Note 4: Collaborations and Other Arrangements

We often enter into collaborative and other similar arrangements to develop and commercialize drug candidates. Collaborative activities may include research and development, marketing and selling (including promotional activities and physician detailing), manufacturing, and distribution. These arrangements often require milestone and royalty or profit-share payments, contingent upon the occurrence of certain future events linked to the success of the asset in development, as well as expense reimbursements or payments to the collaboration partner. Elements within a collaboration are separated into individual units of accounting if they have standalone value from other elements within the arrangement. In these situations, the arrangement consideration is allocated to the elements on a relative selling price basis. Revenues related to products we sell pursuant to these arrangements are included in net product revenues, while other sources of revenue (e.g., royalties and profit sharing due from our partner) are included in collaboration and other revenue.

The following table summarizes our collaboration and other revenue recognized:



	2015		2014		2013
Collaboration and other revenue	$	808.1	$	788.4	$	707.5

Operating expenses for costs incurred pursuant to these arrangements are reported in their respective expense line items, net of any payments due to or reimbursements due from our collaboration partners, with such reimbursements being recognized at the time the party becomes obligated to pay. Each collaboration is unique in nature, and our more significant arrangements are discussed below.

Boehringer Ingelheim Diabetes Collaboration

We and Boehringer Ingelheim have a global agreement to jointly develop and commercialize a portfolio of diabetes compounds. Currently, included in the collaboration are Boehringer Ingelheim’s oral diabetes products: Trajenta^®, Jentadueto^®, Jardiance^®, Glyxambi^®, and Synjardy^®, as well as our Basaglar^®.

The table below summarizes significant regulatory and commercialization events and milestones (received) paid for the compounds included in this collaboration:



Product Family	Product Status			Milestones (Earned) Expensed⁽¹⁾				Milestones (Deferred) Capitalized⁽²⁾
Product Family	U.S.	Europe	Japan	Year	Amount			Year	Amount
Trajenta⁽³⁾	Launched 2011	Launched 2011	Launched 2011	2015	$	—		2015	$	—
				2014	—			2014	—
				2013	—			2013	—
								Cumulative⁽⁶⁾	446.4
Jardiance⁽⁴⁾	Launched 2014	Launched 2014	Launched 2015	2015	—			2015	—
				2014	—			2014	299.5
				2013	97.2			2013	—
								Cumulative⁽⁶⁾	299.5
Basaglar	Approved⁽⁵⁾	Launched 2015	Launched 2015	2015	—			2015	—
				2014	—			2014	(62.5		)
				2013	(50.0		)	2013	—
								Cumulative⁽⁶⁾	(62.5		)

⁽¹⁾ Milestones earned for Basaglar as a result of regulatory submissions were recorded as income in other-net, (income) expense. Milestones expensed for Jardiance as a result of regulatory submissions were recorded as research and development expenses.

⁽²⁾ In connection with the regulatory approvals of Basaglar in Europe and Japan, milestone payments received were recorded as deferred revenue and are being amortized through the term of the collaboration (2029) to collaboration and other revenue. In connection with the regulatory approvals of Trajenta and Jardiance, milestone payments made were capitalized as intangible assets and are being amortized through the term of the collaboration to cost of sales.

⁽³⁾ Jentadueto is included in the Trajenta family of product results.

⁽⁴⁾ Glyxambi and Synjardyare included in the Jardiance family of product results.

⁽⁵⁾ In September 2015, we entered into a settlement agreement to resolve patent infringement litigation filed by Sanofi-Aventis U.S. LLC (Sanofi), which markets Lantus^®(insulin glargine). As part of the settlement agreement, the parties agreed that Basaglar can be launched in the U.S. beginning on December 15, 2016. Basaglar received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in December 2015. As a result of receiving FDA approval, we received $187.5 million in 2016, which was recorded as deferred revenue and will be amortized through the term of the collaboration to collaboration and other revenue upon product launch.

⁽⁶⁾ The cumulative amount represents the total amounts as of the end of the reporting period that have been (deferred) or capitalized since the start of this collaboration.

