10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2023

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO

Commission file number 001-13795

AMERICAN VANGUARD CORPORATION

Delaware	95-2588080
(State or other jurisdiction of Incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
4695 MacArthur Court, Newport Beach, California	92660
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(949) 260-1200

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.10 par value	AVD	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer	☐	Accelerated Filer	☒
Non-Accelerated Filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date. Common Stock, $0.10 Par Value—29,415,136 shares as of April 27, 2023.

AMERICAN VANGUARD CORPORATION

INDEX

		Page Number
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	4
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	7
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	18
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	23
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	23
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	24
Item 1A.	Risks Factors	24
Item 2.	Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer	24
Item 6.	Exhibits	25
SIGNATURES		26

2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AMERICAN VANGUARD CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

	For the three months ended March 31
	2023			2022
Net sales	$	124,885		$	149,593
Cost of sales		(86,348	)		(98,198	)
Gross profit		38,537			51,395
Operating expenses		(35,272	)		(36,646	)
Operating income		3,265			14,749
Change in fair value of an equity investment		(22	)		83
Interest expense, net		(1,686	)		(398	)
Income before provision for income taxes		1,557			14,434
Income tax benefit (expense)		361			(4,499	)
Net income	$	1,918		$	9,935
Earnings per common share—basic	$	0.07		$	0.33
Earnings per common share—assuming dilution	$	0.07		$	0.33
Weighted average shares outstanding—basic		28,367			29,677
Weighted average shares outstanding—assuming dilution		29,073			30,349

See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

AMERICAN VANGUARD CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	For the three months ended March 31
	2023		2022
Net income	$	1,918	$	9,935
Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax effects		2,546		7,080
Comprehensive income	$	4,464	$	17,015

See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

AMERICAN VANGUARD CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

ASSETS

	March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	19,568		$	20,328
Receivables:
Trade, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $5,692 and $5,136, respectively		166,120			156,492
Other		9,999			9,816
Total receivables, net		176,119			166,308
Inventories		219,080			184,190
Prepaid expenses		15,324			15,850
Income taxes receivable		4,879			1,891
Total current assets		434,970			388,567
Property, plant and equipment, net		71,538			70,912
Operating lease right-of-use assets		24,460			24,250
Intangible assets, net		181,909			184,664
Goodwill		47,366			47,010
Other assets		10,610			10,769
Deferred income tax assets, net		220			141
Total assets	$	771,073		$	726,313
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	74,887		$	69,000
Customer prepayments		70,338			110,597
Accrued program costs		71,379			60,743
Accrued expenses and other payables		38,038			20,982
Operating lease liabilities, current		5,367			5,279
Total current liabilities		260,009			266,601
Long-term debt, net		97,000			51,477
Operating lease liabilities, long term		19,614			19,492
Other liabilities, net of current installments		4,648			4,167
Deferred income tax liabilities, net		14,808			14,597
Total liabilities		396,079			356,334
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Notes 15 and 17)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.10 par value per share; authorized 400,000 shares; none issued		—			—
Common stock, $0.10 par value per share; authorized 40,000,000 shares; issued  34,463,829 shares at March 31, 2023 and 34,446,194 shares at December 31, 2022		3,446			3,444
Additional paid-in capital		107,591			105,634
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(9,636	)		(12,182	)
Retained earnings		329,812			328,745
Less treasury stock at cost, 5,057,727 shares at March 31, 2023 and 5,029,892 shares at December 31, 2022		(56,219	)		(55,662	)
Total stockholders’ equity		374,994			369,979
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	771,073		$	726,313

See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

AMERICAN VANGUARD CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

For The Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022

(In thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

	Common Stock						Additional			Accumulated Other						Treasury Stock
	Shares			Amount			Paid-in   Capital			Comprehensive Loss			Retained Earnings			Shares		Amount			Total
Balance, December 31, 2022		34,446,194		$	3,444		$	105,634		$	(12,182	)	$	328,745			5,029,892	$	(55,662	)	$	369,979
Stocks issued under ESPP		22,101			2			478			—			—			—		—			480
Cash dividends on common stock    ($0.030 per share)		—			—			—			—			(851	)		—		—			(851	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net		—			—			—			2,546			—			—		—			2,546
Stock-based compensation		—			—			1,474			—			—			—		—			1,474
Stock options exercised; grants,    termination and vesting of    restricted stock units    (net of shares in lieu of taxes)		(4,466	)		—			5			—			—			—		—			5
Shares repurchased		—			—			—			—			—			27,835		(557	)		(557	)
Net income		—			—			—			—			1,918			—		—			1,918
Balance, March 31, 2023		34,463,829		$	3,446		$	107,591		$	(9,636	)	$	329,812			5,057,727	$	(56,219	)	$	374,994
Balance, December 31, 2021		34,248,218		$	3,426		$	101,450		$	(13,784	)	$	304,385			3,361,040	$	(22,739	)	$	372,738
Stocks issued under ESPP		26,751			2			434			—			—			—		—			436
Cash dividends on common stock    ($0.025 per share)		—			—			—			—			(736	)		—		—			(736	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net		—			—			—			7,080			—			—		—			7,080
Stock-based compensation		—			—			1,563						—			—		—			1,563
Stock options exercised; grants,    termination and vesting of    restricted stock units    (net of shares in lieu of taxes)		(183,093	)		(18	)		(2,156	)		—			—			—		—			(2,174	)
Shares repurchased		—			—			—			—			—			332,404		(6,219	)		(6,219	)
Net income		—			—			—			—			9,935			—		—			9,935
Balance, March 31, 2022		34,091,876		$	3,410		$	101,291		$	(6,704	)	$	313,584			3,693,444	$	(28,958	)	$	382,623

See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

AMERICAN VANGUARD CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	For the three months ended March 31
	2023			2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	1,918		$	9,935
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating    activities:
Depreciation and amortization of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets		5,539			5,230
Amortization of other long-term assets		714			1,173
Provision for bad debts		581			494
Fair value adjustment of contingent consideration		—			599
Stock-based compensation		1,474			1,563
Change in deferred income taxes		122			207
Change in liabilities for uncertain tax positions or unrecognized tax benefits		371			—
Other		94			2
Foreign currency transaction gains		(446	)		(261	)
Changes in assets and liabilities associated with operations:
Increase in net receivables		(8,779	)		(33,660	)
Increase in inventories		(33,731	)		(11,738	)
Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses and other assets		600			(800	)
Change in income tax receivable/payable, net		(2,965	)		3,046
Increase in accounts payable		5,655			9,677
Decrease in customer prepayments		(22,759	)		(44,528	)
Increase in accrued program costs		10,660			24,601
(Decrease) increase in other payables and accrued expenses		(500	)		2,145
Net cash used in operating activities		(41,452	)		(32,315	)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures		(2,590	)		(3,294	)
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment		—			54
Acquisition of a product line		(703	)		—
Intangible assets		(15	)		(1,010	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(3,308	)		(4,250	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Payments under line of credit agreement		(27,300	)		(12,000	)
Borrowings under line of credit agreement		72,000			58,000
Net receipt from the issuance of common stock under ESPP		480			436
Net receipt from the exercise of stock options		18			—
Receipt payment for tax withholding on stock-based compensation awards		(13	)		(2,174	)
Repurchase of common stock		(557	)		(6,219	)
Payment of cash dividends		(851	)		(594	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		43,777			37,449
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(983	)		884
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		223			672
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		20,328			16,285
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	19,568		$	17,841

See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

AMERICAN VANGUARD CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(In thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of American Vanguard Corporation and Subsidiaries (“AVD” or “the Company”) have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of consolidating adjustments, eliminations and normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023. The financial statements and related notes do not include all information and footnotes required by US GAAP for annual reports. This quarterly report should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Certain operating cash flow items have been reclassified in the prior period condensed consolidated financial statements to conform with the March 31, 2023 presentation.

2. Leases — The Company has operating leases for warehouses, manufacturing facilities, offices, cars, railcars and certain equipment. The lease term includes the non-cancellable period of the lease plus any additional periods covered by either an option to extend (or not terminate) that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise. The Company has leases with a lease term ranging from one year to 20 years.

Finance leases are immaterial to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. There were no lease transactions with related parties as of and for the three-month periods presented in the table below.

The operating lease expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $1,637 and $1,604, respectively. Lease expenses related to variable lease payments and short-term leases were immaterial. Other information related to operating leases follows:

	Three months ended March 31, 2023		Three months ended March 31, 2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities	$	1,644	$	1,674
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new liabilities	$	1,884	$	926

The weighted-average remaining lease term and discount rate related to the operating leases as of March 31, 2023 were as follows:

Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)	5.68
Weighted-average discount rate	4.12	%

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases as of March 31, 2023 were as follows:

2023 (excluding three months ended March 31, 2023)	$	4,625
2024		5,657
2025		5,143
2026		3,926
2027		2,662
Thereafter		6,200
Total lease payments	$	28,213
Less: imputed interest		(3,232	)
Total	$	24,981
Amounts recognized in the condensed consolidated balance sheet:
Operating lease liabilities, current	$	5,367
Operating lease liabilities, long term	$	19,614

8

3. Revenue Recognition —The Company recognizes revenue from the sale of its products, which include crop and non-crop products. The Company sells its products to customers, which include distributors, retailers, and growers. In addition, the Company recognizes royalty income from licensing agreements. The Company has one reportable segment. Selective enterprise information of sales disaggregated by category and geographic region is as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Net sales:
U.S. crop	$	61,876	$	88,193
U.S. non-crop		13,899		13,396
Total U.S.		75,775		101,589
International		49,110		48,004
Total net sales:	$	124,885	$	149,593
Timing of revenue recognition:
Goods and services transferred at a point in time	$	124,842	$	149,487
Goods and services transferred over time		43		106
Total net sales:	$	124,885	$	149,593

Contract assets relate to royalties earned on certain functional licenses granted for the use of the Company’s intellectual property and amounted to $3,100 at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The short-term and long-term contract assets of $2,295 and $805 are included in other receivables and other assets, respectively, on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, the short-term and long-term assets amounted to $2,098 and $1,002, respectively.

The Company sometimes receives payments from its customers in advance of goods and services being provided in return for early cash incentive programs. These payments are included in customer prepayments on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Revenue recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2023, that was included in customer prepayments at the beginning of 2023, was $22,759 and $17,500 was reclassified to accrued expenses and other payables. The Company expects to recognize all its remaining customer prepayments as revenue in fiscal 2023.

4. Property, Plant and Equipment — Property, plant and equipment at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consists of the following:

	March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Land	$	2,761		$	2,757
Buildings and improvements		20,918			20,794
Machinery and equipment		146,047			142,980
Office furniture, fixtures and equipment		11,266			13,231
Automotive equipment		1,490			1,584
Construction in progress		4,622			5,897
Total		187,104			187,243
Less accumulated depreciation		(115,566	)		(116,331	)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	71,538		$	70,912

The Company recognized depreciation expense related to property and equipment of $2,179 and $2,103 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Substantially all of the Company’s assets are pledged as collateral with its lender banks.

9

5. Inventories — Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) or average cost method. The components of inventories consist of the following:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Finished products	$	185,992	$	155,128
Raw materials		33,088		29,062
Inventories	$	219,080	$	184,190

6. Segment Reporting — Based on similar economic and operational characteristics, the Company’s business is aggregated into one reportable segment. Selective enterprise information is as follows:

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2023			2022			Change			% Change
Net sales:
U.S. crop	$	61,876		$	88,193		$	(26,317	)		-30	%
U.S. non-crop		13,899			13,396			503			4	%
Total U.S.		75,775			101,589			(25,814	)		-25	%
International		49,110			48,004			1,106			2	%
Total net sales:	$	124,885		$	149,593		$	(24,708	)		-17	%
Cost of sales:
U.S. crop	$	41,254		$	54,200		$	(12,946	)		-24	%
U.S. non-crop		8,453			7,629			824			11	%
Total U.S.		49,707			61,829			(12,122	)		-20	%
International		36,641			36,369			272			1	%
Total cost of sales:	$	86,348		$	98,198		$	(11,850	)		-12	%
Gross profit:
U.S. crop	$	20,622		$	33,993		$	(13,371	)		-39	%
U.S. non-crop		5,446			5,767			(321	)		-6	%
Total U.S.		26,068			39,760			(13,692	)		-34	%
International		12,469			11,635			834			7	%
Total gross profit:	$	38,537		$	51,395		$	(12,858	)		-25	%
Gross margin:
U.S. crop		33	%		39	%
U.S. non-crop		39	%		43	%
Total U.S.		34	%		39	%
International		25	%		24	%
Gross margin:		31	%		34	%

7. Accrued Program Costs — The Company offers various discounts to customers based on the volume purchased within a defined time period, other pricing adjustments, volume incentives or other key performance driven payments, which are usually made at the end of a growing season, to distributors, retailers or growers. The Company describes these payments as “Programs.” Programs are a critical part of doing business in both the U.S. crop and non-crop chemicals marketplaces. These discount Programs represent variable consideration. Revenues from sales are recorded at the net sales price, which is the transaction price net of the impact of Programs and includes estimates of variable consideration. Variable consideration includes amounts that are expected to be paid to its customers estimated using the expected value method. Each quarter management compares individual sale transactions with Programs to determine what, if any, estimated program liabilities have been incurred. Once this initial calculation is made for the specific quarter, sales and marketing management, along with executive and financial management, review the accumulated Program balance and, for volume-driven payments, make assessments of whether or not customers are tracking in a manner that indicates that they will meet the requirements set out in agreed upon terms and conditions attached to each Program. Following this assessment, management makes adjustments to the accumulated accrual to properly reflect the Company’s best estimate of the liability at the balance sheet date. Programs are paid out predominantly on an annual basis, usually in the final quarter of the financial year or the first quarter of the following year. No significant changes in estimates were made during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

10

8. Cash Dividends on Common Stock —The Company has declared and paid the following cash dividends in the periods covered by this Form 10-Q:

Declaration Date	Record Date	Distribution Date	Dividend Per Share		Total Paid
March 13, 2023	March 24, 2023	April 14, 2023	$	0.030	$	851
December 12, 2022	December 28, 2022	January 11, 2023	$	0.030	$	851
March 14, 2022	March 25, 2022	April 15, 2022	$	0.025	$	736
December 13,2021	December 27, 2021	January 10, 2022	$	0.020	$	594

9. Earnings Per Share — The components of basic and diluted earnings per share were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Numerator:
Net income	$	1,918	$	9,935
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding-basic		28,367		29,677
Dilutive effect of stock options and grants		706		672
Weighted average shares outstanding-diluted		29,073		30,349

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, no stock options or restricted stock awards were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share.

