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Goodwill and Other Intangibles
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Other Intangibles Goodwill and Other Intangibles
Goodwill
Goodwill results from excess consideration in a business combination over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but is reviewed for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if impairment indicators are present, by first assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value is less than its carrying amount. If we conclude it is more likely than not that the fair value is less than the carrying amount, a quantitative test that compares the fair value to its carrying value is performed to determine the amount of any impairment. The changes in goodwill during 2021 and 2020 were primarily related to our acquisitions of Prevail and Dermira, respectively. See Note 3 for additional information.
No impairments occurred with respect to the carrying value of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019.
Other Intangibles
The components of intangible assets other than goodwill at December 31 were as follows:
 20212020
DescriptionCarrying
Amount,
Gross		Accumulated
Amortization		Carrying
Amount,
Net		Carrying
Amount,
Gross		Accumulated
Amortization		Carrying
Amount,
Net
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Marketed products$7,987.2 $(2,229.2)$5,758.0 $7,984.0 $(1,659.5)$6,324.5 
Other69.4 (60.5)8.9 92.8 (68.3)24.5 
Total finite-lived intangible assets8,056.6 (2,289.7)5,766.9 8,076.8 (1,727.8)6,349.0 
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Acquired IPR&D1,925.0 — 1,925.0 1,101.0 — 1,101.0 
Other intangibles$9,981.6 $(2,289.7)$7,691.9 $9,177.8 $(1,727.8)$7,450.0 
Marketed products consist of the amortized cost of the rights to assets acquired in business combinations and approved for marketing in a significant global jurisdiction (U.S., Europe, and Japan) and capitalized milestone payments. For transactions other than a business combination, we capitalize milestone payments incurred at or after the product has obtained regulatory approval for marketing.
Other finite-lived intangible assets consist primarily of the amortized cost of licensed platform technologies that have alternative future uses in research and development, manufacturing technologies, and customer relationships from business combinations.
Acquired IPR&D consists of the fair values of acquired IPR&D projects acquired in business combination, adjusted for subsequent impairments, if any. The costs of acquired IPR&D projects acquired directly in a transaction other than a business combination are capitalized as other intangible assets if the projects have an alternative future use; otherwise, they are expensed immediately. See Note 3 for acquired IPR&D projects that had no alternative future use.
Several methods may be used to determine the estimated fair value of other intangibles acquired in a business combination. We utilize the "income method," which is a Level 3 fair value measurement and applies a probability weighting that considers the risk of development and commercialization to the estimated future net cash flows that are derived from projected revenues and estimated costs. These projections are based on factors such as relevant market size, patent protection, historical pricing of similar products, analyst expectations, and expected industry trends. The estimated future net cash flows are then discounted to the present value using an appropriate discount rate. This analysis is performed for each asset independently. The acquired IPR&D assets are treated as indefinite-lived intangible assets until completion or abandonment of the projects, at which time the assets are tested for impairment and amortized over the remaining useful life or written off, as appropriate.
The change in marketed products in 2021 primarily related to the sale of rights to Qbrexza in 2021 as well as the impairment of a Phase I molecule related to a contract-based intangible. See Note 5 for additional information. These decreases were more than offset by the recognition of several milestones related to the COVID-19 therapies that occurred in 2021. The increase in the acquired IPR&D in 2021 is due to the acquisition of Prevail. See Note 3 for additional information regarding intangible assets acquired in a recent business combination and Note 4 for additional information regarding capitalized milestone payments.
Indefinite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if impairment indicators are present, by first assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the asset is less than its carrying amount. If we conclude it is more likely than not that the fair value is less than the carrying amount, a quantitative test that compares the fair value of the intangible asset to its carrying value is performed to determine the amount of any impairment. Finite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment when an indicator of impairment is present. When required, a comparison of fair value to the carrying amount of assets is performed to determine the amount of any impairment. When determining the fair value of indefinite-lived acquired IPR&D as well as the fair value of finite-lived intangible assets for impairment testing purposes, we utilize the "income method" discussed above.
Intangible assets with finite lives are capitalized and are amortized primarily to cost of sales over their estimated useful lives, ranging from one to 20 years. As of December 31, 2021, the remaining weighted-average amortization period for finite-lived intangible assets was approximately 14 years.
Amortization expense related to finite-lived intangible assets was as follows:
202120202019
Amortization expense$628.8 $428.2 $225.8 
The estimated amortization expense for each of the next five years associated with our finite-lived intangible assets as of December 31, 2021 is as follows:
20222023202420252026
Estimated amortization expense$570.9 $483.5 $433.7 $417.1 $408.8