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Investments (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Investments [Abstract]  
Schedule of Available-for-Sale Securities Reconciliation
The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, allowance for credit losses and fair value of fixed maturity available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities (in millions) were as follows:

As of September 30, 2024
Amortized CostGross UnrealizedAllowance for Credit LossesFair Value
GainsLosses
Fixed maturity AFS securities:
Corporate bonds$76,437 $1,035 $7,221 $17 $70,234 
U.S. government bonds416 25 – 398 
State and municipal bonds2,848 52 333 – 2,567 
Foreign government bonds283 16 47 – 252 
RMBS2,009 36 156 1,882 
CMBS1,766 12 135 – 1,643 
ABS13,681 126 340 23 13,444 
Hybrid and redeemable preferred securities248 27 12 262 
Total fixed maturity AFS securities$97,688 $1,311 $8,269 $48 $90,682 

As of December 31, 2023
Amortized CostGross UnrealizedAllowance for Credit LossesFair Value
GainsLosses
Fixed maturity AFS securities:
Corporate bonds$77,085 $852 $8,272 $$69,657 
U.S. government bonds416 29 – 393 
State and municipal bonds3,106 101 417 – 2,790 
Foreign government bonds314 16 47 – 283 
RMBS1,948 28 197 1,773 
CMBS1,622 203 – 1,424 
ABS12,698 62 585 12,171 
Hybrid and redeemable preferred securities244 21 17 247 
Total fixed maturity AFS securities$97,433 $1,091 $9,767 $19 $88,738 
Investments Classified by Contractual Maturity Date
The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity AFS securities by contractual maturities (in millions) as of September 30, 2024, were as follows:

Amortized CostFair Value
Due in one year or less$4,724 $4,697 
Due after one year through five years17,756 17,435 
Due after five years through ten years13,742 13,028 
Due after ten years44,010 38,553 
Subtotal80,232 73,713 
Structured securities (RMBS, CMBS, ABS)17,456 16,969 
Total fixed maturity AFS securities$97,688 $90,682 
Schedule of Available-for-Sale Securities Unrealized Loss Position
The fair value and gross unrealized losses of fixed maturity AFS securities (dollars in millions) for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, were as follows:

As of September 30, 2024
Less Than or Equal
to Twelve Months
Greater Than Twelve MonthsTotal
Fair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
Gross Unrealized Losses (1)
Fixed maturity AFS securities:
Corporate bonds$26,120 $3,992 $26,231 $3,229 $52,351 $7,221 
U.S. government bonds38 223 23 261 25 
State and municipal bonds985 192 709 141 1,694 333 
Foreign government bonds49 18 100 29 149 47 
RMBS472 57 764 99 1,236 156 
CMBS731 66 515 69 1,246 135 
ABS2,871 119 3,898 221 6,769 340 
Hybrid and redeemable
preferred securities18 89 107 12 
Total fixed maturity AFS securities$31,284 $4,449 $32,529 $3,820 $63,813 $8,269 
Total number of fixed maturity AFS securities in an unrealized loss position6,458 

As of December 31, 2023
Less Than or Equal
to Twelve Months
Greater Than Twelve MonthsTotal
Fair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair ValueGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
Gross Unrealized Losses (1)
Fixed maturity AFS securities:
Corporate bonds$14,005 $3,270 $34,595 $5,002 $48,600 $8,272 
U.S. government bonds65 195 23 260 29 
State and municipal bonds371 72 874 345 1,245 417 
Foreign government bonds111 31 57 16 168 47 
RMBS360 20 886 177 1,246 197 
CMBS583 56 589 147 1,172 203 
ABS1,900 68 7,217 517 9,117 585 
Hybrid and redeemable
preferred securities32 95 14 127 17 
Total fixed maturity AFS securities$17,427 $3,526 $44,508 $6,241 $61,935 $9,767 
Total number of fixed maturity AFS securities in an unrealized loss position7,605 

(1) As of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, we recognized $15 million and $8 million of gross unrealized losses, respectively, in other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”) for fixed maturity AFS securities for which an allowance for credit losses has been recorded.
The fair value, gross unrealized losses (in millions) and number of fixed maturity AFS securities where the fair value had declined and remained below amortized cost by greater than 20% were as follows:

