damages by the Trial Court. Oral arguments were held on September 14, 2022, and on December 19, 2022, the Supreme Court reversed the Trial Court’s ruling and remanded the case to the Trial Court for further proceedings related to claims not decided by the

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Trial Court’s ruling. Briefing by the parties at the Trial Court on the remanded issues is scheduled to be completed in July 2023.

Other Litigation

The Company is from time to time party to other litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. While it is difficult to predict the outcome or effect of any litigation, management does not believe that the outcome of any pending litigation, including the Boardwalk Pipelines matter described above, will materially affect the Company’s results of operations or equity.

10. Commitments and Contingencies

CNA Guarantees

CNA has provided guarantees, if the primary obligor fails to perform, to holders of structured settlement annuities issued by a previously owned subsidiary. As of March 31, 2023, the potential amount of future payments CNA could be required to pay under these guarantees was approximately $1.5 billion, which will be paid over the lifetime of the annuitants. CNA does not believe any payment is likely under these guarantees, as CNA is the beneficiary of a trust that must be maintained at a level that approximates the discounted reserves for these annuities.

11. Segments

Loews Corporation has four reportable segments comprised of three individual consolidated operating subsidiaries, CNA, Boardwalk Pipelines and Loews Hotels & Co; and the Corporate segment. The Corporate segment is primarily comprised of Loews Corporation, excluding its subsidiaries, and the equity method of accounting for Altium Packaging LLC. Each of the operating subsidiaries is headed by a chief executive officer who is responsible for the operation of its business and has the duties and authority commensurate with that position. For additional disclosures regarding the composition of Loews Corporation’s segments, see Note 19 of the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The following tables present the reportable segments and their contribution to the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations. Amounts presented will not necessarily be the same as those in the individual financial statements of the subsidiaries due to adjustments for purchase accounting, income taxes and noncontrolling interests.

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Statements of Operations by segment are presented in the following tables.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023	CNA Financial		Boardwalk Pipelines		Loews Hotels & Co		Corporate		Total
(In millions)
Revenues:
Insurance premiums	$	2,248							$	2,248
Net investment income	525		$	1	$	1	$	42	569
Investment losses	(35)								(35)
Non-insurance warranty revenue	407								407
Operating revenues and other	7		396		191				594
Total	3,152		397		192		42		3,783
Expenses:
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits	1,653								1,653
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	379								379
Non-insurance warranty expense	384								384
Operating expenses and other	337		242		183		19		781
Equity method (income) loss					(31)		3		(28)
Interest	28		39		6		22		95
Total	2,781		281		158		44		3,264
Income (loss) before income tax	371		116		34		(2)		519
Income tax expense	(74)		(30)		(10)		(1)		(115)
Net income (loss)	297		86		24		(3)		404
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	(29)								(29)
Net income (loss) attributable to Loews Corporation	$	268	$	86	$	24	$	(3)	$	375

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Three Months Ended March 31, 2022	CNA Financial (a)		Boardwalk Pipelines		Loews Hotels & Co		Corporate		Total (a)
(In millions)
Revenues:
Insurance premiums	$	2,059							$	2,059
Net investment income (loss)	448						$	(16)	432
Investment losses	(11)								(11)
Non-insurance warranty revenue	382								382
Operating revenues and other	7		$	381	$	152			540
Total	2,885		381		152		(16)		3,402
Expenses:
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits	1,478								1,478
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	344								344
Non-insurance warranty expense	354								354
Operating expenses and other	326		217		152		21		716
Equity method (income) loss					(26)		1		(25)
Interest	28		42		4		22		96
Total	2,530		259		130		44		2,963
Income (loss) before income tax	355		122		22		(60)		439
Income tax (expense) benefit	(60)		(31)		(7)		11		(87)
Net income (loss)	295		91		15		(49)		352
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	(30)								(30)
Net income (loss) attributable to Loews Corporation	$	265	$	91	$	15	$	(49)	$	322

(a) As of January 1, 2023, ASU 2018-12 was adopted using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. Prior period amounts in the financial statements have been adjusted to reflect application of the new standard. For additional information see Note 1.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations (“MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements included under Item 1 of this Report and the Consolidated Financial Statements, Risk Factors, and MD&A included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. This MD&A is comprised of the following sections:

	Page No.
Overview	36
Results of Operations	37
Consolidated Financial Results	37
CNA Financial	38
Boardwalk Pipelines	42
Loews Hotels & Co	44
Corporate	45
Liquidity and Capital Resources	45
Parent Company	45
Subsidiaries	46
Investments	47
Critical Accounting Estimates	52
Accounting Standards Update	53
Forward-Looking Statements	55

OVERVIEW

Loews Corporation is a holding company and has four reportable segments comprised of three individual consolidated operating subsidiaries, CNA Financial Corporation (“CNA”), Boardwalk Pipeline Partners, LP (“Boardwalk Pipelines”) and Loews Hotels Holding Corporation (“Loews Hotels & Co”); and the Corporate segment. The Corporate segment is primarily comprised of Loews Corporation, excluding its operating subsidiaries, and the equity method of accounting for Altium Packaging LLC (“Altium Packaging”).

Unless the context otherwise requires, as used herein, the term “Company” means Loews Corporation including its consolidated subsidiaries, the terms “Parent Company,” “we,” “our,” “us” or like terms mean Loews Corporation excluding its subsidiaries, the term “Net income (loss) attributable to Loews Corporation” means Net income (loss) attributable to Loews Corporation shareholders and the term “subsidiaries” means Loews Corporation’s consolidated subsidiaries.

We rely upon our invested cash balances and distributions from our subsidiaries to generate the funds necessary to meet our obligations and to declare and pay any dividends to our shareholders. The ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends is subject to, among other things, the availability of sufficient earnings and funds in such subsidiaries, applicable state laws, including in the case of the insurance subsidiaries of CNA, laws and rules governing the payment of dividends by regulated insurance companies (see Note 14 of the Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022) and compliance with covenants in their respective loan agreements. Claims of creditors of our subsidiaries will generally have priority as to the assets of such subsidiaries over our claims and those of our creditors and shareholders. We are not responsible for the liabilities and obligations of our subsidiaries and there are no Parent Company guarantees.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Consolidated Financial Results

The following table summarizes net income (loss) attributable to Loews Corporation by segment and net income (loss) per share attributable to Loews Corporation for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022
(In millions, except per share data)
CNA Financial (a)	$	268	$	265
Boardwalk Pipelines	86		91
Loews Hotels & Co	24		15
Corporate	(3)		(49)
Net income attributable to Loews Corporation (a)	$	375	$	322
Basic net income per share (a)	$	1.61	$	1.30
Diluted net income per share (a)	$	1.61	$	1.29

(a) As of January 1, 2023, Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-12, “Financial Services – Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts,” (“ASU 2018-12”) was adopted using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. Prior period amounts presented in the financial statements have been adjusted to reflect application of the new guidance. For additional information see Notes 1 and 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements included under Item 1 of this Report.

Net income attributable to Loews Corporation in the first quarter of 2023 as compared to the comparable 2022 period included higher net investment income and improved non-catastrophe current accident year underwriting results at CNA, higher net investment income at the Parent Company, and improved results at Loews Hotels & Co partially offset by higher catastrophe losses, unfavorable net prior year loss reserve development, and higher investment losses at CNA, and lower net income from Boardwalk Pipelines, as higher revenues were offset by the increase in maintenance costs.

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CNA Financial

The following table summarizes the results of operations for CNA for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 as presented in Note 11 of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements included under Item 1 of this Report. For further discussion of Net investment income and Investment gains (losses), see the Investments section of this MD&A.

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022 (a)
(In millions)
Revenues:
Insurance premiums	$	2,248	$	2,059
Net investment income	525		448
Investment losses	(35)		(11)
Non-insurance warranty revenue	407		382
Other revenues	7		7
Total	3,152		2,885
Expenses:
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits	1,653		1,478
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	379		344
Non-insurance warranty expense	384		354
Other operating expenses	337		326
Interest	28		28
Total	2,781		2,530
Income before income tax	371		355
Income tax expense	(74)		(60)
Net income	297		295
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	(29)		(30)
Net income attributable to Loews Corporation	$	268	$	265

(a) As of January 1, 2023, ASU 2018-12 was adopted using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. Prior period amounts presented in the financial statements have been adjusted to reflect application of the new guidance. For additional information see Notes 1 and 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements included under Item 1 of this Report.

Net income attributable to Loews Corporation increased $3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with the comparable 2022 period primarily due to higher net investment income from fixed income securities and limited partnership and common stock returns and improved non-catastrophe current accident year underwriting results. These increases to net income were offset by higher catastrophe losses, unfavorable net prior year loss reserve development and higher investment losses on fixed maturity securities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with the comparable 2022 period. Catastrophe losses were $52 million ($37 million after tax and noncontrolling interests) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with $19 million ($13 million after tax and noncontrolling interests) in the comparable 2022 period.

Results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 were impacted by unfavorable net pension costs related to CNA’s legacy United States of America (“U.S.”) pension plan, primarily due to higher interest cost on projected benefit obligations as a result of an increase in discount rates year over year, as well as a lower expected return on plan assets as a result of a lower plan asset base given actual asset returns in 2022. A portion of this additional cost has resulted in an unfavorable impact on the expense ratio for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

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CNA’s Property & Casualty and Other Insurance Operations

CNA’s commercial property and casualty insurance operations (“Property & Casualty Operations”) include its Specialty, Commercial and International lines of business. CNA’s Other Insurance Operations outside of Property & Casualty Operations include its long term care business that is in run-off, certain corporate expenses, including interest on CNA’s corporate debt, and the results of certain property and casualty businesses in run-off, including CNA Re, asbestos and environmental pollution (“A&EP”), a legacy portfolio of excess workers’ compensation (“EWC”) policies and certain legacy mass tort reserves. We believe the presentation of CNA as one reportable segment is appropriate in accordance with applicable accounting standards on segment reporting. However, for purposes of this discussion and analysis of the results of operations, we provide greater detail with respect to CNA’s Property & Casualty Operations and Other Insurance Operations to enhance the reader’s understanding and to provide further transparency into key drivers of CNA’s financial results.

In assessing its insurance operations, CNA utilizes the core income (loss) financial measure. Core income (loss) is calculated by excluding investment gains or losses from net income (loss). In addition, core income (loss) excludes the effects of noncontrolling interests. The calculation of core income (loss) excludes investment gains or losses because investment gains or losses are generally driven by economic factors that are not necessarily reflective of CNA’s primary insurance operations. Core income (loss) is deemed to be a non-GAAP financial measure and management believes some investors may find this measure useful to evaluate CNA’s insurance operations. Please see the non-GAAP reconciliation of net income (loss) to core income (loss) that follows in this MD&A.

Property & Casualty Operations

In evaluating the results of Property & Casualty Operations, CNA utilizes the loss ratio, the underlying loss ratio, the expense ratio, the dividend ratio, the combined ratio and the underlying combined ratio. These ratios are calculated using GAAP financial results. The loss ratio is the percentage of net incurred claim and claim adjustment expenses to net earned premiums. The underlying loss ratio excludes the impact of catastrophe losses and development-related items from the loss ratio. Development-related items represent net prior year loss reserve and premium development, and includes the effects of interest accretion and change in allowance for uncollectible reinsurance and deductible amounts. The expense ratio is the percentage of insurance underwriting and acquisition expenses, including the amortization of deferred acquisition costs, to net earned premiums. The dividend ratio is the ratio of policyholders’ dividends incurred to net earned premiums. The combined ratio is the sum of the loss, expense and dividend ratios. The underlying combined ratio is the sum of the underlying loss ratio, the expense ratio and the dividend ratio. In addition, renewal premium change, rate, retention and new business are also utilized in evaluating operating trends. Renewal premium change represents the estimated change in average premium on policies that renew, including rate and exposure changes. Rate represents the average change in price on policies that renew excluding exposure change. For certain products within Small Business, where quantifiable, rate includes the influence of new business as well. Exposure represents the measure of risk used in the pricing of the insurance product. The change in exposure represents the change in premium dollars on policies that renew as a result of the change in risk of the policy. Retention represents the percentage of premium dollars renewed, excluding rate and exposure changes, in comparison to the expiring premium dollars from policies available to renew. New business represents premiums from policies written with new customers and additional policies written with existing customers. Gross written premiums, excluding third-party captives, excludes business which is ceded to third-party captives, including business related to large warranty programs. CNA uses underwriting gain (loss), calculated using GAAP financial results, to monitor insurance operations. Underwriting gain (loss) is pretax and is calculated as net earned premiums less total insurance expenses, which includes insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits, amortization of deferred acquisition costs and other insurance related expenses.

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The following tables summarize the results of CNA’s Property & Casualty Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023	Specialty			Commercial			International			Total
(In millions, except %)
Gross written premiums	$	1,780		$	1,442		$	398		$	3,620
Gross written premiums excluding third-party captives	886			1,440			398			2,724
Net written premiums	788			1,188			271			2,247
Net earned premiums	797			1,046			290			2,133
Underwriting gain	80			41			9			130
Net investment income	129			149			23			301
Core income	171			151			24			346
Other performance metrics:
Loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development	58.4		%	61.5		%	57.5		%	59.8		%
Effect of catastrophe impacts				4.2			2.8			2.4
Effect of development-related items							5.1			0.7
Loss ratio	58.4		%	65.7		%	65.4		%	62.9		%
Expense ratio	31.4			29.8			31.8			30.7
Dividend ratio	0.2			0.5						0.3
Combined ratio	90.0		%	96.0		%	97.2		%	93.9		%
Combined ratio excluding catastrophes and development	90.0		%	91.8		%	89.3		%	90.8		%
Rate	2		%	7		%	4		%	5		%
Renewal premium change	4			9			8			7
Retention	88			86			83			86
New business	$	108		$	310		$	85		$	503

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
Gross written premiums	$	1,846		$	1,208		$	363		$	3,417
Gross written premiums excluding third-party captives	885			1,206			363			2,454
Net written premiums	771			1,001			251			2,023
Net earned premiums	772			904			264			1,940
Underwriting gain	88			48			20			156
Net investment income	103			118			14			235
Core income	163			132			26			321
Other performance metrics:
Loss ratio excluding catastrophes and development	58.9		%	61.5		%	58.6		%	60.1		%
Effect of catastrophe impacts				1.8			1.2			1.0
Effect of development-related items	(1.3)									(0.5)
Loss ratio	57.6		%	63.3		%	59.8		%	60.6		%
Expense ratio	30.9			30.7			32.6			31.0
Dividend ratio	0.2			0.5						0.3
Combined ratio	88.7		%	94.5		%	92.4		%	91.9		%
Combined ratio excluding catastrophes and development	90.0		%	92.7		%	91.2		%	91.4		%
Rate	10		%	5		%	9		%	7		%
Renewal premium change	11			8			12			10
Retention	84			87			73			84
New business	$	145		$	228		$	78		$	451

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Gross written premiums, excluding third-party captives, for Specialty for the three months ended March 31, 2023 were largely consistent with the comparable 2022 period. Net written premiums for Specialty increased $17 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with the comparable 2022 period. The increase in net earned premiums for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was consistent with the trend in net written premiums for Specialty.

Gross written premiums for Commercial increased $234 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with the comparable 2022 period driven by higher new business and rate. Net written premiums for Commercial increased $187 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with the comparable 2022 period. The increase in net earned premiums for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was consistent with the trend in net written premiums for Commercial.

Gross written premiums for International increased $35 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with the comparable 2022 period. Excluding the effect of foreign currency exchange rates, gross written premiums increased $55 million driven by retention and higher new business. Net written premiums for International increased $20 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with the comparable 2022 period. Excluding the effect of foreign currency exchange rates, net written premiums increased $35 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with the comparable 2022 period. The increase in net earned premiums for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was consistent with the trend in net written premiums for International.

Core income for Property & Casualty Operations increased $25 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with the comparable 2022 period primarily due to higher net investment income and improved non-catastrophe current accident year underwriting results, partially offset by higher catastrophe losses and unfavorable net prior year loss reserve development.

Total catastrophe losses were $52 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with $19 million for the comparable 2022 period. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, Specialty had no catastrophe losses, Commercial had catastrophe losses of $44 million and $16 million and International had catastrophe losses of $8 million and $3 million.

Unfavorable net prior year loss reserve development of $13 million was recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with favorable net prior year loss reserve development of $12 million recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2022. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, Specialty recorded no net prior year loss reserve development and favorable net prior year loss reserve development of $10 million, Commercial recorded favorable net prior year loss reserve development of $2 million in each period and International recorded unfavorable net prior year loss reserve development of $15 million and no net prior year loss reserve development. Further information on net prior year loss reserve development is included in Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements included under Item 1 of this Report.

Specialty’s combined ratio increased 1.3 points for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with the comparable 2022 period due to a 0.8 point increase in the loss ratio and a 0.5 point increase in the expense ratio. The increase in the loss ratio was primarily driven by no net prior year loss reserve development recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with $10 million of favorable net prior year loss reserve development recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2022, partially offset by improved current accident year underwriting results. The increase in the expense ratio was primarily driven by employee related costs.

Commercial’s combined ratio increased 1.5 points for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with the comparable 2022 period due to a 2.4 point increase in the loss ratio, partially offset by a 0.9 point improvement in the expense ratio. The increase in the loss ratio was driven by higher catastrophe losses, which were 4.2 points of the loss ratio for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared with 1.8 points of the loss ratio in the comparable 2022 period. The improvement in the expense ratio was driven by higher net earned premiums, partially offset by employee related costs.

International’s combined ratio increased 4.8 points for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with the comparable 2022 period due to a 5.6 point increase in the loss ratio, partially offset by a 0.8 point improvement in the expense ratio. The increase in the loss ratio was largely driven by unfavorable net prior period loss reserve development. Catastrophe losses were 2.8 points of the loss ratio for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared with 1.2 points of the loss ratio in the comparable 2022 period. The improvement in the expense ratio was largely driven by higher net earned premiums.

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Other Insurance Operations

The following table summarizes the results of CNA’s Other Insurance Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022
(In millions)
Net earned premiums	$	115	$	120
Net investment income	224		213
Core loss (a)	(21)		(23)

(a) As of January 1, 2023, ASU 2018-12 was adopted using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. Prior period amounts presented in the financial statements have been adjusted to reflect application of the new guidance. Core loss for Other Insurance Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was adjusted by $(18) million as a result of adopting the standard. For additional information see Notes 1 and 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements included under Item 1 of this Report.

Core results for Other Insurance Operations improved $2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with the comparable 2022 period driven by higher net investment income, partially offset by long term care policy buyouts.

Non-GAAP Reconciliation of Net Income Attributable to Loews Corporation to Core Income

The following table reconciles net income attributable to Loews Corporation to core income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022
(In millions)
Net income attributable to Loews Corporation (a)	$	268	$	265
Investment losses	28		3
Consolidating adjustments including noncontrolling interests (a)	29		30
Total core income	$	325	$	298
Core income (loss):
Property & Casualty Operations	$	346	$	321
Other Insurance Operations (a)	(21)		(23)
Total core income	$	325	$	298

(a) As of January 1, 2023, ASU 2018-12 was adopted using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. Prior period amounts presented in the financial statements have been adjusted to reflect application of the new guidance. Core loss for Other Insurance Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was adjusted by $(18) million as a result of adopting the standard. For additional information see Notes 1 and 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements included under Item 1 of this Report.

Boardwalk Pipelines

A significant portion of Boardwalk Pipelines’ revenues is fee-based, being derived from capacity reservation charges under firm agreements with customers, which do not vary significantly period to period, but are impacted by longer term trends in its business such as changes in pricing on contract renewals and other factors. Boardwalk Pipelines’ operating costs and expenses do not vary significantly based upon the amount of products transported, with the exception of costs recorded in fuel and transportation expense, which are netted with fuel retained on our Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations. For further information on Boardwalk Pipelines’ revenue recognition policies see Note 1 of the

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Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Boardwalk Pipelines’ operations and maintenance expenses are impacted by its compliance with the requirements of, among other regulations, the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration Mega Rule (“Mega Rule”) and Boardwalk Pipelines’ efforts to monitor, control and reduce emissions, as further discussed in Results of Operations of our MD&A included under Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The following table summarizes the results of operations for Boardwalk Pipelines for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, as presented in Note 11 of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements included under Item 1 of this Report. Boardwalk Pipelines also utilizes a non-GAAP measure, earnings before interest, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) as a financial measure to assess its operating and financial performance and return on invested capital. Management believes some investors may find this measure useful in evaluating Boardwalk Pipelines’ performance.

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022
(In millions)
Revenues:
Operating revenues and other	$	397	$	381
Total	397		381
Expenses:
Operating and other:
Operating costs and expenses	141		123
Depreciation and amortization	101		94
Interest	39		42
Total	281		259
Income before income tax	116		122
Income tax expense	(30)		(31)
Net income attributable to Loews Corporation	$	86	$	91
EBITDA	$	256	$	258

Net income attributable to Loews Corporation and EBITDA decreased $5 million and $2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with the comparable 2022 period primarily due to the reasons discussed below.

Total revenues increased $16 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with the comparable 2022 period. Including fuel and transportation expense, operating revenues increased $13 million, primarily driven by an increase in transportation revenues of $20 million due to re-contracting at higher rates and recently completed growth projects, as well as a $3 million increase in storage and parking and lending revenues due to favorable market conditions, partially offset by product sales that occurred in 2022.

Operating costs and expenses increased $18 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with the comparable 2022 period. Excluding expenses offset with operating revenues, operating costs and expenses increased $15 million, primarily due to increased costs of $10 million from increased maintenance projects associated with the requirements of the Mega Rule and higher employee-related, materials and supplies and outside services costs.

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased $7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with the comparable 2022 period due to an increased asset base from recently completed growth projects and a change in the estimated life of certain assets.

Interest expenses decreased $3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with the comparable 2022 period, primarily due to lower average outstanding long-term debt.

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Non-GAAP Reconciliation of Net Income Attributable to Loews Corporation to EBITDA

The following table reconciles net income attributable to Loews Corporation to EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022
(In millions)
Net income attributable to Loews Corporation	$	86	$	91
Income tax expense	30		31
Depreciation and amortization	101		94
Interest	39		42
EBITDA	$	256	$	258

Loews Hotels & Co

The following table summarizes the results of operations for Loews Hotels & Co for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, as presented in Note 11 of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements included under Item 1 of this Report.

