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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Valuation Assumptions on PSU Grants
The fair value of PSUs is estimated on the date of initial grant using the Monte-Carlo simulation model. Key assumptions used to value PSUs granted during 2020 are as follows:
Year Ended December 31, 2020
Expected Volatility (based on our and our peer group historical daily stock prices)23 %
Expected Life (equals the performance period)3 years
Risk Free Interest Rate (based on U.S. Treasury yields at the date of grant)0.85 %
Activity for CIUs
Activity for CIUs, which are classified as a liability, is as follows:
Units
(000s)
Outstanding at December 31, 2023
17,028 
Granted
16,187 
Vested(13,442)
Forfeited(3,318)
Outstanding at December 31, 2024
16,455 
Schedule of Cash-based Payment Award, Cash-incentive Units, Valuation Assumptions
The fair value of CIUs is estimated at each reporting period using the Monte-Carlo simulation model. Key assumptions used to value CIUs granted are as follows:
Assumptions as of the Year Ended December 31, 2024
2024 Grant2023 Grant
Expected Volatility (based on our and our peer group historical daily stock prices)30 %30 %
Expected Life (equals the performance period)2 years1 year
Risk Free Interest Rate (based on U.S. Treasury yields at the date of grant)4.25 %4.19 %

Assumptions as of the Year Ended December 31, 2023
2023 Grant2022 Grant
Expected Volatility (based on our and our peer group historical daily stock prices)30 %27 %
Expected Life (equals the performance period)2 years1 year
Risk Free Interest Rate (based on U.S. Treasury yields at the date of grant)4.26 %4.75 %

Assumptions as of the Year Ended December 31, 2022
2022 Grant2021 Grant
Expected Volatility (based on our and our peer group historical daily stock prices)30 %33 %
Expected Life (equals the performance period)2 years1 year
Risk Free Interest Rate (based on U.S. Treasury yields at the date of grant)4.26 %4.60 %
Activity for Restricted Stock Units
Activity for RSUs, which are classified as equity, is as follows:
Weighted Average
SharesGrant Date
(000s)Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 20231,213 $35.51 
Granted825 49.57 
Vested(906)37.88 
Forfeited(145)40.71 
Outstanding at December 31, 2024987 44.31 
Schedule of Compensation Cost for Share-based Payment Arrangements
Compensation expense for the stock based plans, as reported in our consolidated statements of income, is as follows:
Year Ended December 31
202420232022
(in millions of dollars)
Performance Share Units$— $0.3 $5.7 
Cash Incentive Units12.4 21.7 12.8 
Restricted Stock Units and Cash-Settled Restricted Stock Units34.5 40.6 32.7 
Stock Success Units0.1 0.9 0.9 
Other0.8 0.6 0.6 
Total Compensation Expense, Before Income Tax$47.8 $64.1 $52.7 
Total Compensation Expense, Net of Income Tax$41.6 $57.5 $47.3