As of September 30, 2024
Fair ValueGross Unrealized Losses
Number
of
Securities (1)
Less than six months$700 $254 294 
Six months or greater, but less than nine months80 35 42 
Nine months or greater, but less than twelve months1,658 639 367 
Twelve months or greater3,300 1,285 597 
Total$5,738 $2,213 1,300 

As of December 31, 2023
Fair ValueGross Unrealized Losses
Number
of
Securities (1)
Less than six months$2,492 $927 533 
Six months or greater, but less than nine months343 96 79 
Nine months or greater, but less than twelve months336 109 90 
Twelve months or greater4,094 2,922 997 
Total$7,265 $4,054 1,699 
(1) We may reflect a security in more than one aging category based on various purchase dates.
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale Changes in the allowance for credit losses on fixed maturity AFS securities (in millions), aggregated by investment category, were as follows:
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Corporate BondsRMBSABSHybridsTotal
Balance as of beginning-of-period$13 $$19 $$39 
Additions from purchases of PCD debt securities (1)
– – – – – 
Additions for securities for which credit losses were
not previously recognized– – 
Additions (reductions) for securities for which
credit losses were previously recognized– 
Reductions for disposed securities(1)– – – (1)
Reductions for securities charged-off(5)– – – (5)
Balance as of end-of-period (2)
$17 $$23 $$48 

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Corporate BondsRMBSABSHybridsTotal
Balance as of beginning-of-year$$$$$19 
Additions from purchases of PCD debt securities (1)
– – – – – 
Additions for securities for which credit losses were
not previously recognized– 15 – 23 
Additions (reductions) for securities for which
credit losses were previously recognized12 – 17 
Reductions for disposed securities– – – – – 
Reductions for securities charged-off(11)– – – (11)
Balance as of end-of-period (2)
$17 $$23 $$48 

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Corporate BondsRMBSABSHybridsTotal
Balance as of beginning-of-period$13 $$$$25 
Additions from purchases of PCD debt securities (1)
– – – – – 
Additions for securities for which credit losses were
not previously recognized– – – 
Additions (reductions) for securities for which
credit losses were previously recognized– – – – – 
Reductions for securities charged-off(5)– – – (5)
Balance as of end-of-period (2)
$$$$$21 
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Corporate BondsRMBSABSHybridsTotal
Balance as of beginning-of-year$$$$$22 
Additions from purchases of PCD debt securities (1)
– – – – – 
Additions for securities for which credit losses were.
not previously recognized21 – – – 21 
Additions (reductions) for securities for which
credit losses were previously recognized(2)(1)– – (3)
Reductions for disposed securities(1)– – – (1)
Reductions for securities charged-off(18)– – – (18)
Balance as of end-of-period (2)
$$$$$21 

(1) Represents purchased credit-deteriorated (“PCD”) fixed maturity AFS securities.
(2) As of September 30, 2024 and 2023, accrued investment income on fixed maturity AFS securities totaled $927 million and $1.2 billion, respectively, and was excluded from the estimate of credit losses.
Composition of Current and Past Due Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
The following provides the current and past due composition of our mortgage loans on real estate (in millions):

As of September 30, 2024As of December 31, 2023
CommercialResidentialTotalCommercialResidentialTotal
Current$17,684 $3,064 $20,748 $17,256 $1,665 $18,921 
30 to 59 days past due85 34 119 61 28 89 
60 to 89 days past due– 20 20 – 
90 or more days past due55 60 115 – 60 60 
Allowance for credit losses(123)(47)(170)(86)(28)(114)
Unamortized premium (discount)(16)73 57 (7)43 36 
Mark-to-market gains (losses) (1)
(33)– (33)(37)(1)(38)
Total carrying value$17,652 $3,204 $20,856 $17,187 $1,776 $18,963 

(1) Represents the mark-to-market on certain mortgage loans on real estate that support our modified coinsurance agreements where the investment results are passed directly to the reinsurers, and for which we have elected the fair value option. As of September 30, 2024, the amortized cost and fair value of such mortgage loans on real estate that were in nonaccrual status was $30 million and $21 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, the amortized cost and fair value of such mortgage loans on real estate that were in nonaccrual status was less than $1 million. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no such mortgage loans on real estate that were more than 90 days past due and still accruing interest. See Note 13 for additional information.
Amortized Cost of Mortgage Loans on Real Estate on Nonaccrual Status
The amortized cost of mortgage loans on real estate on nonaccrual status (in millions) was as follows, excluding certain mortgage loans on real estate that support our modified coinsurance agreements where the investment results are passed directly to the reinsurers:

