10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D. C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024

☐ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number 001-11294

Unum Group

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	62-1598430
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1 Fountain Square Chattanooga, Tennessee	37402
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)
(423) 294-1011
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.10 par value	UNM	New York Stock Exchange
6.250% Junior Subordinated Notes due 2058	UNMA	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes [X] No [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

(Check one):

Large Accelerated Filer	x	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	¨	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.			☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

182,611,898 shares of the registrant's common stock were outstanding as of October 28, 2024.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
	Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements	1
	PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited):	3
	Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023	3
	Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023	5
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023	6
	Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023	7
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023	8
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	9
	Note 1 - Basis of Presentation	9
	Note 2 - Accounting Developments	9
	Note 3 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments	11
	Note 4 - Investments	29
	Note 5 - Derivative Financial Instruments	44
	Note 6 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	53
	Note 7 - Liability for Future Policy Benefits	55
	Note 8 - Policyholders' Account Balances	72
	Note 9 - Deferred Acquisition Costs	75
	Note 10 - Segment Information	77
	Note 11 - Employee Benefit Plans	81
	Note 12 - Stockholders' Equity and Earnings Per Common Share	82
	Note 13 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities	84
	Note 14 - Debt and Other	85
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	87
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	134
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	134
	PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	135
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	135
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	135
Item 5.	Other Information	135
Item 6.	Exhibits	137
	Signatures	138

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the Act) provides a "safe harbor" to encourage companies to provide prospective information, as long as those statements are identified as forward-looking and are accompanied by meaningful cautionary statements identifying important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those included in the forward-looking statements. Certain information contained in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q (including certain statements in the consolidated financial statements and related notes and Management's Discussion and Analysis), or in any other written or oral statements made by us in communications with the financial community or contained in documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), may be considered forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Act. Forward-looking statements are those not based on historical information, but rather relate to our outlook, future operations, strategies, financial results, or other developments. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date made. We undertake no obligation to update these statements, even if made available on our website or otherwise. These statements may be made directly in this document or may be made part of this document by reference to other documents filed by us with the SEC, a practice which is known as "incorporation by reference." You can find many of these statements by looking for words such as "will," "may," "should," "could," "believes," "expects," "anticipates," "estimates," "plans," "assumes," "intends," "projects," "goals,” "objectives," or similar expressions in this document or in documents incorporated herein.

1

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements - Continued

These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks, and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. We caution readers that the following factors, in addition to other factors mentioned from time to time, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements:

•Fluctuation in insurance reserve liabilities and claim payments due to changes in claim incidence, recovery rates, mortality and morbidity rates, and policy benefit offsets due to, among other factors, the rate of unemployment and consumer confidence, the emergence of new diseases, epidemics, or pandemics, new trends and developments in medical treatments, the effectiveness of our claims operational processes, and changes in governmental programs.

•Sustained periods of low interest rates.

•Unfavorable economic or business conditions, both domestic and foreign, that may result in decreases in sales, premiums, or persistency, as well as unfavorable claims activity or unfavorable returns on our investment portfolio.

•The impact of pandemics and other public health issues on our business, financial position, results of operations, liquidity and capital resources, and overall business operations.

•Changes in, or interpretations or enforcement of, laws and regulations.

•A cybersecurity attack or other security breach resulting in compromised data or the unauthorized acquisition of confidential data.

•The failure of our business recovery and incident management processes to resume our business operations in the event of a natural catastrophe, cybersecurity attack, or other event.

•Investment results, including, but not limited to, changes in interest rates, defaults, changes in credit spreads, impairments, and the lack of appropriate investments in the market which can be acquired to match our liabilities.

•Increased competition from other insurers and financial services companies due to industry consolidation, new entrants to our markets, or other factors.

•Ineffectiveness of our derivatives hedging programs due to changes in forecasted cash flows, the economic environment, counterparty risk, ratings downgrades, capital market volatility, changes in interest rates, and/or regulation.

•Changes in our financial strength and credit ratings.

•Actual experience in the broad array of our products that deviates from our assumptions used in pricing, underwriting, and reserving.

•Our ability to hire and retain qualified employees.

•Our ability to develop digital capabilities or execute on our technology systems upgrades or replacements.

•Availability of reinsurance in the market and the ability of our reinsurers to meet their obligations to us.

•Ability to generate sufficient internal liquidity and/or obtain external financing.

•Damage to our reputation due to, among other factors, regulatory investigations, legal proceedings, external events, and/or inadequate or failed internal controls and procedures.

•Disruptions to our business or our ability to leverage data caused by the use and reliance on third party vendors, including vendors providing web and cloud based applications.

•Recoverability and/or realization of the carrying value of our intangible assets, long-lived assets, and deferred tax assets.

•Effectiveness of our risk management program.

•Contingencies and the level and results of litigation.

•Fluctuation in foreign currency exchange rates.