10. Debt — The Company has a revolving line of credit that is shown as long-term debt in the condensed consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The Company has no short-term debt as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The debt is summarized in the following table:

Long-term indebtedness ($000's)	March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Revolving line of credit	$	97,000		$	52,300
Deferred loan fees		(761	)		(823	)
Total indebtedness, net of deferred loan fees	$	96,239		$	51,477

The deferred loan fees as of March 31, 2023 are included in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Company and certain of its affiliates are parties to a revolving line of credit agreement entitled the “Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement” dated as of August 5, 2021 (the “Credit Agreement”), which is a senior secured lending facility among AMVAC, the Company’s principal operating subsidiary, as Borrower Agent (including the Company and AMVAC BV), as Borrowers, on the one hand, and a group of commercial lenders led by Bank of the West as administrative agent, documentation agent, syndication agent, collateral agent and sole lead arranger, on the other hand. The Credit Agreement consists of a line of credit of up to $275,000, an accordion feature of up to $150,000, a letter of credit and swingline sub-facility (each having limits of $25,000) and has a maturity date of August 5, 2026. The Credit Agreement amended and restated the previous credit facility, which had a maturity date of June 30, 2022. With respect to key financial covenants, the Credit Agreement contains two: namely, borrowers are required to maintain a Total Leverage (“TL”) Ratio of no more than 3.5-to-1, during the first three years, stepping down to 3.25-to-1 as of September 30, 2024, and a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio ("FCCR") of at least 1.25-to-1. In addition, to the extent that it completes acquisitions totaling $15 million or more in any 90-day period, AMVAC may step-up the TL Ratio by 0.5-to-1, not to exceed 4.00-to-1, for the next three full consecutive quarters. Acquisitions below $50 million do not require Agent consent.

11

The Company’s borrowing capacity varies with its financial performance, measured in terms of Consolidated EBITDA as defined in the Credit Agreement, for the trailing twelve-month period. Under the Credit Agreement, revolving loans bear interest at a variable rate based, at borrower’s election with proper notice, on either (i) LIBOR plus the “Applicable Margin” which is based upon the Total Leverage (“TL”) Ratio (“LIBOR Revolver Loan”) or (ii) the greater of (x) the Prime Rate, (y) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5%, and (z) the Daily One-Month LIBOR Rate plus 1.00%, plus, in the case of (x), (y) or (z) the Applicable Margin (“Adjusted Base Rate Revolver Loan”). The Company and the Lenders entered into an amendment to the Credit Agreement, effective March 9, 2023, whereby LIBOR was replaced by SOFR with a credit spread adjustment of 10.0 bps for all SOFR periods. The revolving loans now bear interest at a variable rate based at our election with proper notice, on either (i) SOFR plus 0.1% per annum and the “Applicable Margin” or (ii) the greater of (x) the Prime Rate, (y) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5%, and (z) the Daily One-Month SOFR Rate plus 1.10%, plus, in the case of (x), (y) or (z) the Applicable Margin (“Adjusted Base Rate Revolver Loan”). Interest payments for SOFR Revolver Loans are payable on the last day of each interest period (either one-, three- or six- months, as selected by the Company) and the maturity date, while interest payments for Adjusted Base Rate Revolver Loans are payable on the last business day of each month and the maturity date. The interest rate on March 31, 2023, was 6.53%.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with the TL Ratio but noncompliant with respect to the FCCR. The noncompliance was driven to the lesser extent by a reduction in the Consolidated EBITDA (in the numerator of the FCCR calculation) during the twelve months ended March 31, 2023, and to a greater extent by higher-than-normal distributions (in the denominator of the FCCR calculation) arising from share repurchases made by the Company during the same period. On May 8, 2023, the Company obtained a waiver of the FCCR for the twelve months ended March 31, 2023, and an adjustment to the FCCR terms for the period ending June 30, 2023. The impact of most of the share repurchases will disappear from the denominator in the FCCR calculation in the third quarter of 2023.

At March 31, 2023, according to the terms of the Credit Agreement, as amended, and based on our performance against the most restrictive covenant listed above, the Company had the capacity to increase its borrowings by up to $111,922. This compares to an available borrowing capacity of $200,372 as of December 31, 2022.

11. Classification Corrections — A correction to the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was made in connection with the Company’s operations in Australia, where the Company sells its products to distribution companies as well as directly to growers via third-party agents. The Company identified errors related to the classification of third-party agent’s commission amounts. The Company evaluated these errors and the impact to previously issued financial statements and concluded that the impact of this classification error is not material to any previously issued quarterly or annual financial statements. However, management has recorded a correction adjustment to previously reported financial statement line items and related disclosures. The third-party agents’ commission in the amount of $158 was reclassified from net sales to operating expenses. The impact was an increase in net sales and gross profit in the amount of $158 and an offsetting increase in operating expenses in the same amount. This correction did not have any impact on operating income, net income, and earnings per common share.

12. Change in Accounting Principle — Historically, the Company included warehousing, handling and outbound freight costs in operating expenses on its Consolidated Statements of Operations. Effective January 1, 2023, the Company elected to include these costs in cost of sales instead of operating expenses on its condensed consolidated statements of operations. The effects of the change in accounting have been retrospectively applied to all periods presented. The Company believes that the change in accounting is preferable as it aligns the Company’s classification of this warehousing, handling and outbound freight costs in such a way as to present operational management with a clearer vision of the operational performance by business unit. This accounting change also increases the comparability of the Company’s financial performance with its peer companies as most peer companies include warehousing, handling and outbound freight costs in cost of sales rather than operating expenses. As a result, this change is intended to help interested parties better understand the Company’s performance and facilitate comparisons with most of the Company’s peer companies. The following table compares the Company’s historical classification with the classification after the adoption of the change in accounting for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Classification after adoption of accounting change						Historical classification
	For the three months ended March 31						For the three months ended March 31
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Net sales	$	124,885		$	149,593		$	124,885			149,593
Cost of sales		(86,348	)		(98,198	)		(77,093	)		(88,242	)
Gross profit		38,537			51,395			47,792			61,351
Operating expenses		(35,272	)		(36,646	)		(44,527	)		(46,602	)
Operating income	$	3,265		$	14,749		$	3,265		$	14,749

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The change in accounting principle did not have any impact on operating income, net income and earnings per share.

13. Comprehensive Income — Total comprehensive income includes, in addition to net income, changes in equity that are excluded from the condensed consolidated statements of operations and are recorded directly into a separate section of stockholders’ equity on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. For the three-month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, total comprehensive income consisted of net income attributable to American Vanguard and foreign currency translation adjustments.

14. Stock-Based Compensation — The following tables illustrate the Company’s stock-based compensation, unamortized stock-based compensation, and remaining weighted average amortization period.

	Stock-Based Compensation for the Three months Period		Unamortized Stock-Based Compensation as of March 31		Remaining Weighted Average Period (years)
March 31, 2023
Time-Based Restricted Stock	$	1,198	$	5,304		1.7
Unrestricted Stock		130		87		0.2
Performance-Based Restricted Stock		146		1,978		1.7
Total	$	1,474	$	7,369
March 31, 2022
Time-Based Restricted Stock	$	993	$	5,411		1.7
Unrestricted Stock		117		78		0.2
Performance-Based Restricted Stock		453		2,319		1.7
Total	$	1,563	$	7,808

The Company also granted stock options in past periods. All outstanding stock options are fully vested and exercisable and no expense was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Time-based Restricted and Unrestricted Stock — A summary of nonvested time based restricted and unrestricted stock is presented below:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023					Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Number of Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested shares at December 31st		742,050		$	18.86		817,290		$	17.04
Vested		(2,017	)		15.71		(230,080	)		17.31
Forfeited		(5,479	)		19.87		(24,109	)		17.10
Nonvested shares at March 31st		734,554		$	18.86		563,101		$	16.93

Performance-Based Restricted Stock — A summary of nonvested performance-based stock is presented below:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023				Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Number of Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested shares at December 31st		318,699	$	18.05		379,061		$	16.43
Additional granted (forfeited) based on performance achievement		—		—		(41,088	)		16.56
Vested		—		—		(78,704	)		17.18
Forfeited		—		—		(7,074	)		16.77
Nonvested shares at March 31st		318,699	$	18.05		252,195		$	16.17

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Stock Options — A summary of stock options is presented below:

Time-based Incentive Stock Option Plans

Activity of the incentive stock option plans for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2022		68,896		$	11.49
Options exercised		(1,537	)		11.49
Balance outstanding, March 31, 2023		67,359		$	11.49

All outstanding stock options as of March 31, 2023 have an exercise price of $11.49 and a remaining life of 21 months.

There was no activity during the three months ended March 31, 2022. There were 108,036 incentive stock options outstanding as of March 31, 2022 with an exercise price per share of $11.49 and a remaining life of 33 months.

Performance-based Incentive Stock Option Plan

There was no activity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. There were 81,808 and 114,658 of performance incentive stock options outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and 2022, with an exercise price per share of $11.49 and a remaining life of 21 and 33 months, respectively.

15. Legal Proceedings — During the reporting period, there have been no material developments in legal proceedings that were reported in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, except as described below.

Department of Justice and Environmental Protection Agency Investigation. On November 10, 2016, AMVAC was served with a grand jury subpoena from the United States Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of Alabama, seeking documents regarding the importation, transportation, and management of a specific pesticide. The Company retained defense counsel to assist in responding to the subpoena and otherwise in defending the Company’s interests. AMVAC is cooperating in the investigation. After interviewing multiple witnesses (including three employees before a grand jury in February 2022) and making multiple document requests, the Department of Justice (“DoJ”) identified the Company and a manager-level employee as targets of the government’s investigation. DoJ’s investigation focused on potential violations of two environmental statutes, the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (“FIFRA”) and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (“RCRA”), as well as obstruction of an agency proceeding and false statement statutes. In March 2022, the individual target entered into a plea agreement relating to provision of false information in a government proceeding. In July 2022, the DoJ sent correspondence to the Company’s counsel to the effect that it was focusing on potential RCRA violations relating to the reimportation of Australian containers in 2015. Our defense counsel spoke with DoJ on the subject in early October 2022, at which time DoJ expressed an interest in resolving the matter and stated that it would get back to the Company with its position.

The governmental agencies involved in this investigation have a range of civil and criminal penalties they may seek to impose against corporations and individuals for violations of FIFRA, RCRA and other federal statutes including, but not limited to, injunctive relief, fines, penalties and modifications to business practices and compliance programs, including the appointment of a monitor. If violations are established, the amount of any fines or monetary penalties which could be assessed and the scope of possible non-monetary relief would depend on, among other factors, findings regarding the amount, timing, nature and scope of the violations, and the level of cooperation provided to the governmental authorities during the investigation. As a result, the Company cannot yet anticipate the timing or predict the ultimate resolution of this investigation, financial or otherwise, which could have a material adverse effect on our business prospects, operations, financial condition and cash flows. Accordingly, the Company has not recorded a loss contingency for this matter.

Pitre etc. v. Agrocentre Ladauniere et al. On February 11, 2022, a strawberry grower named Les Enterprises Pitre, Inc. filed a complaint in the Superior Court, District of Labelle, Province of Quebec, Canada, entitled Pitre, etc. v. Agrocentre Ladauniere, Inc. etal, including Amvac Chemical Corporation, seeking damages in the amount of approximately $5 million arising from stunted growth of, and reduced yield from, its strawberry crop allegedly from the application of AMVAC’s soil fumigant, Vapam, in spring of

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2021. Examinations of plaintiff were held in mid-August 2022, during which plaintiff in effect confirmed that he had planted his seedlings before expiration of the full-time interval following product application (as per the product label), that he had failed to follow the practice of planting a few test seedlings before planting an entire farm, and that he had placed his blind trust in his application adviser on all manner of timing and rate. An examination of the Company’s most knowledgeable witness is scheduled to take place in June 2023. The Company believes that the claims have no merit and intends to defend the matter. At this stage in the proceedings, there is not sufficient information to form a judgment as to either the probability or amount of loss; thus, the Company has not recorded a loss contingency for this matter.

Catalano v. AMVAC Chemical Corp. On June 6, 2022, AMVAC was served with a summons and complaint for a matter entitled Andrew Catalano and Ruth Catalano v. AMVAC in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Orange (30-2022-01263987-CU-PL-CXC) in which plaintiff, who worked as a professional applicator of pesticides, including Orthene (for which AMVAC is registrant) seeks damages for an injury (specifically, cardiomyopathy) allegedly arising from his exposure to this product. AMVAC is unaware of any link between cardiovascular disease and Orthene (which has been commercially available for over 30 years) and believes that this case has no merit and intends to defend it vigorously. The Company filed an answer in early July, including multiple affirmative defenses. Further, the parties continue to engage in discovery, and plaintiffs have been unable to supply any data establishing a causal link between use of this product and the heart condition that plaintiff alleges. At this stage, there is not sufficient information to form a judgment as to either the probability or amount of any loss; thus, the Company has not recorded a loss contingency for this matter.

Notice of Intention to Suspend DCPA. On April 28, 2022, the USEPA published a notice of intent to suspend (“NOITS”) DCPA, the active ingredient of an herbicide marketed by the Company under the name Dacthal. The agency cited as the basis for the suspension that the Company did not take appropriate steps to provide data studies requested in support of the registration review. In fact, over the course of several years, the Company cooperated in performing the vast majority of the nearly 90 studies requested by USEPA and had been working in good faith to meet the agency’s schedule. After an appeals court (the Environmental Appeals Board) clarified the proper standard for use at the hearing (namely, whether registrant took appropriate steps to respond to the data call-in), a hearing was held in January 2023 before the ALJ, by which time USEPA had narrowed the scope of its claim to nine outstanding studies, all of which have been started by the Company and none of which are necessary for USEPA to commence its risk assessment. The parties have filed their post-hearing briefs, and the Company expects that the ALJ will render a decision in the near future. During the course of these proceedings, AMVAC has been free to make, sell and distribute both the technical grade material and end-use product and may continue to do so unless and until there is an adverse ruling at both the trial and appellate level (if any). The Company believes that a loss is neither probable nor estimable and, consequently, has not recorded a loss contingency for this matter.

16. Recent Issued Accounting Guidance — In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04 Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, as amended and supplemented by subsequent ASUs (collectively, “ASU 2020-04” and “ASU 2022-06”), which provides practical expedients for contract modifications and certain hedging relationships associated with the transition from reference rates that are expected to be discontinued. This guidance is applicable for borrowing instruments, which use LIBOR as a reference rate, and is available through December 31, 2024. The Company has evaluated this ASU and does not expect its adoption to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

The Company reviewed all other recently issued accounting pronouncements and concluded that they were either not applicable or not expected to have a significant impact to its condensed consolidated financial statements.

17. Fair Value of Financial Instruments — The accounting standard for fair value measurements provides a framework for measuring fair value and requires expanded disclosures regarding fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for an asset or the exit price that would be paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. This accounting standard established a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs, where available. The following summarizes the three levels of inputs required:

•Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2 – Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

•Level 3 – Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

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The carrying amount of the Company’s financial instruments, which principally include cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, approximates fair value because of the relatively short maturity of such instruments. The carrying amount of the Company’s borrowings, which are considered Level 2 liabilities, approximates fair value as they bear interest at a variable rate at current market rates.

