Comprehensive income is comprised of net income and all changes to stockholders’ equity, except those changes resulting from investments by stockholders (changes in paid in capital) and distributions to stockholders (dividends) and is reported in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes, is recorded as a component of stockholders’ equity.


	January 31, 2023		April 30, 2022

	(in thousands)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	$	(97,509)	$	(92,717)
Deferred compensation and pension plan adjustments, net of tax	1,126		961
Marketable securities unrealized loss, net of tax	(419)		(429)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net	$	(96,802)	$	(92,185)

The following table summarizes the changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net for the three months ended January 31, 2023:


	Foreign Currency Translation		Deferred Compensation and Pension Plan		Unrealized Losses on Marketable Securities (1)		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

	(in thousands)
Balance as of October 31, 2022	$	(136,991)	$	1,066	$	(740)	$	(136,665)
Unrealized gains arising during the period	39,482		—		321		39,803
Reclassification of realized net losses to net income	—		60		—		60
Balance as of January 31, 2023	$	(97,509)	$	1,126	$	(419)	$	(96,802)

The following table summarizes the changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net for the nine months ended January 31, 2023:


	Foreign Currency Translation		Deferred Compensation and Pension Plan (2)		Unrealized Losses on Marketable Securities		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

	(in thousands)
Balance as of April 30, 2022	$	(92,717)	$	961	$	(429)	$	(92,185)
Unrealized (losses) gains arising during the period	(4,792)		—		10		(4,782)
Reclassification of realized net losses to net income	—		165		—		165
Balance as of January 31, 2023	$	(97,509)	$	1,126	$	(419)	$	(96,802)


(1)			The tax effect on the unrealized gains was $0.1 million for three months ended January 31, 2023.
(2)			The tax effect on the reclassifications of realized net losses was $0.1 million for the nine months ended January 31, 2023.

The following table summarizes the changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net for the three months ended January 31, 2022:


	Foreign Currency Translation		Deferred Compensation and Pension Plan (1)		Unrealized Losses on Marketable Securities		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

	(in thousands)
Balance as of October 31, 2021	$	(49,051)	$	(17,443)	$	(36)	$	(66,530)
Unrealized (losses) gains arising during the period	(15,232)		824		(115)		(14,523)
Reclassification of realized net losses to net income	—		335		—		335
Balance as of January 31, 2022	$	(64,283)	$	(16,284)	$	(151)	$	(80,718)

The following table summarizes the changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net for the nine months ended January 31, 2022:


	Foreign Currency Translation		Deferred Compensation and Pension Plan (1)		Unrealized Losses on Marketable Securities		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

	(in thousands)
Balance as of April 30, 2021	$	(33,666)	$	(18,135)	$	(19)	$	(51,820)
Unrealized (losses) gains arising during the period	(30,617)		839		(133)		(29,911)
Reclassification of realized net losses to net income	—		1,012		1		1,013
Balance as of January 31, 2022	$	(64,283)	$	(16,284)	$	(151)	$	(80,718)


(1)			The tax effect on unrealized (losses) gains were both $0.3 million for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2022. The tax effect on the reclassifications of realized net losses was $0.1 million and $0.3 million for the three and nine months ended January 31, 2022.