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022
(In millions)
Revenues:
Operating revenue	$	155	$	123
Revenues related to reimbursable expenses	37		29
Total	192		152
Expenses:
Operating and other:
Operating	130		108
Reimbursable expenses	37		29
Depreciation and amortization expense	16		15
Equity income from joint ventures	(31)		(26)
Interest	6		4
Total	158		130
Income before income tax	34		22
Income tax expense	(10)		(7)
Net income attributable to Loews Corporation	$	24	$	15

Net income attributable to Loews Corporation increased by $9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with the comparable 2022 period primarily due to the reasons discussed below.

Operating revenues improved by $32 million and operating expenses increased by $22 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with the comparable 2022 period. The increase in operating revenues was driven by stronger occupancy levels and higher average daily rates at many hotels in 2023 as compared with the comparable 2022 period. Occupancy levels in the first quarter of 2022 were negatively impacted by COVID variants. Operating expenses have likewise increased to support the higher demand levels.

Equity income from joint ventures improved $5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with the comparable 2022 period. The increase was driven by stronger occupancy levels and higher average daily room rates at

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many joint venture hotels, particularly at the Universal Orlando Resort, during the first quarter of 2023 as compared with the comparable 2022 period. Occupancy levels in the first quarter of 2022 were negatively impacted by COVID variants. This was offset by both operating expenses that have likewise increased, largely due to higher staffing levels to support the higher demand levels, and higher interest costs from joint ventures.

Interest expense increased $2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with the comparable 2022 period due primarily to the decrease in fair value of interest rate caps.

Corporate

Corporate operations consist primarily of investment income, interest expense and administrative costs at the Parent Company. Investment income includes earnings on cash and short term investments held at the Parent Company to meet current and future liquidity needs, as well as results of the trading portfolio held at the Parent Company. Corporate also includes the equity method of accounting for Altium Packaging.

The following table summarizes the results of operations for Corporate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 as presented in Note 11 of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements included under Item 1 of this Report:

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022
(In millions)
Revenues:
Net investment income (loss)	$	42	$	(16)
Total	42		(16)
Expenses:
Operating and other	19		21
Equity method loss	3		1
Interest	22		22
Total	44		44
Loss before income tax	(2)		(60)
Income tax (expense) benefit	(1)		11
Net loss attributable to Loews Corporation	$	(3)	$	(49)

Net investment income for the Parent Company was $42 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with net investment loss of $16 million in the comparable 2022 period primarily due to improved results from short term investments and the increase in fair value of equity based investments in the trading portfolio.

The Company expects to record approximately $50 million in Operating and other expenses in 2023 to recognize unrealized losses which are included in AOCI due to the planned termination of a non-contributory defined benefit plan.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Parent Company

Parent Company cash and investments, net of receivables and payables, totaled $3.1 billion at March 31, 2023 as compared to $3.2 billion at December 31, 2022. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we received $395 million in cash dividends from CNA, including a special cash dividend of $293 million. Cash outflows during the three months ended March 31, 2023 included the payment of $462 million to fund treasury stock purchases, $14 million of cash dividends to our shareholders and an equity contribution of $5 million to Loews Hotels & Co. As a holding company we depend on dividends from our subsidiaries and returns on our investment portfolio to fund our obligations. We also have an effective shelf registration statement on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) registering the future sale of an unspecified amount of our debt, equity or hybrid securities from time to time. We are not responsible for the liabilities and obligations of our subsidiaries and there are no Parent Company guarantees.

Depending on market and other conditions, we may purchase shares of our and our subsidiaries outstanding common stock in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. During the three months ended March 31, 2023,

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we purchased 8.2 million shares of Loews Corporation common stock. As of April 28, 2023, there were 227,898,186 shares of Loews Corporation common stock outstanding.

In May of 2023, we plan to retire at maturity with available cash the $500 million outstanding aggregate principal amount of our 2.6% senior notes.

Future uses of our cash may include investing in our subsidiaries, new acquisitions, dividends and/or repurchases of our and our subsidiaries’ outstanding common stock. The declaration and payment of future dividends to holders of our common stock will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on many factors, including our earnings, financial condition and business needs.

Subsidiaries

CNA’s cash provided by operating activities was $436 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and $645 million for the comparable 2022 period. The decrease in cash provided by operating activities was driven by higher net claim payments, including long term care policy buyouts, and lower distributions from limited partnerships, partially offset by an increase in premiums collected.

CNA paid cash dividends of $1.62 per share on its common stock, including a special cash dividend of $1.20 per share, during the three months ended March 31, 2023. On April 28, 2023, CNA’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.42 per share payable June 1, 2023 to shareholders of record on May 15, 2023. CNA’s declaration and payment of future dividends is at the discretion of its Board of Directors and will depend on many factors, including CNA’s earnings, financial condition, business needs and regulatory constraints. CNA believes that its present cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities are sufficient to fund its current and expected working capital and debt obligation needs and does not expect this to change in the near term.

Dividends to CNA from Continental Casualty Company (“CCC”), a subsidiary of CNA, are subject to the insurance holding company laws of the State of Illinois, the domiciliary state of CCC. Under these laws, ordinary dividends, or dividends that do not require prior approval by the Illinois Department of Insurance (the “Department”), are determined based on the greater of the prior year’s statutory net income or 10% of statutory surplus as of the end of the prior year, as well as the timing and amount of dividends paid in the preceding 12 months. Additionally, ordinary dividends may only be paid from earned surplus, which is calculated by removing unrealized gains from unassigned surplus. As of March 31, 2023, CCC was in a positive earned surplus position. CCC paid dividends of $475 million and $535 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. The actual level of dividends paid in any year is determined after an assessment of available dividend capacity, holding company liquidity and cash needs as well as the impact the dividends will have on the statutory surplus of the applicable insurance company.

CNA has an effective shelf registration statement on file with the SEC under which it may publicly issue an unspecified amount of debt, equity or hybrid securities from time to time.

Boardwalk Pipelines’ cash provided by operating activities increased $5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with the comparable 2022 period, primarily due to changes in net income adjusted for depreciation and amortization and other non-cash operating activities and the impacts of lower natural gas prices on Boardwalk Pipelines’ imbalance activities.

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, Boardwalk Pipelines’ capital expenditures were $86 million and $60 million, consisting of growth capital expenditures of $59 million and $35 million and maintenance capital expenditures of $27 million and $18 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, Boardwalk Pipelines also spent $7 million on natural gas to be used in its integrated natural gas pipeline system in the 2022 period.

Boardwalk Pipelines anticipates that its existing capital resources, including its cash on hand, revolving credit facility and cash flows from operating activities, will be adequate to fund its operations and capital expenditures for 2023. Boardwalk Pipelines also has an effective shelf registration statement on file with the SEC under which it has $500 million of remaining capacity available to publicly issue debt securities, warrants or rights. As of March 31, 2023, Boardwalk Pipelines had available the entire $1.0 billion of borrowing capacity under its revolving credit facility.

As of March 31, 2023, Loews Hotels & Co, through its subsidiaries, has $164 million in variable rate mortgage loans that mature within twelve months, which it currently intends to refinance before maturity. Extending any indebtedness, including loans of unconsolidated joint venture partnerships, one of which has $367 million in indebtedness that matures within twelve months of which Loews Hotels & Co has guaranteed up to $46 million, may require Loews Hotels & Co to make principal pay downs, establish restricted cash reserves or provide guaranties of the subsidiary’s debt. Through the date of this Report, all Loews Hotels & Co’s subsidiaries are in compliance with their debt covenants.

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Through April 28, 2023, Loews Hotels & Co received a capital contribution of $30 million from Loews Corporation to fund development projects during 2023.

INVESTMENTS

Investment activities of our non-insurance subsidiaries primarily consist of investments in fixed income securities, including short term investments. The Parent Company portfolio also includes equity securities, including short sales and derivative instruments. Certain of these types of Parent Company investments generally have greater volatility, less liquidity and greater risk than fixed income investments and are included within Results of Operations – Corporate.

The Parent Company enters into short sales and invests in certain derivative instruments that are used for asset and liability management activities, income enhancements to its portfolio management strategy and to benefit from anticipated future movements in the underlying markets. If such movements do not occur as anticipated, then significant losses may occur. Monitoring procedures include senior management review of daily reports of existing positions and valuation fluctuations to seek to ensure that open positions are consistent with the portfolio strategy.

Credit exposure associated with non-performance by counterparties to derivative instruments is generally limited to the uncollateralized change in fair value of the derivative instruments recognized in the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets. The risk of non-performance is mitigated by monitoring the creditworthiness of counterparties and diversifying derivatives by using multiple counterparties. Collateral is occasionally required from derivative investment counterparties depending on the amount of the exposure and the credit rating of the counterparty.

Insurance

CNA maintains a large portfolio of fixed maturity and equity securities, including large amounts of corporate and government issued debt securities, residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities, other asset-backed securities and investments in limited partnerships which pursue a variety of long and short investment strategies across a broad array of asset classes. CNA’s investment portfolio supports its obligation to pay future insurance claims and provides investment returns which are an important part of CNA’s overall profitability.

Net Investment Income

The significant components of CNA’s net investment income are presented in the following table. Fixed income securities, as presented, include both fixed maturity securities and non-redeemable preferred stock.

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022
(In millions)
Fixed income securities:
Taxable fixed income securities	$	430	$	368
Tax-exempt fixed income securities	49		73
Total fixed income securities	479		441
Limited partnership and common stock investments	28		8
Other, net of investment expense	18		(1)
Net investment income	$	525	$	448

Effective income yield for the fixed income securities portfolio	4.6	%	4.3	%
Limited partnership and common stock return	1.3	%	0.4	%

CNA’s net investment income increased $77 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with the comparable 2022 period, driven by higher income from fixed income securities and other, and higher limited partnership and common stock returns.

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Investment Gains (Losses)

The components of CNA’s investment gains (losses) are presented in the following table:

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022
(In millions)
Investment gains (losses):
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate and other bonds	$	(23)	$	3
States, municipalities and political subdivisions	10		3
Asset-backed	(9)		(8)
Total fixed maturity securities	(22)		(2)
Non-redeemable preferred stock	(14)		(38)
Derivatives, short term and other	1		29
Total investment losses	(35)		(11)
Income tax benefit	7		8
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	3
Investment losses attributable to Loews Corporation	$	(25)	$	(3)

CNA’s pretax investment results decreased $24 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared with the comparable 2022 period, driven by higher net losses on fixed maturity securities partially offset by the favorable relative change in fair value of non-redeemable preferred stock in the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to the comparable 2022 period. The three months ended March 31, 2022 also included gains on a funds withheld embedded derivative which related to a coinsurance agreement on CNA’s legacy annuity business that was novated in the fourth quarter of 2022.

Further information on CNA’s investment gains and losses is set forth in Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements included under Item 1 of this Report.

Portfolio Quality

The following table presents the estimated fair value and net unrealized gains (losses) of CNA’s fixed maturity securities by rating distribution:

	March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Estimated Fair Value		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses)		Estimated Fair Value		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses)
(In millions)
U.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprises	$	2,481	$	(300)	$	2,419	$	(336)
AAA	2,420		(160)		2,398		(208)
AA	6,410		(473)		6,342		(663)
A	9,413		(342)		9,043		(531)
BBB	16,509		(1,090)		15,651		(1,447)
Non-investment grade	1,874		(186)		1,774		(219)
Total	$	39,107	$	(2,551)	$	37,627	$	(3,404)

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As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, 1% of CNA’s fixed maturity portfolio was rated internally. AAA rated securities included $0.3 billion of pre-funded municipal bonds as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

The following table presents CNA’s available-for-sale fixed maturity securities in a gross unrealized loss position by ratings distribution:

March 31, 2023	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
(In millions)
U.S. Government, Government agencies and  Government-sponsored enterprises	$	2,357	$	302
AAA	1,424		260
AA	4,053		670
A	6,440		619
BBB	12,651		1,360
Non-investment grade	1,341		207
Total	$	28,266	$	3,418

The following table presents the maturity profile for these available-for-sale fixed maturity securities. Securities not due to mature on a single date are allocated based on weighted average life:

March 31, 2023	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
(In millions)
Due in one year or less	$	852	$	23
Due after one year through five years	8,096		525
Due after five years through ten years	9,870		1,291
Due after ten years	9,448		1,579
Total	$	28,266	$	3,418

Commercial Real Estate

CNA’s investment portfolio has exposure to the commercial real estate sector primarily through its fixed maturity securities and mortgage loan portfolios. The performance of these assets is dependent on a number of factors, including the performance of the underlying collateral (which is influenced by cash flows from underlying property leases), changes in the fair value of collateral, refinancing risk, and the creditworthiness of tenants of credit tenant loan properties (where lease payments directly service the loan).

Within CNA’s fixed maturity securities portfolio, its exposure is primarily through the commercial mortgage-backed securities portfolio and the corporate and other bonds portfolio, which contains obligations of real estate investment trust (“REIT”) issuers. Commercial mortgage-backed securities include both single asset, single borrower collateral that is securitized independently and conduit collateral that is securitized in diversified pools.

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The following tables present the estimated fair value and net unrealized gains (losses) of CNA’s commercial mortgage-backed securities by property type and by ratings distribution:

March 31, 2023	Estimated Fair Value		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses)
(In millions)
Commercial mortgage-backed:
Single asset, single borrower:
Office	$	323	$	(67)
Retail	304		(40)
Lodging	201		(22)
Industrial	84		(7)
Multifamily	53		(4)
Total single asset, single borrower	965		(140)
Conduits (multi property, multi borrower pools)	666		(97)
Total commercial mortgage-backed	$	1,631	$	(237)

March 31, 2023	Estimated Fair Value		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses)
(In millions)
Commercial mortgage backed:
AAA	$	367	$	(29)
AA	630		(97)
A	214		(34)
BBB	283		(51)
Non-investment grade	137		(26)
Total commercial mortgage-backed	$	1,631	$	(237)

The following tables present the estimated fair value and net unrealized gains (losses) of the REIT issuer exposure within CNA’s corporate and other bonds portfolio by property type and by ratings distribution:

March 31, 2023	Estimated Fair Value		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses)
(In millions)
Corporate and other bonds - REITs:
Retail	$	452	$	(43)
Office	261		(30)
Industrial	85		(3)
Other (a)	418		(34)
Total corporate and other bonds - REITs	$	1,216	$	(110)

(a) Other includes a diversified mix of property type strategies including self-storage, healthcare and apartments.

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March 31, 2023	Estimated Fair Value		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses)
(In millions)
Corporate and other bonds - REITs:
AA	$	11	$	(1)
A	239		(10)
BBB	948		(97)
Non-investment grade	18		(2)
Total corporate and other bonds - REITs	$	1,216	$	(110)

Mortgage loans are commercial in nature and are carried at unpaid principal balance, net of unamortized fees and an allowance for expected credit losses. The allowance for expected credit losses is developed by assessing the credit quality of pools of mortgage loans in good standing using debt service coverage ratios (“DSCR”) and loan-to-value ratios (“LTV”). This assessment utilizes historical credit loss experience adjusted to reflect current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. As of March 31, 2023 the allowance for expected credit losses on CNA’s mortgage portfolio was $24 million, or 2% of its amortized cost basis.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of mortgage loans by property type:

March 31, 2023	Amortized Cost		Percentage of Total
(In millions, except %)
Mortgage loans:
Retail	$	461	44	%
Office	263		26
Industrial	119		12
Other	187		18
Total mortgage loans	$	1,030	100	%

In addition to the mortgage loan portfolio, CNA invests in securitized credit tenant loans and ground lease financings that are classified as fixed maturity securities, all of which are investment grade quality. As of March 31, 2023, these holdings had an estimated fair value of $484 million and net unrealized losses of $82 million.

CNA owns other fixed maturity securities which have exposure to cell towers, data centers and other collateral types that could be viewed as having real estate characteristics. CNA views these securities to have risks more similar to operating enterprises that do not share the same risks as the broader commercial real estate market.

CNA does not hold any direct investments in commercial real estate. Additionally, CNA does not have significant exposure through its limited partnership portfolio to funds whose primary strategy is real estate focused.

Duration

A primary objective in the management of CNA’s investment portfolio is to optimize return relative to the corresponding liabilities and respective liquidity needs. CNA’s views on the current interest rate environment, tax regulations, asset class valuations, specific security issuer and broader industry segment conditions as well as domestic and global economic conditions, are some of the factors that enter into an investment decision. CNA also continually monitors exposure to issuers of securities held and broader industry sector exposures and may from time to time adjust such exposures based on its views of a specific issuer or industry sector.

A further consideration in the management of CNA’s investment portfolio is the characteristics of the corresponding liabilities and the ability to align the duration of the portfolio to those liabilities and to meet future liquidity needs,

51

minimize interest rate risk and maintain a level of income sufficient to support the underlying insurance liabilities. For portfolios where future liability cash flows are determinable and typically long term in nature, CNA segregates investments for asset/liability management purposes. The segregated investments support the long term care and structured settlement liabilities in Other Insurance Operations. The effective durations of CNA’s fixed income securities and short term investments are presented in the following table. Amounts presented are net of payable and receivable amounts for securities purchased and sold, but not yet settled.

	March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
	Estimated Fair Value		Effective Duration (Years)	Estimated Fair Value		Effective Duration (Years)
(In millions of dollars)
Investments supporting Other Insurance Operations	$	14,990	10.1	$	14,511	9.9
Other investments	25,759		4.8	25,445		4.7
Total	$	40,749	6.8	$	39,956	6.6

CNA’s investment portfolio is periodically analyzed for changes in duration and related price risk. Certain securities have duration characteristics that are variable based on market interest rates, credit spreads and other factors that may drive variability in the amount and timing of cash flows. Additionally, CNA periodically reviews the sensitivity of the portfolio to the level of foreign exchange rates and other factors that contribute to market price changes. A summary of these risks and specific analysis on changes is included in the Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk included under Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

Certain accounting policies require us to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reflected in the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements. Such estimates and judgments necessarily involve varying, and possibly significant, degrees of uncertainty. Accordingly, certain amounts currently recorded or disclosed in the financial statements will likely be adjusted in the future based on new available information and changes in other facts and circumstances. See the Critical Accounting Estimates for accounting estimates related to Reinsurance and Insurance Receivables, Valuation of Investments and Impairment of Securities, and the Insurance Reserves sections of our MD&A in Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 for further information.

The information presented below restates in their entirety, as a result of the adoption of ASU 2018-12 and its impact on long term care reserves, the accounting estimates related to Insurance Reserves and Long Term Care Reserves included in the Critical Accounting Estimates section of our MD&A in Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Further information on the long term care reserving process under the new guidance is included in Notes 1 and 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements included under Item 1 of this Report.

Insurance Reserves

Insurance reserves are established for both short and long-duration insurance contracts. Short-duration contracts are primarily related to property and casualty insurance policies where the reserving process is based on actuarial estimates of the amount of loss, including amounts for known and unknown claims. Long-duration contracts are primarily related to long term care policies and the reserves are recorded as Future policy benefits reserves as discussed below. The reserve for unearned premiums represents the portion of premiums written related to the unexpired terms of coverage. The reserving process is discussed in further detail in the Insurance Reserves section of our MD&A in Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Long Term Care Reserves

Future policy benefits reserves for long term care policies are based on certain assumptions, including morbidity, persistency (inclusive of mortality), future premium rate increases and expenses. The adequacy of the reserves is contingent upon actual experience and future expectations related to these key assumptions. If actual or expected future experience differs from these assumptions, the reserves may not be adequate, requiring an increase to reserves. The reserves are

52

discounted using upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yields as of each reporting date. In addition, regulatory approval may not be received for the level of premium rate increases requested.

These changes to reserves could materially adversely impact our results of operations, financial condition and equity.

ACCOUNTING STANDARDS UPDATE

In August 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2018-12. The updated accounting guidance requires changes to the measurement and disclosure of long-duration contracts. For the Company, this includes CNA’s long term care business in Other Insurance Operations. For a discussion of accounting standards updates that have been adopted, please read Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements included under Item 1 of this Report.

As of January 1, 2023, the Company adopted the new guidance using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. All prior periods to be presented in the 2023 financial statements have been adjusted to reflect the application of the new guidance.

The following table presents the effect of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on selected 2022 and 2021 financial data.

	2022										2021
	Q1		Q2		Q3		Q4		Full Year		Full Year
(In millions, except per share data)
Components of Income (Loss)
Net income (loss) attributable to   Loews Corporation
As reported	$	338	$	180	$	130	$	364	$	1,012	$	1,578
Effect of adoption	(16)		(13)		(152)		(9)		(190)		(16)
As adjusted	$	322	$	167	$	(22)	$	355	$	822	$	1,562
Other comprehensive income (loss)
As reported	$	(1,605)	$	(1,405)	$	(1,425)	$	577	$	(3,858)	$	(445)
Effect of adoption	603		627		586		(177)		1,639		660
As adjusted	$	(1,002)	$	(778)	$	(839)	$	400	$	(2,219)	$	215
Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per Share
Net income (loss) attributable to   Loews Corporation
As reported	$	1.36	$	0.73	$	0.54	$	1.53	$	4.16	$	6.07
Effect of adoption	(0.07)		(0.05)		(0.63)		(0.04)		(0.78)		(0.07)
As adjusted	$	1.29	$	0.68	$	(0.09)	$	1.49	$	3.38	$	6.00

Net income (loss) attributable to Loews Corporation for 2022 decreased from what was previously reported generally driven by the cumulative effect of assumption differences and differences in reserving methodologies between legacy accounting guidance and ASU 2018-12.

Net income (loss) attributable to Loews Corporation for the third quarter of 2022 decreased $152 million from what was previously reported under legacy accounting guidance, primarily related to CNA’s third quarter 2022 annual review of cash flow reserving assumptions. Under legacy accounting guidance, the third quarter 2022 gross premium valuation assessment indicated a pretax margin of $125 million and no unlocking event occurred. Under ASU 2018-12 favorable changes to the upper-medium grade fixed income instrument discount rate were recorded through Accumulated other comprehensive income quarterly, while the net unfavorable impact of increased cost of care inflation offset by favorable premium rate action assumptions was recorded in income.

53

Other comprehensive loss decreased from what was previously reported driven by increases in the upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yield beginning in 2021 and through 2022, which was used as the discount rate to re-measure the LFPB.

The following table presents the effect of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on selected 2022 and 2021 balance sheet data.

