Segment Information

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

Segment Information

We provide products and services and report results through our Annuities, Life Insurance, Group Protection and Retirement Plan Services business segments. The accounting policies of the business segments and Other Operations are the same as those described in

Note 1 in our 2024 Form 10-K. We also have Other Operations, which includes the financial data for operations that are not directly related to the business segments. Our business segments and Other Operations reflect the manner by which our CODM views and manages the business. Our CODM is the Chief Executive Officer. A discussion of these segments and Other Operations is found in Note 19 in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Income (loss) from operations is the internal measure used by our CODM that explains the results of our ongoing operations in a manner that allows for a better understanding of the underlying trends by excluding items that are unpredictable and not necessarily indicative of current operating fundamentals or future performance, and, in many instances, decisions regarding these adjustments do not necessarily relate to the operations of the individual business segments. Income (loss) from operations is used by our CODM to evaluate financial performance, to assess the budgeting and forecasting process and to determine future resource allocation. In the third quarter of 2024, we revised our definition of income (loss) from operations to exclude the impact of certain additional items that are not indicative of the ongoing operations of the business and may obscure trends in the underlying performance of the Company. The presentation of prior period income (loss) from operations was recast for such third quarter 2024 revisions to conform to the current period presentation.

Income (loss) from operations is GAAP net income excluding the following items, as applicable:

•Items related to annuity product features, which include changes in MRBs, including gains and losses and benefit payments, changes in the fair value of the derivative instruments we hold to hedge GLB and GDB riders, net of fee income allocated to support the cost of hedging them, and changes in the fair value of the embedded derivative liabilities of our indexed annuity contracts and the associated index options we hold to hedge them, including collateral expense associated with the hedge program (collectively, “net annuity product features”);

•Items related to life insurance product features, which include changes in the fair value of derivatives we hold as part of VUL hedging, changes in reserves resulting from benefit ratio unlocking associated with the impact of capital markets, and changes in the fair value of the embedded derivative liabilities of our IUL contracts and the associated index options we hold to hedge them (collectively, “net life insurance product features”);

•Credit loss-related adjustments on fixed maturity AFS securities, mortgage loans on real estate and reinsurance-related assets (“credit loss-related adjustments”);

•Changes in the fair value of equity securities, certain derivatives, certain other investments and realized gains (losses) on sales, disposals and impairments of financial assets (collectively, “investment gains (losses)”);

•Changes in the fair value of reinsurance-related embedded derivatives, trading securities and mortgage loans on real estate electing the fair value option (“changes in the fair value of reinsurance-related embedded derivatives, trading securities and certain mortgage loans”);

•Income (loss) from the initial adoption of new accounting standards, accounting policy changes and new regulations, including changes in tax law;

•Income (loss) from reserve changes, net of related amortization, on business sold through reinsurance;

•Losses from the impairment of intangible assets and gains (losses) on other non-financial assets;

•Income (loss) from discontinued operations;

•Other items, which include the following: certain legal and regulatory accruals; severance expense related to initiatives that realign the workforce; transaction and integration costs related to mergers and acquisitions including the acquisition or divestiture, through reinsurance or other means, of businesses or blocks of business; mark-to-market adjustment related to the LNC stock component of our deferred compensation plans (“deferred compensation mark-to-market adjustment”); gains (losses) on modification or early extinguishment of debt; and impacts from settlement or curtailment of defined benefit obligations; and

•Income tax benefit (expense) related to the above pre-tax items, including the effect of tax adjustments such as changes to deferred tax valuation allowances.

We use our prevailing corporate federal income tax rate of 21% and an estimated state income tax rate, where applicable, net of the impacts related to dividends-received deduction and foreign tax credits and any other permanent differences for events recognized differently in the consolidated financial statements and federal income tax returns.

We do not report total assets by segment because this is not a metric used by the CODM to allocate resources or evaluate segment performance.