The Company measures its contingent earn-out liabilities in connection with business acquisitions at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company may use various valuation techniques depending on the terms and conditions of the contingent consideration including a Monte-Carlo simulation. This simulation uses probability distribution for each significant input to produce hundreds or thousands of possible outcomes and the results are analyzed to determine probabilities of different outcomes occurring. The Company did not have any contingent earn-out liabilities at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The following table illustrates the Company’s contingent consideration movements related to its business acquisitions as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2022:

	Three months ended March 31, 2022
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	786
Fair value adjustment		599
Accretion of discounted liabilities		6
Foreign exchange effect		46
Balance, March 31, 2022	$	1,437

18. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss — The following table lists the beginning balance, quarterly activity and ending balance of accumulated other comprehensive loss, which consists of foreign currency translation adjustments:

	Total
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	(12,182	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax effects of ($89)		2,546
Balance, March 31, 2023	$	(9,636	)
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	(13,784	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax effects of ($48)		7,080
Balance, March 31, 2022	$	(6,704	)

19. Equity Investments — In February 2016, AMVAC Netherlands BV made an investment in Biological Products for Agriculture (“Bi-PA”). Bi-PA develops biological plant protection products that can be used for the control of pests and disease of agricultural crops. As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s ownership position in Bi-PA was 15%. Since this investment does not have readily determinable fair value, the Company has elected to measure the investment at cost less impairment, if any, and also records an increase or decrease for changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of Bi-PA. The Company periodically reviews the investment for possible impairment. There was no impairment or observable price changes on the investment during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. The investment is recorded within other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets and amounted to $2,869 as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

On April 1, 2020, AMVAC purchased 6.25 million shares, an ownership of approximately 8%, of common stock of Clean Seed Capital Group Ltd. (TSX Venture Exchange: “CSX”) for $1,190. The shares are publicly traded, have a readily determinable fair value, and are considered a Level 1 investment. The fair value of the stock amounted to $762 and $784 as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company recorded a loss of $22 and a gain of $83 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The investment is recorded within other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

20. Income Taxes — Income tax benefit was $361 for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to income tax expense of $4,499 for the three-months ended March 31, 2022. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was computed based on the estimated effective tax rate for the full year, adjusted for a benefit from the remeasurement of certain U.S. federal and state deferred taxes, partially offset by an expense attributed to establishing liabilities for uncertain tax positions in the U.S. and India. This calculation resulted in an effective tax rate of minus 23.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to 31.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

It is expected that $1,550 of unrecognized tax benefits will be released within the next twelve months due to expiration of the statute of limitations.

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21. Stock Re-purchase Program — On March 8, 2022, pursuant to a Board of Directors resolution, the Company announced its intention to repurchase an aggregate number of up to 1,000,000 shares of its common stock under a 10b5-1 plan, par value $0.10 per share, in the open market over the succeeding one year, subject to limitations and restrictions under applicable securities laws. During 2022 and 2023, the Company purchased 761,985 shares of its common stock for a total of $14,558 at an average price of $19.11 per share. The 10b5-1 plan terminated on March 8, 2023.

The table below summarizes the number of shares of the Company’s common stock that were repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Three months ended	Total number of shares purchased		Average price paid per share		Total amount paid		Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plan
March 31, 2023		27,835	$	19.96	$	557		—
March 31, 2022		332,404	$	18.71	$	6,219		667,596

22. Supplemental Cash Flow Information

	For the three months ended March 31
Cash paid during the period:	2023		2022
Interest	$	1,316	$	387
Income taxes, net	$	2,104	$	1,454
Non-cash transactions:
Deferred consideration in connection with business acquisitions:		—	$	599
Cash dividends declared and included in accrued expenses	$	851	$	736

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (Numbers in thousands)

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS/RISK FACTORS:

The Company, from time-to-time, may discuss forward-looking statements including assumptions concerning the Company’s operations, future results and prospects. These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors. In connection with the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, the Company provides the following cautionary statements identifying important factors which, among other things, could cause the actual results and events to differ materially from those set forth in or implied by the forward-looking statements and related assumptions contained in the entire Annual Report. Such factors include, but are not limited to: product demand and market acceptance risks; the effect of economic conditions; weather conditions; changes in regulatory policy; the impact of competitive products and pricing; changes in foreign exchange rates; product development and commercialization difficulties; capacity and supply constraints or difficulties; availability of capital resources; general business regulations, including taxes and other risks as detailed from time-to-time in the Company’s reports and filings filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). It is not possible to foresee or identify all such factors. For more detailed information, refer to Item 3., Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk, and Part II, Item 1A., Risk Factors, in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Effective January 11, 2023, the Company includes warehousing, handling and outbound freight costs in cost of sales instead of operating expenses on its condensed consolidated statements of operations. The effects of the change in accounting have been retrospectively applied to all periods presented. The Company believes that the change in accounting is preferable as it aligns the Company’s classification of this warehousing, handling and outbound freight costs in such a way as to present operational management with a clearer vision of the operational performance by business unit. This accounting change also increases the comparability of the Company’s financial performance with its peer companies as most peer companies include warehousing, handling and outbound freight costs in cost of sales rather than operating expenses. As a result, this change is intended to help interested parties better understand the Company’s performance and facilitate comparisons with most of the Company’s peer companies. The change in accounting principle did not have any impact on operating income, net income and earnings per share. Please refer to note 12 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further details.

Overview of the Company’s Performance

Domestic crop sales, and therefore, the Company’s financial performance for the first quarter of 2023 declined in most material respects as compared to the comparable period in 2022. While the domestic farm economy remains strong, supply disruptions and delays in raws and intermediates compounds used to manufacture the Company’s leading corn soil insecticide, coupled with shifts in procurement timing for its herbicides, yielded significantly lower sales in its domestic crop business, as compared to this time last year. By contrast, both the domestic non-crop and international businesses recorded slightly higher sales for the period. With lower sales of the higher margin domestic crop business, the Company’s overall sales and profit performance were adversely affected. While operating expenses declined, factory costs rose primarily as a result of not having the raw materials available to manufacture the corn soil insecticides products and as a result gross profit declined. Further, higher interest expenses (partially offset by lower tax expenses) yielded lower net income for the quarter, as compared to last year.

On a consolidated basis, domestic sales declined 25% while international rose by 2%, resulting in an overall net sales decline of 17%. Further, overall cost of sales, which has been subject to a change in definition to now incorporate the cost of outbound logistics and freight expenses, decreased by 12%. Cost of sales were 69% of sales in 2023, as compared to 66% for the same period of 2022. These factors, taken together with higher manufacturing costs (both labor and service-related), yielded a 25% decrease in gross profit (to $38,537 in 2023 from $51,395 in the comparable quarter of 2022), while overall gross margin percent declined to 31% from 34% quarter-over-quarter.

Operating expenses declined to $35,272 in Q1 2023 from $36,646; however, operating expenses as a percent of net sales rose to 28% in the first quarter of 2023 from 24% in the comparable period of 2022.

Operating income for the period decreased to $3,265 from $14,749, driven by the reduced sales, decreased gross margin percentage and proportionately higher operating expenses. The Company recorded higher interest expense due to federal interest rate increases during the intervening year. These factors yielded net income for the period of $1,918, as compared to $9,935 in the first quarter of 2022. Details on our financial performance are set forth below.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Quarter Ended March 31:

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2023			2022			Change			% Change
Net sales:
U.S. crop	$	61,876		$	88,193		$	(26,317	)		-30	%
U.S. non-crop		13,899			13,396			503			4	%
Total U.S.		75,775			101,589			(25,814	)		-25	%
International		49,110			48,004			1,106			2	%
Total net sales:	$	124,885		$	149,593		$	(24,708	)		-17	%
Cost of sales:
U.S. crop	$	41,254		$	54,200		$	(12,946	)		-24	%
U.S. non-crop		8,453			7,629			824			11	%
Total U.S.		49,707			61,829			(12,122	)		-20	%
International		36,641			36,369			272			1	%
Total cost of sales:	$	86,348		$	98,198		$	(11,850	)		-12	%
Gross profit:
U.S. crop	$	20,622		$	33,993		$	(13,371	)		-39	%
U.S. non-crop		5,446			5,767			(321	)		-6	%
Total U.S.		26,068			39,760			(13,692	)		-34	%
International		12,469			11,635			834			7	%
Total gross profit:	$	38,537		$	51,395		$	(12,858	)		-25	%
Gross margin:
U.S. crop		33	%		39	%
U.S. non-crop		39	%		43	%
Total U.S.		34	%		39	%
International		25	%		24	%
Gross margin:		31	%		34	%

Our domestic crop business recorded net sales during the first quarter of 2023 that were 30% lower than those of the first quarter of 2022 ($61,876 as compared to $88,193). Despite having taken extraordinary measures in the prior year to position suppliers in both the US and China, the Company experienced significant delays in obtaining critical intermediate compounds necessary to formulate our leading granular soil insecticide Aztec®. Ultimately, the Company was able to manufacture and sell only about one-third of the volume of Aztec as it had forecasted. Having already recorded strong sales of Counter® in fourth quarter of 2022, we worked with customers to place other alternative products during the first quarter of 2023 (i.e., Smartchoice®, Index® and Force®) and sold out of those products. Nevertheless, overall net sales of our corn soil insecticides were down about 45% compared to the first quarter of the prior year. In addition, sales of our Impact post-emergent corn herbicides, which (as they related to the wholesale distribution channel) were strong in the prior quarter, decreased in the first quarter due largely to higher-than-normal inventory levels of glyphosate and glufosinate (neither of which the Company sells) in the distribution channel. Further, procurement activity for Dacthal, a specialty crop herbicide, had shifted earlier (into the fourth quarter of 2022) than had been the case in the first quarter of 2022. This resulted in a nearly 40% decline in quarterly sales of our portfolio of herbicide products. By contrast, partially offsetting these declines, we saw a 30% increase in sales of our soil fumigants versus the prior year due in part to the gradual elimination of agricultural water allocation restrictions in California following abundant rainfall and record snowpack accumulation.

Cost of sales within the domestic crop business decreased by 24% (from $54,200 in 2022 to $41,254 in 2023) as a result of decreased volumes, as compared to the first quarter of 2022. In-bound freight costs rose due, in part, to our efforts to expedite shipment of intermediate compounds for Aztec production. Less favorable factory performance (arising from increased labor costs, higher service charges (at our Axis plant) and increased waste disposal charges (at our Los Angeles facility), coupled with lower factory absorption rates due to raw material supply delays that resulted in lower than expected output, led to a 35% decrease in gross profit for domestic crop (from $33,993 in 2022 to $20,622 in 2023).

Our domestic non-crop business posted a 4% increase in net sales in the first quarter 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior year ($13,899 in 2023 v. $13,396 in 2022). In this category, our Dibrom® mosquito adulticide generated steady sales compared to the same quarter of the prior year, as hurricane and tropical storm activity season were consistent with the prior year. Further, royalty and license fees for our Envance proprietary solutions were higher than the first quarter of last year. By contrast, we experienced lighter than normal demand for our commercial pest control products, including pest strips. In addition, we recorded slightly lower net sales from our OHP nursery and ornamental business and the pharmaceutical products of our GemChem business.

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Cost of sales within the domestic non-crop business rose by about 11% in the first quarter 2023, as compared to the same period in the prior year (from $7,629 to $8,453). This was driven by a different mix of products including some lower margin products. With higher costs of sales on a concomitantly lower increase in net sales, gross profit for domestic non-crop decreased by 6% (from $5,767 in 2022 to $5,446 in 2023).

Net sales of our international businesses rose by about 2% during the period ($49,110 in 2023 vs. $48,004 in 2022). This group of businesses experienced increases in herbicides, fungicides, and plant growth regulators, partially offset by minor sales decreases in soil fumigants, foliar insecticides, and soil insecticides. We posted sales increases in the Central American market through our AgriCenter group (up 11%) and enjoyed improved demand for our Assure II herbicide in Canada. Our Australian business delivered higher sales and gross profits versus the prior year, as they focused on a more profitable product mix. Our performance in Mexico remained solid, despite temporary product importation impediments. By contrast, net sales of our business in Brazil declined due to general market inventories. Further, the international business of Agrinos, a key part of our Green Solutions platform, declined slightly in the quarter with lower sales in India and China, partially offset by a modest increase in Ukraine.

Cost of sales in our international business increased by 1% (from $36,369 in 2022 to $36,641 in 2023), which is consistent with the relative increase in net sales. Gross profit for the international businesses increased by about 7% (to $12,469 in 2023 from $11,635 in 2022), which was above the corresponding increase in net sales; the disparity was due largely to the shortage of high-value products produced by the Company domestically.

On a consolidated basis, gross profit for the first quarter of 2023 decreased by 25% (from $51,395 in 2022 to $38,537 in 2023). Decreased sales volume, unavailability of high-margin crop products and higher factory costs all factored into yielding reduced profitability. Overall gross margin percentage ended at 31% in the first quarter of 2023, as compared to 34% in the first quarter of the prior year.

Operating expenses decreased by $1,374 or 4% to $35,272 for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the same period in 2022. The differences in operating expenses by department are as follows:

	2023		2022		Change			% Change
Selling	$	13,371	$	11,243	$	2,128			19	%
General and administrative
Other		9,130		14,994		(5,864	)		-39	%
Proxy activities		541		—		541			100	%
Amortization		3,360		3,439		(79	)		-2	%
Research, product development and regulatory		8,870		6,970		1,900			27	%
	$	35,272	$	36,646	$	(1,374	)		-4	%

•Selling expenses increased by $2,128 for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared with the same period of the prior year. This included increased costs associated with employees and travel expenses as the business continues to grow and return to normal face to face contact with customers, and other costs supporting long term growth offset to a degree by the beneficial movements in some key exchange rates.

•General and administrative expenses decreased by $5,864 for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the same period of 2022. The main drivers were reduced short-term and long-term incentive compensation accruals that reflect the business performance for the first quarter of 2023, and benefits associated with favorable currency movements particularly in the Central America region.

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•The Company spent $541 in fees associated with its proxy activities.

•Research, product development costs and regulatory expenses increased by $1,900 for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to the same period of 2022. The main drivers were increased costs associated with the commercialization of our SIMPAS delivery system and costs associated with product defense and product development activities.

On April 1, 2020, the Company made a strategic investment in Clean Seed Inc., in the amount of $1,190. The Company recorded a negative fair value adjustment in the amount of $22 during the three months ended March 31, 2023, and a positive adjustment in the amount of $83 during the comparative three months of the prior year.