	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
(In millions)
Total assets
As reported	$	75,494	$	81,626
Effect of adoption	73
As adjusted	$	75,567	$	81,626
Insurance reserves:
Claim and claim adjustment expenses
As reported	$	25,099	$	24,174
Effect of adoption	(2,979)		(2,905)
As adjusted	$	22,120	$	21,269
Future policy benefits
As reported	$	10,151	$	13,236
Effect of adoption	3,329		5,062
As adjusted	$	13,480	$	18,298
Total liabilities
As reported	$	60,016	$	62,451
Effect of adoption	350		1,704
As adjusted	$	60,366	$	64,155
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
As reported	$	(3,284)	$	186
Effect of adoption	(36)		(1,506)
As adjusted	$	(3,320)	$	(1,320)
Total equity
As reported	$	15,478	$	19,175
Effect of adoption	(277)		(1,704)
As adjusted	$	15,201	$	17,471

54

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Investors are cautioned that certain statements contained in this Report as well as in other of our and our subsidiaries’ SEC filings and periodic press releases and certain oral statements made by us and our subsidiaries and our and their officials during presentations may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “Act”). Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, any statement that does not directly relate to any historical or current fact and may project, indicate or imply future results, events, performance or achievements. Such statements may contain the words “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will likely result,” and similar expressions. In addition, any statement concerning future financial performance (including future revenues, earnings or growth rates), ongoing business strategies or prospects, and possible actions taken by us or our subsidiaries are also forward-looking statements as defined by the Act. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and projections about future events and are inherently subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated or projected.

Developments in any of the risks or uncertainties facing us or our subsidiaries, including those described under Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 and in our and our subsidiaries’ other filings with the SEC, could cause our and our subsidiaries’ results to differ materially from results that have been or may be anticipated or projected. Given these risks and uncertainties, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made and we and our subsidiaries expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to update these statements to reflect any change in expectations or beliefs or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any forward-looking statement is based.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

There were no material changes in our market risk components as of March 31, 2023 from those discussed in the Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk section included under Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Additional information related to portfolio duration and market conditions is discussed in the Investments section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included under Part I, Item 2.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

The Company maintains a system of disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), which is designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act, including this Report, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported on a timely basis. These disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management on a timely basis to allow decisions regarding required disclosure.

The Company’s management, including the Company’s principal executive officer (“CEO”) and principal financial officer (“CFO”) conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Report and, based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2023.

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2023 that have materially affected or that are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

Information on our legal proceedings is set forth in Note 9 to the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1.

55

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 includes a discussion of material risk factors facing the Company. There have been no material changes to such risk factors as of the date of this Report.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Items 2 (a) and (b) are inapplicable.

(c) STOCK REPURCHASES

Period	(a) Total number of shares purchased	(b) Average price paid per share		(c) Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs	(d) Maximum number of shares (or approximate dollar value) of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (in millions)
January 1, 2023 - January 31, 2023	913,466	$	59.04	N/A	N/A
February 1, 2023 - February 28, 2023	3,561,707	61.55		N/A	N/A
March 1, 2023 - March 31, 2023	3,698,477	56.26		N/A	N/A

56

Item 6. Exhibits.

Description of Exhibit	Exhibit Number
Certification by the Chief Executive Officer of the Company pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a)	31.1*
Certification by the Chief Financial Officer of the Company pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a)	31.2*
Certification by the Chief Executive Officer of the Company pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 (as adopted by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002)	32.1*
Certification by the Chief Financial Officer of the Company pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 (as adopted by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002)	32.2*
XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document	101.INS *
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema	101.SCH *
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase	101.CAL *
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase	101.DEF *
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase	101.LAB *
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase	101.PRE *
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)	104*

*Filed herewith.

57

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, hereunto duly authorized.

	LOEWS CORPORATION
	(Registrant)
Dated: May 1, 2023	By:	/s/ Jane J. Wang
		JANE J. WANG
		Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Duly authorized officer and principal financial officer)

58

EX-31.01

Exhibit 31.01

I, James S. Tisch, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Loews Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 1, 2023	By:	/s/ James S. Tisch
		JAMES S. TISCH
		Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.02

Exhibit 31.02

I, Jane J. Wang, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Loews Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 1, 2023	By:	/s/ Jane J. Wang
		JANE J. WANG
		Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.01

Exhibit 32.01

Certification by the Chief Executive Officer

of Loews Corporation pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350

(as adopted by Section 906 of the

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002)

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, the undersigned chief executive officer of Loews Corporation (the “Company”) hereby certifies, to such officer’s knowledge, that the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: May 1, 2023	By:	/s/ James S. Tisch
		JAMES S. TISCH
		Chief Executive Officer

EX-32.02

Exhibit 32.02

Certification by the Chief Financial Officer

of Loews Corporation pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350

(as adopted by Section 906 of the

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002)

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, the undersigned chief financial officer of Loews Corporation (the “Company”) hereby certifies, to such officer’s knowledge, that the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: May 1, 2023	By:	/s/ Jane J. Wang
		JANE J. WANG
		Chief Financial Officer

XML

COVER - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Apr. 28, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	1-06541
Entity Registrant Name	LOEWS CORP
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	13-2646102
Entity Address, Address Line One	667 Madison Avenue
Entity Address, City or Town	New York
Entity Address, State or Province	NY
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	10065-8087
City Area Code	212
Local Phone Number	521-2000
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock, par value $0.01 per share
Trading Symbol	L
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		227,898,186
Entity Central Index Key	0000060086
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1

XML

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Investments:
Fixed maturities, amortized cost of $41,899 and $41,102, less allowance for credit loss of $2 and $1	$ 39,349	$ 37,697
Equity securities, cost of $1,082 and $1,161	1,057	1,139
Limited partnership investments	2,011	1,954
Other invested assets, primarily mortgage loans, less allowance for credit loss of $24 and $24	1,093	1,124
Short term investments	4,079	4,854
Total investments	47,589	46,768
Cash	594	532
Receivables	9,416	9,403
Property, plant and equipment	10,098	10,027
Goodwill	346	346
Deferred non-insurance warranty acquisition expenses	3,671	3,671
Deferred acquisition costs of insurance subsidiaries	852	806
Other assets	3,994	4,014
Total assets	76,560	75,567
Insurance reserves:
Claim and claim adjustment expense	22,409	22,120
Future policy benefits	13,976	13,480
Unearned premiums	6,581	6,374
Total insurance reserves	42,966	41,974
Payable to brokers	220	133
Short term debt	908	854
Long term debt	8,150	8,165
Deferred income taxes	251	243
Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue	4,710	4,714
Other liabilities	4,041	4,283
Total liabilities	61,246	60,366
Commitments and contingent liabilities
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.10 par value: Authorized – 100,000,000 shares
Common stock, $0.01 par value, Authorized- 1,800,000,000 shares, Issued – 236,270,711 and 236,159,866 shares	2	2
Additional paid-in capital	2,716	2,748
Retained earnings	15,293	14,931
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(3,062)	(3,320)
Shareholders' equity before treasury stock, total	14,949	14,361
Less treasury stock, at cost (8,372,525 and 198,875 shares)	(498)	(12)
Total shareholders’ equity	14,451	14,349
Noncontrolling interests	863	852
Total equity	15,314	15,201
Total liabilities and equity	$ 76,560	$ 75,567

XML

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Investments:
Fixed maturities, amortized cost	$ 41,899	$ 41,102
Fixed maturities, allowance for credit loss	2	1
Equity securities, cost	1,082	1,161
Other invested assets, primarily mortgage loans, allowance for credit loss	$ 24	$ 24
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.10	$ 0.10
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	1,800,000,000	1,800,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	236,270,711	236,159,866
Treasury stock, shares (in shares)	8,372,525	198,875

XML

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Revenues:
Insurance premiums	$ 2,248	$ 2,059
Net investment income	569	432
Investment losses	(35)	(11)
Non-insurance warranty revenue	407	382
Operating revenues and other	594	540
Total	3,783	3,402
Expenses:
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits (re-measurement gain of $1 and $5)	1,653	1,478
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	379	344
Non-insurance warranty expense	384	354
Operating expenses and other	781	716
Equity method income	(28)	(25)
Interest	95	96
Total	3,264	2,963
Income before income tax	519	439
Income tax expense	(115)	(87)
Net income	404	352
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	(29)	(30)
Net income attributable to Loews Corporation	$ 375	$ 322
Basic net income per share (in dollars per share)	$ 1.61	$ 1.30
Diluted net income per share (in dollars per share)	$ 1.61	$ 1.29
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Shares of common stock (in shares)	233,300	247,970
Dilutive potential shares of common stock (in shares)	320	510
Total weighted average shares outstanding assuming dilution (in shares)	233,620	248,480

XML

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Income Statement [Abstract]
Re-measurement gain of insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits	$ 1	$ 5

XML

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 404	$ 352
Other comprehensive income (loss), after tax
Net unrealized losses on investments with an allowance for credit losses	(8)	(4)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments	670	(2,643)
Total unrealized gains (losses) on investments	662	(2,647)
Impact of changes in discount rates used to measure long-duration contract liabilities	(396)	1,635
Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges	(2)	18
Pension and postretirement benefits	9	7
Foreign currency translation	16	(15)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	289	(1,002)
Comprehensive income (loss)	693	(650)
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	(60)	76
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Loews Corporation	$ 633	$ (574)

XML

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Millions	Total	As Reported	Effect of Adoption	Common Stock	Common Stock As Reported	Additional Paid-in Capital	Additional Paid-in Capital As Reported	Retained Earnings	Retained Earnings As Reported	Retained Earnings Effect of Adoption	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) As Reported	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Effect of Adoption	Common Stock Held in Treasury	Common Stock Held in Treasury As Reported	Noncontrolling Interests	Noncontrolling Interests As Reported	Noncontrolling Interests Effect of Adoption
Balance at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 17,471	$ 19,175	$ (1,704)	$ 2	$ 2	$ 2,885	$ 2,885	$ 14,754	$ 14,776	$ (22)	$ (1,320)	$ 186	$ (1,506)	$ (3)	$ (3)	$ 1,153	$ 1,329	$ (176)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	352	370	(18)					322								30
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,002)	(1,605)	603								(896)					(106)
Dividends paid	(84)							(16)
Dividends paid																(68)
Purchase of subsidiary stock from noncontrolling interests	(21)					(1)										(20)
Purchases of Loews Corporation treasury stock	(129)													(129)
Stock-based compensation	(10)					(25)										15
Other	(1)							(1)
Balance at end of period at Mar. 31, 2022	16,576			2		2,859		15,059			(2,216)			(132)		1,004
Balance at beginning of period at Dec. 31, 2022	15,201	$ 15,478	$ (277)	2	$ 2	2,748	$ 2,748	14,931	$ 15,144	$ (213)	(3,320)	$ (3,284)	$ (36)	(12)	$ (12)	852	$ 880	$ (28)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	404							375								29
Other comprehensive income (loss)	289										258					31
Dividends paid	(59)							(15)
Dividends paid																(44)
Purchase of subsidiary stock from noncontrolling interests	(24)															(24)
Purchases of Loews Corporation treasury stock	(486)													(486)
Stock-based compensation	(4)					(26)										22
Other	(7)					(6)		2								(3)
Balance at end of period at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 15,314			$ 2		$ 2,716		$ 15,293			$ (3,062)			$ (498)		$ 863

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CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Dividends paid (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0625	$ 0.0625

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CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Operating Activities:
Net income	$ 404	$ 352
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities, net	204	328
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net:
Receivables	5	(28)
Deferred acquisition costs	(45)	(31)
Insurance reserves	432	512
Other assets	(85)	(134)
Other liabilities	(238)	(202)
Trading securities	42	(374)
Net cash flow provided by operating activities	719	423
Investing Activities:
Purchases of fixed maturities	(2,258)	(2,547)
Proceeds from sales of fixed maturities	1,414	803
Proceeds from maturities of fixed maturities	317	916
Purchases of equity securities	(82)	(75)
Proceeds from sales of equity securities	62	77
Purchases of limited partnership investments	(116)	(85)
Proceeds from sales of limited partnership investments	75	113
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(159)	(121)
Change in short term investments	647	696
Other, net	(34)	36
Net cash flow used by investing activities	(134)	(187)
Financing Activities:
Dividends paid	(15)	(16)
Dividends paid to noncontrolling interests	(44)	(68)
Purchases of Loews Corporation treasury stock	(462)	(132)
Purchases of subsidiary stock from noncontrolling interests	(24)	(21)
Principal payments on debt	(1)	(300)
Issuance of debt	37	495
Other, net	(15)	(14)
Net cash flow used by financing activities	(524)	(56)
Effect of foreign exchange rate on cash	1	(3)
Net change in cash	62	177
Cash, beginning of period	532	621
Cash, end of period	$ 594	$ 798

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Basis of Presentation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

Loews Corporation is a holding company. Its consolidated operating subsidiaries are engaged in the following lines of business: commercial property and casualty insurance (CNA Financial Corporation (“CNA”), a 90.0% owned subsidiary); transportation and storage of natural gas and natural gas liquids (Boardwalk Pipeline Partners, LP (“Boardwalk Pipelines”), a wholly owned subsidiary) and the operation of a chain of hotels (Loews Hotels Holding Corporation (“Loews Hotels & Co”), a wholly owned subsidiary). Unless the context otherwise requires, as used herein, the term “Company” means Loews Corporation including its consolidated subsidiaries, the term “Parent Company” means Loews Corporation excluding its subsidiaries, the term “Net income (loss) attributable to Loews Corporation” means Net income (loss) attributable to Loews Corporation shareholders and the term “subsidiaries” means Loews Corporation’s consolidated subsidiaries.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and results of operations, comprehensive income (loss), changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, in each case in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Net income for the first quarter of each of the years is not necessarily indicative of net income for that entire year. These Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The Company presents basic and diluted net income (loss) per share on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations. Basic net income (loss) per share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stock by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net income per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 there were no shares attributable to employee stock-based compensation awards excluded from the diluted weighted average shares outstanding amounts because the effect would have been antidilutive.

Accounting changes – In August of 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-12, “Financial Services – Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts.” The updated accounting guidance requires changes to the measurement and disclosure of long-duration contracts. Entities are required to review, and update if there is a change, cash flow assumptions (including morbidity and persistency) used to measure the liability for future policyholder benefits (“LFPB”) at least annually. The LFPB must also be updated for actual experience at least annually. The LFPB is reflected as Future policy benefits on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets. The discount rate assumption used to measure the LFPB must be updated quarterly using an upper-medium grade (low credit risk) fixed-income instrument yield, commonly interpreted as a single-A rate. The effect of changes in cash flow assumptions and actual variances from expected experience are recorded in results of operations within Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits. The effect of changes in discount rate assumptions are recorded in Other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”). In contrast, under legacy accounting guidance, cash flow and discount rate assumptions were locked in unless a premium deficiency emerged. The discount rate assumption under legacy accounting guidance was determined using CNA’s internal investment portfolio yield, which was generally higher than a single-A yield.

The new guidance eliminates the need to hold shadow reserves associated with long term care reserves. Under legacy accounting guidance, to the extent that unrealized gains on fixed maturity securities supporting long term care reserves would have resulted in a premium deficiency if realized, a related increase to Insurance reserves was recorded, net of tax, as a reduction of net unrealized gains (losses), through Other comprehensive income (loss) (shadow reserves).

The unit of account is the level at which reserves are measured. Under the new guidance, the unit of account used to measure the LFPB is the cohort. Cohorts are comprised of insurance contracts issued no more than one year apart, and must be further disaggregated according to policy benefit and insurance risk characteristics. Under legacy accounting guidance, the LFPB was generally measured at the individual policy level.

Under the new guidance, the net premium ratio (“NPR”) is capped at 100%. To the extent that NPR would otherwise exceed 100%, the LFPB is increased, and a loss is recognized immediately in the results of operations. The NPR cap is applied at the cohort level each quarter when NPR is updated. In contrast, under legacy accounting guidance, premium deficiency testing was performed annually at the product level. See Note 5 to the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements for further explanation of the NPR and LFPB calculations.

The Company adopted the new guidance effective January 1, 2023, using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. CNA’s run-off long term care business is in scope of the new guidance. All prior periods presented in the financial statements have been adjusted to reflect application of the new guidance. The original locked in discount rate, utilized for purposes of calculating the NPR under the new guidance, was based on the discount rate assumption used to calculate the LFPB immediately prior to the transition date. While the requirements of the new guidance represent a material change from legacy accounting, the new guidance does not impact capital and surplus under statutory accounting practices, cash flows or the underlying economics of the business.

In December of 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-05, “Financial Services-Insurance (Topic 944): Transition for Sold Contracts” (“ASU 2022-05”). This guidance permits companies to make an election to exclude from the scope of ASU 2018-12 any insurance contracts that have been de-recognized prior to the effective date of ASU 2018-12, assuming that the company has no significant continuing involvement with the de-recognized contracts. In the fourth quarter of 2022, CNA novated its block of legacy annuity business, which was fully-ceded prior to novation. The Company has elected the ASU 2022-05 transition relief, and has excluded the novated legacy annuity business from the scope of ASU 2018-12.

Explanation of ASU 2018-12 Transition Impacts:

The following table presents a roll-forward of the pre-transition LFPB balance as of January 1, 2021:

(In millions)
Balance as of December 31, 2020, as reported	$	13,318
Reclassification of reserves for policyholders currently receiving benefits to Future policy benefits (a)	2,844
De-recognition of shadow reserves	(3,293)
Re-measurement using an upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yield discount rate	6,255
Other adjustments	8
Balance as of January 1, 2021, as adjusted	$	19,132

(a) In conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2018-12, at January 1, 2023, the long term care reserves for policyholders currently receiving benefits were reclassified from Claim and claim adjustment expense to Future policy benefits. This change was applied retrospectively as of January 1, 2021.

Shadow reserves associated with the long term care business were de-recognized as of the transition date in Accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”). The effect of re-measuring the LFPB at the single-A discount rate as of the transition date was similarly recorded in AOCI. There are no cohorts for which the NPR exceeded 100% at the transition date.

CNA’s practice under legacy accounting guidance was to calculate and record premium deficiency reserves at the policy level. Accordingly, an allocation methodology was not required to assign historical premium deficiency reserves to cohorts upon transition to ASU 2018-12.

The following table presents after tax adjustments to the opening balance of Shareholders’ equity and Noncontrolling interests resulting from adoption of ASU 2018-12:

	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		Retained earnings		Noncontrolling interests
(In millions)
Balance as of December 31, 2020, as reported	$	581	$	14,150	$	1,321
De-recognition of shadow reserves	2,331				270
Re-measurement of LFPB using an upper-medium grade fixed    income instrument yield discount rate	(4,428)				(513)
Other adjustments			(5)		(1)
Balance as of January 1, 2021, as adjusted	$	(1,516)	$	14,145	$	1,077

The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on the Consolidated Condensed Statement of Operations were as follows:

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022	As Reported		Effect of Adoption		As Adjusted
(In millions)
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits (a)	$	1,455	$	23	$	1,478
Income before income tax	462		(23)		439
Income tax expense	(92)		5		(87)
Net income	370		(18)		352
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	(32)		2		(30)
Net income attributable to Loews Corporation	338		(16)		322
Basic net income per share	1.36		(0.06)		1.30
Diluted net income per share	1.36		(0.07)		1.29

(a) The effect of adopting ASU 2018-12 on Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits is inclusive of the re-measurement gain of $5 million, which is presented parenthetically on the Consolidated Condensed Statement of Operations.

The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheet were as follows:

December 31, 2022	As Reported		Effect of Adoption		As Adjusted
(In millions)
Other assets	$	3,941	$	73	$	4,014
Total assets	75,494		73		75,567
Claim and claim adjustment expenses (a)	25,099		(2,979)		22,120
Future policy benefits (a)	10,151		3,329		13,480
Total liabilities	60,016		350		60,366
Retained earnings	15,144		(213)		14,931
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(3,284)		(36)		(3,320)
Noncontrolling interests	880		(28)		852
Total equity	15,478		(277)		15,201

(a) In conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2018-12, at January 1, 2023, the long term care reserves for policyholders currently receiving benefits were reclassified from Claim and claim adjustment expense to Future policy benefits. This change was applied retrospectively as of January 1, 2021.

The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on the Consolidated Condensed Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss) were as follows:

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022	As Reported		Effect of Adoption		As Adjusted
(In millions)
Changes in: Net unrealized losses on other investments	$	(1,611)	$	(1,032)	$	(2,643)
Total unrealized losses on investments	(1,615)		(1,032)		(2,647)
Impact of changes in discount rates used to measure long-duration    contract liabilities			1,635		1,635
Other comprehensive loss	(1,605)		603		(1,002)
Comprehensive loss	(1,235)		585		(650)
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	136		(60)		76
Total comprehensive loss attributable to Loews Corporation	(1,099)		525		(574)

The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows were as follows:

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022	As Reported		Effect of Adoption		As Adjusted
(In millions)
Net income	$	370	$	(18)	$	352
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating    activities, net	333		(5)		328
Changes in: Insurance reserves	489		23		512

The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on segment results of operations of CNA were as follows:

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022	As Reported		Effect of Adoption		As Adjusted
(In millions)
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits (a)	$	1,455	$	23	$	1,478
Income before income tax	378		(23)		355
Income tax expense	(65)		5		(60)
Net income	313		(18)		295
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	(32)		2		(30)
Net income attributable to Loews Corporation	281		(16)		265

(a) The effect of adopting ASU 2018-12 on Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits is inclusive of the re-measurement gain of $5 million, which is presented parenthetically on the Consolidated Condensed Statement of Operations.