•Our ability to meet environment, social, and governance standards and expectations of investors, regulators, customers, and other stakeholders.

For further discussion of risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ from those contained in the forward-looking statements, see Part 1, Item 1A of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section.

2

Table of Contents

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

 

	September 30		December 31
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Investments
Fixed Maturity Securities - at fair value (amortized cost of $38,822.6; $38,410.6; allowance for credit losses of $2.9; $2.2)	$	37,783.5	$	36,833.9
Mortgage Loans (net of allowance for credit losses of $16.5; $10.2)	2,238.9		2,318.2
Policy Loans	3,625.6		3,620.2
Other Long-term Investments	1,682.8		1,579.4
Short-term Investments	1,990.8		1,610.7
Total Investments	47,321.6		45,962.4
Other Assets
Cash and Bank Deposits	163.4		146.0
Accounts and Premiums Receivable (net of allowance for credit losses of $27.1; $29.5)	1,495.7		1,543.7
Reinsurance Recoverable (net of allowance for credit losses of $1.7; $1.7)	8,637.6		9,108.4
Accrued Investment Income	786.8		633.9
Deferred Acquisition Costs	2,823.5		2,714.5
Goodwill	352.0		349.9
Property and Equipment	495.2		485.3
Deferred Income Tax	431.9		649.4
Other Assets	1,632.8		1,661.7
Total Assets	$	64,140.5	$	63,255.2

 See notes to consolidated financial statements.

3

Table of Contents

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

	September 30		December 31
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Liabilities
Future Policy Benefits	$	39,444.5	$	40,009.4
Policyholders' Account Balances	5,661.3		5,667.7
Unearned Premiums	474.7		380.2
Other Policyholders’ Funds	1,507.7		1,615.7
Income Tax Payable	137.7		190.0
Deferred Income Tax	28.5		27.0
Long-term Debt	3,470.4		3,430.4
Other Liabilities	2,464.3		2,283.4
Total Liabilities	53,189.1		53,603.8
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities - Note 13
Stockholders' Equity
Common Stock, $0.10 par
Authorized: 725,000,000 shares
Issued: 195,419,352 and 194,588,625 shares	19.5		19.4
Additional Paid-in Capital	1,563.3		1,547.8
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	(2,729.7)		(3,308.0)
Retained Earnings	12,642.4		11,431.5
Treasury Stock - at cost: 10,918,177 and 1,216,528 shares	(544.1)		(39.3)
Total Stockholders' Equity	10,951.4		9,651.4
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$	64,140.5	$	63,255.2

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

4

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

 

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars, except share data)
Revenue
Premium Income	$	2,628.8	$	2,525.9	$	7,866.3	$	7,494.3
Net Investment Income	527.8		526.0		1,586.4		1,565.9
Net Investment Loss	(12.9)		(31.0)		(24.5)		(30.0)
Other Income	73.3		71.6		222.5		210.6
Total Revenue	3,217.0		3,092.5		9,650.7		9,240.8
Benefits and Expenses
Policy Benefits	1,864.6		1,778.6		5,624.2		5,498.6
Policy Benefits - Remeasurement Loss (Gain)	(402.7)		168.4		(567.5)		(61.6)
Commissions	315.1		289.7		947.8		869.7
Interest and Debt Expense	49.2		48.6		148.6		145.6
Deferral of Acquisition Costs	(163.3)		(153.3)		(495.3)		(467.5)
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs	133.8		129.1		387.9		358.7
Compensation Expense	294.2		297.9		895.9		867.3
Other Expenses	311.5		271.8		903.3		818.6
Total Benefits and Expenses	2,402.4		2,830.8		7,844.9		8,029.4
Income Before Income Tax	814.6		261.7		1,805.8		1,211.4
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Current	95.6		187.5		315.8		381.7
Deferred	73.3		(127.8)		59.6		(123.5)
Total Income Tax Expense	168.9		59.7		375.4		258.2
Net Income	$	645.7	$	202.0	$	1,430.4	$	953.2
Net Income Per Common Share
Basic	$	3.46	$	1.03	$	7.54	$	4.83
Assuming Dilution	$	3.46	$	1.02	$	7.52	$	4.81

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

5

Table of Contents

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

 

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Net Income	$	645.7	$	202.0	$	1,430.4	$	953.2
Other Comprehensive Income
Change in Net Unrealized Loss on Securities (net of tax expense (benefit) of $327.6; $(313.8); $110.4; $(249.2))	1,232.6		(1,185.8)		427.9		(920.0)
Change in the Effect of Discount Rate Assumptions on the Liability for Future Policy Benefits, Net of Reinsurance (net of tax expense (benefit) of $(329.3); $445.0; $35.6; $368.2)	(1,239.3)		1,688.4		121.4		1,374.6
Change in Net Loss on Derivatives (net of tax expense (benefit) of $14.1; $(38.9); $(9.0); $(44.7))	55.7		(144.4)		(35.2)		(168.1)
Change in Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment (net of tax expense (benefit) of $—; $(0.7); $1.5; $0.3)	68.5		(55.1)		61.2		7.9
Change in Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs (net of tax expense (benefit) of $(0.3); $1.2; $9.8; $1.1)	(1.0)		3.9		3.0		3.3
Total Other Comprehensive Income	116.5		307.0		578.3		297.7
Comprehensive Income	$	762.2	$	509.0	$	2,008.7	$	1,250.9