Interest costs net of capitalized interest were $1,686 in the first three months of 2023, as compared to $398 in the same period of 2022. Interest costs are summarized in the following table:

Average Indebtedness and Interest expense

	Q1 2023								Q1 2022
	Average Debt		Interest Expense			Interest Rate			Average Debt		Interest Expense			Interest Rate
Revolving line of credit (average)	$	90,486	$	1,542			6.8	%	$	85,756	$	401			1.9	%
Amortization of deferred loan fees		—		63			—			—		69			—
Amortization of other deferred liabilities		—		—			—			—		6			—
Other interest expense		17,500		128			2.9	%		—		9			—
Subtotal	$	107,986	$	1,733			6.4	%	$	85,756	$	485			2.3	%
Capitalized interest		—		(47	)		—			—		(87	)		—
Total	$	107,986	$	1,686			6.2	%	$	85,756	$	398			1.9	%

The Company’s average overall debt for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $90,486, as compared to $85,756 for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Our borrowings in the three months ended March 31, 2023 were higher when compared to the same period of the prior year, mainly as a result of increased working capital as the business worked through the logistics challenges related to Aztec. As can be seen from the table above, our effective bank interest rate on our revolving line of credit was 6.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to 1.9% in 2022.

Income tax benefit was $361 for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to an income tax expense of $4,499 for the three-months ended March 31, 2022. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was computed based on the estimated effective tax rate for the full year, adjusted for a benefit from the remeasurement of certain U.S. federal and state deferred taxes, partially offset by an expense attributed to establishing liabilities for uncertain tax positions in the U.S. and India. This calculation resulted in an effective tax rate of minus 23.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to 31.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

It is expected that $1,550 of unrecognized tax benefits will be released within the next twelve months due to expiration of the statute of limitations.

Our overall net income for the first three months of 2023 was $1,918 or $0.07 per basic and diluted share, as compared to $9,935 or $0.33 per basic and diluted share in the first quarter of 2022.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

The Company used cash of $41,447 in operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to $32,315 during the three months ended March 31, 2022. Included in the $41,447 are net income of $1,918, plus non-cash depreciation, amortization of intangibles and other assets and discounted future liabilities, in the amount of $6,253, provision for bad debts in the amount of $581 and other in the amount of $94. Also included are stock-based compensation of $1,474, decrease in deferred income taxes of $122, change in liabilities for uncertain tax positions or unrecognized tax benefits of $371, and net change in foreign currency adjustment of $446. These together provided net cash inflows of $10,367, as compared to $18,942 for the same period of 2022.

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During the first three months of 2023, the Company increased net working capital by $52,995, as compared to $55,031 during the same period of the prior year. Included in this change: inventories increased by $33,731, as compared to $11,738 for the first quarter of 2022. Customer prepayments decreased by $22,759, as compared to $44,528 in the same period of 2022, driven by customer decisions regarding demand, payment timing and our cash incentive programs. Our accounts payable balances increased by $5,655, as compared to $9,677 in the same period of 2022. Accounts receivable increased by $8,779, as compared to $33,660 in the same period of 2022. Prepaid expenses decreased by $600, as compared to $800 in the same period of 2022. Income tax receivable increased by $2,965, as compared to a decrease of $3,046 in the prior year. Accrued programs increased by $10,660, as compared to $24,601 in the prior year, as a result of both higher sales and the mix of those sales including products with higher program elements incorporated in pricing. Finally, other payables and accrued expenses decreased by $500, as compared to an increase of $2,145 in the prior year.

With regard to our program accrual, the increase (as noted above) primarily reflects our level and mix of sales and customers in the first quarter of 2023, as compared to the prior year. The Company accrues programs in line with the growing season upon which specific products are targeted. Typically crop products have a growing season that ends on September 30th of each year. During the first quarter of 2022, the Company made accruals for programs in the amount of $23,669 and made payments in the amount of $13,033. During the first quarter of the prior year, the Company made accruals in the amount of $40,469 and made payments in the amount of $15,752.

Cash used for investing activities was $3,308 for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to $4,250 for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The Company spent $2,590 on fixed assets acquisitions primarily focused on continuing to invest in manufacturing infrastructure. In addition, the Company made a payment of $703 for a product acquisition and spent $15 on patents for the Envance technology business.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, financing activities provided $43,777, as compared to $37,449 during the same period of the prior year. Net borrowings under the Credit Agreement amounted to $44,700 in the first quarter of 2023, as compared to $46,000 in the same period of the prior year. The Company paid dividends to stockholders amounting to $851 during the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to $594 in the same period of 2022. The Company paid $557 for the repurchase of 27,835 shares of its common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to $6,219 to purchase 332,404 shares in the same period of the prior year. The Company received $18 from the exercise of stock options. Lastly, in exchange for shares of common stock returned by employees, we paid $13 and $2,174 for tax withholding on stock-based compensation awards during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The Company’s main bank is Bank of the West, a wholly owned subsidiary of BMO Financial Group. Bank of the West has been the Company’s bank for more than 30 years and is the syndication manager for the Company’s revolving line of credit shown as long-term debt in the condensed consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The debt is summarized in the following table:

Long-term indebtedness	March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Revolving line of credit	$	97,000		$	52,300
Deferred loan fees		(761	)		(823	)
Total indebtedness	$	96,239		$	51,477

As of March 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with the Consolidated Funded Debt Ratio but noncompliant with respect to the Fixed Charge Covenant ratio (“FCCR”). The noncompliance was driven by a reduction in the Consolidated EBITDA (in the numerator of the FCCR calculation) during the twelve months ended March 31, 2023, coupled with higher-than-normal distributions (in the denominator of the FCCR calculation) arising from share repurchases made by the Company during the same period. On May 8, 2023, the Company obtained a waiver of the FCCR for the twelve months ended March 31, 2023, and an adjustment to the FCCR terms for the period ending June 30, 2023. The impact of most of the share repurchases will be eliminated from the denominator in the FCCR calculation in the third quarter of 2023.

At March 31, 2023, according to the terms of the Credit Agreement, as amended, and based on our performance against the most restrictive covenant listed above, the Company had the capacity to increase its borrowings by up to $111,922. This compares to an available borrowing capacity of $200,372 as of December 31, 2022.

We believe that anticipated cash flow from operations, existing cash balances and available borrowings under our amended senior credit facility will be sufficient to provide us with liquidity necessary to fund our working capital and cash requirements for the next twelve months.

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RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING GUIDANCE

Please refer to Note 16 in the accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for recently issued and adopted accounting standards.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The Company continually re-assesses the critical accounting policies used in preparing its financial statements. In the Company’s Form 10-K filed with the SEC for the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company provided a comprehensive statement of critical accounting policies. These policies have been reviewed in detail as part of the preparation work for this Form 10-Q. After our review of these matters, we have determined that, during the subject reporting period, there has been no material change to the critical accounting policies that are listed in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Certain of the Company’s policies require the application of judgment by management in selecting the appropriate assumptions for calculating financial estimates. These judgments are based on historical experience, terms of existing contracts, commonly accepted industry practices and other assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically, and the effects of revisions are reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements in the period that revisions are determined to be necessary. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different outcomes or conditions.

Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The Company is exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates, primarily from its borrowing activities. The Company’s indebtedness to its primary lender is evidenced by a line of credit with a variable rate of interest, which fluctuates with changes in the lender’s reference rate. For more information, please refer to the applicable disclosures in the Company’s Form 10-K filed with the SEC for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The Company faces market risk to the extent that changes in foreign currency exchange rates affect our non-U.S. dollar functional currency as to foreign subsidiaries’ revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities. The Company currently does not engage in hedging activities with respect to such exchange rate risks.

Assets and liabilities outside the U.S. are located in regions where the Company has subsidiaries or joint ventures: Central America, South America, North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. The Company’s investments in foreign subsidiaries and joint ventures with a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar are generally considered long-term. Accordingly, the Company does not hedge these net investments.

Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

As of March 31, 2023, the Company has a comprehensive set of disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that all information required to be disclosed in our filings under the Securities Exchange Act (1934) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. As of March 31, 2023, the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, had concluded, based on their evaluation, that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance of the achievement of the objectives described above.

There were no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the most recent quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

The Company was not required to report any matters or changes for any items of Part II except as disclosed below.

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Please refer to Note 14 in the accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for legal updates.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The Company continually re-assesses the business risks, and as part of that process detailed a range of risk factors in the disclosures in American Vanguard’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, filed on March 16, 2023. The following disclosure amends and supplements those risk factors and, except to the extent restated below, there are no material changes to the risk factors as so stated.

Disruption in the global supply chain is creating delays, unavailability and adverse conditions for our industry—Despite improvement in container availability and freight costs, the global supply chain continues to present risk. Industry consolidation, coupled with longer-term production commitments, has materially affected the Company’s supply of raws and intermediates in the past. There is no guarantee that the supply chain condition will materially improve any time soon or that the Company will continue to avoid material disruption. Such disruption could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s operations, financial condition or cash flows.

The Company is dependent upon sole source or a limited number of suppliers for certain of its raw materials and active ingredients—There are a limited number of suppliers of certain important raw materials used by the Company in a number of its products. Certain of these raw materials are available solely from single or very few sources either domestically or overseas. In connection with supply chain disruptions in 2022, phosphorus and related compounds were increasingly difficult to source for our entire industry; ensuring a continuous supply required extraordinary efforts both with respect to sourcing and production planning. That said, there is no guarantee that any of our suppliers will be willing or able to supply products to the Company reliably, continuously and at the levels anticipated by the Company or required by the market. If these sources prove to be unreliable and the Company is not able to supplant or otherwise second source these products, it is possible that the Company will not achieve its projected sales which, in turn, could adversely affect the Company's consolidated financial statements.

The Company benefits from customer early pay in meeting its working capital needs. As is the case with other companies in this industry, the Company receives cash from certain major customers at year-end in exchange for granting discounts on the Company’s products during the first half of the following year. The Company typically uses this cash to pay down secured debt and for other working capital needs. This flow of cash obviates the need for additional borrowing, which, in turn, preserves borrowing capacity used in part for paying customer programs in the middle of the calendar year and, consequently, reduces interest expense. There is no guarantee that the Company’s customers will continue to support the early pay program at current levels. Further a material change in this program could have an adverse effect upon the Company’s liquidity and its ability to meet working capital demands.

Item 2. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer

On March 8, 2022, pursuant to a Board of Directors resolution, the Company announced its intention to repurchase an aggregate number of up to 1,000,000 shares of its common stock under a 10b5-1 plan, par value $0.10 per share, in the open market over the succeeding one year, subject to limitations and restrictions under applicable securities laws. During 2022 and 2023, the Company purchased 761,985 shares of its common stock for a total of $14,558 at an average price of $19.11 per share.

The table below summarizes the number of shares of our common stock that were repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and the three months ended March 31, 2022. The shares and respective amount are recorded as treasury shares on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Three months ended	Total number of shares purchased		Average price paid per share		Total amount paid		Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plan
March 31, 2023		27,835	$	19.96	$	557		—
March 31, 2022		332,404	$	18.71	$	6,219		667,596

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibits required to be filed by Item 601 of Regulation S-K:

Exhibit No.	Description
10.1	Employment Agreement between American Vanguard Corporation and Eric G. Wintemute dated April 1, 2022 (filed with the Securities Exchange Commission on April 7, 2022, and incorporated herein by reference).
18.1	Preferability Letter from Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Regarding Change in Accounting Principle.
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1	Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101	The following materials from American Vanguard Corp’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations; (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income; (iii) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets; (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity; (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text.

25

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	american vanguard corporation
Dated: May 9, 2023	By:	/s/ eric g. wintemute
		Eric G. Wintemute
		Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board
Dated: May 9, 2023	By:	/s/ david t. johnson
		David T. Johnson
		Chief Financial Officer & Principal Accounting Officer

26

EX-18

Exhibit 18.1

May 9, 2023

American Vanguard Corporation

4695 MacArthur Court

Newport Beach, CA 92660

Dear Sirs/Madams:

At your request, we have read the description included in your Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to the Securities and Exchange Commission for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, of the facts relating to the change in the classification of warehousing, handling and outbound freight costsfrom operating expenses to cost of sales in the consolidated statements of operations. We believe, on the basis of the facts so set forth and other information furnished to us by appropriate officials of American Vanguard Corporation (the “Company”), that the accounting change described in your Form 10-Q is to an alternative accounting principle that is preferable under the circumstances.

We have not audited any consolidated financial statements of the Company as of any date. Therefore, we are unable to express, and we do not express, an opinion on the facts set forth in the above-mentioned Form 10-Q, on the related information furnished to us by officials of the Company, or on the financial position, results of operations, or cash flows of the Company.

Yours truly,

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

EX-31

Exhibit 31.1

AMERICAN VANGUARD CORPORATION

CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Eric G. Wintemute, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of American Vanguard Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its condensed consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in according with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures, and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosures controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors:

(a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: May 9, 2023	/S/ ERIC G. WINTEMUTE
	Eric G. Wintemute
	Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board

EX-31

Exhibit 31.2

AMERICAN VANGUARD CORPORATION

CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, David T. Johnson, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of American Vanguard Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its condensed consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in according with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures, and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosures controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors:

(a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: May 9, 2023	/S/ DAVID T. JOHNSON
	David T. Johnson
	Chief Financial Officer & Principal Accounting Officer

EX-32

Exhibit 32.1

AMERICAN VANGUARD CORPORATION

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350 AS ADOPTED

PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of American Vanguard Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2023 as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that based on their knowledge (1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and (2) the information contained in the Report fairly represents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of and for the periods covered in the Report.

/S/ ERIC G. WINTEMUTE

Eric G. Wintemute

Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board

/S/ DAVID T. JOHNSON

David T. Johnson

Chief Financial Officer & Principal Accounting Officer

May 9, 2023

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to American Vanguard Corporation and will be retained by American Vanguard Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

The foregoing certification is being furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission as an exhibit to the Form 10-Q and shall not be considered filed as part of the Form 10-Q.