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Investments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Investments

Investments

Net investment income is as follows:

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities	$	470	$	429
Limited partnership investments	27		20
Short term investments	16
Equity securities (a)	12		2
Income (loss) from trading portfolio (a)	45		(15)
Other	20		15
Total investment income	590		451
Investment expenses	(21)		(19)
Net investment income	$	569	$	432
(a) Net investment income (loss) recognized due to the change in fair value of equity and trading portfolio securities held as of March 31, 2023 and 2022	$	11	$	(31)

Investment gains (losses) are as follows:

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities:
Gross gains	$	35	$	26
Gross losses	(57)		(28)
Investment losses on fixed maturity securities	(22)		(2)
Equity securities (a)	(14)		(38)
Derivative instruments			29
Short term investments and other	1
Investment losses	$	(35)	$	(11)
(a) Investment losses recognized due to the change in fair value of non-redeemable preferred stock included within equity securities held as of March 31, 2023 and 2022	$	(2)	$	(38)

The components of available-for-sale impairment losses (gains) recognized in earnings by asset type are presented in the following table. The table includes losses (gains) on securities with an intention to sell and changes in the allowance for credit losses on securities since acquisition date:

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
Corporate and other bonds	$	8	$	8
Asset-backed			2
Impairment losses recognized in earnings	$	8	$	10

There were no losses recognized on mortgage loans during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

The following tables present a summary of fixed maturity securities:

March 31, 2023	Cost or Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate and other bonds	$	24,140	$	437	$	1,675	$	1	$	22,901
States, municipalities and political  subdivisions	8,332		410		741				8,001
Asset-backed:
Residential mortgage-backed	3,066		6		413				2,659
Commercial mortgage-backed	1,868		5		242				1,631
Other asset-backed	3,464		8		306		1		3,165
Total asset-backed	8,398		19		961		1		7,455
U.S. Treasury and obligations of  government sponsored enterprises	126				2				124
Foreign government	647		1		39				609
Redeemable preferred stock	3								3
Fixed maturities available-for-sale	41,646		867		3,418		2		39,093
Fixed maturities trading	253		3						256
Total fixed maturity securities	$	41,899	$	870	$	3,418	$	2	$	39,349

December 31, 2022
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate and other bonds	$	23,137	$	301	$	2,009			$	21,429
States, municipalities and political  subdivisions	8,918		338		939				8,317
Asset-backed:
Residential mortgage-backed	3,073		5		447				2,631
Commercial mortgage-backed	1,886		4		255				1,635
Other asset-backed	3,287		2		361		$	1	2,927
Total asset-backed	8,246		11		1,063		1		7,193
U.S. Treasury and obligations of  government sponsored enterprises	111		1		2				110
Foreign government	617		1		43				575
Redeemable preferred stock	3								3
Fixed maturities available-for-sale	41,032		652		4,056		1		37,627
Fixed maturities trading	70								70
Total fixed maturity securities	$	41,102	$	652	$	4,056	$	1	$	37,697

The available-for-sale fixed maturity securities in a gross unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded are as follows:

	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or Longer				Total
March 31, 2023	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate and other bonds	$	10,753	$	545	$	6,184	$	1,130	$	16,937	$	1,675
States, municipalities and political  subdivisions	1,708		87		2,347		654		4,055		741
Asset-backed:
Residential mortgage-backed	741		28		1,784		385		2,525		413
Commercial mortgage-backed	474		36		1,072		206		1,546		242
Other asset-backed	1,073		86		1,474		220		2,547		306
Total asset-backed	2,288		150		4,330		811		6,618		961
U.S. Treasury and obligations of  government-sponsored enterprises	57		1		41		1		98		2
Foreign government	231		7		327		32		558		39
Total fixed maturity securities	$	15,037	$	790	$	13,229	$	2,628	$	28,266	$	3,418
December 31, 2022
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate and other bonds	$	15,946	$	1,585	$	1,634	$	424	$	17,580	$	2,009
States, municipalities and political  subdivisions	4,079		769		456		170		4,535		939
Asset-backed:
Residential mortgage-backed	1,406		144		1,143		303		2,549		447
Commercial mortgage-backed	1,167		159		408		96		1,575		255
Other asset-backed	2,087		262		542		99		2,629		361
Total asset-backed	4,660		565		2,093		498		6,753		1,063
U.S. Treasury and obligations of  government-sponsored enterprises	76		1		16		1		92		2
Foreign government	473		26		78		17		551		43
Total fixed maturity securities	$	25,234	$	2,946	$	4,277	$	1,110	$	29,511	$	4,056

The following table presents the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of available-for-sale fixed maturity securities in a gross unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit loss has not been recorded, by ratings distribution.

	March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
(In millions)
U.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprises	$	2,357	$	302	$	2,355	$	337
AAA	1,424		260		1,559		298
AA	4,053		670		4,327		817
A	6,440		619		6,615		749
BBB	12,651		1,360		13,226		1,621
Non-investment grade	1,341		207		1,429		234
Total	$	28,266	$	3,418	$	29,511	$	4,056

Based on current facts and circumstances, the unrealized losses presented in the March 31, 2023 securities in the gross unrealized loss position table above are not believed to be indicative of the ultimate collectibility of the current amortized cost of the securities, but rather are primarily attributable to changes in risk-free interest rates and a general market widening of credit spreads. In reaching this determination, the continued volatility in risk-free rates and credit spreads, as well as the fact that the unrealized losses are concentrated in investment grade issuers, were considered. Additionally, there is no current intent to sell securities with unrealized losses, nor is it more likely than not that sale will be required prior to recovery of amortized cost; accordingly, it was determined that there are no additional impairment losses to be recorded at March 31, 2023.

The following tables present the activity related to the allowance on available-for-sale securities with credit impairments and purchased credit-deteriorated (“PCD”) assets. Accrued interest receivables on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities totaled $407 million, $394 million and $389 million as of March 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022 and are excluded from the estimate of expected credit losses and the amortized cost basis in the tables within this Note.

Three months ended March 31, 2023	Corporate and Other Bonds		Asset-backed		Total
(In millions)
Allowance for credit losses:
Balance as of January 1, 2023	$	—	$	1	$	1
Additions to the allowance for credit losses:
Available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets	9				9
Reductions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities sold during the period (realized)	6				6
Intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis	3				3
Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period	1				1
Total allowance for credit losses	$	1	$	1	$	2

Three months ended March 31, 2022	Corporate and Other Bonds		Asset-backed		Total
(In millions)
Allowance for credit losses:
Balance as of January 1, 2022	$	11	$	7	$	18
Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period	1		(2)		(1)
Total allowance for credit losses	$	12	$	5	$	17

Contractual Maturity

The following table presents available-for-sale fixed maturity securities by contractual maturity.

	March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Cost or Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Cost or Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)
Due in one year or less	$	1,009	$	989	$	1,012	$	1,001
Due after one year through five years	10,486		10,035		9,880		9,399
Due after five years through ten years	13,763		12,702		13,788		12,453
Due after ten years	16,388		15,367		16,352		14,774
Total	$	41,646	$	39,093	$	41,032	$	37,627

Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain securities may be called or prepaid. Securities not due at a single date are allocated based on weighted average life.

Mortgage Loans

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of mortgage loans for each credit quality indicator by year of origination. The primary credit quality indicators utilized are debt service coverage ratios (“DSCR”) and loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratios.

	Mortgage Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (a)
As of March 31, 2023	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Total
(In millions)
DSCR ≥1.6x
LTV less than 55%			$	9	$	13	$	112	$	41	$	280	$	455
LTV 55% to 65%													—
LTV greater than 65%			31		11								42
DSCR 1.2x - 1.6x
LTV less than 55%			5		49		13		43		47		157
LTV 55% to 65%	$	12	44				24				8		88
LTV greater than 65%			58										58
DSCR ≤1.2x
LTV less than 55%			34						35				69
LTV 55% to 65%			41						43				84
LTV greater than 65%			27		21				22		7		77
Total	$	12	$	249	$	94	$	149	$	184	$	342	$	1,030

(a) The values in the table above reflect DSCR on a standardized amortization period and LTV ratios based on the most recent appraised values trended forward using changes in a commercial real estate price index.

Derivative Financial Instruments

A summary of the aggregate contractual or notional amounts and gross estimated fair values related to derivative financial instruments follows. The contractual or notional amounts for derivatives are used to calculate the exchange of contractual payments under related agreements and may not be representative of the potential for gain or loss on these instruments. Gross estimated fair values of derivative positions are currently presented in Equity securities, Receivables and Payable to brokers on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets.

	March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Contractual/Notional Amount		Estimated Fair Value				Contractual/Notional Amount		Estimated Fair Value
			Asset		(Liability)				Asset		(Liability)
(In millions)
Without hedge designation:
Equity markets:
Options – purchased	$	142	$	6
Futures – short	102				$	(1)	$	169
Warrants	117		6				117		$	6
Interest rate swaps	240		16				240		19
Currency forwards	13				(1)		12				$	(1)

Investment Commitments

As part of the overall investment strategy, investments are made in various assets which require future purchase, sale or funding commitments. These investments are recorded once funded, and the related commitments may include future capital calls from various third-party limited partnerships, signed and accepted mortgage loan applications and obligations related to private placement securities. As of March 31, 2023, commitments to purchase or fund were approximately $1.7 billion and to sell were approximately $125 million under the terms of these investments.

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Fair Value

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value

Fair Value

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized in the following tables. Corporate bonds and other includes obligations of the United States of America (“U.S.”) Treasury, government-sponsored enterprises, foreign governments and redeemable preferred stock.

March 31, 2023	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate bonds and other	$	135	$	22,590	$	912	$	23,637
States, municipalities and political subdivisions			7,957		44		8,001
Asset-backed			6,596		859		7,455
Fixed maturities available-for-sale	135		37,143		1,815		39,093
Fixed maturities trading	203		53				256
Total fixed maturities	$	338	$	37,196	$	1,815	$	39,349
Equity securities	$	607	$	421	$	29	$	1,057
Short term and other	3,854		68				3,922
Receivables			17				17
Payable to brokers	(81)						(81)
December 31, 2022
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate bonds and other	$	120	$	21,187	$	810	$	22,117
States, municipalities and political subdivisions			8,274		43		8,317
Asset-backed			6,405		788		7,193
Fixed maturities available-for-sale	120		35,866		1,641		37,627
Fixed maturities trading	1		69				70
Total fixed maturities	$	121	$	35,935	$	1,641	$	37,697
Equity securities	$	669	$	435	$	35	$	1,139
Short term and other	4,539		167				4,706
Receivables			19				19
Payable to brokers	(82)						(82)

The following tables present reconciliations for all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

			Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses) and Net Change in Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses)																Unrealized Gains (Losses) Recognized in Net Income (Loss) on Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Held at March 31		Unrealized Gains (Losses) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Held at March 31
2023	Balance, January 1		Included in Net Income		Included in OCI		Purchases		Sales		Settlements		Transfers into Level 3		Transfers out of Level 3		Balance, March 31
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate bonds and other	$	810			$	24	$	81			$	(3)					$	912			$	24
States, municipalities and political
subdivisions	43				1												44				1
Asset-backed	788		$	5	7		55				(9)		$	23	$	(10)	859				7
Fixed maturities available-for-sale	1,641		5		32		136		$	—	(12)		23		(10)		1,815		$	—	32
Fixed maturities trading	—																—
Total fixed maturities	$	1,641	$	5	$	32	$	136	$	—	$	(12)	$	23	$	(10)	$	1,815	$	—	$	32
Equity securities	$	35	$	(6)													$	29	$	(6)

			Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses) and Net Change in Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses)																Unrealized Gains (Losses) Recognized in Net Income (Loss) on Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Held at March 31		Unrealized Gains (Losses) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Held at March 31
2022	Balance, January 1		Included in Net Income		Included in OCI		Purchases		Sales		Settlements		Transfers into  Level 3		Transfers out of Level 3		Balance, March 31
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate bonds and other	$	937	$	(1)	$	(71)	$	67	$	(5)	$	(22)	$	10			$	915			$	(72)
States, municipalities and political
subdivisions	56				(5)												51				(5)
Asset-backed	556		3		(32)		140				(17)		5		$	(51)	604				(31)
Fixed maturities available-for-sale	1,549		2		(108)		207		(5)		(39)		15		(51)		1,570		$	—	(108)
Fixed maturities trading	—																—
Total fixed maturities	$	1,549	$	2	$	(108)	$	207	$	(5)	$	(39)	$	15	$	(51)	$	1,570	$	—	$	(108)
Equity securities	$	29	$	3			$	12									$	44	$	3

Net investment gains and losses are reported in Net income as follows:

Major Category of Assets and Liabilities	Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations Line Items
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	Investment gains (losses)
Fixed maturity securities trading	Net investment income
Equity securities	Investment gains (losses) and Net investment income
Other invested assets	Investment gains (losses) and Net investment income
Derivative financial instruments held in a trading portfolio	Net investment income
Derivative financial instruments, other	Investment gains (losses) and Operating revenues and other

Significant Unobservable Inputs

The following tables present quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs utilized in the fair value measurement of Level 3 assets. Valuations for assets and liabilities not presented in the tables below are primarily based on broker/dealer quotes for which there is a lack of transparency as to inputs used to develop the valuations. The quantitative detail of unobservable inputs from these broker quotes is neither provided nor reasonably available. The weighted average rate is calculated based on fair value.

March 31, 2023	Estimated Fair Value		Valuation Techniques	Unobservable Inputs	Range (Weighted Average)
	(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities	$	1,340	Discounted cash flow	Credit spread	1%	—	8%	(3%)
December 31, 2022
Fixed maturity securities	$	1,177	Discounted cash flow	Credit spread	1%	—	8%	(2%)

For fixed maturity securities, an increase to the credit spread assumptions would result in a lower fair value measurement.

Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value

The carrying amount, estimated fair value and the level of the fair value hierarchy of the financial assets and liabilities which are not measured at fair value on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets are presented in the following tables. The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of short term debt and long term debt exclude finance lease obligations. The carrying amounts reported on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets for cash and short term investments not carried at fair value and certain other assets and liabilities approximate fair value due to the short term nature of these items.

	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value
March 31, 2023			Level 1	Level 2		Level 3		Total
(In millions)
Assets:
Other invested assets, primarily mortgage loans	$	1,006				$	958	$	958
Liabilities:
Short term debt	907			$	742	166		908
Long term debt	8,146			7,167		568		7,735
December 31, 2022
Assets:
Other invested assets, primarily mortgage loans	$	1,040				$	973	$	973
Liabilities:
Short term debt	853			$	744	111		855
Long term debt	8,160			7,035		586		7,621

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Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Insurance [Abstract]

Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves

Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves

Claim and claim adjustment expense reserves represent the estimated amounts necessary to resolve all outstanding claims, including incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) claims as of the reporting date. Reserve projections are based primarily on detailed analysis of the facts in each case, experience with similar cases and various historical development patterns. Consideration is given to historical patterns such as claim reserving trends and settlement practices, loss payments, pending levels of unpaid claims and product mix, as well as court decisions and economic conditions, economic, medical and social inflation, and public attitudes. All of these factors can affect the estimation of claim and claim adjustment expense reserves.

Establishing claim and claim adjustment expense reserves, including claim and claim adjustment expense reserves for catastrophic events that have occurred, is an estimation process. Many factors can ultimately affect the final settlement of a claim and, therefore, the necessary reserve. Changes in the law, results of litigation, medical costs, the cost of repair materials and labor rates can affect ultimate claim costs. In addition, time can be a critical part of reserving determinations since the longer the span between the incidence of a loss and the payment or settlement of the claim, the more variable the ultimate settlement amount can be. Accordingly, short-tail claims, such as property damage claims, tend to be more reasonably estimable than long-tail claims, such as workers’ compensation, general liability and professional liability claims. Claim and claim adjustment expense reserves are also maintained for structured settlement obligations. In developing the claim and claim adjustment expense reserve estimates for structured settlement obligations, actuaries review mortality experience on an annual basis. Adjustments to prior year reserve estimates, if necessary, are reflected in the results of operations in the period that the need for such adjustments is determined. There can be no assurance that the ultimate cost for insurance losses will not exceed current estimates.

Catastrophes are an inherent risk of the property and casualty insurance business and have contributed to material period-to-period fluctuations in the Company’s results of operations and/or equity. The Company reported catastrophe losses, net of reinsurance, of $52 million and $19 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 primarily related to severe weather related events.

Liability for Unpaid Claim and Claim Adjustment Expenses

The following table presents a reconciliation between beginning and ending claim and claim adjustment expense reserves.

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022 (a)
(In millions)
Reserves, beginning of year:
Gross	$	22,120	$	21,269
Ceded	5,191		4,969
Net reserves, beginning of year	16,929		16,300
Net incurred claim and claim adjustment expenses:
Provision for insured events of current year	1,326		1,188
Increase (decrease) in provision for insured events of prior years	13		(7)
Amortization of discount	11		12
Total net incurred (b)	1,350		1,193
Net payments attributable to:
Current year events	(72)		(68)
Prior year events	(1,042)		(920)
Total net payments	(1,114)		(988)
Foreign currency translation adjustment and other	35		(92)
Net reserves, end of period	17,200		16,413
Ceded reserves, end of period	5,209		5,002
Gross reserves, end of period	$	22,409	$	21,415

(a)	In conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2018-22, at January 1, 2023, long term care reserves for policyholders currently receiving benefits were reclassified from Claim and claim adjustment expenses into Future policy benefits and this change was applied retrospectively as of January 1, 2021. For additional information see Note 1.
(b)	Total net incurred above does not agree to Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits as reflected on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations due to amounts related to retroactive reinsurance deferred gain accounting and uncollectible reinsurance, which are not reflected in the table above.

Net Prior Year Development

Changes in estimates of claim and claim adjustment expense reserves, net of reinsurance, for prior years are defined as net prior year loss reserve development. These changes can be favorable or unfavorable.

For commercial property and casualty operations (“Property & Casualty Operations”) unfavorable net prior year development of $13 million was recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and favorable net prior year development of $12 million was recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

The following table presents details of the net prior year loss reserve development in Property & Casualty Operations:

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022
(In millions)
Medical professional liability	$	9	$	8
Surety			(9)
Workers’ compensation	(2)		(2)
Property and other	6		(9)
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$	13	$	(12)

Asbestos & Environmental Pollution (“A&EP”) Reserves

In 2010, Continental Casualty Company (“CCC”) together with several insurance subsidiaries completed a transaction with National Indemnity Company (“NICO”), a subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway Inc., under which substantially all of their legacy A&EP liabilities were ceded to NICO through a loss portfolio transfer (“LPT”). At the effective date of the transaction, approximately $1.6 billion of net A&EP claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserves were ceded to NICO under a retroactive reinsurance agreement with an aggregate limit of $4.0 billion. The $1.6 billion of claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserves ceded to NICO was net of $1.2 billion of ceded claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserves under existing third party reinsurance contracts. The NICO LPT aggregate reinsurance limit also covers credit risk on the existing third party reinsurance related to these liabilities. NICO was paid a reinsurance premium of $2.0 billion and billed third party reinsurance receivables related to A&EP claims with a net book value of $215 million were transferred to NICO, resulting in total consideration of $2.2 billion.

In years subsequent to the effective date of the LPT, adverse prior year development on A&EP reserves was recognized resulting in additional amounts ceded under the LPT. As a result, the cumulative amounts ceded under the LPT have exceeded the $2.2 billion consideration paid, resulting in the NICO LPT moving into a gain position, requiring retroactive reinsurance accounting. Under retroactive reinsurance accounting, this gain is deferred and only recognized in earnings in proportion to actual paid recoveries under the LPT. Over the life of the contract, there is no economic impact as long as any additional losses incurred are within the limit of the LPT. In a period in which a change in the estimate of A&EP reserves is recognized that increases or decreases the amounts ceded under the LPT, the proportion of actual paid recoveries to total ceded losses is affected and the change in the deferred gain is recognized in earnings as if the revised estimate of ceded losses was available at the effective date of the LPT. The effect of the deferred retroactive reinsurance benefit is recorded in Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations.

The impact of the LPT on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations was the recognition of a retroactive reinsurance benefit of $8 million and $12 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the cumulative amounts ceded under the LPT were $3.5 billion. The unrecognized deferred retroactive reinsurance benefit was $417 million and $425 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and is included within Other liabilities on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets.

NICO established a collateral trust account as security for its obligations under the LPT. The fair value of the collateral trust account was $2.5 billion as of March 31, 2023. In addition, Berkshire Hathaway Inc. guaranteed the payment obligations of NICO up to the aggregate reinsurance limit as well as certain of NICO’s performance obligations under the trust agreement. NICO is responsible for claims handling and billing and collection from third-party reinsurers related to A&EP claims.

Credit Risk for Ceded Reserves

The majority of CNA’s outstanding voluntary reinsurance receivables are due from reinsurers with financial strength ratings of A or higher. Receivables due from reinsurers with lower financial strength ratings are primarily due from captive reinsurers and are backed by collateral arrangements.

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Future Policy Benefits Reserves

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Insurance [Abstract]

Future Policy Benefit Reserves

Future Policy Benefits ReservesFuture policy benefits reserves are related to CNA’s run-off long term care business, which is included in Other Insurance Operations.

The determination of Future policy benefits reserves requires management to make estimates and assumptions about expected policyholder experience over the remaining life of the policy. Since policies may be in force for several decades, these assumptions are subject to significant estimation risk. As a result of this variability, CNA’s future policy benefits reserves may be subject to material increases if actual experience develops adversely to its expectations.

The LFPB is computed using the net level premium method, which incorporates cash flow assumptions and discount rate assumptions. Under the net level premium method, the LFPB is equal to the present value of future benefits and claim settlement expenses less the present value of future net premiums. Net premiums are equal to gross premiums multiplied by the NPR. The NPR is generally the ratio of the present value of benefits and expense payments to the present value of gross premiums, expected over the lifetime of the policy. As a result of the modified retrospective adoption of ASU 2018-12, the NPR calculation incorporates the original locked in discount rate and the reserve balance as of the transition date of January 1, 2021.

The key cash flow assumptions used to estimate the LFPB are morbidity, persistency (inclusive of mortality), anticipated future premium rate increases and expenses. Morbidity is the frequency and severity of injury, illness, sickness and diseases contracted. Persistency is the percentage of policies remaining in force and can be affected by policy lapses, benefit reductions and death. Future premium rate increases are generally subject to regulatory approval, and therefore the exact timing and size of the approved rate increases are unknown. Expense assumptions relate to claim adjudication. The practical expedient that allows locking in the expense assumption has not been elected. The discount rate is determined using the upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yield curve.

CNA has elected to update the NPR and the LFPB for actual experience on a quarterly basis. A quarterly assessment is also made as to whether evidence suggests that cash flow assumptions should be updated. Annually in the third quarter, actuarial analysis is performed on policyholder morbidity, persistency, premium rate increases and expense experience. This analysis, combined with judgment, informs the setting of updated cash flow assumptions used to estimate the LFPB. Actuarial analysis includes predictive modeling, actual to expected experience comparisons and trend analysis. Applicable industry research is also considered.

Quarterly, to derive the upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yield discount rate assumption, a published spot rate curve constructed from single-A rated U.S. dollar denominated corporate bonds is used. Linear interpolation is used to determine yield assumptions for tenors that fall between points for which observable rates are available. For cash flows that are projected to occur beyond the tenor for which market-observable rates are available, judgment is applied to estimate a normative rate which is graded to over 10 years.

Quarterly, the updated NPR is used to derive an updated LFPB as of the beginning of the current quarter measured at the original locked in discount rate. The updated LFPB is then compared to the existing carrying amount of the liability as of the same date (measured at the original locked in discount rate) to determine the re-measurement gain (loss), which is presented parenthetically within the Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits line on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations.

Insurance contracts are grouped into cohorts according to issue year. Contracts assumed through reinsurance are generally included within the same cohorts as contracts issued directly by CNA, according to issue year. The issue year for assumed contracts is defined according to the date that the assumption of insurance risk incepted. For assumed contracts that were reinsured concurrently with the issuance of the underlying direct contract, issue year is defined as the year that the underlying policy was issued. For contracts that were already in-force when assumed, issue year is defined as the year in which the reinsurance agreement incepted. For group long term care business, issue year is defined as the year the individual insurance certificate was issued. Long term care is CNA’s only long-duration product line, therefore, cohorts are not further disaggregated by product.