In October 2014, we and Boehringer Ingelheim agreed upon certain changes to the operational and financial structure of our diabetes collaboration. Under the revised agreement the companies have continued their co-promotion work in 17 countries, representing over 90 percent of the collaboration’s anticipated market opportunity. In the other countries, the companies exclusively commercialize the respective molecules they brought to the collaboration. The modifications became effective at the end of 2014 and changed the financial terms related to the modified countries; however, the financial impact resulting from the revised terms of the agreement in these countries has not been and is not anticipated to be material. As a result of these changes, we recorded a gain of $92.0 million in 2014 related to the transfer to Boehringer Ingelheim of our license rights to co-promote linagliptin and empagliflozin in these countries, which was recorded as income in other–net, (income) expense. We also incurred a charge of $55.2 million related to the transfer to us of Boehringer Ingelheim's rights to co-promote Basaglar in countries where it was not yet approved, which was recorded as acquired IPR&D expense.

With the exception of the countries affected by the amendment to the collaboration agreement, the companies share equally the ongoing development costs, commercialization costs and gross margin for any product resulting from the collaboration. We record our portion of the gross margin associated with Boehringer Ingelheim's compounds as collaboration and other revenue. We record our sales of Basaglar to third parties as net product revenues with the payments made to Boehringer Ingelheim for their portion of the gross margin recorded as cost of sales. For all compounds under this collaboration, we record our portion of the commercialization costs as marketing, selling, and administrative expense. Each company will also be entitled to potential performance payments on sales of the molecules they contribute to the collaboration.

The following table summarizes our revenue recognized with respect to the Trajenta family of products:



	2015		2014		2013
Collaboration and other revenue	$	356.8	$	328.8	$	249.2

Our revenues related to the Jardiance family of products were not significant for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. Our revenues related to Basaglar were not significant for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Erbitux

We have several collaborations with respect to Erbitux. The most significant collaborations are in Japan, and prior to the transfer of commercialization rights in the fourth quarter of 2015, the U.S. and Canada (Bristol-Myers Squibb Company); and worldwide except North America (Merck KGaA). Certain rights to Erbitux outside North America will remain with Merck KGaA (Merck) upon expiration of that agreement.

The following table summarizes our revenue recognized with respect to Erbitux:



	2015		2014		2013
Net product revenues - BMS	$	23.3	$	46.1	$	58.5
Net product revenues - third party	152.3		—		—
Collaboration and other revenue	309.4		327.2		315.2
Revenue	$	485.0	$	373.3	$	373.7

Bristol-Myers Squibb Company

Pursuant to commercial agreements with BMS, we had been co-developing Erbitux in North America with BMS exclusively. A separate agreement grants co-exclusive rights among Merck, BMS, and us in Japan and expires in 2032. On October 1, 2015, BMS transferred their commercialization rights to us with respect to Erbitux in North America pursuant to a modification of our existing arrangement, and we began selling Erbitux at that time. This modification did not affect our rights with respect to Erbitux in other jurisdictions. In connection with the modification of terms, we will provide consideration to BMS based upon a tiered percentage of net sales of Erbitux in North America estimated to average 38 percent through September 2018. The transfer of the commercialization rights was accounted for as an acquisition of a business.

The following table summarizes the preliminary amounts recognized for assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date:



Estimated Fair Value at October 1, 2015
Marketed products⁽¹⁾	$	602.1
Deferred tax asset	232.2
Deferred tax liability	(228.2		)
Other assets and liabilities - net	57.2
Total identifiable net assets	$	663.3
Total consideration - contingent consideration liability⁽²⁾	$	(663.3	)

⁽¹⁾These intangible assets will be amortized to cost of sales using the straight-line method through the co-development period in North America as set forth in the original agreement, which was scheduled to expire in September 2018.

⁽²⁾See Note 7 for discussion on the estimation of the contingent consideration liability.

The final determination of these amounts will be completed as soon as possible but no later than one year from the acquisition date and may result in asset and liability fair values that differ from preliminary estimates, but it is not expected that these differences will be material to our consolidated financial statements.