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Document and Entity Information - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Apr. 27, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2023
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Trading Symbol	AVD
Entity Registrant Name	AMERICAN VANGUARD CORPORATION
Entity Central Index Key	0000005981
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity File Number	001-13795
Entity Tax Identification Number	95-2588080
Entity Address, Address Line One	4695 MacArthur Court
Entity Address, City or Town	Newport Beach
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	92660
City Area Code	949
Local Phone Number	260-1200
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.10 par value
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		29,415,136

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Income Statement [Abstract]
Net sales	$ 124,885	$ 149,593
Cost of sales	(86,348)	(98,198)
Gross profit	38,537	51,395
Operating expenses	(35,272)	(36,646)
Operating income	3,265	14,749
Change in fair value of an equity investment	(22)	83
Interest expense, net	(1,686)	(398)
Income before provision for income taxes	1,557	14,434
Income tax benefit (expense)	361	(4,499)
Net income	$ 1,918	$ 9,935
Earnings per common share—basic	$ 0.07	$ 0.33
Earnings per common share—assuming dilution	$ 0.07	$ 0.33
Weighted average shares outstanding—basic	28,367	29,677
Weighted average shares outstanding—assuming dilution	29,073	30,349

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Statement Of Income And Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 1,918	$ 9,935
Other comprehensive income:
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax effects	2,546	7,080
Comprehensive income	$ 4,464	$ 17,015

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 19,568	$ 20,328
Receivables:
Trade, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $5,692 and $5,136, respectively	166,120	156,492
Other	9,999	9,816
Total receivables, net	176,119	166,308
Inventories	219,080	184,190
Prepaid expenses	15,324	15,850
Income taxes receivable	4,879	1,891
Total current assets	434,970	388,567
Property, plant and equipment, net	71,538	70,912
Operating lease right-of-use assets	24,460	24,250
Intangible assets, net	181,909	184,664
Goodwill	47,366	47,010
Other assets	10,610	10,769
Deferred income tax assets, net	220	141
Total assets	771,073	726,313
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	74,887	69,000
Customer prepayments	70,338	110,597
Accrued program costs	71,379	60,743
Accrued expenses and other payables	38,038	20,982
Operating lease liabilities, current	5,367	5,279
Total current liabilities	260,009	266,601
Long-term debt, net	97,000	51,477
Operating lease liabilities, long term	19,614	19,492
Other liabilities, net of current installments	4,648	4,167
Deferred income tax liabilities, net	14,808	14,597
Total liabilities	396,079	356,334
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Notes 15 and 17)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.10 par value per share; authorized 400,000 shares; none issued	0	0
Common stock, $0.10 par value per share; authorized 40,000,000 shares; issued 34,463,829 shares at March 31, 2023 and 34,446,194 shares at December 31, 2022	3,446	3,444
Additional paid-in capital	107,591	105,634
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(9,636)	(12,182)
Retained earnings	329,812	328,745
Less treasury stock at cost, 5,057,727 shares at March 31, 2023 and 5,029,892 shares at December 31, 2022	(56,219)	(55,662)
Total stockholders’ equity	374,994	369,979
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 771,073	$ 726,313

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement Of Financial Position [Abstract]
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 5,692	$ 5,136
Preferred stock, par value per share	$ 0.10	$ 0.10
Preferred stock, shares authorized	400,000	400,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Common stock, par value per share	$ 0.10	$ 0.10
Common stock, shares authorized	40,000,000	40,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	34,463,829	34,446,194
Treasury stock, shares	5,057,727	5,029,892

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Retained Earnings	Treasury Stock
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 372,738	$ 3,426	$ 101,450	$ (13,784)	$ 304,385	$ (22,739)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		34,248,218				3,361,040
Common stock issued under ESPP	436	$ 2	434
Common stock issued under ESPP, (in Shares)		26,751
Cash dividends on common stock	(736)				(736)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net	7,080			7,080
Stock-based compensation	1,563		1,563
Stock options exercised; grants, termination and vesting of restricted stock units (net of shares in lieu of taxes)	(2,174)	$ (18)	(2,156)
Stock options exercised; grants, termination and vesting of restricted stock units (net of shares in lieu of taxes), Shares		(183,093)
Shares repurchased	(6,219)					$ (6,219)
Shares repurchased (In Shares)						332,404
Net income	9,935				9,935
Balance at Mar. 31, 2022	382,623	$ 3,410	101,291	(6,704)	313,584	$ (28,958)
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022		34,091,876				3,693,444
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 369,979	$ 3,444	105,634	(12,182)	328,745	$ (55,662)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	34,446,194	34,446,194				5,029,892
Common stock issued under ESPP	$ 480	$ 2	478
Common stock issued under ESPP, (in Shares)		22,101
Cash dividends on common stock	(851)				(851)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net	2,546			2,546
Stock-based compensation	1,474		1,474
Stock options exercised; grants, termination and vesting of restricted stock units (net of shares in lieu of taxes)	5		5
Stock options exercised; grants, termination and vesting of restricted stock units (net of shares in lieu of taxes), Shares		(4,466)
Shares repurchased	(557)					$ (557)
Shares repurchased (In Shares)						27,835
Net income	1,918				1,918
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ 374,994	$ 3,446	$ 107,591	$ (9,636)	$ 329,812	$ (56,219)
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023	34,463,829	34,463,829				5,057,727

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Statement Of Stockholders Equity [Abstract]
Cash dividends on common stock, per share	$ 0.030	$ 0.025

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 1,918	$ 9,935
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets	5,539	5,230
Amortization of other long-term assets	714	1,173
Provision for bad debts	581	494
Fair value adjustment of contingent consideration	0	599
Stock-based compensation	1,474	1,563
Change in deferred income taxes	122	207
Changes in liabilities for uncertain tax positions or unrecognized tax benefits	371	0
Other	94	2
Foreign currency transaction gains	(446)	(261)
Changes in assets and liabilities associated with operations:
Increase in net receivables	(8,779)	(33,660)
Increase in inventories	(33,731)	(11,738)
Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses and other assets	600	(800)
Change in income tax receivable/payable, net	(2,965)	3,046
Increase in accounts payable	5,655	9,677
Decrease in customer prepayments	(22,759)	(44,528)
Increase in accrued program costs	10,660	24,601
(Decrease) increase in other payables and accrued expenses	(500)	2,145
Net cash used in operating activities	(41,452)	(32,315)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(2,590)	(3,294)
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment	0	54
Acquisition of a product line	(703)	0
Intangible assets	(15)	(1,010)
Net cash used in investing activities	(3,308)	(4,250)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Payments under line of credit agreement	(27,300)	(12,000)
Borrowings under line of credit agreement	72,000	58,000
Net receipt from the issuance of common stock under ESPP	480	436
Net receipt from the exercise of stock options	18	0
Receipt payment for tax withholding on stock-based compensation awards	(13)	(2,174)
Repurchase of common stock	(557)	(6,219)
Payment of cash dividends	(851)	(594)
Net cash provided by financing activities	43,777	37,449
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(983)	884
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	223	672
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	20,328	16,285
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$ 19,568	$ 17,841

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of American Vanguard Corporation and Subsidiaries (“AVD” or “the Company”) have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of consolidating adjustments, eliminations and normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023. The financial statements and related notes do not include all information and footnotes required by US GAAP for annual reports. This quarterly report should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Certain operating cash flow items have been reclassified in the prior period condensed consolidated financial statements to conform with the March 31, 2023 presentation.

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Leases

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

2. Leases — The Company has operating leases for warehouses, manufacturing facilities, offices, cars, railcars and certain equipment. The lease term includes the non-cancellable period of the lease plus any additional periods covered by either an option to extend (or not terminate) that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise. The Company has leases with a lease term ranging from one year to 20 years.

Finance leases are immaterial to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. There were no lease transactions with related parties as of and for the three-month periods presented in the table below.

The operating lease expense for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $1,637 and $1,604, respectively. Lease expenses related to variable lease payments and short-term leases were immaterial. Other information related to operating leases follows:

	Three months ended March 31, 2023		Three months ended March 31, 2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities	$	1,644	$	1,674
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new liabilities	$	1,884	$	926

The weighted-average remaining lease term and discount rate related to the operating leases as of March 31, 2023 were as follows:

Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)	5.68
Weighted-average discount rate	4.12	%

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases as of March 31, 2023 were as follows:

2023 (excluding three months ended March 31, 2023)	$	4,625
2024		5,657
2025		5,143
2026		3,926
2027		2,662
Thereafter		6,200
Total lease payments	$	28,213
Less: imputed interest		(3,232	)
Total	$	24,981
Amounts recognized in the condensed consolidated balance sheet:
Operating lease liabilities, current	$	5,367
Operating lease liabilities, long term	$	19,614

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Revenue Recognition

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Revenue From Contract With Customer [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition

3. Revenue Recognition —The Company recognizes revenue from the sale of its products, which include crop and non-crop products. The Company sells its products to customers, which include distributors, retailers, and growers. In addition, the Company recognizes royalty income from licensing agreements. The Company has one reportable segment. Selective enterprise information of sales disaggregated by category and geographic region is as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Net sales:
U.S. crop	$	61,876	$	88,193
U.S. non-crop		13,899		13,396
Total U.S.		75,775		101,589
International		49,110		48,004
Total net sales:	$	124,885	$	149,593
Timing of revenue recognition:
Goods and services transferred at a point in time	$	124,842	$	149,487
Goods and services transferred over time		43		106
Total net sales:	$	124,885	$	149,593

Contract assets relate to royalties earned on certain functional licenses granted for the use of the Company’s intellectual property and amounted to $3,100 at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The short-term and long-term contract assets of $2,295 and $805 are included in other receivables and other assets, respectively, on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, the short-term and long-term assets amounted to $2,098 and $1,002, respectively.

The Company sometimes receives payments from its customers in advance of goods and services being provided in return for early cash incentive programs. These payments are included in customer prepayments on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Revenue recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2023, that was included in customer prepayments at the beginning of 2023, was $22,759 and $17,500 was reclassified to accrued expenses and other payables. The Company expects to recognize all its remaining customer prepayments as revenue in fiscal 2023.

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Property, Plant and Equipment

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment

4. Property, Plant and Equipment — Property, plant and equipment at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consists of the following:

	March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Land	$	2,761		$	2,757
Buildings and improvements		20,918			20,794
Machinery and equipment		146,047			142,980
Office furniture, fixtures and equipment		11,266			13,231
Automotive equipment		1,490			1,584
Construction in progress		4,622			5,897
Total		187,104			187,243
Less accumulated depreciation		(115,566	)		(116,331	)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	71,538		$	70,912

The Company recognized depreciation expense related to property and equipment of $2,179 and $2,103 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Substantially all of the Company’s assets are pledged as collateral with its lender banks.

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Inventories

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

5. Inventories — Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) or average cost method. The components of inventories consist of the following:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Finished products	$	185,992	$	155,128
Raw materials		33,088		29,062
Inventories	$	219,080	$	184,190

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Segment Reporting

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Reporting

6. Segment Reporting — Based on similar economic and operational characteristics, the Company’s business is aggregated into one reportable segment. Selective enterprise information is as follows:

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2023			2022			Change			% Change
Net sales:
U.S. crop	$	61,876		$	88,193		$	(26,317	)		-30	%
U.S. non-crop		13,899			13,396			503			4	%
Total U.S.		75,775			101,589			(25,814	)		-25	%
International		49,110			48,004			1,106			2	%
Total net sales:	$	124,885		$	149,593		$	(24,708	)		-17	%
Cost of sales:
U.S. crop	$	41,254		$	54,200		$	(12,946	)		-24	%
U.S. non-crop		8,453			7,629			824			11	%
Total U.S.		49,707			61,829			(12,122	)		-20	%
International		36,641			36,369			272			1	%
Total cost of sales:	$	86,348		$	98,198		$	(11,850	)		-12	%
Gross profit:
U.S. crop	$	20,622		$	33,993		$	(13,371	)		-39	%
U.S. non-crop		5,446			5,767			(321	)		-6	%
Total U.S.		26,068			39,760			(13,692	)		-34	%
International		12,469			11,635			834			7	%
Total gross profit:	$	38,537		$	51,395		$	(12,858	)		-25	%
Gross margin:
U.S. crop		33	%		39	%
U.S. non-crop		39	%		43	%
Total U.S.		34	%		39	%
International		25	%		24	%
Gross margin:		31	%		34	%

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Accrued Program Costs	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023
Payables And Accruals [Abstract]
Accrued Program Costs	7. Accrued Program Costs — The Company offers various discounts to customers based on the volume purchased within a defined time period, other pricing adjustments, volume incentives or other key performance driven payments, which are usually made at the end of a growing season, to distributors, retailers or growers. The Company describes these payments as “Programs.” Programs are a critical part of doing business in both the U.S. crop and non-crop chemicals marketplaces. These discount Programs represent variable consideration. Revenues from sales are recorded at the net sales price, which is the transaction price net of the impact of Programs and includes estimates of variable consideration. Variable consideration includes amounts that are expected to be paid to its customers estimated using the expected value method. Each quarter management compares individual sale transactions with Programs to determine what, if any, estimated program liabilities have been incurred. Once this initial calculation is made for the specific quarter, sales and marketing management, along with executive and financial management, review the accumulated Program balance and, for volume-driven payments, make assessments of whether or not customers are tracking in a manner that indicates that they will meet the requirements set out in agreed upon terms and conditions attached to each Program. Following this assessment, management makes adjustments to the accumulated accrual to properly reflect the Company’s best estimate of the liability at the balance sheet date. Programs are paid out predominantly on an annual basis, usually in the final quarter of the financial year or the first quarter of the following year. No significant changes in estimates were made during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022

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Cash Dividends on Common Stock

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Cash Dividends [Abstract]

Cash Dividend

8. Cash Dividends on Common Stock —The Company has declared and paid the following cash dividends in the periods covered by this Form 10-Q:

Declaration Date	Record Date	Distribution Date	Dividend Per Share		Total Paid
March 13, 2023	March 24, 2023	April 14, 2023	$	0.030	$	851
December 12, 2022	December 28, 2022	January 11, 2023	$	0.030	$	851
March 14, 2022	March 25, 2022	April 15, 2022	$	0.025	$	736
December 13,2021	December 27, 2021	January 10, 2022	$	0.020	$	594

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Earnings Per Share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

9. Earnings Per Share — The components of basic and diluted earnings per share were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Numerator:
Net income	$	1,918	$	9,935
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding-basic		28,367		29,677
Dilutive effect of stock options and grants		706		672
Weighted average shares outstanding-diluted		29,073		30,349

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, no stock options or restricted stock awards were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share.

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Debt

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

10. Debt — The Company has a revolving line of credit that is shown as long-term debt in the condensed consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The Company has no short-term debt as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The debt is summarized in the following table:

Long-term indebtedness ($000's)	March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Revolving line of credit	$	97,000		$	52,300
Deferred loan fees		(761	)		(823	)
Total indebtedness, net of deferred loan fees	$	96,239		$	51,477

The deferred loan fees as of March 31, 2023 are included in other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Company and certain of its affiliates are parties to a revolving line of credit agreement entitled the “Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement” dated as of August 5, 2021 (the “Credit Agreement”), which is a senior secured lending facility among AMVAC, the Company’s principal operating subsidiary, as Borrower Agent (including the Company and AMVAC BV), as Borrowers, on the one hand, and a group of commercial lenders led by Bank of the West as administrative agent, documentation agent, syndication agent, collateral agent and sole lead arranger, on the other hand. The Credit Agreement consists of a line of credit of up to $275,000, an accordion feature of up to $150,000, a letter of credit and swingline sub-facility (each having limits of $25,000) and has a maturity date of August 5, 2026. The Credit Agreement amended and restated the previous credit facility, which had a maturity date of June 30, 2022. With respect to key financial covenants, the Credit Agreement contains two: namely, borrowers are required to maintain a Total Leverage (“TL”) Ratio of no more than 3.5-to-1, during the first three years, stepping down to 3.25-to-1 as of September 30, 2024, and a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio ("FCCR") of at least 1.25-to-1. In addition, to the extent that it completes acquisitions totaling $15 million or more in any 90-day period, AMVAC may step-up the TL Ratio by 0.5-to-1, not to exceed 4.00-to-1, for the next three full consecutive quarters. Acquisitions below $50 million do not require Agent consent.