The following table summarizes balances and changes in the LFPB.

	2023		2022
(In millions)
Present value of future net premiums
Balance, January 1	$	3,993	$	4,735
Effect of changes in discount rate	(74)		(880)
Balance, January 1, at original locked in discount rate	3,919		3,855
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions (a)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience (a)	(49)		(18)
Adjusted balance, January 1	3,870		3,837
Interest accrual	52		53
Net premiums: earned during period	(111)		(112)
Balance, end of period at original locked in discount rate	3,811		3,778
Effect of changes in discount rate	154		525
Balance, March 31	$	3,965	$	4,303
Present value of future benefits & expenses
Balance, January 1	$	17,472	$	22,745
Effect of changes in discount rate	(125)		(5,942)
Balance, January 1, at original locked in discount rate	17,347		16,803
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions (a)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience (a)	(50)		(23)
Adjusted balance, January 1	17,297		16,780
Interest accrual	242		241
Benefit & expense payments	(302)		(233)
Balance, end of period at original locked in discount rate	17,237		16,788
Effect of changes in discount rate	704		3,517
Balance, March 31	$	17,941	$	20,305
Net LFPB	$	13,976	$	16,002

(a) As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, the re-measurement gain of $1 million and $5 million presented parenthetically on the Consolidated Condensed Statement of Operations is comprised of the effect of changes in cash flow assumptions and the effect of actual variances from expected experience.

Earned premiums associated with the long term care business were $115 million and $120 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

The following table presents undiscounted expected future benefit and expense payments and undiscounted expected future gross premiums.

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022
(In millions)
Expected future benefit and expense payments	$	33,759	$	33,674
Expected future gross premiums	5,729		5,969

Discounted expected future gross premiums at the upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yield discount rate were $4.0 billion and $4.6 billion as of March 31, 2023 and 2022.

The weighted average effective duration of the LFPB calculated using the original locked in discount rate was 12 years as of March 31, 2023 and 2022.

The weighted average interest rates in the table below are calculated based on the rate used to discount all future cash flows.

	March 31,				December 31,
	2023		2022		2022
Original locked in discount rate	5.26	%	5.31	%	5.27	%
Upper-medium grade fixed income instrument discount rate	4.92		3.67		5.23

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, immediate charges to net income resulting from adverse development that caused NPR to exceed 100% were $13 million. There were no such charges for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The portion of losses recognized in a prior period due to NPR exceeding 100% which, due to favorable development, was reversed through net income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was

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Shareholders' Equity

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Shareholders' Equity

Shareholders’ Equity

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

The tables below present the changes in AOCI by component for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023:

	Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments with an Allowance for Credit Losses		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Other Investments		Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges		Pension and Postretirement Benefits		Cumulative impact of changes in discount rates used to measure long duration contracts		Foreign Currency Translation		Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(In millions)
Balance, January 1, 2022, as reported	$	(2)	$	930	$	(6)	$	(636)	$	—	$	(100)	$	186
Cumulative effect adjustments from changes in accounting standards (Note 1), after tax of $0, $617, $0, $0, $(1,063) and $0			2,079						(3,585)				(1,506)
Balance, January 1, 2022, as adjusted	(2)		3,009		(6)		(636)		(3,585)		(100)		(1,320)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, after tax of $1, $699, $(2), $(2), $(435)and $0	(4)		(2,644)		15		2		1,635		(15)		(1,011)
Reclassification of losses from accumulated other comprehensive loss, after tax of $0, $(1), $(1), $(2), $0 and $0			1		3		5						9
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(4)		(2,643)		18		7		1,635		(15)		(1,002)
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests			275				(1)		(169)		1		106
Balance, March 31, 2022	$	(6)	$	641	$	12	$	(630)	$	(2,119)	$	(114)	$	(2,216)
Balance, January 1, 2023, as reported	$	(7)	$	(2,469)	$	14	$	(622)	$	—	$	(200)	$	(3,284)
Cumulative effect adjustments from changes in accounting standards (Note 1), after tax of $0, $0, $0, $0, $11 and $0									(36)				(36)
Balance, January 1, 2023, as adjusted	(7)		(2,469)		14		(622)		(36)		(200)		(3,320)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, after tax of $2, $(176), $1, $0, $105 and $0	(8)		652		(2)				(396)		16		262
Reclassification of losses from accumulated other comprehensive loss, after tax of $0, $(4), $0, $(2), $0 and $0			18				9						27
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(8)		670		(2)		9		(396)		16		289
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	1		(68)				(1)		39		(2)		(31)
Balance, March 31, 2023	$	(14)	$	(1,867)	$	12	$	(614)	$	(393)	$	(186)	$	(3,062)

Amounts reclassified from AOCI shown above are reported in Net income (loss) as follows:

Major Category of AOCI	Affected Line Item
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with an allowance for credit losses and Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments	Investment gains (losses)
Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges	Operating revenues and other, Interest expense and Operating expenses and other
Pension and postretirement benefits	Operating expenses and other

Treasury StockLoews Corporation repurchased 8.2 million and 2.1 million shares of its common stock at aggregate costs of $486 million and $129 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

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Revenue from Contracts with Customers

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Disaggregation of revenues – Revenue from contracts with customers, other than insurance premiums, is reported as Non-insurance warranty revenue and within Operating revenues and other on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations. The following table presents revenues from contracts with customers disaggregated by revenue type along with the reportable segment and a reconciliation to Operating revenues and other as reported in Note 11:

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022
(In millions)
Non-insurance warranty – CNA Financial	$	407	$	382
Transportation and storage of natural gas and NGLs and other services – Boardwalk Pipelines	$	386	$	370
Lodging and related services – Loews Hotels & Co	185		146
Total revenues from contracts with customers	571		516
Other revenues	23		24
Operating revenues and other	$	594	$	540

Receivables from contracts with customers – As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, receivables from contracts with customers were approximately $160 million and $168 million and are included within Receivables on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets.

Deferred revenue – As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, deferred revenue resulting from contracts with customers was approximately $4.8 billion and is reported as Deferred non-insurance warranty revenue and within Other liabilities on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets. Approximately $397 million and $374 million of revenues recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were included in deferred revenue as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Performance obligations – As of March 31, 2023, approximately $13.5 billion of estimated operating revenues is expected to be recognized in the future related to outstanding performance obligations. The balance relates primarily to revenues for transportation and storage services for natural gas and natural gas liquids and hydrocarbons (“NGLs”) at Boardwalk Pipelines and non-insurance warranty revenue at CNA. Approximately $2.1 billion will be recognized during the remaining nine months of 2023, $2.3 billion in 2024 and the remainder in following years. The actual timing of recognition may vary due to factors outside of the Company’s control.

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Benefit Plans

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Benefit Plans

Benefit Plans

The Company has several non-contributory defined benefit plans and postretirement benefit plans covering eligible employees and retirees.

The following table presents the components of net periodic (benefit) cost for the defined benefit plans:

	Pension Benefits				Other Postretirement Benefits
Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022		2023		2022
(In millions)
Service cost	$	1	$	1
Interest cost	28		19		$	1
Expected return on plan assets	(32)		(43)		(1)
Amortization of unrecognized net loss	9		8
Settlements			1
Regulatory asset decrease			1
Net periodic (benefit) cost	$	6	$	(13)	$	—	$	—

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Legal Proceedings

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Legal Proceedings

Legal Proceedings

Boardwalk Pipelines Litigation

On May 25, 2018, plaintiffs Tsemach Mishal and Paul Berger (on behalf of themselves and the purported class, “Plaintiffs”) initiated a purported class action in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (the “Trial Court”) against the following defendants: Boardwalk Pipelines, Boardwalk GP, LP (“General Partner”), Boardwalk GP, LLC and Boardwalk Pipelines Holding Corp. (“BPHC”) (together, “Defendants”), regarding the potential exercise by the General Partner of its right to purchase all of the issued and outstanding common units representing limited partnership interests in Boardwalk Pipelines not already owned by the General Partner or its affiliates.

On June 25, 2018, Plaintiffs and Defendants entered into a Stipulation and Agreement of Compromise and Settlement, subject to the approval of the Trial Court (the “Proposed Settlement”). Under the terms of the Proposed Settlement, the lawsuit would be dismissed, and related claims against the Defendants would be released by the Plaintiffs, if BPHC, the sole member of the General Partner, elected to cause the General Partner to exercise its right to purchase the issued and outstanding common units of Boardwalk Pipelines pursuant to Boardwalk Pipelines’ Third Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership, as amended (“Limited Partnership Agreement”), within a period specified by the Proposed Settlement. On June 29, 2018, the General Partner elected to exercise its right to purchase all of the issued and outstanding common units representing limited partnership interests in Boardwalk Pipelines not already owned by the General Partner or its affiliates pursuant to the Limited Partnership Agreement within the period specified by the Proposed Settlement. The transaction was completed on July 18, 2018.

On September 28, 2018, the Trial Court denied approval of the Proposed Settlement. On February 11, 2019, a substitute verified class action complaint was filed in this proceeding, which among other things, added the Parent Company as a Defendant. The Defendants filed a motion to dismiss, which was heard by the Trial Court in July of 2019. In October of 2019, the Trial Court ruled on the motion and granted a partial dismissal, with certain aspects of the case proceeding to trial. A trial was held the week of February 22, 2021 and post-trial oral arguments were held on July 14, 2021.

On November 12, 2021, the Trial Court issued a ruling in the case. The Trial Court held that the General Partner breached the Limited Partnership Agreement and awarded Plaintiffs approximately $690 million, plus pre-judgment interest (approximately $166 million), post-judgment interest and attorneys’ fees.

The Company believed that the Trial Court ruling included factual and legal errors. Therefore, on January 3, 2022, the Defendants appealed the Trial Court’s ruling to the Supreme Court of the State of Delaware (the “Supreme Court”). On January 17, 2022, the Plaintiffs filed a cross-appeal to the Supreme Court contesting the calculation of damages by the Trial Court. Oral arguments were held on September 14, 2022, and on December 19, 2022, the Supreme Court reversed the Trial Court’s ruling and remanded the case to the Trial Court for further proceedings related to claims not decided by the

Trial Court’s ruling. Briefing by the parties at the Trial Court on the remanded issues is scheduled to be completed in July 2023.

Other Litigation

The Company is from time to time party to other litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. While it is difficult to predict the outcome or effect of any litigation, management does not believe that the outcome of any pending litigation, including the Boardwalk Pipelines matter described above, will materially affect the Company’s results of operations or equity.

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Commitments and Contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

CNA Guarantees

CNA has provided guarantees, if the primary obligor fails to perform, to holders of structured settlement annuities issued by a previously owned subsidiary. As of March 31, 2023, the potential amount of future payments CNA could be required to pay under these guarantees was approximately $1.5 billion, which will be paid over the lifetime of the annuitants. CNA does not believe any payment is likely under these guarantees, as CNA is the beneficiary of a trust that must be maintained at a level that approximates the discounted reserves for these annuities.

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Segments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segments

Segments

Loews Corporation has four reportable segments comprised of three individual consolidated operating subsidiaries, CNA, Boardwalk Pipelines and Loews Hotels & Co; and the Corporate segment. The Corporate segment is primarily comprised of Loews Corporation, excluding its subsidiaries, and the equity method of accounting for Altium Packaging LLC. Each of the operating subsidiaries is headed by a chief executive officer who is responsible for the operation of its business and has the duties and authority commensurate with that position. For additional disclosures regarding the composition of Loews Corporation’s segments, see Note 19 of the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The following tables present the reportable segments and their contribution to the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations. Amounts presented will not necessarily be the same as those in the individual financial statements of the subsidiaries due to adjustments for purchase accounting, income taxes and noncontrolling interests.

Statements of Operations by segment are presented in the following tables.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023	CNA Financial		Boardwalk Pipelines		Loews Hotels & Co		Corporate		Total
(In millions)
Revenues:
Insurance premiums	$	2,248							$	2,248
Net investment income	525		$	1	$	1	$	42	569
Investment losses	(35)								(35)
Non-insurance warranty revenue	407								407
Operating revenues and other	7		396		191				594
Total	3,152		397		192		42		3,783
Expenses:
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits	1,653								1,653
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	379								379
Non-insurance warranty expense	384								384
Operating expenses and other	337		242		183		19		781
Equity method (income) loss					(31)		3		(28)
Interest	28		39		6		22		95
Total	2,781		281		158		44		3,264
Income (loss) before income tax	371		116		34		(2)		519
Income tax expense	(74)		(30)		(10)		(1)		(115)
Net income (loss)	297		86		24		(3)		404
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	(29)								(29)
Net income (loss) attributable to Loews Corporation	$	268	$	86	$	24	$	(3)	$	375

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022	CNA Financial (a)		Boardwalk Pipelines		Loews Hotels & Co		Corporate		Total (a)
(In millions)
Revenues:
Insurance premiums	$	2,059							$	2,059
Net investment income (loss)	448						$	(16)	432
Investment losses	(11)								(11)
Non-insurance warranty revenue	382								382
Operating revenues and other	7		$	381	$	152			540
Total	2,885		381		152		(16)		3,402
Expenses:
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits	1,478								1,478
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	344								344
Non-insurance warranty expense	354								354
Operating expenses and other	326		217		152		21		716
Equity method (income) loss					(26)		1		(25)
Interest	28		42		4		22		96
Total	2,530		259		130		44		2,963
Income (loss) before income tax	355		122		22		(60)		439
Income tax (expense) benefit	(60)		(31)		(7)		11		(87)
Net income (loss)	295		91		15		(49)		352
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	(30)								(30)
Net income (loss) attributable to Loews Corporation	$	265	$	91	$	15	$	(49)	$	322

(a) As of January 1, 2023, ASU 2018-12 was adopted using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. Prior period amounts in the financial statements have been adjusted to reflect application of the new standard. For additional information see Note 1.

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Basis of Presentation (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

Loews Corporation is a holding company. Its consolidated operating subsidiaries are engaged in the following lines of business: commercial property and casualty insurance (CNA Financial Corporation (“CNA”), a 90.0% owned subsidiary); transportation and storage of natural gas and natural gas liquids (Boardwalk Pipeline Partners, LP (“Boardwalk Pipelines”), a wholly owned subsidiary) and the operation of a chain of hotels (Loews Hotels Holding Corporation (“Loews Hotels & Co”), a wholly owned subsidiary). Unless the context otherwise requires, as used herein, the term “Company” means Loews Corporation including its consolidated subsidiaries, the term “Parent Company” means Loews Corporation excluding its subsidiaries, the term “Net income (loss) attributable to Loews Corporation” means Net income (loss) attributable to Loews Corporation shareholders and the term “subsidiaries” means Loews Corporation’s consolidated subsidiaries.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and results of operations, comprehensive income (loss), changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, in each case in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Net income for the first quarter of each of the years is not necessarily indicative of net income for that entire year. These Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The Company presents basic and diluted net income (loss) per share on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations. Basic net income (loss) per share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stock by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net income per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 there were no shares attributable to employee stock-based compensation awards excluded from the diluted weighted average shares outstanding amounts because the effect would have been antidilutive.

Recently issued Accounting Standards Updates ("ASUs")

Accounting changes – In August of 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-12, “Financial Services – Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts.” The updated accounting guidance requires changes to the measurement and disclosure of long-duration contracts. Entities are required to review, and update if there is a change, cash flow assumptions (including morbidity and persistency) used to measure the liability for future policyholder benefits (“LFPB”) at least annually. The LFPB must also be updated for actual experience at least annually. The LFPB is reflected as Future policy benefits on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets. The discount rate assumption used to measure the LFPB must be updated quarterly using an upper-medium grade (low credit risk) fixed-income instrument yield, commonly interpreted as a single-A rate. The effect of changes in cash flow assumptions and actual variances from expected experience are recorded in results of operations within Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits. The effect of changes in discount rate assumptions are recorded in Other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”). In contrast, under legacy accounting guidance, cash flow and discount rate assumptions were locked in unless a premium deficiency emerged. The discount rate assumption under legacy accounting guidance was determined using CNA’s internal investment portfolio yield, which was generally higher than a single-A yield.

The new guidance eliminates the need to hold shadow reserves associated with long term care reserves. Under legacy accounting guidance, to the extent that unrealized gains on fixed maturity securities supporting long term care reserves would have resulted in a premium deficiency if realized, a related increase to Insurance reserves was recorded, net of tax, as a reduction of net unrealized gains (losses), through Other comprehensive income (loss) (shadow reserves).

The unit of account is the level at which reserves are measured. Under the new guidance, the unit of account used to measure the LFPB is the cohort. Cohorts are comprised of insurance contracts issued no more than one year apart, and must be further disaggregated according to policy benefit and insurance risk characteristics. Under legacy accounting guidance, the LFPB was generally measured at the individual policy level.

Under the new guidance, the net premium ratio (“NPR”) is capped at 100%. To the extent that NPR would otherwise exceed 100%, the LFPB is increased, and a loss is recognized immediately in the results of operations. The NPR cap is applied at the cohort level each quarter when NPR is updated. In contrast, under legacy accounting guidance, premium deficiency testing was performed annually at the product level. See Note 5 to the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements for further explanation of the NPR and LFPB calculations.

The Company adopted the new guidance effective January 1, 2023, using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. CNA’s run-off long term care business is in scope of the new guidance. All prior periods presented in the financial statements have been adjusted to reflect application of the new guidance. The original locked in discount rate, utilized for purposes of calculating the NPR under the new guidance, was based on the discount rate assumption used to calculate the LFPB immediately prior to the transition date. While the requirements of the new guidance represent a material change from legacy accounting, the new guidance does not impact capital and surplus under statutory accounting practices, cash flows or the underlying economics of the business.

In December of 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-05, “Financial Services-Insurance (Topic 944): Transition for Sold Contracts” (“ASU 2022-05”). This guidance permits companies to make an election to exclude from the scope of ASU 2018-12 any insurance contracts that have been de-recognized prior to the effective date of ASU 2018-12, assuming that the company has no significant continuing involvement with the de-recognized contracts. In the fourth quarter of 2022, CNA novated its block of legacy annuity business, which was fully-ceded prior to novation. The Company has elected the ASU 2022-05 transition relief, and has excluded the novated legacy annuity business from the scope of ASU 2018-12.

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Basis of Presentation (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Liability for Future Policy Benefit

The following table summarizes balances and changes in the LFPB.

	2023		2022
(In millions)
Present value of future net premiums
Balance, January 1	$	3,993	$	4,735
Effect of changes in discount rate	(74)		(880)
Balance, January 1, at original locked in discount rate	3,919		3,855
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions (a)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience (a)	(49)		(18)
Adjusted balance, January 1	3,870		3,837
Interest accrual	52		53
Net premiums: earned during period	(111)		(112)
Balance, end of period at original locked in discount rate	3,811		3,778
Effect of changes in discount rate	154		525
Balance, March 31	$	3,965	$	4,303
Present value of future benefits & expenses
Balance, January 1	$	17,472	$	22,745
Effect of changes in discount rate	(125)		(5,942)
Balance, January 1, at original locked in discount rate	17,347		16,803
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions (a)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience (a)	(50)		(23)
Adjusted balance, January 1	17,297		16,780
Interest accrual	242		241
Benefit & expense payments	(302)		(233)
Balance, end of period at original locked in discount rate	17,237		16,788
Effect of changes in discount rate	704		3,517
Balance, March 31	$	17,941	$	20,305
Net LFPB	$	13,976	$	16,002

(a) As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, the re-measurement gain of $1 million and $5 million presented parenthetically on the Consolidated Condensed Statement of Operations is comprised of the effect of changes in cash flow assumptions and the effect of actual variances from expected experience.

The following table presents undiscounted expected future benefit and expense payments and undiscounted expected future gross premiums.

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022
(In millions)
Expected future benefit and expense payments	$	33,759	$	33,674
Expected future gross premiums	5,729		5,969

The weighted average interest rates in the table below are calculated based on the rate used to discount all future cash flows.

	March 31,				December 31,
	2023		2022		2022
Original locked in discount rate	5.26	%	5.31	%	5.27	%
Upper-medium grade fixed income instrument discount rate	4.92		3.67		5.23

Schedule of Accounting Standards Update

The following table presents a roll-forward of the pre-transition LFPB balance as of January 1, 2021:

(In millions)
Balance as of December 31, 2020, as reported	$	13,318
Reclassification of reserves for policyholders currently receiving benefits to Future policy benefits (a)	2,844
De-recognition of shadow reserves	(3,293)
Re-measurement using an upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yield discount rate	6,255
Other adjustments	8
Balance as of January 1, 2021, as adjusted	$	19,132

(a) In conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2018-12, at January 1, 2023, the long term care reserves for policyholders currently receiving benefits were reclassified from Claim and claim adjustment expense to Future policy benefits. This change was applied retrospectively as of January 1, 2021.

The following table presents after tax adjustments to the opening balance of Shareholders’ equity and Noncontrolling interests resulting from adoption of ASU 2018-12:

	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		Retained earnings		Noncontrolling interests
(In millions)
Balance as of December 31, 2020, as reported	$	581	$	14,150	$	1,321
De-recognition of shadow reserves	2,331				270
Re-measurement of LFPB using an upper-medium grade fixed    income instrument yield discount rate	(4,428)				(513)
Other adjustments			(5)		(1)
Balance as of January 1, 2021, as adjusted	$	(1,516)	$	14,145	$	1,077

The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on the Consolidated Condensed Statement of Operations were as follows:

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022	As Reported		Effect of Adoption		As Adjusted
(In millions)
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits (a)	$	1,455	$	23	$	1,478
Income before income tax	462		(23)		439
Income tax expense	(92)		5		(87)
Net income	370		(18)		352
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	(32)		2		(30)
Net income attributable to Loews Corporation	338		(16)		322
Basic net income per share	1.36		(0.06)		1.30
Diluted net income per share	1.36		(0.07)		1.29

(a) The effect of adopting ASU 2018-12 on Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits is inclusive of the re-measurement gain of $5 million, which is presented parenthetically on the Consolidated Condensed Statement of Operations.

The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheet were as follows:

December 31, 2022	As Reported		Effect of Adoption		As Adjusted
(In millions)
Other assets	$	3,941	$	73	$	4,014
Total assets	75,494		73		75,567
Claim and claim adjustment expenses (a)	25,099		(2,979)		22,120
Future policy benefits (a)	10,151		3,329		13,480
Total liabilities	60,016		350		60,366
Retained earnings	15,144		(213)		14,931
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(3,284)		(36)		(3,320)
Noncontrolling interests	880		(28)		852
Total equity	15,478		(277)		15,201

(a) In conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2018-12, at January 1, 2023, the long term care reserves for policyholders currently receiving benefits were reclassified from Claim and claim adjustment expense to Future policy benefits. This change was applied retrospectively as of January 1, 2021.