Including the Erbitux business as if we had acquired it on January 1, 2015, our combined consolidated unaudited pro forma revenue would have been approximately $20.2 billion for the year ended December 31, 2015. This unaudited pro forma financial information adjusts the historical consolidated revenue to give effect to pro forma events that are directly attributable to the acquisition. There would have been no material change to our historical consolidated net income. The unaudited pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of what our consolidated revenues would have been had we completed the acquisition at the beginning of 2015. In addition, the unaudited pro forma financial information does not attempt to project the future results of operations of our combined company.

Until the effective date of the transfer of the business, the arrangements between us and BMS were as set forth in this paragraph. Erbitux research and development and other costs were shared by both companies according to a predetermined ratio. Responsibilities associated with clinical and other ongoing studies were apportioned between the parties under the agreements. Collaborative reimbursements due to us for supply of clinical trial materials, for research and development, and for a portion of marketing, selling, and administrative expenses were recorded as a reduction to the respective expense line items on the consolidated statement of operations. We received a distribution fee in the form of a royalty from BMS, based on a percentage of net sales in North America, which was recorded in collaboration and other revenue. Royalties due to third parties were recorded as a reduction of collaboration and other revenue, net of any royalty reimbursements due from third parties. We were responsible for the manufacture and supply of all requirements of Erbitux in bulk-form active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) for clinical and commercial use in North America, and BMS purchased all of its requirements of API from us, subject to certain stipulations per the agreement. Sales of Erbitux API to BMS were reported in net product revenues.

Merck KGaA

A development and license agreement grants Merck exclusive rights to market Erbitux outside of North America until December 2018. A separate agreement grants co-exclusive rights among Merck, BMS, and us in Japan and expires in 2032. This agreement was amended in 2015 to grant Merck exclusive commercialization rights in Japan but did not result in any changes to our rights.

Merck manufactures Erbitux for supply in its territory as well as for Japan. We receive a royalty on the sales of Erbitux outside of North America, which is included in collaboration and other revenue as earned. Royalties due to third parties are recorded as a reduction of collaboration and other revenue, net of any royalty reimbursements due from third parties.

Effient^®

We are in a collaborative arrangement with Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. (Daiichi Sankyo) to develop, market, and promote Effient. Marketing rights for major territories are shown below. We and Daiichi Sankyo each have exclusive marketing rights in certain other territories.



Territory	Marketing Rights	Selling Party
U.S.	Co-promotion	Lilly
Major European markets	Co-promotion	Pre-January 1, 2016, Lilly Post-January 1, 2016, Daiichi Sankyo
Japan	Exclusive	Daiichi Sankyo

Beginning January 1, 2016, while major European markets continue to be a co-promotion territory under the terms of our arrangement, Daiichi Sankyo exclusively promotes Effient in these markets. The economic results for the major European markets continue to be shared in the same proportion as they were previously.

The parties share approximately 50/50 in the profits, as well as in the costs of development and marketing in the co-promotion territories. A third party manufactures bulk product, and we continue to produce the finished product for our exclusive and co-promotion territories, as well as the major European markets.

We record net product revenue in our exclusive and co-promotion territories where we are the selling party. Profit-share payments due to Daiichi Sankyo for co-promotion countries where we are the selling party are recorded as marketing, selling, and administrative expenses. Beginning January 1, 2016, any profit-share payments due to us from Daiichi Sankyo for the major European markets will be recorded as collaboration and other revenue. We also record our share of the expenses in these co-promotion territories as marketing, selling, and administrative expenses. In our exclusive territories, we pay Daiichi Sankyo a royalty specific to these territories. All royalties due to Daiichi Sankyo and the third-party manufacturer are recorded in cost of sales.