The Company’s borrowing capacity varies with its financial performance, measured in terms of Consolidated EBITDA as defined in the Credit Agreement, for the trailing twelve-month period. Under the Credit Agreement, revolving loans bear interest at a variable rate based, at borrower’s election with proper notice, on either (i) LIBOR plus the “Applicable Margin” which is based upon the Total Leverage (“TL”) Ratio (“LIBOR Revolver Loan”) or (ii) the greater of (x) the Prime Rate, (y) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5%, and (z) the Daily One-Month LIBOR Rate plus 1.00%, plus, in the case of (x), (y) or (z) the Applicable Margin (“Adjusted Base Rate Revolver Loan”). The Company and the Lenders entered into an amendment to the Credit Agreement, effective March 9, 2023, whereby LIBOR was replaced by SOFR with a credit spread adjustment of 10.0 bps for all SOFR periods. The revolving loans now bear interest at a variable rate based at our election with proper notice, on either (i) SOFR plus 0.1% per annum and the “Applicable Margin” or (ii) the greater of (x) the Prime Rate, (y) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5%, and (z) the Daily One-Month SOFR Rate plus 1.10%, plus, in the case of (x), (y) or (z) the Applicable Margin (“Adjusted Base Rate Revolver Loan”). Interest payments for SOFR Revolver Loans are payable on the last day of each interest period (either one-, three- or six- months, as selected by the Company) and the maturity date, while interest payments for Adjusted Base Rate Revolver Loans are payable on the last business day of each month and the maturity date. The interest rate on March 31, 2023, was 6.53%.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company was in compliance with the TL Ratio but noncompliant with respect to the FCCR. The noncompliance was driven to the lesser extent by a reduction in the Consolidated EBITDA (in the numerator of the FCCR calculation) during the twelve months ended March 31, 2023, and to a greater extent by higher-than-normal distributions (in the denominator of the FCCR calculation) arising from share repurchases made by the Company during the same period. On May 8, 2023, the Company obtained a waiver of the FCCR for the twelve months ended March 31, 2023, and an adjustment to the FCCR terms for the period ending June 30, 2023. The impact of most of the share repurchases will disappear from the denominator in the FCCR calculation in the third quarter of 2023.

At March 31, 2023, according to the terms of the Credit Agreement, as amended, and based on our performance against the most restrictive covenant listed above, the Company had the capacity to increase its borrowings by up to $111,922. This compares to an available borrowing capacity of $200,372 as of December 31, 2022.

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Classification Corrections

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Text Block [Abstract]

Classification Corrections

11. Classification Corrections — A correction to the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was made in connection with the Company’s operations in Australia, where the Company sells its products to distribution companies as well as directly to growers via third-party agents. The Company identified errors related to the classification of third-party agent’s commission amounts. The Company evaluated these errors and the impact to previously issued financial statements and concluded that the impact of this classification error is not material to any previously issued quarterly or annual financial statements. However, management has recorded a correction adjustment to previously reported financial statement line items and related disclosures. The third-party agents’ commission in the amount of $158 was reclassified from net sales to operating expenses. The impact was an increase in net sales and gross profit in the amount of $158 and an offsetting increase in operating expenses in the same amount. This correction did not have any impact on operating income, net income, and earnings per common share.

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Change in Accounting Principle

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Standards Update and Change in Accounting Principle [Abstract]

Change in Accounting Principle

12. Change in Accounting Principle — Historically, the Company included warehousing, handling and outbound freight costs in operating expenses on its Consolidated Statements of Operations. Effective January 1, 2023, the Company elected to include these costs in cost of sales instead of operating expenses on its condensed consolidated statements of operations. The effects of the change in accounting have been retrospectively applied to all periods presented. The Company believes that the change in accounting is preferable as it aligns the Company’s classification of this warehousing, handling and outbound freight costs in such a way as to present operational management with a clearer vision of the operational performance by business unit. This accounting change also increases the comparability of the Company’s financial performance with its peer companies as most peer companies include warehousing, handling and outbound freight costs in cost of sales rather than operating expenses. As a result, this change is intended to help interested parties better understand the Company’s performance and facilitate comparisons with most of the Company’s peer companies. The following table compares the Company’s historical classification with the classification after the adoption of the change in accounting for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Classification after adoption of accounting change						Historical classification
	For the three months ended March 31						For the three months ended March 31
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Net sales	$	124,885		$	149,593		$	124,885			149,593
Cost of sales		(86,348	)		(98,198	)		(77,093	)		(88,242	)
Gross profit		38,537			51,395			47,792			61,351
Operating expenses		(35,272	)		(36,646	)		(44,527	)		(46,602	)
Operating income	$	3,265		$	14,749		$	3,265		$	14,749

The change in accounting principle did not have any impact on operating income, net income and earnings per share.

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Comprehensive Income

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Comprehensive Income

13. Comprehensive Income — Total comprehensive income includes, in addition to net income, changes in equity that are excluded from the condensed consolidated statements of operations and are recorded directly into a separate section of stockholders’ equity on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. For the three-month periods ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, total comprehensive income consisted of net income attributable to American Vanguard and foreign currency translation adjustments.

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Stock Based Compensation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract]

Stock Based Compensation

14. Stock-Based Compensation — The following tables illustrate the Company’s stock-based compensation, unamortized stock-based compensation, and remaining weighted average amortization period.

	Stock-Based Compensation for the Three months Period		Unamortized Stock-Based Compensation as of March 31		Remaining Weighted Average Period (years)
March 31, 2023
Time-Based Restricted Stock	$	1,198	$	5,304		1.7
Unrestricted Stock		130		87		0.2
Performance-Based Restricted Stock		146		1,978		1.7
Total	$	1,474	$	7,369
March 31, 2022
Time-Based Restricted Stock	$	993	$	5,411		1.7
Unrestricted Stock		117		78		0.2
Performance-Based Restricted Stock		453		2,319		1.7
Total	$	1,563	$	7,808

The Company also granted stock options in past periods. All outstanding stock options are fully vested and exercisable and no expense was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Time-based Restricted and Unrestricted Stock — A summary of nonvested time based restricted and unrestricted stock is presented below:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023					Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Number of Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested shares at December 31st		742,050		$	18.86		817,290		$	17.04
Vested		(2,017	)		15.71		(230,080	)		17.31
Forfeited		(5,479	)		19.87		(24,109	)		17.10
Nonvested shares at March 31st		734,554		$	18.86		563,101		$	16.93

Performance-Based Restricted Stock — A summary of nonvested performance-based stock is presented below:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023				Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Number of Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested shares at December 31st		318,699	$	18.05		379,061		$	16.43
Additional granted (forfeited) based on performance achievement		—		—		(41,088	)		16.56
Vested		—		—		(78,704	)		17.18
Forfeited		—		—		(7,074	)		16.77
Nonvested shares at March 31st		318,699	$	18.05		252,195		$	16.17

Stock Options — A summary of stock options is presented below:

Time-based Incentive Stock Option Plans

Activity of the incentive stock option plans for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2022		68,896		$	11.49
Options exercised		(1,537	)		11.49
Balance outstanding, March 31, 2023		67,359		$	11.49

All outstanding stock options as of March 31, 2023 have an exercise price of $11.49 and a remaining life of 21 months.

There was no activity during the three months ended March 31, 2022. There were 108,036 incentive stock options outstanding as of March 31, 2022 with an exercise price per share of $11.49 and a remaining life of 33 months.

Performance-based Incentive Stock Option Plan

There was no activity for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. There were 81,808 and 114,658 of performance incentive stock options outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and 2022, with an exercise price per share of $11.49 and a remaining life of 21 and 33 months, respectively.

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Legal Proceedings

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Legal Proceedings

15. Legal Proceedings — During the reporting period, there have been no material developments in legal proceedings that were reported in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, except as described below.

Department of Justice and Environmental Protection Agency Investigation. On November 10, 2016, AMVAC was served with a grand jury subpoena from the United States Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of Alabama, seeking documents regarding the importation, transportation, and management of a specific pesticide. The Company retained defense counsel to assist in responding to the subpoena and otherwise in defending the Company’s interests. AMVAC is cooperating in the investigation. After interviewing multiple witnesses (including three employees before a grand jury in February 2022) and making multiple document requests, the Department of Justice (“DoJ”) identified the Company and a manager-level employee as targets of the government’s investigation. DoJ’s investigation focused on potential violations of two environmental statutes, the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (“FIFRA”) and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (“RCRA”), as well as obstruction of an agency proceeding and false statement statutes. In March 2022, the individual target entered into a plea agreement relating to provision of false information in a government proceeding. In July 2022, the DoJ sent correspondence to the Company’s counsel to the effect that it was focusing on potential RCRA violations relating to the reimportation of Australian containers in 2015. Our defense counsel spoke with DoJ on the subject in early October 2022, at which time DoJ expressed an interest in resolving the matter and stated that it would get back to the Company with its position.

The governmental agencies involved in this investigation have a range of civil and criminal penalties they may seek to impose against corporations and individuals for violations of FIFRA, RCRA and other federal statutes including, but not limited to, injunctive relief, fines, penalties and modifications to business practices and compliance programs, including the appointment of a monitor. If violations are established, the amount of any fines or monetary penalties which could be assessed and the scope of possible non-monetary relief would depend on, among other factors, findings regarding the amount, timing, nature and scope of the violations, and the level of cooperation provided to the governmental authorities during the investigation. As a result, the Company cannot yet anticipate the timing or predict the ultimate resolution of this investigation, financial or otherwise, which could have a material adverse effect on our business prospects, operations, financial condition and cash flows. Accordingly, the Company has not recorded a loss contingency for this matter.

Pitre etc. v. Agrocentre Ladauniere et al. On February 11, 2022, a strawberry grower named Les Enterprises Pitre, Inc. filed a complaint in the Superior Court, District of Labelle, Province of Quebec, Canada, entitled Pitre, etc. v. Agrocentre Ladauniere, Inc. etal, including Amvac Chemical Corporation, seeking damages in the amount of approximately $5 million arising from stunted growth of, and reduced yield from, its strawberry crop allegedly from the application of AMVAC’s soil fumigant, Vapam, in spring of

2021. Examinations of plaintiff were held in mid-August 2022, during which plaintiff in effect confirmed that he had planted his seedlings before expiration of the full-time interval following product application (as per the product label), that he had failed to follow the practice of planting a few test seedlings before planting an entire farm, and that he had placed his blind trust in his application adviser on all manner of timing and rate. An examination of the Company’s most knowledgeable witness is scheduled to take place in June 2023. The Company believes that the claims have no merit and intends to defend the matter. At this stage in the proceedings, there is not sufficient information to form a judgment as to either the probability or amount of loss; thus, the Company has not recorded a loss contingency for this matter.

Catalano v. AMVAC Chemical Corp. On June 6, 2022, AMVAC was served with a summons and complaint for a matter entitled Andrew Catalano and Ruth Catalano v. AMVAC in the Superior Court of the State of California, County of Orange (30-2022-01263987-CU-PL-CXC) in which plaintiff, who worked as a professional applicator of pesticides, including Orthene (for which AMVAC is registrant) seeks damages for an injury (specifically, cardiomyopathy) allegedly arising from his exposure to this product. AMVAC is unaware of any link between cardiovascular disease and Orthene (which has been commercially available for over 30 years) and believes that this case has no merit and intends to defend it vigorously. The Company filed an answer in early July, including multiple affirmative defenses. Further, the parties continue to engage in discovery, and plaintiffs have been unable to supply any data establishing a causal link between use of this product and the heart condition that plaintiff alleges. At this stage, there is not sufficient information to form a judgment as to either the probability or amount of any loss; thus, the Company has not recorded a loss contingency for this matter.

Notice of Intention to Suspend DCPA. On April 28, 2022, the USEPA published a notice of intent to suspend (“NOITS”) DCPA, the active ingredient of an herbicide marketed by the Company under the name Dacthal. The agency cited as the basis for the suspension that the Company did not take appropriate steps to provide data studies requested in support of the registration review. In fact, over the course of several years, the Company cooperated in performing the vast majority of the nearly 90 studies requested by USEPA and had been working in good faith to meet the agency’s schedule. After an appeals court (the Environmental Appeals Board) clarified the proper standard for use at the hearing (namely, whether registrant took appropriate steps to respond to the data call-in), a hearing was held in January 2023 before the ALJ, by which time USEPA had narrowed the scope of its claim to nine outstanding studies, all of which have been started by the Company and none of which are necessary for USEPA to commence its risk assessment. The parties have filed their post-hearing briefs, and the Company expects that the ALJ will render a decision in the near future. During the course of these proceedings, AMVAC has been free to make, sell and distribute both the technical grade material and end-use product and may continue to do so unless and until there is an adverse ruling at both the trial and appellate level (if any). The Company believes that a loss is neither probable nor estimable and, consequently, has not recorded a loss contingency for this matter.

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Recent Issued Accounting Guidance

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Change in Accounting Principle

16. Recent Issued Accounting Guidance — In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04 Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, as amended and supplemented by subsequent ASUs (collectively, “ASU 2020-04” and “ASU 2022-06”), which provides practical expedients for contract modifications and certain hedging relationships associated with the transition from reference rates that are expected to be discontinued. This guidance is applicable for borrowing instruments, which use LIBOR as a reference rate, and is available through December 31, 2024. The Company has evaluated this ASU and does not expect its adoption to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

The Company reviewed all other recently issued accounting pronouncements and concluded that they were either not applicable or not expected to have a significant impact to its condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

17. Fair Value of Financial Instruments — The accounting standard for fair value measurements provides a framework for measuring fair value and requires expanded disclosures regarding fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for an asset or the exit price that would be paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. This accounting standard established a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs, where available. The following summarizes the three levels of inputs required:

•Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2 – Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

•Level 3 – Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

The carrying amount of the Company’s financial instruments, which principally include cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, approximates fair value because of the relatively short maturity of such instruments. The carrying amount of the Company’s borrowings, which are considered Level 2 liabilities, approximates fair value as they bear interest at a variable rate at current market rates.