The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on the Consolidated Condensed Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss) were as follows:

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022	As Reported		Effect of Adoption		As Adjusted
(In millions)
Changes in: Net unrealized losses on other investments	$	(1,611)	$	(1,032)	$	(2,643)
Total unrealized losses on investments	(1,615)		(1,032)		(2,647)
Impact of changes in discount rates used to measure long-duration    contract liabilities			1,635		1,635
Other comprehensive loss	(1,605)		603		(1,002)
Comprehensive loss	(1,235)		585		(650)
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	136		(60)		76
Total comprehensive loss attributable to Loews Corporation	(1,099)		525		(574)

The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows were as follows:

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022	As Reported		Effect of Adoption		As Adjusted
(In millions)
Net income	$	370	$	(18)	$	352
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating    activities, net	333		(5)		328
Changes in: Insurance reserves	489		23		512

The effects of adoption of ASU 2018-12 on segment results of operations of CNA were as follows:

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022	As Reported		Effect of Adoption		As Adjusted
(In millions)
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits (a)	$	1,455	$	23	$	1,478
Income before income tax	378		(23)		355
Income tax expense	(65)		5		(60)
Net income	313		(18)		295
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	(32)		2		(30)
Net income attributable to Loews Corporation	281		(16)		265

(a) The effect of adopting ASU 2018-12 on Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits is inclusive of the re-measurement gain of $5 million, which is presented parenthetically on the Consolidated Condensed Statement of Operations.

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Investments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Net Investment Income

Net investment income is as follows:

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities	$	470	$	429
Limited partnership investments	27		20
Short term investments	16
Equity securities (a)	12		2
Income (loss) from trading portfolio (a)	45		(15)
Other	20		15
Total investment income	590		451
Investment expenses	(21)		(19)
Net investment income	$	569	$	432
(a) Net investment income (loss) recognized due to the change in fair value of equity and trading portfolio securities held as of March 31, 2023 and 2022	$	11	$	(31)

Investment Gains (Losses)

Investment gains (losses) are as follows:

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities:
Gross gains	$	35	$	26
Gross losses	(57)		(28)
Investment losses on fixed maturity securities	(22)		(2)
Equity securities (a)	(14)		(38)
Derivative instruments			29
Short term investments and other	1
Investment losses	$	(35)	$	(11)
(a) Investment losses recognized due to the change in fair value of non-redeemable preferred stock included within equity securities held as of March 31, 2023 and 2022	$	(2)	$	(38)

Impairment Losses (Gains) on Earnings

The components of available-for-sale impairment losses (gains) recognized in earnings by asset type are presented in the following table. The table includes losses (gains) on securities with an intention to sell and changes in the allowance for credit losses on securities since acquisition date:

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale:
Corporate and other bonds	$	8	$	8
Asset-backed			2
Impairment losses recognized in earnings	$	8	$	10

Amortized Cost and Fair Values of Fixed Maturity Securities

The following tables present a summary of fixed maturity securities:

March 31, 2023	Cost or Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Allowance for Credit Losses		Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate and other bonds	$	24,140	$	437	$	1,675	$	1	$	22,901
States, municipalities and political  subdivisions	8,332		410		741				8,001
Asset-backed:
Residential mortgage-backed	3,066		6		413				2,659
Commercial mortgage-backed	1,868		5		242				1,631
Other asset-backed	3,464		8		306		1		3,165
Total asset-backed	8,398		19		961		1		7,455
U.S. Treasury and obligations of  government sponsored enterprises	126				2				124
Foreign government	647		1		39				609
Redeemable preferred stock	3								3
Fixed maturities available-for-sale	41,646		867		3,418		2		39,093
Fixed maturities trading	253		3						256
Total fixed maturity securities	$	41,899	$	870	$	3,418	$	2	$	39,349

December 31, 2022
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate and other bonds	$	23,137	$	301	$	2,009			$	21,429
States, municipalities and political  subdivisions	8,918		338		939				8,317
Asset-backed:
Residential mortgage-backed	3,073		5		447				2,631
Commercial mortgage-backed	1,886		4		255				1,635
Other asset-backed	3,287		2		361		$	1	2,927
Total asset-backed	8,246		11		1,063		1		7,193
U.S. Treasury and obligations of  government sponsored enterprises	111		1		2				110
Foreign government	617		1		43				575
Redeemable preferred stock	3								3
Fixed maturities available-for-sale	41,032		652		4,056		1		37,627
Fixed maturities trading	70								70
Total fixed maturity securities	$	41,102	$	652	$	4,056	$	1	$	37,697

Available-for-sale Fixed Maturity Securities in Gross Unrealized Loss Position

The available-for-sale fixed maturity securities in a gross unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded are as follows:

	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or Longer				Total
March 31, 2023	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate and other bonds	$	10,753	$	545	$	6,184	$	1,130	$	16,937	$	1,675
States, municipalities and political  subdivisions	1,708		87		2,347		654		4,055		741
Asset-backed:
Residential mortgage-backed	741		28		1,784		385		2,525		413
Commercial mortgage-backed	474		36		1,072		206		1,546		242
Other asset-backed	1,073		86		1,474		220		2,547		306
Total asset-backed	2,288		150		4,330		811		6,618		961
U.S. Treasury and obligations of  government-sponsored enterprises	57		1		41		1		98		2
Foreign government	231		7		327		32		558		39
Total fixed maturity securities	$	15,037	$	790	$	13,229	$	2,628	$	28,266	$	3,418
December 31, 2022
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate and other bonds	$	15,946	$	1,585	$	1,634	$	424	$	17,580	$	2,009
States, municipalities and political  subdivisions	4,079		769		456		170		4,535		939
Asset-backed:
Residential mortgage-backed	1,406		144		1,143		303		2,549		447
Commercial mortgage-backed	1,167		159		408		96		1,575		255
Other asset-backed	2,087		262		542		99		2,629		361
Total asset-backed	4,660		565		2,093		498		6,753		1,063
U.S. Treasury and obligations of  government-sponsored enterprises	76		1		16		1		92		2
Foreign government	473		26		78		17		551		43
Total fixed maturity securities	$	25,234	$	2,946	$	4,277	$	1,110	$	29,511	$	4,056

The following table presents the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of available-for-sale fixed maturity securities in a gross unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit loss has not been recorded, by ratings distribution.

	March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
(In millions)
U.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprises	$	2,357	$	302	$	2,355	$	337
AAA	1,424		260		1,559		298
AA	4,053		670		4,327		817
A	6,440		619		6,615		749
BBB	12,651		1,360		13,226		1,621
Non-investment grade	1,341		207		1,429		234
Total	$	28,266	$	3,418	$	29,511	$	4,056

Allowance for Credit Losses

The following tables present the activity related to the allowance on available-for-sale securities with credit impairments and purchased credit-deteriorated (“PCD”) assets. Accrued interest receivables on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities totaled $407 million, $394 million and $389 million as of March 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022 and are excluded from the estimate of expected credit losses and the amortized cost basis in the tables within this Note.

Three months ended March 31, 2023	Corporate and Other Bonds		Asset-backed		Total
(In millions)
Allowance for credit losses:
Balance as of January 1, 2023	$	—	$	1	$	1
Additions to the allowance for credit losses:
Available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets	9				9
Reductions to the allowance for credit losses:
Securities sold during the period (realized)	6				6
Intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis	3				3
Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period	1				1
Total allowance for credit losses	$	1	$	1	$	2

Three months ended March 31, 2022	Corporate and Other Bonds		Asset-backed		Total
(In millions)
Allowance for credit losses:
Balance as of January 1, 2022	$	11	$	7	$	18
Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period	1		(2)		(1)
Total allowance for credit losses	$	12	$	5	$	17

Available-for-sale Fixed Maturity Securities by Contractual Maturity

The following table presents available-for-sale fixed maturity securities by contractual maturity.

	March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
	Cost or Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value		Cost or Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
(In millions)
Due in one year or less	$	1,009	$	989	$	1,012	$	1,001
Due after one year through five years	10,486		10,035		9,880		9,399
Due after five years through ten years	13,763		12,702		13,788		12,453
Due after ten years	16,388		15,367		16,352		14,774
Total	$	41,646	$	39,093	$	41,032	$	37,627

Amortized Cost Basis of Mortgage Loans for Each Credit Quality Indicator by Year of Origination

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of mortgage loans for each credit quality indicator by year of origination. The primary credit quality indicators utilized are debt service coverage ratios (“DSCR”) and loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratios.

	Mortgage Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (a)
As of March 31, 2023	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Total
(In millions)
DSCR ≥1.6x
LTV less than 55%			$	9	$	13	$	112	$	41	$	280	$	455
LTV 55% to 65%													—
LTV greater than 65%			31		11								42
DSCR 1.2x - 1.6x
LTV less than 55%			5		49		13		43		47		157
LTV 55% to 65%	$	12	44				24				8		88
LTV greater than 65%			58										58
DSCR ≤1.2x
LTV less than 55%			34						35				69
LTV 55% to 65%			41						43				84
LTV greater than 65%			27		21				22		7		77
Total	$	12	$	249	$	94	$	149	$	184	$	342	$	1,030

(a) The values in the table above reflect DSCR on a standardized amortization period and LTV ratios based on the most recent appraised values trended forward using changes in a commercial real estate price index.

Aggregate Contractual or Notional Amounts and Estimated Fair Values Related to Derivative Financial Instruments

A summary of the aggregate contractual or notional amounts and gross estimated fair values related to derivative financial instruments follows. The contractual or notional amounts for derivatives are used to calculate the exchange of contractual payments under related agreements and may not be representative of the potential for gain or loss on these instruments. Gross estimated fair values of derivative positions are currently presented in Equity securities, Receivables and Payable to brokers on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets.

	March 31, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Contractual/Notional Amount		Estimated Fair Value				Contractual/Notional Amount		Estimated Fair Value
			Asset		(Liability)				Asset		(Liability)
(In millions)
Without hedge designation:
Equity markets:
Options – purchased	$	142	$	6
Futures – short	102				$	(1)	$	169
Warrants	117		6				117		$	6
Interest rate swaps	240		16				240		19
Currency forwards	13				(1)		12				$	(1)

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Fair Value (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized in the following tables. Corporate bonds and other includes obligations of the United States of America (“U.S.”) Treasury, government-sponsored enterprises, foreign governments and redeemable preferred stock.

March 31, 2023	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate bonds and other	$	135	$	22,590	$	912	$	23,637
States, municipalities and political subdivisions			7,957		44		8,001
Asset-backed			6,596		859		7,455
Fixed maturities available-for-sale	135		37,143		1,815		39,093
Fixed maturities trading	203		53				256
Total fixed maturities	$	338	$	37,196	$	1,815	$	39,349
Equity securities	$	607	$	421	$	29	$	1,057
Short term and other	3,854		68				3,922
Receivables			17				17
Payable to brokers	(81)						(81)
December 31, 2022
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate bonds and other	$	120	$	21,187	$	810	$	22,117
States, municipalities and political subdivisions			8,274		43		8,317
Asset-backed			6,405		788		7,193
Fixed maturities available-for-sale	120		35,866		1,641		37,627
Fixed maturities trading	1		69				70
Total fixed maturities	$	121	$	35,935	$	1,641	$	37,697
Equity securities	$	669	$	435	$	35	$	1,139
Short term and other	4,539		167				4,706
Receivables			19				19
Payable to brokers	(82)						(82)

Reconciliations of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs

The following tables present reconciliations for all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

			Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses) and Net Change in Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses)																Unrealized Gains (Losses) Recognized in Net Income (Loss) on Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Held at March 31		Unrealized Gains (Losses) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Held at March 31
2023	Balance, January 1		Included in Net Income		Included in OCI		Purchases		Sales		Settlements		Transfers into Level 3		Transfers out of Level 3		Balance, March 31
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate bonds and other	$	810			$	24	$	81			$	(3)					$	912			$	24
States, municipalities and political
subdivisions	43				1												44				1
Asset-backed	788		$	5	7		55				(9)		$	23	$	(10)	859				7
Fixed maturities available-for-sale	1,641		5		32		136		$	—	(12)		23		(10)		1,815		$	—	32
Fixed maturities trading	—																—
Total fixed maturities	$	1,641	$	5	$	32	$	136	$	—	$	(12)	$	23	$	(10)	$	1,815	$	—	$	32
Equity securities	$	35	$	(6)													$	29	$	(6)

			Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses) and Net Change in Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses)																Unrealized Gains (Losses) Recognized in Net Income (Loss) on Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Held at March 31		Unrealized Gains (Losses) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Held at March 31
2022	Balance, January 1		Included in Net Income		Included in OCI		Purchases		Sales		Settlements		Transfers into  Level 3		Transfers out of Level 3		Balance, March 31
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities:
Corporate bonds and other	$	937	$	(1)	$	(71)	$	67	$	(5)	$	(22)	$	10			$	915			$	(72)
States, municipalities and political
subdivisions	56				(5)												51				(5)
Asset-backed	556		3		(32)		140				(17)		5		$	(51)	604				(31)
Fixed maturities available-for-sale	1,549		2		(108)		207		(5)		(39)		15		(51)		1,570		$	—	(108)
Fixed maturities trading	—																—
Total fixed maturities	$	1,549	$	2	$	(108)	$	207	$	(5)	$	(39)	$	15	$	(51)	$	1,570	$	—	$	(108)
Equity securities	$	29	$	3			$	12									$	44	$	3

Net investment gains and losses are reported in Net income as follows:

Major Category of Assets and Liabilities	Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations Line Items
Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale	Investment gains (losses)
Fixed maturity securities trading	Net investment income
Equity securities	Investment gains (losses) and Net investment income
Other invested assets	Investment gains (losses) and Net investment income
Derivative financial instruments held in a trading portfolio	Net investment income
Derivative financial instruments, other	Investment gains (losses) and Operating revenues and other

Significant Unobservable Inputs

The following tables present quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs utilized in the fair value measurement of Level 3 assets. Valuations for assets and liabilities not presented in the tables below are primarily based on broker/dealer quotes for which there is a lack of transparency as to inputs used to develop the valuations. The quantitative detail of unobservable inputs from these broker quotes is neither provided nor reasonably available. The weighted average rate is calculated based on fair value.

March 31, 2023	Estimated Fair Value		Valuation Techniques	Unobservable Inputs	Range (Weighted Average)
	(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities	$	1,340	Discounted cash flow	Credit spread	1%	—	8%	(3%)
December 31, 2022
Fixed maturity securities	$	1,177	Discounted cash flow	Credit spread	1%	—	8%	(2%)

Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value

The carrying amount, estimated fair value and the level of the fair value hierarchy of the financial assets and liabilities which are not measured at fair value on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets are presented in the following tables. The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of short term debt and long term debt exclude finance lease obligations. The carrying amounts reported on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets for cash and short term investments not carried at fair value and certain other assets and liabilities approximate fair value due to the short term nature of these items.

	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value
March 31, 2023			Level 1	Level 2		Level 3		Total
(In millions)
Assets:
Other invested assets, primarily mortgage loans	$	1,006				$	958	$	958
Liabilities:
Short term debt	907			$	742	166		908
Long term debt	8,146			7,167		568		7,735
December 31, 2022
Assets:
Other invested assets, primarily mortgage loans	$	1,040				$	973	$	973
Liabilities:
Short term debt	853			$	744	111		855
Long term debt	8,160			7,035		586		7,621

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Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Insurance [Abstract]

Reconciliation of Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves

The following table presents a reconciliation between beginning and ending claim and claim adjustment expense reserves.

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022 (a)
(In millions)
Reserves, beginning of year:
Gross	$	22,120	$	21,269
Ceded	5,191		4,969
Net reserves, beginning of year	16,929		16,300
Net incurred claim and claim adjustment expenses:
Provision for insured events of current year	1,326		1,188
Increase (decrease) in provision for insured events of prior years	13		(7)
Amortization of discount	11		12
Total net incurred (b)	1,350		1,193
Net payments attributable to:
Current year events	(72)		(68)
Prior year events	(1,042)		(920)
Total net payments	(1,114)		(988)
Foreign currency translation adjustment and other	35		(92)
Net reserves, end of period	17,200		16,413
Ceded reserves, end of period	5,209		5,002
Gross reserves, end of period	$	22,409	$	21,415

(a)	In conjunction with the adoption of ASU 2018-22, at January 1, 2023, long term care reserves for policyholders currently receiving benefits were reclassified from Claim and claim adjustment expenses into Future policy benefits and this change was applied retrospectively as of January 1, 2021. For additional information see Note 1.
(b)	Total net incurred above does not agree to Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits as reflected on the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations due to amounts related to retroactive reinsurance deferred gain accounting and uncollectible reinsurance, which are not reflected in the table above.

Net Prior Year Loss Reserve Development in Property and Casualty Operations

The following table presents details of the net prior year loss reserve development in Property & Casualty Operations:

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022
(In millions)
Medical professional liability	$	9	$	8
Surety			(9)
Workers’ compensation	(2)		(2)
Property and other	6		(9)
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$	13	$	(12)

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Future Policy Benefits Reserves (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Insurance [Abstract]

Schedule of Liability for Future Policy Benefit

The following table summarizes balances and changes in the LFPB.

	2023		2022
(In millions)
Present value of future net premiums
Balance, January 1	$	3,993	$	4,735
Effect of changes in discount rate	(74)		(880)
Balance, January 1, at original locked in discount rate	3,919		3,855
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions (a)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience (a)	(49)		(18)
Adjusted balance, January 1	3,870		3,837
Interest accrual	52		53
Net premiums: earned during period	(111)		(112)
Balance, end of period at original locked in discount rate	3,811		3,778
Effect of changes in discount rate	154		525
Balance, March 31	$	3,965	$	4,303
Present value of future benefits & expenses
Balance, January 1	$	17,472	$	22,745
Effect of changes in discount rate	(125)		(5,942)
Balance, January 1, at original locked in discount rate	17,347		16,803
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions (a)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience (a)	(50)		(23)
Adjusted balance, January 1	17,297		16,780
Interest accrual	242		241
Benefit & expense payments	(302)		(233)
Balance, end of period at original locked in discount rate	17,237		16,788
Effect of changes in discount rate	704		3,517
Balance, March 31	$	17,941	$	20,305
Net LFPB	$	13,976	$	16,002

(a) As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, the re-measurement gain of $1 million and $5 million presented parenthetically on the Consolidated Condensed Statement of Operations is comprised of the effect of changes in cash flow assumptions and the effect of actual variances from expected experience.

The following table presents undiscounted expected future benefit and expense payments and undiscounted expected future gross premiums.

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022
(In millions)
Expected future benefit and expense payments	$	33,759	$	33,674
Expected future gross premiums	5,729		5,969

The weighted average interest rates in the table below are calculated based on the rate used to discount all future cash flows.

	March 31,				December 31,
	2023		2022		2022
Original locked in discount rate	5.26	%	5.31	%	5.27	%
Upper-medium grade fixed income instrument discount rate	4.92		3.67		5.23

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Shareholders' Equity (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The tables below present the changes in AOCI by component for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2023:

	Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments with an Allowance for Credit Losses		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Other Investments		Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges		Pension and Postretirement Benefits		Cumulative impact of changes in discount rates used to measure long duration contracts		Foreign Currency Translation		Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(In millions)
Balance, January 1, 2022, as reported	$	(2)	$	930	$	(6)	$	(636)	$	—	$	(100)	$	186
Cumulative effect adjustments from changes in accounting standards (Note 1), after tax of $0, $617, $0, $0, $(1,063) and $0			2,079						(3,585)				(1,506)
Balance, January 1, 2022, as adjusted	(2)		3,009		(6)		(636)		(3,585)		(100)		(1,320)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, after tax of $1, $699, $(2), $(2), $(435)and $0	(4)		(2,644)		15		2		1,635		(15)		(1,011)
Reclassification of losses from accumulated other comprehensive loss, after tax of $0, $(1), $(1), $(2), $0 and $0			1		3		5						9
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(4)		(2,643)		18		7		1,635		(15)		(1,002)
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests			275				(1)		(169)		1		106
Balance, March 31, 2022	$	(6)	$	641	$	12	$	(630)	$	(2,119)	$	(114)	$	(2,216)
Balance, January 1, 2023, as reported	$	(7)	$	(2,469)	$	14	$	(622)	$	—	$	(200)	$	(3,284)
Cumulative effect adjustments from changes in accounting standards (Note 1), after tax of $0, $0, $0, $0, $11 and $0									(36)				(36)
Balance, January 1, 2023, as adjusted	(7)		(2,469)		14		(622)		(36)		(200)		(3,320)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, after tax of $2, $(176), $1, $0, $105 and $0	(8)		652		(2)				(396)		16		262
Reclassification of losses from accumulated other comprehensive loss, after tax of $0, $(4), $0, $(2), $0 and $0			18				9						27
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(8)		670		(2)		9		(396)		16		289
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	1		(68)				(1)		39		(2)		(31)
Balance, March 31, 2023	$	(14)	$	(1,867)	$	12	$	(614)	$	(393)	$	(186)	$	(3,062)

Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Amounts reclassified from AOCI shown above are reported in Net income (loss) as follows:

Major Category of AOCI	Affected Line Item
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments with an allowance for credit losses and Net unrealized gains (losses) on other investments	Investment gains (losses)
Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges	Operating revenues and other, Interest expense and Operating expenses and other
Pension and postretirement benefits	Operating expenses and other

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Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents revenues from contracts with customers disaggregated by revenue type along with the reportable segment and a reconciliation to Operating revenues and other as reported in Note 11:

Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022
(In millions)
Non-insurance warranty – CNA Financial	$	407	$	382
Transportation and storage of natural gas and NGLs and other services – Boardwalk Pipelines	$	386	$	370
Lodging and related services – Loews Hotels & Co	185		146
Total revenues from contracts with customers	571		516
Other revenues	23		24
Operating revenues and other	$	594	$	540

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Benefit Plans (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Net Periodic (Benefit) Cost Components

The following table presents the components of net periodic (benefit) cost for the defined benefit plans:

	Pension Benefits				Other Postretirement Benefits
Three Months Ended March 31	2023		2022		2023		2022
(In millions)
Service cost	$	1	$	1
Interest cost	28		19		$	1
Expected return on plan assets	(32)		(43)		(1)
Amortization of unrecognized net loss	9		8
Settlements			1
Regulatory asset decrease			1
Net periodic (benefit) cost	$	6	$	(13)	$	—	$	—

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Segments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment

Statements of Operations by segment are presented in the following tables.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023	CNA Financial		Boardwalk Pipelines		Loews Hotels & Co		Corporate		Total
(In millions)
Revenues:
Insurance premiums	$	2,248							$	2,248
Net investment income	525		$	1	$	1	$	42	569
Investment losses	(35)								(35)
Non-insurance warranty revenue	407								407
Operating revenues and other	7		396		191				594
Total	3,152		397		192		42		3,783
Expenses:
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits	1,653								1,653
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	379								379
Non-insurance warranty expense	384								384
Operating expenses and other	337		242		183		19		781
Equity method (income) loss					(31)		3		(28)
Interest	28		39		6		22		95
Total	2,781		281		158		44		3,264
Income (loss) before income tax	371		116		34		(2)		519
Income tax expense	(74)		(30)		(10)		(1)		(115)
Net income (loss)	297		86		24		(3)		404
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	(29)								(29)
Net income (loss) attributable to Loews Corporation	$	268	$	86	$	24	$	(3)	$	375

Three Months Ended March 31, 2022	CNA Financial (a)		Boardwalk Pipelines		Loews Hotels & Co		Corporate		Total (a)
(In millions)
Revenues:
Insurance premiums	$	2,059							$	2,059
Net investment income (loss)	448						$	(16)	432
Investment losses	(11)								(11)
Non-insurance warranty revenue	382								382
Operating revenues and other	7		$	381	$	152			540
Total	2,885		381		152		(16)		3,402
Expenses:
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits	1,478								1,478
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	344								344
Non-insurance warranty expense	354								354
Operating expenses and other	326		217		152		21		716
Equity method (income) loss					(26)		1		(25)
Interest	28		42		4		22		96
Total	2,530		259		130		44		2,963
Income (loss) before income tax	355		122		22		(60)		439
Income tax (expense) benefit	(60)		(31)		(7)		11		(87)
Net income (loss)	295		91		15		(49)		352
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	(30)								(30)
Net income (loss) attributable to Loews Corporation	$	265	$	91	$	15	$	(49)	$	322

(a) As of January 1, 2023, ASU 2018-12 was adopted using the modified retrospective method applied as of the transition date of January 1, 2021. Prior period amounts in the financial statements have been adjusted to reflect application of the new standard. For additional information see Note 1.