The tables below reconcile our internal measure of performance to the GAAP measure presented in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (in millions):

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
	Annuities		Life Insurance		Group Protection		Retirement Plan Services		Other Operations		Total
Operating Revenues (1)	$	1,198	$	1,587	$	1,521	$	327	$	52	$	4,685
Operating Expenses (2)
Benefits and policyholder liability
remeasurement (gain) loss	28		1,002		994		–		4		2,028
Interest credited	419		287		–		170		14		890
Commissions	298		99		133		27		–		557
General and administrative expenses	125		131		222		84		68		630
Interest and debt expense	–		–		–		–		80		80
Other (3)	(12)		100		44		8		(2)		138
Total operating expenses	858		1,619		1,393		289		164		4,323
Total federal income tax expense (benefit)	50		(16)		27		4		(17)		48
Total income (loss) from operations	290		(16)		101		34		(95)		314
Reconciliation of total income (loss) from
operations to net income (loss):
Net annuity product features, pre-tax											(1,092)
Net life insurance product features, pre-tax											42
Credit loss-related adjustments, pre-tax											(28)
Investment gains (losses), pre-tax											(103)
Changes in the fair value of
reinsurance-related embedded
derivatives, trading securities and
certain mortgage loans, pre-tax (4)											(90)
Other items, pre-tax (5) (6) (7)											(35)
Income tax benefit (expense) related to
the above pre-tax items											270
Total net income (loss)											$	(722)

(1)    See table below for reconciliation of total operating revenues to the GAAP measure presented in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

(2)    The significant expense categories and amounts align with the segment-level information that is regularly provided to the CODM. Inter-segment expenses are included within the amounts shown.

(3)    Other operating expenses include: Annuities: DAC and VOBA capitalization and amortization; taxes, licenses and fees; expenses associated with reserve financing and letters of credit (“LOCs”) and amortization of deferred loss on business sold through reinsurance. Life Insurance: DAC and VOBA capitalization and amortization; taxes, licenses and fees; expenses associated with reserve financing and LOCs; amortization of deferred loss on business sold through reinsurance and other intangible amortization. Group Protection: Taxes, licenses and fees; DAC capitalization and amortization; other intangible amortization and expenses associated with LOCs. Retirement Plan Services: Taxes, licenses and fees; DAC capitalization and amortization and expenses associated with LOCs. Other Operations: DAC capitalization and amortization; taxes, licenses and fees and reimbursements to Other Operations from the Life Insurance segment for the use of proceeds from certain issuances of senior notes that were used as long-term structured solutions, net of expenses incurred by Other Operations for its access to a financing facility and issuance of LOCs.

(4)    Includes primarily changes in the fair value of the embedded derivative related to the fourth quarter 2023 reinsurance transaction. For more information, see Note 7.

(5)    Includes severance expense related to initiatives to realign the workforce of $(6) million.

(6)    Includes transaction and integration costs related to mergers, acquisitions and divestitures of $(20) million.

(7)    Includes deferred compensation mark-to-market adjustment of $(9) million.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Annuities		Life Insurance		Group Protection		Retirement Plan Services		Other Operations		Total
Operating Revenues (1)	$	1,269	$	1,541	$	1,425	$	322	$	27	$	4,584
Operating Expenses (2)
Benefits and policyholder liability
remeasurement (gain) loss	27		987		963		–		7		1,984
Interest credited	354		294		1		166		7		822
Commissions	254		113		109		23		–		499
General and administrative expenses	120		143		208		86		57		613
Interest and debt expense	–		–		–		–		81		81
Other (3)	197		54		43		6		(6)		295
Total operating expenses	952		1,591		1,324		281		146		4,294
Total federal income tax expense (benefit)	58		(15)		21		5		(23)		46
Total income (loss) from operations	259		(35)		80		36		(96)		244
Reconciliation of total income (loss) from
operations to net income (loss) (4):
Net annuity product features, pre-tax											1,450
Net life insurance product features, pre-tax											(130)
Credit loss-related adjustments, pre-tax											(1)
Investment gains (losses), pre-tax											(81)
Changes in the fair value of
reinsurance-related embedded
derivatives, trading securities and
certain mortgage loans, pre-tax (5)											194
Other items, pre-tax (6) (7) (8) (9)											(186)
Income tax benefit (expense) related to
the above pre-tax items											(268)
Total net income (loss)											$	1,222

