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INCOME TAXES
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
INCOME TAXES
INCOME TAXES
The Company recognized $23,378 of tax expense on pretax income of $84,198, resulting in an effective income tax rate of 27.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2018.  The effective income tax rate was 28.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2017.
The U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “U.S. Tax Act”) was enacted on December 22, 2017. The SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 ("SAB 118"), which provides for a one-year measurement period and provides guidance for the application of ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes. The Company recognized the income tax effects of the U.S. Tax Act to the extent applicable for 2017, the year of enactment. The provisional expense recognized in 2017 primarily related to taxes on the Company’s unremitted foreign earnings, partially offset by the re-measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities. The amounts recorded in 2017 were based on reasonable estimates at that time.
In the first quarter of 2018, the Department of Treasury and Internal Revenue Service issued Treasury Notice 2018-13. Notice 2018-13 requires the use of the spot exchange rate, instead of the average annual exchange rate, to value unremitted foreign earnings as of December 31, 2017. Based on this new guidance, the Company increased the amount recorded in 2017 related to taxes on unremitted foreign earnings by $2,500. No other changes to provisional amounts were recorded in the first quarter of 2018. The Company continues to gather additional information and will complete the accounting within the prescribed measurement period.
The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2018, as compared with the same period in 2017, was primarily due to the U.S. Tax Act's reduction of the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent effective January 1, 2018. The rate decrease was partially offset by the $2,500 adjustment discussed above as well as an incremental tax expense recorded in the first quarter of 2018. The incremental tax expense was the result of the Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) provisions of the U.S. Tax Act, partially offset by the Foreign-Derived Intangible Income (“FDII”) provisions. The amount recorded is based on a reasonable estimate as of March 31, 2018. The Company has not determined its accounting policy with respect to GILTI and has therefore included the 2018 estimate as a period cost and included as part of the estimated annual effective tax rate. The Company is continuing to gather additional information to complete its analysis within the prescribed measurement period. The Company is also continuing to analyze applicability of the Base Erosion Anti-Abuse Tax ("BEAT") and the interest expense limitation during the prescribed period.
As of March 31, 2018, the Company had $16,676 of unrecognized tax benefits.  If recognized, approximately $13,080 would be reflected as a component of income tax expense.
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. and various state, local and foreign jurisdictions.  With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2013.  The Company is currently subject to U.S., various state and non-U.S. income tax audits. 
Unrecognized tax benefits are reviewed on an ongoing basis and are adjusted for changing facts and circumstances, including progress of tax audits and closing of statutes of limitations.  Based on information currently available, management believes that additional audit activity could be completed and/or statutes of limitations may close relating to existing unrecognized tax benefits.  It is reasonably possible there could be a reduction of $2,397 in previously unrecognized tax benefits by the end of the first quarter 2019.