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Basis of Presentation - Additional Information (Details)	Mar. 31, 2023
CNA
Basis of Presentation [Abstract]
Subsidiary ownership percentage	90.00%

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Basis of Presentation - Pre-Transition LFPB to Adjusted Opening Balance (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Present value of future net premiums
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions
Balance as of January 1, 2021, as adjusted	$ 13,480
Accounting Standards Update [Extensible Enumeration]	Accounting Standards Update 2018-12 [Member]
As Reported
Present value of future net premiums
Balance as of January 1, 2021, as adjusted	$ 10,151
Reclassification of reserves for policyholders currently receiving benefits to Future policy benefits
Present value of future net premiums
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions			$ 2,844
De-recognition of shadow reserves
Present value of future net premiums
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions			(3,293)
Re-measurement using an upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yield discount rate
Present value of future net premiums
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions			6,255
Other adjustments
Present value of future net premiums
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions			$ 8

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Basis of Presentation - Effects of Adoption of ASU 2018-12, Stockholders' Equity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total equity	$ 15,314	$ 15,201	$ 16,576	$ 17,471
As Reported
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total equity		15,478		19,175
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total equity	(3,062)	(3,320)	(2,216)	(1,320)	$ (1,516)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | As Reported
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total equity		(3,284)		186	581
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | De-recognition of shadow reserves
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total equity					2,331
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Re-measurement of LFPB using an upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yield discount rate
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total equity					(4,428)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Other adjustments
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total equity
Retained Earnings
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total equity	15,293	14,931	15,059	14,754	14,145
Retained Earnings | As Reported
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total equity		15,144		14,776	14,150
Retained Earnings | De-recognition of shadow reserves
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total equity
Retained Earnings | Re-measurement of LFPB using an upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yield discount rate
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total equity
Retained Earnings | Other adjustments
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total equity					(5)
Noncontrolling Interests
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total equity	$ 863	852	$ 1,004	1,153	1,077
Noncontrolling Interests | As Reported
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total equity		$ 880		$ 1,329	1,321
Noncontrolling Interests | De-recognition of shadow reserves
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total equity					270
Noncontrolling Interests | Re-measurement of LFPB using an upper-medium grade fixed income instrument yield discount rate
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total equity					(513)
Noncontrolling Interests | Other adjustments
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Total equity					$ (1)

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Basis of Presentation - Effects of Adoption of ASU 2018-12, Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits	$ 1,653	$ 1,478
Income before income tax	519	439
Income tax expense	(115)	(87)
Net income	404	352
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	(29)	(30)
Net income attributable to Loews Corporation	$ 375	$ 322
Basic net income per share (in dollars per share)	$ 1.61	$ 1.30
Diluted net income per share (in dollars per share)	$ 1.61	$ 1.29
Re-measurement gain of insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits	$ 1	$ 5
As Reported
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits		1,455
Income before income tax		462
Income tax expense		(92)
Net income		370
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests		(32)
Net income attributable to Loews Corporation		$ 338
Basic net income per share (in dollars per share)		$ 1.36
Diluted net income per share (in dollars per share)		$ 1.36
Effect of Adoption
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits		$ 23
Income before income tax		(23)
Income tax expense		5
Net income		(18)
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests		2
Net income attributable to Loews Corporation		$ (16)
Basic net income per share (in dollars per share)		$ (0.06)
Diluted net income per share (in dollars per share)		$ (0.07)

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Basis of Presentation - Adoption on Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Other assets	$ 3,994	$ 4,014
Total assets	76,560	75,567
Claim and claim adjustment expense	22,409	22,120	$ 21,415	$ 21,269
Future policy benefits	13,976	13,480	16,002		$ 19,132
Total liabilities	61,246	60,366
Retained earnings	15,293	14,931
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(3,062)	(3,320)
Noncontrolling interests	863	852
Total equity	$ 15,314	15,201	$ 16,576	17,471
As Reported
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Other assets		3,941
Total assets		75,494
Claim and claim adjustment expense		25,099
Future policy benefits		10,151			$ 13,318
Total liabilities		60,016
Retained earnings		15,144
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(3,284)
Noncontrolling interests		880
Total equity		15,478		19,175
Effect of Adoption
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Other assets		73
Total assets		73
Claim and claim adjustment expense		(2,979)
Future policy benefits		3,329
Total liabilities		350
Retained earnings		(213)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(36)
Noncontrolling interests		(28)
Total equity		$ (277)		$ (1,704)

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Basis of Presentation - Adoption on Consolidated Condensed Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Changes in: Net unrealized losses on other investments	$ 670	$ (2,643)
Total unrealized losses on investments	662	(2,647)
Impact of changes in discount rates used to measure long-duration contract liabilities	(396)	1,635
Other comprehensive loss	289	(1,002)
Comprehensive loss	693	(650)
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	(60)	76
Total comprehensive loss attributable to Loews Corporation	$ 633	(574)
As Reported
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Changes in: Net unrealized losses on other investments		(1,611)
Total unrealized losses on investments		(1,615)
Other comprehensive loss		(1,605)
Comprehensive loss		(1,235)
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests		136
Total comprehensive loss attributable to Loews Corporation		(1,099)
Effect of Adoption
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Changes in: Net unrealized losses on other investments		(1,032)
Total unrealized losses on investments		(1,032)
Impact of changes in discount rates used to measure long-duration contract liabilities		1,635
Other comprehensive loss		603
Comprehensive loss		585
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests		(60)
Total comprehensive loss attributable to Loews Corporation		$ 525

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Basis of Presentation - Adoption on Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Net income	$ 404	$ 352
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities, net	204	328
Changes in: Insurance reserves	$ 432	512
As Reported
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Net income		370
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities, net		333
Changes in: Insurance reserves		489
Effect of Adoption
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Net income		(18)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities, net		(5)
Changes in: Insurance reserves		$ 23

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Basis of Presentation - Adoption on Segment Results of Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits	$ 1,653	$ 1,478
Income before income tax	519	439
Income tax expense	(115)	(87)
Net income	404	352
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	(29)	(30)
Net income attributable to Loews Corporation	375	322
Re-measurement gain of insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits	$ 1	5
CNA Financial
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits		1,478
Income before income tax		355
Income tax expense		(60)
Net income		295
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests		(30)
Net income attributable to Loews Corporation		265
As Reported
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits		1,455
Income before income tax		462
Income tax expense		(92)
Net income		370
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests		(32)
Net income attributable to Loews Corporation		338
As Reported | CNA Financial
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits		1,455
Income before income tax		378
Income tax expense		(65)
Net income		313
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests		(32)
Net income attributable to Loews Corporation		281
Effect of Adoption
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits		23
Income before income tax		(23)
Income tax expense		5
Net income		(18)
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests		2
Net income attributable to Loews Corporation		(16)
Effect of Adoption | CNA Financial
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits		23
Income before income tax		(23)
Income tax expense		5
Net income		(18)
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests		2
Net income attributable to Loews Corporation		$ (16)

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Investments - Net Investment Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Investment income, operating	$ 590	$ 451
Investment expenses	(21)	(19)
Net investment income	569	432
Net investment income (loss) recognized due to the change in fair value of equity and trading portfolio securities held as of March 31, 2023 and 2022	11	(31)
Fixed maturity securities
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Investment income, operating	470	429
Limited partnership investments
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Gain (losses) on investments, before investment expenses	27	20
Short term investments
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Investment income, operating	16
Equity securities
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Gain (losses) on investments, before investment expenses	12	2
Income (loss) from trading portfolio
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Gain (losses) on investments, before investment expenses	45	(15)
Other
Net Investment Income [Line Items]
Investment income, operating	$ 20	$ 15

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Investments - Investment Gains (Losses) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Investment Gains (Losses) [Abstract]
Investment losses recognized due to the change in fair value of non-redeemable preferred stock held as of March 31, 2023 and 2022	$ (35)	$ (11)
Nonredeemable Preferred Stock
Investment Gains (Losses) [Abstract]
Investment losses recognized due to the change in fair value of non-redeemable preferred stock held as of March 31, 2023 and 2022	(2)	(38)
Fixed maturity securities
Investment Gains (Losses) [Abstract]
Gross gains	35	26
Gross losses	(57)	(28)
Investment losses recognized due to the change in fair value of non-redeemable preferred stock held as of March 31, 2023 and 2022	(22)	(2)
Equity securities
Investment Gains (Losses) [Abstract]
Investment losses recognized due to the change in fair value of non-redeemable preferred stock held as of March 31, 2023 and 2022	(14)	(38)
Derivative instruments
Investment Gains (Losses) [Abstract]
Investment losses recognized due to the change in fair value of non-redeemable preferred stock held as of March 31, 2023 and 2022		29
Short term investments and other
Investment Gains (Losses) [Abstract]
Investment losses recognized due to the change in fair value of non-redeemable preferred stock held as of March 31, 2023 and 2022	$ 1

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Investments - Available-For-Sale Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Available-For-Sale Impairment Losses [Abstract]
Impairment losses recognized in earnings	$ 8	$ 10
Mortgage Receivable
Available-For-Sale Impairment Losses [Abstract]
Gain (loss) on mortgage loans due to changes in expected credit losses	0	0
Corporate and other bonds
Available-For-Sale Impairment Losses [Abstract]
Impairment losses recognized in earnings	8	8
Asset-backed
Available-For-Sale Impairment Losses [Abstract]
Impairment losses recognized in earnings		$ 2

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Investments - Amortized Cost and Fair Values of Fixed Maturity Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Amortized Cost and Fair Values of Fixed Maturity Securities [Abstract]
Cost or Amortized Cost	$ 41,899	$ 41,102
Gross Unrealized Gains	870	652
Gross Unrealized Losses	3,418	4,056
Allowance for Credit Losses	2	1
Estimated Fair Value	39,349	37,697
Corporate and other bonds
Amortized Cost and Fair Values of Fixed Maturity Securities [Abstract]
Cost or Amortized Cost	24,140	23,137
Gross Unrealized Gains	437	301
Gross Unrealized Losses	1,675	2,009
Allowance for Credit Losses	1
Estimated Fair Value	22,901	21,429
States, municipalities and political subdivisions
Amortized Cost and Fair Values of Fixed Maturity Securities [Abstract]
Cost or Amortized Cost	8,332	8,918
Gross Unrealized Gains	410	338
Gross Unrealized Losses	741	939
Allowance for Credit Losses
Estimated Fair Value	8,001	8,317
Residential mortgage-backed
Amortized Cost and Fair Values of Fixed Maturity Securities [Abstract]
Cost or Amortized Cost	3,066	3,073
Gross Unrealized Gains	6	5
Gross Unrealized Losses	413	447
Allowance for Credit Losses
Estimated Fair Value	2,659	2,631
Commercial mortgage-backed
Amortized Cost and Fair Values of Fixed Maturity Securities [Abstract]
Cost or Amortized Cost	1,868	1,886
Gross Unrealized Gains	5	4
Gross Unrealized Losses	242	255
Allowance for Credit Losses
Estimated Fair Value	1,631	1,635
Other asset-backed
Amortized Cost and Fair Values of Fixed Maturity Securities [Abstract]
Cost or Amortized Cost	3,464	3,287
Gross Unrealized Gains	8	2
Gross Unrealized Losses	306	361
Allowance for Credit Losses	1	1
Estimated Fair Value	3,165	2,927
Asset-backed
Amortized Cost and Fair Values of Fixed Maturity Securities [Abstract]
Cost or Amortized Cost	8,398	8,246
Gross Unrealized Gains	19	11
Gross Unrealized Losses	961	1,063
Allowance for Credit Losses	1	1
Estimated Fair Value	7,455	7,193
U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises
Amortized Cost and Fair Values of Fixed Maturity Securities [Abstract]
Cost or Amortized Cost	126	111
Gross Unrealized Gains		1
Gross Unrealized Losses	2	2
Allowance for Credit Losses
Estimated Fair Value	124	110
Foreign government
Amortized Cost and Fair Values of Fixed Maturity Securities [Abstract]
Cost or Amortized Cost	647	617
Gross Unrealized Gains	1	1
Gross Unrealized Losses	39	43
Allowance for Credit Losses
Estimated Fair Value	609	575
Redeemable preferred stock
Amortized Cost and Fair Values of Fixed Maturity Securities [Abstract]
Cost or Amortized Cost	3	3
Gross Unrealized Gains
Gross Unrealized Losses
Allowance for Credit Losses
Estimated Fair Value	3	3
Fixed maturities available-for-sale
Amortized Cost and Fair Values of Fixed Maturity Securities [Abstract]
Cost or Amortized Cost	41,646	41,032
Gross Unrealized Gains	867	652
Gross Unrealized Losses	3,418	4,056
Allowance for Credit Losses	2	1
Estimated Fair Value	39,093	37,627
Fixed maturities trading
Amortized Cost and Fair Values of Fixed Maturity Securities [Abstract]
Cost or Amortized Cost	253	70
Gross Unrealized Gains	3
Gross Unrealized Losses
Allowance for Credit Losses
Estimated Fair Value	$ 256	$ 70

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Investments - Available-for-sale Securities in Gross Unrealized Loss Position (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Gross Unrealized Losses [Abstract]
Total, Estimated Fair Value	$ 28,266	$ 29,511
Total, Gross Unrealized Losses	3,418	4,056
Fixed maturity securities
Gross Unrealized Losses [Abstract]
Less than 12 Months, Estimated Fair Value	15,037	25,234
Less than 12 Months, Gross Unrealized Losses	790	2,946
12 Months or Longer, Estimated Fair Value	13,229	4,277
12 Months or Longer, Gross Unrealized Losses	2,628	1,110
Total, Estimated Fair Value	28,266	29,511
Total, Gross Unrealized Losses	3,418	4,056
Corporate bonds and other
Gross Unrealized Losses [Abstract]
Less than 12 Months, Estimated Fair Value	10,753	15,946
Less than 12 Months, Gross Unrealized Losses	545	1,585
12 Months or Longer, Estimated Fair Value	6,184	1,634
12 Months or Longer, Gross Unrealized Losses	1,130	424
Total, Estimated Fair Value	16,937	17,580
Total, Gross Unrealized Losses	1,675	2,009
States, municipalities and political subdivisions
Gross Unrealized Losses [Abstract]
Less than 12 Months, Estimated Fair Value	1,708	4,079
Less than 12 Months, Gross Unrealized Losses	87	769
12 Months or Longer, Estimated Fair Value	2,347	456
12 Months or Longer, Gross Unrealized Losses	654	170
Total, Estimated Fair Value	4,055	4,535
Total, Gross Unrealized Losses	741	939
Residential mortgage-backed
Gross Unrealized Losses [Abstract]
Less than 12 Months, Estimated Fair Value	741	1,406
Less than 12 Months, Gross Unrealized Losses	28	144
12 Months or Longer, Estimated Fair Value	1,784	1,143
12 Months or Longer, Gross Unrealized Losses	385	303
Total, Estimated Fair Value	2,525	2,549
Total, Gross Unrealized Losses	413	447
Commercial mortgage-backed
Gross Unrealized Losses [Abstract]
Less than 12 Months, Estimated Fair Value	474	1,167
Less than 12 Months, Gross Unrealized Losses	36	159
12 Months or Longer, Estimated Fair Value	1,072	408
12 Months or Longer, Gross Unrealized Losses	206	96
Total, Estimated Fair Value	1,546	1,575
Total, Gross Unrealized Losses	242	255
Other asset-backed
Gross Unrealized Losses [Abstract]
Less than 12 Months, Estimated Fair Value	1,073	2,087
Less than 12 Months, Gross Unrealized Losses	86	262
12 Months or Longer, Estimated Fair Value	1,474	542
12 Months or Longer, Gross Unrealized Losses	220	99
Total, Estimated Fair Value	2,547	2,629
Total, Gross Unrealized Losses	306	361
Total asset-backed
Gross Unrealized Losses [Abstract]
Less than 12 Months, Estimated Fair Value	2,288	4,660
Less than 12 Months, Gross Unrealized Losses	150	565
12 Months or Longer, Estimated Fair Value	4,330	2,093
12 Months or Longer, Gross Unrealized Losses	811	498
Total, Estimated Fair Value	6,618	6,753
Total, Gross Unrealized Losses	961	1,063
U.S. Treasury and obligations of government-sponsored enterprises
Gross Unrealized Losses [Abstract]
Less than 12 Months, Estimated Fair Value	57	76
Less than 12 Months, Gross Unrealized Losses	1	1
12 Months or Longer, Estimated Fair Value	41	16
12 Months or Longer, Gross Unrealized Losses	1	1
Total, Estimated Fair Value	98	92
Total, Gross Unrealized Losses	2	2
Foreign government
Gross Unrealized Losses [Abstract]
Less than 12 Months, Estimated Fair Value	231	473
Less than 12 Months, Gross Unrealized Losses	7	26
12 Months or Longer, Estimated Fair Value	327	78
12 Months or Longer, Gross Unrealized Losses	32	17
Total, Estimated Fair Value	558	551
Total, Gross Unrealized Losses	$ 39	$ 43

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Investments - Schedule of Unrealized Loss (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Estimated Fair Value	$ 28,266	$ 29,511
Gross Unrealized Losses	3,418	4,056
Additional impairment losses	0
AAA
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Estimated Fair Value	1,424	1,559
Gross Unrealized Losses	260	298
AA
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Estimated Fair Value	4,053	4,327
Gross Unrealized Losses	670	817
A
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Estimated Fair Value	6,440	6,615
Gross Unrealized Losses	619	749
BBB
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Estimated Fair Value	12,651	13,226
Gross Unrealized Losses	1,360	1,621
U.S. Government, Government agencies and Government-sponsored enterprises
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Estimated Fair Value	2,357	2,355
Gross Unrealized Losses	302	337
Non-investment grade
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Estimated Fair Value	1,341	1,429
Gross Unrealized Losses	$ 207	$ 234

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Investments - Allowance for Credit Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Accrued interest receivables on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities	$ 407	$ 389	$ 394
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	1	18
Available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets	9
Securities sold during the period (realized)	6
Intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis	3
Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period	1	(1)
Ending balance	2	17
Corporate bonds and other
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	0	11
Available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets	9
Securities sold during the period (realized)	6
Intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis	3
Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period	1	1
Ending balance	1	12
Asset-backed
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Excluding Accrued Interest, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	1	7
Available-for-sale securities accounted for as PCD assets
Securities sold during the period (realized)
Intent to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis
Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period		(2)
Ending balance	$ 1	$ 5

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Investments - Available-for-sale Fixed Maturity Securities by Contractual Maturity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Cost or Amortized Cost
Cost or Amortized Cost	$ 41,899	$ 41,102
Estimated Fair Value
Estimated Fair Value	39,349	37,697
Available-for-sale Fixed Maturities
Cost or Amortized Cost
Due in one year or less	1,009	1,012
Due after one year through five years	10,486	9,880
Due after five years through ten years	13,763	13,788
Due after ten years	16,388	16,352
Cost or Amortized Cost	41,646	41,032
Estimated Fair Value
Due in one year or less	989	1,001
Due after one year through five years	10,035	9,399
Due after five years through ten years	12,702	12,453
Due after ten years	15,367	14,774
Estimated Fair Value	$ 39,093	$ 37,627

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Investments - Amortized Cost Basis of Mortgage Loans for Each Credit Quality Indicator by Year of Origination (Details) - Commercial mortgage-backed $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Credit Quality Information [Abstract]
2023	$ 12
2022	249
2021	94
2020	149
2019	184
Prior	342
Total	1,030
DSCR Greater than or Equal to 1.6x, LTV Less than 55%
Credit Quality Information [Abstract]
2023
2022	9
2021	13
2020	112
2019	41
Prior	280
Total	455
DSCR Greater than or Equal to 1.6x, LTV 55% to 65%
Credit Quality Information [Abstract]
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
Prior
Total	0
DSCR Greater than or Equal to 1.6x, LTV Greater than 65%
Credit Quality Information [Abstract]
2023
2022	31
2021	11
2020
2019
Prior
Total	42
DSCR Between 1.2 to 1.6x, LTV Less than 55%
Credit Quality Information [Abstract]
2023
2022	5
2021	49
2020	13
2019	43
Prior	47
Total	157
DSCR Between 1.2 to 1.6x, LTV 55% to 65%
Credit Quality Information [Abstract]
2023	12
2022	44
2021
2020	24
2019
Prior	8
Total	88
DSCR Between 1.2 to 1.6x, LTV Greater than 65%
Credit Quality Information [Abstract]
2023
2022	58
2021
2020
2019
Prior
Total	58
DSCR Less than or Equal to 1.2x, LTV Less than 55%
Credit Quality Information [Abstract]
2023
2022	34
2021
2020
2019	35
Prior
Total	69
DSCR Three, LTV 55 to 65%
Credit Quality Information [Abstract]
2023
2022	41
2021
2020
2019	43
Prior
Total	84
DSCR Less than or Equal to 1.2x, LTV Greater than 65%
Credit Quality Information [Abstract]
2023
2022	27
2021	21
2020
2019	22
Prior	7
Total	$ 77