The Company measures its contingent earn-out liabilities in connection with business acquisitions at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company may use various valuation techniques depending on the terms and conditions of the contingent consideration including a Monte-Carlo simulation. This simulation uses probability distribution for each significant input to produce hundreds or thousands of possible outcomes and the results are analyzed to determine probabilities of different outcomes occurring. The Company did not have any contingent earn-out liabilities at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The following table illustrates the Company’s contingent consideration movements related to its business acquisitions as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2022:

	Three months ended March 31, 2022
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	786
Fair value adjustment		599
Accretion of discounted liabilities		6
Foreign exchange effect		46
Balance, March 31, 2022	$	1,437

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

18. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss — The following table lists the beginning balance, quarterly activity and ending balance of accumulated other comprehensive loss, which consists of foreign currency translation adjustments:

	Total
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	(12,182	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax effects of ($89)		2,546
Balance, March 31, 2023	$	(9,636	)
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	(13,784	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax effects of ($48)		7,080
Balance, March 31, 2022	$	(6,704	)

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Equity Investments

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Investments All Other Investments [Abstract]

Equity Investment

19. Equity Investments — In February 2016, AMVAC Netherlands BV made an investment in Biological Products for Agriculture (“Bi-PA”). Bi-PA develops biological plant protection products that can be used for the control of pests and disease of agricultural crops. As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s ownership position in Bi-PA was 15%. Since this investment does not have readily determinable fair value, the Company has elected to measure the investment at cost less impairment, if any, and also records an increase or decrease for changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of Bi-PA. The Company periodically reviews the investment for possible impairment. There was no impairment or observable price changes on the investment during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. The investment is recorded within other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets and amounted to $2,869 as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

On April 1, 2020, AMVAC purchased 6.25 million shares, an ownership of approximately 8%, of common stock of Clean Seed Capital Group Ltd. (TSX Venture Exchange: “CSX”) for $1,190. The shares are publicly traded, have a readily determinable fair value, and are considered a Level 1 investment. The fair value of the stock amounted to $762 and $784 as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company recorded a loss of $22 and a gain of $83 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The investment is recorded within other assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

20. Income Taxes — Income tax benefit was $361 for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to income tax expense of $4,499 for the three-months ended March 31, 2022. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was computed based on the estimated effective tax rate for the full year, adjusted for a benefit from the remeasurement of certain U.S. federal and state deferred taxes, partially offset by an expense attributed to establishing liabilities for uncertain tax positions in the U.S. and India. This calculation resulted in an effective tax rate of minus 23.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to 31.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

It is expected that $1,550 of unrecognized tax benefits will be released within the next twelve months due to expiration of the statute of limitations.

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Stock Re-purchase Program

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Stock Re-purchase Program

21. Stock Re-purchase Program — On March 8, 2022, pursuant to a Board of Directors resolution, the Company announced its intention to repurchase an aggregate number of up to 1,000,000 shares of its common stock under a 10b5-1 plan, par value $0.10 per share, in the open market over the succeeding one year, subject to limitations and restrictions under applicable securities laws. During 2022 and 2023, the Company purchased 761,985 shares of its common stock for a total of $14,558 at an average price of $19.11 per share. The 10b5-1 plan terminated on March 8, 2023.

The table below summarizes the number of shares of the Company’s common stock that were repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Three months ended	Total number of shares purchased		Average price paid per share		Total amount paid		Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plan
March 31, 2023		27,835	$	19.96	$	557		—
March 31, 2022		332,404	$	18.71	$	6,219		667,596

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Supplemental Cash Flow Information

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

22. Supplemental Cash Flow Information

	For the three months ended March 31
Cash paid during the period:	2023		2022
Interest	$	1,316	$	387
Income taxes, net	$	2,104	$	1,454
Non-cash transactions:
Deferred consideration in connection with business acquisitions:		—	$	599
Cash dividends declared and included in accrued expenses	$	851	$	736

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Leases (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Other Information of Operating Leases

Other information related to operating leases follows:

	Three months ended March 31, 2023		Three months ended March 31, 2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities	$	1,644	$	1,674
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new liabilities	$	1,884	$	926

Schedule of Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term and Discount Rate Related to Operating Leases

The weighted-average remaining lease term and discount rate related to the operating leases as of March 31, 2023 were as follows:

Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)	5.68
Weighted-average discount rate	4.12	%

Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Payments Under Non-Cancellable Operating Leases

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases as of March 31, 2023 were as follows:

2023 (excluding three months ended March 31, 2023)	$	4,625
2024		5,657
2025		5,143
2026		3,926
2027		2,662
Thereafter		6,200
Total lease payments	$	28,213
Less: imputed interest		(3,232	)
Total	$	24,981
Amounts recognized in the condensed consolidated balance sheet:
Operating lease liabilities, current	$	5,367
Operating lease liabilities, long term	$	19,614

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Revenue Recognition (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Revenue From Contract With Customer [Abstract]

Summary of Selective Enterprise Information of Sales Disaggregated By Category and Geographic Region

Selective enterprise information of sales disaggregated by category and geographic region is as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Net sales:
U.S. crop	$	61,876	$	88,193
U.S. non-crop		13,899		13,396
Total U.S.		75,775		101,589
International		49,110		48,004
Total net sales:	$	124,885	$	149,593
Timing of revenue recognition:
Goods and services transferred at a point in time	$	124,842	$	149,487
Goods and services transferred over time		43		106
Total net sales:	$	124,885	$	149,593

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Property, Plant and Equipment (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]

Summary of Property, Plant and Equipment

	March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Land	$	2,761		$	2,757
Buildings and improvements		20,918			20,794
Machinery and equipment		146,047			142,980
Office furniture, fixtures and equipment		11,266			13,231
Automotive equipment		1,490			1,584
Construction in progress		4,622			5,897
Total		187,104			187,243
Less accumulated depreciation		(115,566	)		(116,331	)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	71,538		$	70,912

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Inventories (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of Inventories

The components of inventories consist of the following:

	March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Finished products	$	185,992	$	155,128
Raw materials		33,088		29,062
Inventories	$	219,080	$	184,190

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Segment Reporting (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Summary of Business Sales Segmentation

Based on similar economic and operational characteristics, the Company’s business is aggregated into one reportable segment. Selective enterprise information is as follows:

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2023			2022			Change			% Change
Net sales:
U.S. crop	$	61,876		$	88,193		$	(26,317	)		-30	%
U.S. non-crop		13,899			13,396			503			4	%
Total U.S.		75,775			101,589			(25,814	)		-25	%
International		49,110			48,004			1,106			2	%
Total net sales:	$	124,885		$	149,593		$	(24,708	)		-17	%
Cost of sales:
U.S. crop	$	41,254		$	54,200		$	(12,946	)		-24	%
U.S. non-crop		8,453			7,629			824			11	%
Total U.S.		49,707			61,829			(12,122	)		-20	%
International		36,641			36,369			272			1	%
Total cost of sales:	$	86,348		$	98,198		$	(11,850	)		-12	%
Gross profit:
U.S. crop	$	20,622		$	33,993		$	(13,371	)		-39	%
U.S. non-crop		5,446			5,767			(321	)		-6	%
Total U.S.		26,068			39,760			(13,692	)		-34	%
International		12,469			11,635			834			7	%
Total gross profit:	$	38,537		$	51,395		$	(12,858	)		-25	%
Gross margin:
U.S. crop		33	%		39	%
U.S. non-crop		39	%		43	%
Total U.S.		34	%		39	%
International		25	%		24	%
Gross margin:		31	%		34	%

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Cash Dividends on Common Stock (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Cash Dividends [Abstract]

Cash Dividend

Cash Dividends on Common Stock —The Company has declared and paid the following cash dividends in the periods covered by this Form 10-Q:

Declaration Date	Record Date	Distribution Date	Dividend Per Share		Total Paid
March 13, 2023	March 24, 2023	April 14, 2023	$	0.030	$	851
December 12, 2022	December 28, 2022	January 11, 2023	$	0.030	$	851
March 14, 2022	March 25, 2022	April 15, 2022	$	0.025	$	736
December 13,2021	December 27, 2021	January 10, 2022	$	0.020	$	594

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Components of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share

The components of basic and diluted earnings per share were as follows:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Numerator:
Net income	$	1,918	$	9,935
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding-basic		28,367		29,677
Dilutive effect of stock options and grants		706		672
Weighted average shares outstanding-diluted		29,073		30,349

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Debt (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Summary of Revolving Line of Credit

The debt is summarized in the following table:

Long-term indebtedness ($000's)	March 31, 2023			December 31, 2022
Revolving line of credit	$	97,000		$	52,300
Deferred loan fees		(761	)		(823	)
Total indebtedness, net of deferred loan fees	$	96,239		$	51,477

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Change in Accounting Principle (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Standards Update and Change in Accounting Principle [Abstract]

Schedule of classification after the adoption of the change in accounting

The following table compares the Company’s historical classification with the classification after the adoption of the change in accounting for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Classification after adoption of accounting change						Historical classification
	For the three months ended March 31						For the three months ended March 31
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Net sales	$	124,885		$	149,593		$	124,885			149,593
Cost of sales		(86,348	)		(98,198	)		(77,093	)		(88,242	)
Gross profit		38,537			51,395			47,792			61,351
Operating expenses		(35,272	)		(36,646	)		(44,527	)		(46,602	)
Operating income	$	3,265		$	14,749		$	3,265		$	14,749

The change in accounting principle did not have any impact on operating income, net income and earnings per share.

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Stock Based Compensation (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Stock Based Compensation, Unamortized Stock-Based Compensation and Remaining Weighted Average Period

The following tables illustrate the Company’s stock-based compensation, unamortized stock-based compensation, and remaining weighted average amortization period.

	Stock-Based Compensation for the Three months Period		Unamortized Stock-Based Compensation as of March 31		Remaining Weighted Average Period (years)
March 31, 2023
Time-Based Restricted Stock	$	1,198	$	5,304		1.7
Unrestricted Stock		130		87		0.2
Performance-Based Restricted Stock		146		1,978		1.7
Total	$	1,474	$	7,369
March 31, 2022
Time-Based Restricted Stock	$	993	$	5,411		1.7
Unrestricted Stock		117		78		0.2
Performance-Based Restricted Stock		453		2,319		1.7
Total	$	1,563	$	7,808

Incentive Stock Option Plans

Activity of the incentive stock option plans for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share
Balance outstanding, December 31, 2022		68,896		$	11.49
Options exercised		(1,537	)		11.49
Balance outstanding, March 31, 2023		67,359		$	11.49

Restricted and Unrestricted Stock

Summary of Non-Vested Shares

Restricted and Unrestricted Stock — A summary of nonvested time based restricted and unrestricted stock is presented below:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023					Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Number of Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested shares at December 31st		742,050		$	18.86		817,290		$	17.04
Vested		(2,017	)		15.71		(230,080	)		17.31
Forfeited		(5,479	)		19.87		(24,109	)		17.10
Nonvested shares at March 31st		734,554		$	18.86		563,101		$	16.93

Performance Based Restricted Stock

Summary of Non-Vested Shares

Performance-Based Restricted Stock — A summary of nonvested performance-based stock is presented below:

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023				Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Number of Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested shares at December 31st		318,699	$	18.05		379,061		$	16.43
Additional granted (forfeited) based on performance achievement		—		—		(41,088	)		16.56
Vested		—		—		(78,704	)		17.18
Forfeited		—		—		(7,074	)		16.77
Nonvested shares at March 31st		318,699	$	18.05		252,195		$	16.17

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Summary of Fair Value Measuring on Recurring Basis of Contingent Consideration

The following table illustrates the Company’s contingent consideration movements related to its business acquisitions as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2022:

	Three months ended March 31, 2022
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	786
Fair value adjustment		599
Accretion of discounted liabilities		6
Foreign exchange effect		46
Balance, March 31, 2022	$	1,437

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Beginning Balance, Quarterly Activity and Ending Balance of Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment Included as Component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following table lists the beginning balance, quarterly activity and ending balance of accumulated other comprehensive loss, which consists of foreign currency translation adjustments:

	Total
Balance, December 31, 2022	$	(12,182	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax effects of ($89)		2,546
Balance, March 31, 2023	$	(9,636	)
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	(13,784	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax effects of ($48)		7,080
Balance, March 31, 2022	$	(6,704	)

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Stock Re-purchase Program (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Equity Class Of Treasury Stock [Line Items]

Summary of Number of Shares of Common Stock Repurchased

The table below summarizes the number of shares of the Company’s common stock that were repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Three months ended	Total number of shares purchased		Average price paid per share		Total amount paid		Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plan
March 31, 2023		27,835	$	19.96	$	557		—
March 31, 2022		332,404	$	18.71	$	6,219		667,596

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Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of Supplemental Cash Flow Information

	For the three months ended March 31
Cash paid during the period:	2023		2022
Interest	$	1,316	$	387
Income taxes, net	$	2,104	$	1,454
Non-cash transactions:
Deferred consideration in connection with business acquisitions:		—	$	599
Cash dividends declared and included in accrued expenses	$	851	$	736

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Leases - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Leases [Line Items]
Operating lease expenses	$ 1,637	$ 1,604
Minimum
Leases [Line Items]
Operating lease term	1 year
Maximum
Leases [Line Items]
Operating lease term	20 years

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Leases - Schedule of Additional Information of Operating Leases (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities	$ 1,644	$ 1,674
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new liabilities	$ 1,884	$ 926
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)	5 years 8 months 4 days
Weighted-average discount rate	4.12%

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Leases - Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Payments Under Non-Cancellable Operating Leases (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
2023 (excluding Three months ended March 31, 2023)	$ 4,625
2024	5,657
2025	5,143
2026	3,926
2027	2,662
Thereafter	6,200
Total lease payments	28,213
Less: imputed interest	(3,232)
Total	24,981
Amounts recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:
Operating lease liabilities, current	5,367	$ 5,279
Operating lease liabilities, long term	$ 19,614	$ 19,492

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Lease - Schedule of Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term and Discount Rate Related to Operating Leases (Details)	Mar. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)	5 years 8 months 4 days
Weighted-average discount rate	4.12%

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Revenue Recognition - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Contract assets	$ 3,100,000		$ 3,100,000
Short-term contract assets			2,098,000
Long-term contract assets			1,002,000
Revenue recognized	22,759	$ 17,500
Other Receivables
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Short-term contract assets	$ 2,295,000
Long-term contract assets			$ 805,000

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Revenue Recognition - Summary of Selective Enterprise Information of Sales Disaggregated By Category and Geographic Region (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 124,885	$ 149,593
US
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	75,775	101,589
US | Crop
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	61,876	88,193
US | Non-Crop
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	13,899	13,396
International
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	49,110	48,004
Goods and Services Transferred at a Point in Time
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	124,842	149,487
Goods and Services Transferred Over Time
Disaggregation Of Revenue [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 43	$ 106

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Property, Plant and Equipment - Summary of Property, Plant and Equipment (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total gross value	$ 187,104	$ 187,243
Less accumulated depreciation	(115,566)	(116,331)
Total net value	71,538	70,912
Land
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total gross value	2,761	2,757
Buildings and improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total gross value	20,918	20,794
Machinery and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total gross value	146,047	142,980
Office furniture, fixtures and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total gross value	11,266	13,231
Automotive equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total gross value	1,490	1,584
Construction in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total gross value	$ 4,622	$ 5,897

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Property, Plant And Equipment - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Property Plant And Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation expense related to property, plant and equipment	$ 2,179	$ 2,103

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Components of Inventories (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]
Finished products	$ 185,992	$ 155,128
Raw materials	33,088	29,062
Inventories	$ 219,080	$ 184,190