(1)    See table below for reconciliation of total operating revenues to the GAAP measure presented in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

(2)    The significant expense categories and amounts align with the segment-level information that is regularly provided to the CODM. Inter-segment expenses are included within the amounts shown.

(3)    Other operating expenses include: Annuities: Broker-dealer expenses; DAC and VOBA capitalization and amortization; taxes, licenses and fees and expenses associated with reserve financing and LOCs. Life Insurance: DAC and VOBA capitalization and amortization; taxes, licenses and fees; expenses associated with reserve financing and LOCs and other intangible amortization. Group Protection: Taxes, licenses and fees; DAC capitalization and amortization; other intangible amortization and expenses associated with LOCs. Retirement Plan Services: DAC capitalization and amortization; taxes, licenses and fees and expenses associated with LOCs. Other Operations: Taxes, licenses and fees and reimbursements to Other Operations from the Life Insurance segment for the use of proceeds from certain issuances of senior notes that were used as long-term structured solutions, net of expenses incurred by Other Operations for its access to a financing facility and issuance of LOCs.

(4)    The prior period presentation was recast to conform to the revised definition of income (loss) from operations.

(5)    Includes primarily changes in the fair value of the embedded derivative related to the fourth quarter 2023 reinsurance transaction. For more information, see Note 7.

(6)    Includes $(114) million primarily related to the settlement of cost of insurance litigation in the first quarter of 2024.

(7)    Includes severance expense related to initiatives to realign the workforce of $(49) million.

(8)    Includes transaction and integration costs related to mergers, acquisitions and divestitures of $(10) million.

(9)    Includes deferred compensation mark-to-market adjustment of $(13) million.

The tables below reconcile our total operating revenues to the GAAP measure presented in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (in millions):

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
	Annuities		Life Insurance		Group Protection		Retirement Plan Services		Other Operations		Total
Operating revenues	$	1,198	$	1,587	$	1,521	$	327	$	52	$	4,685
Revenue adjustments from annuity and life
insurance product features	209		18		–		–		–		227
Credit loss-related adjustments	(17)		1		(2)		(2)		(8)		(28)
Investment gains (losses)	(6)		(109)		–		(2)		14		(103)
Changes in the fair value of reinsurance-
related embedded derivatives, trading
securities and certain mortgage loans	10		(89)		–		–		(11)		(90)
Total revenues	$	1,394	$	1,408	$	1,519	$	323	$	47	$	4,691

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Annuities		Life Insurance		Group Protection		Retirement Plan Services		Other Operations		Total
Operating revenues	$	1,269	$	1,541	$	1,425	$	322	$	27	$	4,584
Revenue adjustments from annuity and life
insurance product features	(446)		(134)		–		–		–		(580)
Credit loss-related adjustments	(4)		5		–		–		(2)		(1)
Investment gains (losses)	19		(29)		–		(5)		(66)		(81)
Changes in the fair value of reinsurance-
related embedded derivatives, trading
securities and certain mortgage loans	(3)		205		–		–		(8)		194
Total revenues	$	835	$	1,588	$	1,425	$	317	$	(49)	$	4,116

Other business segment and Other Operations information (in millions) was as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Net Investment Income
Annuities	$	452	$	379
Life Insurance	624		622
Group Protection	89		85
Retirement Plan Services	251		244
Other Operations	41		16
Total net investment income	$	1,457	$	1,346