Comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of net income (loss) and all changes to stockholders’ equity, except those changes resulting from investments by stockholders (changes in paid in capital) and distributions to stockholders (dividends), and is reported in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes, is recorded as a component of stockholders’ equity.


	October 31, 2024		April 30, 2024

	(in thousands)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	$	(108,781)	$	(116,004)
Deferred compensation and pension plan adjustments, net of tax	8,223		8,370
Marketable securities unrealized gain (loss), net of tax	57		(37)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net	$	(100,501)	$	(107,671)

The following table summarizes the changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net for the three months ended October 31, 2024:


	Foreign Currency Translation		Deferred Compensation and Pension Plan		Unrealized Gains on Marketable Securities		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

	(in thousands)
Balance as of July 31, 2024	$	(113,207)	$	8,320	$	27	$	(104,860)
Unrealized gains arising during the period	4,426		—		30		4,456
Reclassification of realized net gains to net income	—		(97)		—		(97)
Balance as of October 31, 2024	$	(108,781)	$	8,223	$	57	$	(100,501)

The following table summarizes the changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net for the six months ended October 31, 2024:


	Foreign Currency Translation		Deferred Compensation and Pension Plan		Unrealized (Losses) Gains on Marketable Securities		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

	(in thousands)
Balance as of April 30, 2024	$	(116,004)	$	8,370	$	(37)	$	(107,671)
Unrealized gains arising during the period	7,223		—		94		7,317
Reclassification of realized net gains to net income	—		(147)		—		(147)
Balance as of October 31, 2024	$	(108,781)	$	8,223	$	57	$	(100,501)

The following table summarizes the changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net for the three months ended October 31, 2023:


	Foreign Currency Translation		Deferred Compensation and Pension Plan		Unrealized Losses on Marketable Securities		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

	(in thousands)
Balance as of July 31, 2023	$	(94,729)	$	4,408	$	(150)	$	(90,471)
Unrealized (losses) gains arising during the period	(25,467)		—		37		(25,430)
Reclassification of realized net losses to net income	—		28		—		28
Balance as of October 31, 2023	$	(120,196)	$	4,436	$	(113)	$	(115,873)

The following table summarizes the changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net for the six months ended October 31, 2023:


	Foreign Currency Translation		Deferred Compensation and Pension Plan		Unrealized Losses on Marketable Securities (1)		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

	(in thousands)
Balance as of April 30, 2023	$	(96,860)	$	4,381	$	(285)	$	(92,764)
Unrealized (losses) gains arising during the period	(23,336)		—		172		(23,164)
Reclassification of realized net losses to net income	—		55		—		55
Balance as of October 31, 2023	$	(120,196)	$	4,436	$	(113)	$	(115,873)


(1)			The tax effect on the unrealized gains was $0.1 million for the six months ended October 31, 2023.