As of September 30, 2024As of December 31, 2023
Commercial mortgage loans on real estate$16 $– 
Residential mortgage loans on real estate62 62 
Total$78 $62 
Financing Receivable Credit Quality Indicators The amortized cost of commercial mortgage loans on real estate (dollars in millions) by year of origination and credit quality indicator was as follows:
As of September 30, 2024
LTV
Less Than 65%
Debt-Service Coverage RatioLTV
65% to 75%
Debt-Service Coverage RatioLTV
Greater Than 75%
Debt-Service Coverage RatioTotal
Origination Year
2024$1,197 1.64 $58 1.30 $– – $1,255 
20231,378 1.75 45 1.36 – – 1,423 
20221,731 2.05 95 1.55 1.31 1,831 
20212,307 3.08 47 1.52 – – 2,354 
20201,177 3.16 1.53 – – 1,181 
2019 and prior9,629 2.35 127 1.58 1.30 9,764 
Total$17,419 $376 $13 $17,808 

As of December 31, 2023
LTV
Less Than 65%
Debt-Service Coverage RatioLTV
65% to 75%
Debt-Service Coverage RatioLTV
Greater Than 75%
Debt-Service Coverage RatioTotal
Origination Year
2023$1,368 1.90 $54 1.38 $– – $1,422 
20221,710 2.06 140 1.54 – – 1,850 
20212,335 3.34 61 1.55 – – 2,396 
20201,214 3.24 11 1.38 – – 1,225 
20192,446 2.40 80 1.56 10 2.33 2,536 
2018 and prior7,789 2.39 78 1.60 14 0.87 7,881 
Total$16,862 $424 $24 $17,310 
The amortized cost of residential mortgage loans on real estate (in millions) by year of origination and credit quality indicator was as follows:
As of September 30, 2024
PerformingNonperformingTotal
Origination Year
2024$1,260 $– $1,260 
2023790 797 
2022498 26 524 
2021435 13 448 
202070 72 
2019 and prior136 14 150 
Total$3,189 $62 $3,251 

As of December 31, 2023
PerformingNonperformingTotal
Origination Year
2023$515 $$517 
2022533 22 555 
2021465 18 483 
202078 81 
201999 13 112 
2018 and prior53 57 
Total$1,743 $62 $1,805 
Changes in Allowance for Credit Losses on Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Changes in the allowance for credit losses on mortgage loans on real estate (in millions) were as follows:

For the Three Months Ended
September 30, 2024
CommercialResidentialTotal
Balance as of beginning-of-period$93 $40 $133 
Additions (reductions) from provision for credit loss
expense (1)
40 47 
Additions from purchases of PCD mortgage loans on
real estate– – – 
Reductions for mortgage loans on real estate charged-off(10)– (10)
Balance as of end-of-period (2)
$123 $47 $170 
For the Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2024
CommercialResidentialTotal
Balance as of beginning-of-year$86 $28 $114 
Additions (reductions) from provision for credit loss
expense (1)
47 19 66 
Additions from purchases of PCD mortgage loans on
real estate– – – 
Reductions for mortgage loans on real estate charged-off(10)– (10)
Balance as of end-of-period (2)
$123 $47 $170 

For the Three Months Ended
September 30, 2023
CommercialResidentialTotal
Balance as of beginning-of-period$82 $23 $105 
Additions (reductions) from provision for credit loss
expense (1)
Additions from purchases of PCD mortgage loans on
real estate– – – 
Balance as of end-of-period (2)
$89 $24 $113 

For the Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2023
CommercialResidentialTotal
Balance as of beginning-of-year$84 $15 $99 
Additions (reductions) from provision for credit loss
expense (1)
14 
Additions from purchases of PCD mortgage loans on
real estate– – – 
Balance as of end-of-period (2)
$89 $24 $113 