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Segment Reporting - Schedule of Selective enterprise information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Net sales:
Net sales	$ 124,885	$ 149,593
Change in net sales	$ (24,708)
Percentage change in net sales	(17.00%)
Cost of sales:
Cost of sales	$ 86,348	98,198
Change in cost of sales	$ (11,850)
Percentage change in cost of sales	(12.00%)
Gross profit:
Gross profit	$ 38,537	$ 51,395
Change in gross profit	$ (12,858)
Percentage change in gross profit	(25.00%)
Gross margin:
Percentage of gross margin	31.00%	34.00%
US Crop
Net sales:
Net sales	$ 61,876	$ 88,193
Change in net sales	$ (26,317)
Percentage change in net sales	(30.00%)
Cost of sales:
Cost of sales	$ 41,254	54,200
Change in cost of sales	$ (12,946)
Percentage change in cost of sales	(24.00%)
Gross profit:
Gross profit	$ 20,622	$ 33,993
Change in gross profit	$ (13,371)
Percentage change in gross profit	(39.00%)
Gross margin:
Percentage of gross margin	33.00%	39.00%
US Non-Crop
Net sales:
Net sales	$ 13,899	$ 13,396
Change in net sales	$ 503
Percentage change in net sales	4.00%
Cost of sales:
Cost of sales	$ 8,453	7,629
Change in cost of sales	$ 824
Percentage change in cost of sales	11.00%
Gross profit:
Gross profit	$ 5,446	$ 5,767
Change in gross profit	$ (321)
Percentage change in gross profit	(6.00%)
Gross margin:
Percentage of gross margin	39.00%	43.00%
US
Net sales:
Net sales	$ 75,775	$ 101,589
Change in net sales	$ (25,814)
Percentage change in net sales	(25.00%)
Cost of sales:
Cost of sales	$ 49,707	61,829
Change in cost of sales	$ (12,122)
Percentage change in cost of sales	(20.00%)
Gross profit:
Gross profit	$ 26,068	$ 39,760
Change in gross profit	$ (13,692)
Percentage change in gross profit	(34.00%)
Gross margin:
Percentage of gross margin	34.00%	39.00%
International
Net sales:
Net sales	$ 49,110	$ 48,004
Change in net sales	$ 1,106
Percentage change in net sales	2.00%
Cost of sales:
Cost of sales	$ 36,641	36,369
Change in cost of sales	$ 272
Percentage change in cost of sales	1.00%
Gross profit:
Gross profit	$ 12,469	$ 11,635
Change in gross profit	$ 834
Percentage change in gross profit	7.00%
Gross margin:
Percentage of gross margin	25.00%	24.00%

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Summary of Business Sales by Product and Geographic Location (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Net sales:
Net sales	$ 124,885	$ 149,593
Change in net sales	$ (24,708)
Percentage change in net sales	(17.00%)
Gross profit:
Gross profit	$ 38,537	51,395
Change in gross profit	(12,858)
US
Net sales:
Net sales	75,775	101,589
Change in net sales	$ (25,814)
Percentage change in net sales	(25.00%)
Gross profit:
Gross profit	$ 26,068	39,760
Change in gross profit	(13,692)
US | Crop
Net sales:
Net sales	61,876	88,193
US | Non-Crop
Net sales:
Net sales	13,899	13,396
International
Net sales:
Net sales	49,110	48,004
Change in net sales	$ 1,106
Percentage change in net sales	2.00%
Gross profit:
Gross profit	$ 12,469	$ 11,635
Change in gross profit	$ 834

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Cash Dividends on Common Stock (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Supplemental Cash Flow Elements [Abstract]
Cash dividend declaration date	Mar. 13, 2023	Mar. 14, 2022	Dec. 12, 2022	Dec. 13, 2021
Cash dividend record date	Mar. 24, 2023	Mar. 25, 2022	Dec. 28, 2022	Dec. 27, 2021
Cash dividend distributed date	Apr. 14, 2023	Apr. 15, 2022	Jan. 11, 2023	Jan. 10, 2022
Cash dividend per share	$ 0.030	$ 0.025	$ 0.030	$ 0.020
Cash dividend paid	$ 851	$ 736	$ 851	$ 594

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Earnings Per Share - Components of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (Detail) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Numerator:
Net income	$ 1,918	$ 9,935
Denominator: (in thousands)
Weighted average shares outstanding-basic	28,367	29,677
Dilutive effect of stock options and grants	706	672
Weighted average shares outstanding-diluted	29,073	30,349

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Earnings Per Share - Additional Information (Detail) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Stock options excluded from computation of diluted earning per share	0	0

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Debt - Additional Information (Detail) - Senior Secured Revolving Line of Credit - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount		$ 275,000
Credit agreement, covenant description		the Credit Agreement contains two: namely, borrowers are required to maintain a Total Leverage (“TL”) Ratio of no more than 3.5-to-1, during the first three years, stepping down to 3.25-to-1 as of September 30, 2024, and a Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio ("FCCR") of at least 1.25-to-1. In addition, to the extent that it completes acquisitions totaling $15 million or more in any 90-day period, AMVAC may step-up the TL Ratio by 0.5-to-1, not to exceed 4.00-to-1, for the next three full consecutive quarters.
Consolidated funded debt ratio		3.25%
Senior secured credit facility, maturity date		Aug. 05, 2026
Credit agreement, variable rate description		Under the Credit Agreement, revolving loans bear interest at a variable rate based, at borrower’s election with proper notice, on either (i) LIBOR plus the “Applicable Margin” which is based upon the Total Leverage (“TL”) Ratio (“LIBOR Revolver Loan”) or (ii) the greater of (x) the Prime Rate, (y) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5%, and (z) the Daily One-Month LIBOR Rate plus 1.00%, plus, in the case of (x), (y) or (z) the Applicable Margin (“Adjusted Base Rate Revolver Loan”). The Company and the Lenders entered into an amendment to the Credit Agreement, effective March 9, 2023, whereby LIBOR was replaced by SOFR with a credit spread adjustment of 10.0 bps for all SOFR periods. The revolving loans now bear interest at a variable rate based at our election with proper notice, on either (i) SOFR plus 0.1% per annum and the “Applicable Margin” or (ii) the greater of (x) the Prime Rate, (y) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5%, and (z) the Daily One-Month SOFR Rate plus 1.10%, plus, in the case of (x), (y) or (z) the Applicable Margin (“Adjusted Base Rate Revolver Loan”). Interest payments for SOFR Revolver Loans are payable on the last day of each interest period (either one-, three- or six- months, as selected by the Company)
Credit agreement, interest rate		6.53%
Federal Funds Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit agreement, variable rate basis	0.50%
One-Month LIBOR Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit agreement, variable rate basis	1.00%
Adjusted Base Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Credit agreement, interest payment period, description		last business day of each
Term Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Accordion feature		$ 150,000
Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Available borrowings capacity under credit agreement			$ 200,372
Consolidated funded debt ratio		0.50%
Maximum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Available borrowings capacity under credit agreement		$ 25,000
Consolidated funded debt ratio		3.50%
Maximum | Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Consolidated funded debt ratio		4.00%
Joint venture, consideration		$ 50,000
Capacity to increase borrowings under credit agreement		$ 111,922
Minimum
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Consolidated fixed charge covenant ratio		1.25%
Minimum | Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Joint venture, consideration		$ 15,000

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Debt - Summary of Revolving Line of Credit (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Revolving line of credit	$ 97,000	$ 52,300
Deferred loan fees	(761)	(823)
Total indebtedness, net of deferred loan fees	$ 96,239	$ 51,477

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Classification Corrections (Additional Information) (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Text Block [Abstract]
Reclassification of commission for third party agents	$ 158
Increase in net sales and gross profit	$ 158

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Change in Accounting Principle - Schedule of classification after the adoption of the change in accounting (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Net sales	$ 124,885	$ 149,593
Cost of sales	86,348	98,198
Gross profit	38,537	51,395
Operating expenses	35,272	36,646
Operating income	3,265	14,749
Classification after adoption of accounting change [Member]
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Net sales	124,885	149,593
Cost of sales	(86,348)	(98,198)
Gross profit	38,537	51,395
Operating expenses	(35,272)	(36,646)
Operating income	3,265	14,749
Historical classification [Member]
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Net sales	124,885	149,593
Cost of sales	(77,093)	(88,242)
Gross profit	47,792	61,351
Operating expenses	(44,527)	(46,602)
Operating income	$ 3,265	$ 14,749

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Stock-Based Compensation - Unamortized Stock-Based Compensation Expenses (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-Based Compensation	$ 1,474	$ 1,563
Unamortized Stock-Based Compensation	7,369	7,808
Restricted Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-Based Compensation	1,198	993
Unamortized Stock-Based Compensation	$ 5,304	$ 5,411
Remaining Weighted Average Period (years)	1 year 8 months 12 days	1 year 8 months 12 days
Unrestricted Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-Based Compensation	$ 130	$ 117
Unamortized Stock-Based Compensation	$ 87	$ 78
Remaining Weighted Average Period (years)	2 months 12 days	2 months 12 days
Performance Based Restricted Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-Based Compensation	$ 146	$ 453
Unamortized Stock-Based Compensation	$ 1,978	$ 2,319
Remaining Weighted Average Period (years)	1 year 8 months 12 days	1 year 8 months 12 days

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Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Time-based Restricted and Unrestricted Stock (Detail) - Restricted and Unrestricted Stock - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of Shares, Beginning balance	742,050	817,290
Number of Shares, Vested	(2,017)	(230,080)
Number of Shares, Forfeited	(5,479)	(24,109)
Number of Shares, Ending Balance	734,554	563,101
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value, Beginning balance	$ 18.86	$ 17.04
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value, Vested	15.71	17.31
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value, Forfeited	19.87	17.10
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value, Ending balance	$ 18.86	$ 16.93

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Stock-Based Compensation - Status Summary of Performance-Based Restricted Stock (Detail) - Performance Based Restricted Stock - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of Shares, Beginning balance	318,699	379,061
Additional granted (forfeited) based on performance achievement		(41,088)
Number of Shares, Vested		(78,704)
Number of Shares, Forfeited		(7,074)
Number of Shares, Ending Balance	318,699	252,195
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value, Beginning balance	$ 18.05	$ 16.43
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value, Additional granted (forfeited) based on performance		16.56
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value, Vested		17.18
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value, Forfeited		16.77
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value, Ending balance	$ 18.05	$ 16.17

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Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Time-based Incentive Stock Option Plans (Detail) - Incentive Stock Options	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Incentive Stock Option Plans, Beginning balance | shares	68,896
Incentive Stock Option Plans, Option exercised | shares	(1,537)
Incentive Stock Option Plans, Ending balance | shares	67,359
Weighted Average Price Per Share, Beginning balance | $ / shares	$ 11.49
Weighted Average Price Per Share, Option exercised | $ / shares	11.49
Weighted Average Price Per Share, Ending balance | $ / shares	$ 11.49

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Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of exercise price (Details) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Incentive Stock Options
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Weighted Average Price Per Share, Ending balance	$ 11.49	$ 11.49

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Stock-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Incentive Stock Options Outstanding		108,036
Performance Based Stock Options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Exercise price per share	$ 11.49	$ 11.49
Total intrinsic value	$ 81,808	$ 114,658
Outstanding weighted average, remaining life (months)	21 months	33 months
Incentive Stock Options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Exercise price per share	$ 11.49	$ 11.49	$ 11.49
Outstanding weighted average, remaining life (months)	21 months	33 months
Incentive Stock Options Outstanding	67,359		68,896

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Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Performance option activity (Detail)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023 $ / shares
Performance Based Stock Options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted Average Price Per Share, Ending balance	$ 11.49

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Legal Proceeding Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions	Feb. 11, 2022 USD ($)
Commitments And Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Arising from stunted growth	$ 5

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Summary of Fair Value Measuring on Recurring Basis of Contingent Consideration (Detail) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Beginning balance	$ 786
Fair value adjustment	599
Accretion of discounted liabilities	6
Foreign exchange effect	46
Ending balance	$ 1,437

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Business combination contingent consideration liability	$ 0	$ 0

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss-Summary of Beginning Balance, Quarterly Activity and Ending Balance of Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment Included as Component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Balance	$ 369,979	$ 372,738
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax effects	2,546	7,080
Balance	374,994	382,623
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]
Balance	(12,182)	(13,784)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax effects	2,546	7,080
Balance	$ (9,636)	$ (6,704)

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss-Summary of Beginning Balance, Quarterly Activity and Ending Balance of Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment Included as Component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Parenthetical) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Equity [Abstract]
Foreign currency translation adjustment, tax effect	$ 89	$ 48

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Equity Investment - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	Apr. 01, 2020	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule Of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Gain (loss) from equity method investment		$ (22)	$ 83
Bi Pa
Schedule Of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Cost method ownership percentage		15.00%	15.00%
Impairment of investments		$ 0	$ 0
Investments value		2,869		$ 2,869
Clean Seed Capital Group Ltd
Schedule Of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Equity Method Investment Shares Purchased	6,250,000
Equity investment ownership position	8.00%
Joint venture, consideration	$ 1,190
Fair value of stock		762		$ 784
Losses from equity method investment		(22)	(22)
Gain (loss) from equity method investment		$ 83	$ 83

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Income Taxes - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income tax benefit (expense)	$ 361	$ (4,499)
Federal income tax rate	23.20%	31.20%
Unrecognized tax benefits	$ 1,550

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Stock Re-purchase Program - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	Mar. 08, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Equity Class Of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares purchased		761,985	761,985
Common stock, par value per share		$ 0.10		$ 0.10
Repurchase of common stock		$ 557	$ 6,219
Treasury Stock, Value, Acquired, Par Value Method		$ 14,558
Initial shares delivered		761,985	761,985
Average price paid per share		$ 19.11
Common Stock
Equity Class Of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares purchased	1,000,000
Common stock, par value per share	$ 0.10
Initial shares delivered	1,000,000
Common Stock | Share Repurchase Arrangement
Equity Class Of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares purchased		27,835	332,404
Initial shares delivered		27,835	332,404
Treasury stock acquired, value		$ 557	$ 6,219
Average price paid per share		$ 19.96	$ 18.71

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Summary of Number of Shares of Common Stock Repurchased (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
	Mar. 08, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Equity Class Of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares purchased		761,985	761,985
Average price paid per share		$ 19.11
Common Stock
Equity Class Of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares purchased	1,000,000
Common Stock | Share Repurchase Arrangement
Equity Class Of Treasury Stock [Line Items]
Number of shares purchased		27,835	332,404
Average price paid per share		$ 19.96	$ 18.71
Total amount paid		$ 557	$ 6,219
Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plan		0	667,596

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Supplemental Cash Flow Information - Schedule Of Supplemental Cash Flow Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Supplemental Cash Flow Information [Abstract]
Interest	$ 1,316	$ 387
Income taxes, net	2,104	1,454
Non-cash transactions:
Deferred consideration in connection with business acquisitions:	0	599
Cash dividends declared and included in accrued expenses	$ 851	$ 736