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Investments - Aggregate Contractual or Notional Amounts and Estimated Fair Values Related to Derivative Financial Instruments (Details) - Without hedge designation - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Futures | Options – purchased
Gross Estimated Fair Values of Derivative Positions [Abstract]
Contractual/notional amount	$ 142
Asset, estimated fair value	6
Liability, estimated fair value
Futures | Futures – short
Gross Estimated Fair Values of Derivative Positions [Abstract]
Contractual/notional amount	102	169
Asset, estimated fair value
Liability, estimated fair value	(1)
Warrants
Gross Estimated Fair Values of Derivative Positions [Abstract]
Contractual/notional amount	117	117
Asset, estimated fair value	6	6
Liability, estimated fair value
Interest rate swaps
Gross Estimated Fair Values of Derivative Positions [Abstract]
Contractual/notional amount	240	240
Asset, estimated fair value	16	19
Liability, estimated fair value
Currency forwards
Gross Estimated Fair Values of Derivative Positions [Abstract]
Contractual/notional amount	13	12
Asset, estimated fair value
Liability, estimated fair value	$ (1)	$ (1)

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Investments - Investment Commitments (Details) - Investments in Assets Requiring Future Purchase, Sale or Funding Commitments $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Investment Commitments [Abstract]
Commitments to purchase or fund investments	$ 1,700
Commitments to sell investments	$ 125

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Fair Value - Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis (Details) - Fair Value, Recurring - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value [Abstract]
Debt securities	$ 39,093	$ 37,627
Debt securities, trading	256	70
Debt securities	39,349	37,697
Equity securities	1,057	1,139
Short term and other	3,922	4,706
Receivables	17	19
Payable to brokers	(81)	(82)
Corporate bonds and other
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value [Abstract]
Debt securities	23,637	22,117
States, municipalities and political subdivisions
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value [Abstract]
Debt securities	8,001	8,317
Asset-backed
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value [Abstract]
Debt securities	7,455	7,193
Level 1
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value [Abstract]
Debt securities	135	120
Debt securities, trading	203	1
Debt securities	338	121
Equity securities	607	669
Short term and other	3,854	4,539
Receivables
Payable to brokers	(81)	(82)
Level 1 | Corporate bonds and other
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value [Abstract]
Debt securities	135	120
Level 1 | States, municipalities and political subdivisions
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value [Abstract]
Debt securities
Level 1 | Asset-backed
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value [Abstract]
Debt securities
Level 2
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value [Abstract]
Debt securities	37,143	35,866
Debt securities, trading	53	69
Debt securities	37,196	35,935
Equity securities	421	435
Short term and other	68	167
Receivables	17	19
Payable to brokers
Level 2 | Corporate bonds and other
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value [Abstract]
Debt securities	22,590	21,187
Level 2 | States, municipalities and political subdivisions
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value [Abstract]
Debt securities	7,957	8,274
Level 2 | Asset-backed
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value [Abstract]
Debt securities	6,596	6,405
Level 3
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value [Abstract]
Debt securities	1,815	1,641
Debt securities, trading
Debt securities	1,815	1,641
Equity securities	29	35
Short term and other
Receivables
Payable to brokers
Level 3 | Corporate bonds and other
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value [Abstract]
Debt securities	912	810
Level 3 | States, municipalities and political subdivisions
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value [Abstract]
Debt securities	44	43
Level 3 | Asset-backed
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value [Abstract]
Debt securities	$ 859	$ 788

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Fair Value - Reconciliations of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Corporate bonds and other
Reconciliations for All Assets and Liabilities [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 810	$ 937
Included in Net Income		(1)
Included in OCI	24	(71)
Purchases	81	67
Sales		(5)
Settlements	(3)	(22)
Transfers into Level 3		10
Transfers out of Level 3
Balance at end of period	912	915
Unrealized Gains (Losses) Recognized in Net Income (Loss) on Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Held at March 31
Unrealized Gains (Losses) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Held at March 31	24	(72)
States, municipalities and political subdivisions
Reconciliations for All Assets and Liabilities [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	43	56
Included in Net Income
Included in OCI	1	(5)
Purchases
Sales
Settlements
Transfers into Level 3
Transfers out of Level 3
Balance at end of period	44	51
Unrealized Gains (Losses) Recognized in Net Income (Loss) on Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Held at March 31
Unrealized Gains (Losses) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Held at March 31	1	(5)
Asset-backed
Reconciliations for All Assets and Liabilities [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	788	556
Included in Net Income	5	3
Included in OCI	7	(32)
Purchases	55	140
Sales
Settlements	(9)	(17)
Transfers into Level 3	23	5
Transfers out of Level 3	(10)	(51)
Balance at end of period	859	604
Unrealized Gains (Losses) Recognized in Net Income (Loss) on Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Held at March 31
Unrealized Gains (Losses) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Held at March 31	7	(31)
Fixed maturities available-for-sale
Reconciliations for All Assets and Liabilities [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	1,641	1,549
Included in Net Income	5	2
Included in OCI	32	(108)
Purchases	136	207
Sales	0	(5)
Settlements	(12)	(39)
Transfers into Level 3	23	15
Transfers out of Level 3	(10)	(51)
Balance at end of period	1,815	1,570
Unrealized Gains (Losses) Recognized in Net Income (Loss) on Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Held at March 31	0	0
Unrealized Gains (Losses) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Held at March 31	32	(108)
Fixed maturities trading
Reconciliations for All Assets and Liabilities [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	0	0
Included in Net Income
Included in OCI
Purchases
Sales
Settlements
Transfers into Level 3
Transfers out of Level 3
Balance at end of period	0	0
Unrealized Gains (Losses) Recognized in Net Income (Loss) on Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Held at March 31
Unrealized Gains (Losses) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Held at March 31
Fixed maturity securities
Reconciliations for All Assets and Liabilities [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	1,641	1,549
Included in Net Income	5	2
Included in OCI	32	(108)
Purchases	136	207
Sales	0	(5)
Settlements	(12)	(39)
Transfers into Level 3	23	15
Transfers out of Level 3	(10)	(51)
Balance at end of period	1,815	1,570
Unrealized Gains (Losses) Recognized in Net Income (Loss) on Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Held at March 31	0	0
Unrealized Gains (Losses) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Held at March 31	32	(108)
Equity securities
Reconciliations for All Assets and Liabilities [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	35	29
Included in Net Income	(6)	3
Included in OCI
Purchases		12
Sales
Settlements
Transfers into Level 3
Transfers out of Level 3
Balance at end of period	29	44
Unrealized Gains (Losses) Recognized in Net Income (Loss) on Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Held at March 31	(6)	3
Unrealized Gains (Losses) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Held at March 31

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Fair Value - Significant Unobservable Inputs (Details) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Quantitative Information About the Significant Unobservable Inputs [Abstract]
Estimated Fair Value	$ 39,349	$ 37,697
Level 3 | Fixed maturity securities
Quantitative Information About the Significant Unobservable Inputs [Abstract]
Estimated Fair Value	$ 1,340	$ 1,177
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Valuation Technique [Extensible List]	Discounted cash flow	Discounted cash flow
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Measurement Input [Extensible List]	Credit spread	Credit spread
Credit spread | Minimum | Level 3 | Fixed maturity securities | Discounted cash flow
Quantitative Information About the Significant Unobservable Inputs [Abstract]
Measurement input	0.01	0.01
Credit spread | Maximum | Level 3 | Fixed maturity securities | Discounted cash flow
Quantitative Information About the Significant Unobservable Inputs [Abstract]
Measurement input	0.08	0.08
Credit spread | Weighted Average | Level 3 | Fixed maturity securities | Discounted cash flow
Quantitative Information About the Significant Unobservable Inputs [Abstract]
Measurement input	0.03	0.02

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Fair Value - Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Carrying Amount
Assets:
Other invested assets, primarily mortgage loans	$ 1,006	$ 1,040
Liabilities:
Short term debt	907	853
Long term debt	8,146	8,160
Estimated Fair Value
Assets:
Other invested assets, primarily mortgage loans	958	973
Liabilities:
Short term debt	908	855
Long term debt	7,735	7,621
Estimated Fair Value | Level 1
Assets:
Other invested assets, primarily mortgage loans
Liabilities:
Short term debt
Long term debt
Estimated Fair Value | Level 2
Assets:
Other invested assets, primarily mortgage loans
Liabilities:
Short term debt	742	744
Long term debt	7,167	7,035
Estimated Fair Value | Level 3
Assets:
Other invested assets, primarily mortgage loans	958	973
Liabilities:
Short term debt	166	111
Long term debt	$ 568	$ 586

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Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Insurance [Abstract]
Loss from catastrophes, net of reinsurance	$ 52	$ 19
Pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$ 13	$ (12)

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Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves - Reconciliation of Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Liability for Unpaid Claims and Claims Adjustment Expense [Roll Forward]
Gross reserves, beginning of year	$ 22,120	$ 21,269
Ceded reserves, beginning of year	5,191	4,969
Net reserves, beginning of year	16,929	16,300
Net incurred claim and claim adjustment expenses [Abstract]
Provision for insured events of current year	1,326	1,188
Increase (decrease) in provision for insured events of prior years	13	(7)
Amortization of discount	11	12
Total net incurred	1,350	1,193
Net payments attributable to:
Current year events	(72)	(68)
Prior year events	(1,042)	(920)
Total net payments	(1,114)	(988)
Foreign currency translation adjustment and other	35	(92)
Net reserves, end of period	17,200	16,413
Ceded reserves, end of period	5,209	5,002
Gross reserves, end of period	$ 22,409	$ 21,415

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Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves - Net Prior Year Loss Reserve Development in Property and Casualty Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Net Prior Year Development [Abstract]
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$ 13	$ (12)
Medical professional liability
Net Prior Year Development [Abstract]
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	9	8
Surety
Net Prior Year Development [Abstract]
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development		(9)
Workers’ compensation
Net Prior Year Development [Abstract]
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	(2)	(2)
Property and other
Net Prior Year Development [Abstract]
Total pretax (favorable) unfavorable development	$ 6	$ (9)

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Claim and Claim Adjustment Expense Reserves - A&EP Reserves (Details) - A&EP Reserves - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2010	Dec. 31, 2022
A&EP Reserves [Abstract]
Net A&EP claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserves			$ 1,600
Aggregate limit under A&EP loss portfolio transfer			4,000
Ceded A&EP claim and allocated claim adjustment expense reserves under existing third party reinsurance contracts transferred to NICO under A&EP loss portfolio transfer			1,200
Reinsurance premium paid to NICO under A&EP loss portfolio transfer			2,000
Net reinsurance receivables transferred to NICO under A&EP Loss Portfolio Transfer			215
Total consideration			$ 2,200
Retroactive reinsurance benefit recognized	$ 8	$ 12
Cumulative amounts ceded under loss portfolio transfer	3,500			$ 3,500
Unrecognized deferred retroactive reinsurance benefit	417			$ 425
Fair value of collateral trust account	$ 2,500

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Future Policy Benefits Reserves - Summary of Balances and Changes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Present value of future net premiums
Balance, January 1			$ 3,993	$ 4,735
Effect of changes in discount rate	$ 154	$ 525	(74)	(880)
Balance, January 1, at original locked in discount rate			3,919	3,855
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions
Expect of actual variances from expected experience			(49)	(18)
Adjusted balance, January 1	3,811	3,778	3,870	3,837
Interest accrual	52	53
Net premiums: earned during period	(111)	(112)
Balance, end of period at original locked in discount rate	3,811	3,778
Effect of changes in discount rate	154	525	(74)	(880)
Balance, March 31	3,965	4,303
Present value of future benefits & expenses
Balance, January 1			17,472	22,745
Effect of changes in discount rate	704	3,517	(125)	(5,942)
Balance, January 1, at original locked in discount rate	17,347	16,803
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions
Effect of actual variances from expected experience			(50)	(23)
Adjusted balance, January 1			17,297	16,780
Interest accrual	242	241
Benefit & expense payments	(302)	(233)
Balance, end of period at original locked in discount rate	17,237	16,788
Effect of changes in discount rate	704	3,517	(125)	$ (5,942)
Balance, March 31	17,941	20,305
Net LFPB	13,976	16,002	$ 13,480		$ 19,132
Re-measurement gain of insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits	$ 1	$ 5

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Future Policy Benefits Reserves - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Insurance [Abstract]
Liability for future policy benefit, gross premium income	$ 115	$ 120
Liability for future policy benefit, expected future gross premium, discounted, before reinsurance	$ 4,000	$ 4,600
Liability for future policy benefit, weighted-average duration	12 years	12 years
Liability for future policy benefit, adverse development, expense	$ 13	$ 0
Liability future policy benefit, losses recognized in prior period	$ 11	$ 1

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Future Policy Benefits Reserves - Undiscounted Expected Future Benefit and Expense Payments and Undiscounted Expected Future Gross Premiums (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Insurance [Abstract]
Expected future benefit and expense payments	$ 33,759	$ 33,674
Expected future gross premiums	$ 5,729	$ 5,969

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Future Policy Benefits Reserves - Weighted Average Interest Rates (Details)	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022
Insurance [Abstract]
Original locked in discount rate	5.26%	5.27%	5.31%
Upper-medium grade fixed income instrument discount rate	4.92%	5.23%	3.67%

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Shareholders' Equity - Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 15,201	$ 17,471
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, after tax	262	(1,011)
Reclassification of (gains) losses from accumulated other comprehensive loss, after tax	27	9
Other comprehensive income (loss)	289	(1,002)
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	(31)	106
Balance at end of period	15,314	16,576
As Reported
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	15,478	19,175
Other comprehensive income (loss)		(1,605)
Effect of Adoption
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	(277)	(1,704)
Other comprehensive income (loss)		603
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments with an Allowance for Credit Losses
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	(7)	(2)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, after tax	(8)	(4)
Reclassification of (gains) losses from accumulated other comprehensive loss, after tax
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(8)	(4)
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	1
Balance at end of period	(14)	(6)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, tax	2	1
Reclassification from AOCI, current period, tax	0	0
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments with an Allowance for Credit Losses | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Cumulative effect adjustments from changes in accounting standards			$ 0	$ 0
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments with an Allowance for Credit Losses | As Reported
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	(7)	(2)
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Other Investments
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	(2,469)	3,009
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, after tax	652	(2,644)
Reclassification of (gains) losses from accumulated other comprehensive loss, after tax	18	1
Other comprehensive income (loss)	670	(2,643)
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	(68)	275
Balance at end of period	(1,867)	641
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, tax	(176)	699
Reclassification from AOCI, current period, tax	(4)	(1)
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Other Investments | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Cumulative effect adjustments from changes in accounting standards			0	617
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Other Investments | As Reported
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	(2,469)	930
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Other Investments | Effect of Adoption
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period		2,079
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	14	(6)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, after tax	(2)	15
Reclassification of (gains) losses from accumulated other comprehensive loss, after tax		3
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(2)	18
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests
Balance at end of period	12	12
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, tax	1	(2)
Reclassification from AOCI, current period, tax	0	(1)
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Cumulative effect adjustments from changes in accounting standards			0	0
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges | As Reported
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	14	(6)
Pension and Postretirement Benefits
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	(622)	(636)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, after tax		2
Reclassification of (gains) losses from accumulated other comprehensive loss, after tax	9	5
Other comprehensive income (loss)	9	7
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	(1)	(1)
Balance at end of period	(614)	(630)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, tax	0	(2)
Reclassification from AOCI, current period, tax	(2)	(2)
Pension and Postretirement Benefits | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Cumulative effect adjustments from changes in accounting standards			0	0
Pension and Postretirement Benefits | As Reported
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	(622)	(636)
Cumulative impact of changes in discount rates used to measure long duration contracts
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	(36)	(3,585)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, after tax	(396)	1,635
Reclassification of (gains) losses from accumulated other comprehensive loss, after tax
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(396)	1,635
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	39	(169)
Balance at end of period	(393)	(2,119)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, tax	105	(435)
Reclassification from AOCI, current period, tax	0	0
Cumulative impact of changes in discount rates used to measure long duration contracts | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Cumulative effect adjustments from changes in accounting standards			11	(1,063)
Cumulative impact of changes in discount rates used to measure long duration contracts | As Reported
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	0	0
Cumulative impact of changes in discount rates used to measure long duration contracts | Effect of Adoption
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	(36)	(3,585)
Foreign Currency Translation
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	(200)	(100)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, after tax	16	(15)
Reclassification of (gains) losses from accumulated other comprehensive loss, after tax
Other comprehensive income (loss)	16	(15)
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	(2)	1
Balance at end of period	(186)	(114)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, tax	0	0
Reclassification from AOCI, current period, tax	0	0
Foreign Currency Translation | Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Cumulative effect adjustments from changes in accounting standards			$ 0	$ 0
Foreign Currency Translation | As Reported
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	(200)	(100)
Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	(3,320)	(1,320)
Balance at end of period	(3,062)	(2,216)
Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | As Reported
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	(3,284)	186
Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Effect of Adoption
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ (36)	$ (1,506)

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Shareholders' Equity - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Equity [Abstract]
Purchases of treasury stock (in shares)	8.2	2.1
Purchases of treasury stock	$ 486	$ 129

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Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenues [Abstract]
Revenues from contracts with customers	$ 571	$ 516
Other revenues	23	24
Operating revenues and other	594	540
CNA Financial | Non-insurance warranty
Disaggregation of Revenues [Abstract]
Revenues from contracts with customers	407	382
Boardwalk Pipelines | Transportation and storage of natural gas and NGLs and other services
Disaggregation of Revenues [Abstract]
Revenues from contracts with customers	386	370
Loews Hotels & Co | Lodging and related services
Disaggregation of Revenues [Abstract]
Revenues from contracts with customers	$ 185	$ 146

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Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Deferred revenue	$ 4,710		$ 4,714
Revenue recognized	397	$ 374
Receivables
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Receivables from contracts with customers	160		168
Other Liabilities
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Deferred revenue	$ 4,800		$ 4,800

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Revenue from Contracts with Customers - Performance Obligations (Details) $ in Billions	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligations	$ 13.5
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-04-01
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligations	$ 2.1
Expected timing of satisfaction	9 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-01-01
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligations	$ 2.3
Expected timing of satisfaction	1 year

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Benefit Plans - Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Pension Benefits
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit) [Abstract]
Service cost	$ 1	$ 1
Interest cost	28	19
Expected return on plan assets	(32)	(43)
Amortization of unrecognized net loss	9	8
Settlements		1
Regulatory asset decrease		1
Net periodic (benefit) cost	6	(13)
Other Postretirement Benefits
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit) [Abstract]
Service cost
Interest cost	1
Expected return on plan assets	(1)
Amortization of unrecognized net loss
Settlements
Regulatory asset decrease
Net periodic (benefit) cost	$ 0	$ 0

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Legal Proceedings (Details) $ in Millions	Nov. 12, 2021 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Trial court, plaintiff award	$ 690
Trial court, plaintiff award, plus pre-judgement interest	$ 166

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) $ in Billions	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
CNA Financial
Commitments and Contingencies [Abstract]
Potential amount of future payments under guarantees	$ 1.5

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Segments (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($) subsidiary Segment	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Segments [Abstract]
Number of reportable segments | Segment	4
Number of individual operating subsidiaries | subsidiary	3
Revenues:
Insurance premiums	$ 2,248	$ 2,059
Net investment income	569	432
Investment losses	(35)	(11)
Non-insurance warranty revenue	407	382
Operating revenues and other	594	540
Total	3,783	3,402
Expenses:
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits	1,653	1,478
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	379	344
Non-insurance warranty expense	384	354
Operating expenses and other	781	716
Equity method (income) loss	(28)	(25)
Interest	95	96
Total	3,264	2,963
Income (loss) before income tax	519	439
Income tax expense	(115)	(87)
Net income	404	352
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	(29)	(30)
Net income attributable to Loews Corporation	375	322
CNA Financial
Expenses:
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits		1,478
Income tax expense		(60)
Net income		295
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests		(30)
Net income attributable to Loews Corporation		265
Operating Segments | CNA Financial
Revenues:
Insurance premiums	2,248	2,059
Net investment income	525	448
Investment losses	(35)	(11)
Non-insurance warranty revenue	407	382
Operating revenues and other	7	7
Total	3,152	2,885
Expenses:
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits	1,653	1,478
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs	379	344
Non-insurance warranty expense	384	354
Operating expenses and other	337	326
Equity method (income) loss
Interest	28	28
Total	2,781	2,530
Income (loss) before income tax	371	355
Income tax expense	(74)	(60)
Net income	297	295
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests	(29)	(30)
Net income attributable to Loews Corporation	268	265
Operating Segments | Boardwalk Pipelines
Revenues:
Insurance premiums
Net investment income	1
Investment losses
Non-insurance warranty revenue
Operating revenues and other	396	381
Total	397	381
Expenses:
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs
Non-insurance warranty expense
Operating expenses and other	242	217
Equity method (income) loss
Interest	39	42
Total	281	259
Income (loss) before income tax	116	122
Income tax expense	(30)	(31)
Net income	86	91
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests
Net income attributable to Loews Corporation	86	91
Operating Segments | Loews Hotels & Co
Revenues:
Insurance premiums
Net investment income	1
Investment losses
Non-insurance warranty revenue
Operating revenues and other	191	152
Total	192	152
Expenses:
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs
Non-insurance warranty expense
Operating expenses and other	183	152
Equity method (income) loss	(31)	(26)
Interest	6	4
Total	158	130
Income (loss) before income tax	34	22
Income tax expense	(10)	(7)
Net income	24	15
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests
Net income attributable to Loews Corporation	24	15
Corporate
Revenues:
Insurance premiums
Net investment income	42	(16)
Investment losses
Non-insurance warranty revenue
Operating revenues and other
Total	42	(16)
Expenses:
Insurance claims and policyholders’ benefits
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs
Non-insurance warranty expense
Operating expenses and other	19	21
Equity method (income) loss	3	1
Interest	22	22
Total	44	44
Income (loss) before income tax	(2)	(60)
Income tax expense	(1)	11
Net income	(3)	(49)
Amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests
Net income attributable to Loews Corporation	$ (3)	$ (49)