The following table summarizes our revenue recognized with respect to Effient:



	2015		2014		2013
Revenue	$	523.0	$	522.2	$	508.7

Baricitinib

We have a worldwide license and collaboration agreement with Incyte Corporation (Incyte) which provides us the development and commercialization rights to its Janus tyrosine kinase inhibitor compound, now known as baricitinib, and certain follow-on compounds, for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Incyte has the right to receive tiered, double-digit royalty payments on future global sales with rates ranging up to 20 percent if the product is successfully commercialized. The agreement provides Incyte with options to co-develop these compounds on an indication-by-indication basis by funding 30 percent of the associated development costs from the initiation of a Phase IIb trial through regulatory approval in exchange for increased tiered royalties ranging up to percentages in the high twenties. In 2010, Incyte exercised its option to co-develop baricitinib in rheumatoid arthritis. The agreement also provides Incyte with an option to co-promote in the U.S. and calls for us to make payments to Incyte associated with certain development, success-based regulatory, and sales-based milestones. In 2016, we incurred milestone-related expenses of $55.0 million in connection with regulatory submissions in the U.S. and Europe. These regulatory submission milestones will be recorded as research and development expenses in 2016. In the future, Incyte will be eligible to receive up to $360.0 million of additional payments from us contingent upon certain development and success-based regulatory milestones as well as an additional $150.0 million of potential sales-based milestones.

Solanezumab

We have an agreement with an affiliate of TPG-Axon Capital (TPG) whereby TPG funded a portion of the Phase III development of solanezumab. Under the agreement, TPG’s obligation to fund solanezumab costs ended in 2011. In exchange for its funding, TPG may receive success-based sales milestones totaling approximately $70 million and mid-single digit royalties contingent upon the successful development of solanezumab. The royalties would be paid for approximately 10 years after launch of a product.

Tanezumab

In October 2013, we entered into a collaboration agreement with Pfizer Inc. (Pfizer) to jointly develop and globally commercialize tanezumab for the treatment of osteoarthritis pain, chronic low back pain and cancer pain. Under the agreement, the companies share equally the ongoing development costs and, if successful, in gross margins and certain commercialization expenses. Following the FDA's decision in March 2015 to lift the partial clinical hold on tanezumab, certain Phase III trials resumed in July 2015. Upon the FDA's lifting of the partial clinical hold and the decision to continue the collaboration with Pfizer, we paid an upfront fee of $200.0 million which was expensed as acquired IPR&D. In addition to this fee, we may pay up to $350.0 million in success-based regulatory milestones and up to $1.23 billion in a series of sales-based milestones, contingent upon the commercial success of tanezumab. Both parties have the right to terminate the agreement under certain circumstances.

Exenatide

In November 2011, we agreed with Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Amylin) to terminate our collaborative arrangement for the joint development, marketing, and selling of Byetta^® (exenatide injection) and other forms of exenatide such as Bydureon^® (exenatide extended-release for injectable suspension). Under the terms of the termination agreement, Amylin made a one-time, upfront payment to us of $250.0 million and agreed to make other payments. Upon completion of the acquisition of Amylin by Bristol-Myers Squibb Company in August 2012, Amylin's obligation of $1.26 billion was paid in full. We would also receive a $150.0 million milestone payment contingent upon FDA approval of a once-monthly suspension version of exenatide.

Commercial operations were transferred to Amylin in the U.S. in late 2011. Outside the U.S., we transferred to Amylin exenatide commercial rights and control in all markets during the first quarter of 2013. All income allocated to the business outside the U.S. that was transferred during the first quarter of 2013 was recognized as a gain on the disposition of a business in other–net, (income) expense, net of the goodwill allocated to the business transferred.

Under the terms of our prior arrangement, we reported as net product revenues 100 percent of sales outside the U.S. We paid Amylin a percentage of the gross margin of exenatide sales outside of the U.S., and these costs were recorded in cost of sales. This arrangement for the commercial operations outside the U.S. continued until those rights were transferred to Amylin during the first quarter of 2013.

The following table summarizes the revenue and other income recognized with respect to exenatide for the year ended December 31, 2013:



	2013
Revenue	$	133.1
Income related to termination of the exenatide collaboration with Amylin⁽¹⁾	495.4

⁽¹⁾ Presented in other-net, (income) expense.

Our revenue from exenatide was not significant in 2014. We have not recorded any additional revenue from exenatide in 2015 and will not do so in future periods.

Summary of Commission and Profit-Share Payments

The following table summarizes our aggregate amount of marketing, selling, and administrative expense associated with our commission and profit-sharing obligations for the collaborations and other arrangements described above:



	2015		2014		2013
Marketing, selling, and administrative	$	213.2	$	211.2	$	203.7