(1) We recognized less than $1 million and $(1) million of credit loss benefit (expense) related to unfunded commitments for mortgage loans on real estate for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $1 million and $(2) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(2) Accrued investment income on mortgage loans on real estate totaled $89 million and $54 million as of September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and was excluded from the estimate of credit losses.
Credit Loss Expense Incurred
Details underlying intent to sell impairments and credit loss benefit (expense) incurred as a result of impairments that were recognized in net income (loss) and included in realized gain (loss) on fixed maturity AFS securities (in millions) were as follows:

For the Three
Months Ended
September 30,
For the Nine
Months Ended
September 30,
2024202320242023
Intent to Sell Impairments (1)
Fixed maturity AFS securities:
Corporate bonds$$(422)$$(941)
State and municipal bonds(28)(48)
RMBS(9)(28)
CMBS(5)(36)
ABS(2)(37)
Hybrid and redeemable preferred securities(1)(1)
Total intent to sell impairments$$(467)$$(1,091)
Credit Loss Benefit (Expense)
Fixed maturity AFS securities:
Corporate bonds$(9)$(1)$(20)$(18)
RMBS(1)– (1)
ABS(4)– (19)– 
Total credit loss benefit (expense)$(14)$(1)$(40)$(17)
(1) The three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, include impairments of certain fixed maturity AFS securities in an unrealized loss position, resulting from the Company's intent to sell these securities as part of the fourth quarter 2023 reinsurance transaction.
Payables for Collateral on Investments
The carrying value of the payables for collateral on investments included on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the fair value of the related investments or collateral (in millions) consisted of the following:

As of September 30, 2024As of December 31, 2023
Carrying ValueFair ValueCarrying ValueFair Value
Collateral payable for derivative investments (1)
$7,185 $7,185 $5,250 $5,250 
Securities pledged under securities lending agreements (2)
185 178 205 197 
Investments pledged for FHLBI (3)
3,200 4,548 2,650 3,603 
Total payables for collateral on investments$10,570 $11,911 $8,105 $9,050 

(1) We obtain collateral based upon contractual provisions with our counterparties. These agreements take into consideration the counterparties’ credit rating as compared to ours, the fair value of the derivative investments and specified thresholds that if exceeded result in the receipt of cash that is typically invested in cash and invested cash or fixed maturity AFS securities. This also includes interest payable on collateral. See Note 5 for additional information.
(2) Our pledged securities under securities lending agreements are included in fixed maturity AFS securities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We generally obtain collateral in an amount equal to 102% and 105% of the fair value of the domestic and foreign securities, respectively. We value collateral daily and obtain additional collateral when deemed appropriate. The cash received in our securities lending program is typically invested in cash and invested cash or fixed maturity AFS securities.
(3) Our pledged investments for Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) of Indianapolis (“FHLBI”) are included in fixed maturity AFS securities and mortgage loans on real estate on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The collateral requirements are generally 105% to 115% of the fair value for fixed maturity AFS securities and 155% to 175% of the fair value for mortgage loans on real estate. The cash received in these transactions is primarily invested in cash and invested cash or fixed maturity AFS securities.
Schedule of Increase (Decrease) in Payables for Collateral on Investments
Increase (decrease) in payables for collateral on investments (in millions) consisted of the following:

For the Nine
Months Ended
September 30,
20242023
Collateral payable for derivative investments$1,935 $1,552 
Securities pledged under securities
lending agreements(20)(8)
Investments pledged for FHLBI550 (210)
Total increase (decrease) in payables for
collateral on investments$2,465$1,334
Schedule of Securities Pledged by Contractual Maturity The remaining contractual maturities of securities lending transactions accounted for as secured borrowings (in millions) were as follows:
As of September 30, 2024
Overnight and ContinuousUp to 30 Days30-90 DaysGreater Than 90 DaysTotal
Securities Lending
Corporate bonds$168 $– $– $– $168 
Equity securities17 – – – 17 
Total gross secured borrowings$185 $– $– $– $185 

As of December 31, 2023
Overnight and ContinuousUp to 30 Days30-90 DaysGreater Than 90 DaysTotal
Securities Lending
Corporate bonds$202 $– $– $– $202 
Equity securities– – – 
Total gross secured borrowings$205 $– $– $– $205