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

6

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

     

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Common Stock
Balance at Beginning of Period	$	19.5	$	30.9	$	19.4	$	30.8
Common Stock Activity	—		—		0.1		0.1
Balance at End of Period	19.5		30.9		19.5		30.9
Additional Paid-in Capital
Balance at Beginning of Period	1,558.8		2,444.9		1,547.8		2,441.0
Common Stock Activity	4.5		9.4		15.5		13.3
Balance at End of Period	1,563.3		2,454.3		1,563.3		2,454.3
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance at Beginning of Period	(2,846.2)		(3,457.6)		(3,308.0)		(3,448.3)
Other Comprehensive Income	116.5		307.0		578.3		297.7
Balance at End of Period	(2,729.7)		(3,150.6)		(2,729.7)		(3,150.6)
Retained Earnings
Balance at Beginning of Period	12,074.6		13,758.1		11,431.5		13,141.3
Net Income	645.7		202.0		1,430.4		953.2
Dividends to Stockholders (per common share: $0.420; $0.365; $1.150; $1.025)	(77.9)		(71.4)		(219.5)		(205.8)
Balance at End of Period	12,642.4		13,888.7		12,642.4		13,888.7
Treasury Stock
Balance at Beginning of Period	(342.1)		(3,530.4)		(39.3)		(3,429.8)
Repurchases of Common Stock	(202.0)		(74.8)		(504.8)		(175.4)
Balance at End of Period	(544.1)		(3,605.2)		(544.1)		(3,605.2)
Total Stockholders' Equity at End of Period	$	10,951.4	$	9,618.1	$	10,951.4	$	9,618.1

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

7

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

 

	Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net Income	$	1,430.4	$	953.2
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
Change in Receivables	566.4		455.9
Change in Deferred Acquisition Costs	(107.4)		(108.8)
Change in Insurance Liabilities	(631.0)		(169.3)
Change in Income Taxes	21.9		(26.9)
Change in Other Accrued Liabilities	(58.3)		(150.2)
Non-cash Components of Net Investment Income	(327.9)		(262.9)
Net Investment Loss	24.5		30.0
Depreciation	89.9		80.9
Amortization of the Cost of Reinsurance	31.1		33.1
Other, Net	(12.2)		24.3
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities	1,027.4		859.3
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Proceeds from Sales of Fixed Maturity Securities	356.5		1,013.5
Proceeds from Maturities of Fixed Maturity Securities	997.2		1,113.9
Proceeds from Sales and Maturities of Other Investments	234.8		275.2
Purchases of Fixed Maturity Securities	(1,550.9)		(2,439.4)
Purchases of Other Investments	(218.6)		(227.1)
Net Purchases of Short-term Investments	(307.9)		(45.2)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Payables for Collateral on Investments	189.5		(100.4)
Net Purchases of Property and Equipment	(93.7)		(89.1)
Net Cash Used by Investing Activities	(393.1)		(498.6)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Issuance of Long-term Debt	391.6		—
Repayment of Long-term Debt	(350.0)		—
Issuances of Common Stock	4.8		4.1
Repurchases of Common Stock	(500.0)		(174.2)
Dividends Paid to Stockholders	(219.3)		(205.7)
Proceeds from Policyholders' Account Deposits	100.9		109.3
Payments for Policyholders' Account Withdrawals	(65.5)		(65.2)
Cash Received Related to Active Life Volatility Cover Agreement	26.7		18.6
Other, Net	(6.1)		(0.9)
Net Cash Used by Financing Activities	(616.9)		(314.0)
Net Increase in Cash and Bank Deposits	17.4		46.7
Cash and Bank Deposits at Beginning of Year	146.0		119.2
Cash and Bank Deposits at End of Period	$	163.4	$	165.9

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

8

Table of Contents

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)    

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements of Unum Group and its subsidiaries (the Company) have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

In our opinion, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of full year performance.

Note 2 - Accounting Developments

Accounting Standards Updates (ASUs) Adopted in 2023:

ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures

The amendments in this update eliminated the troubled debt restructuring recognition and measurement guidance and instead required that an entity evaluate whether the modification represents a new loan or the continuation of an existing loan. The amendments also enhanced the disclosure requirements related to certain modifications of receivables made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. In addition, the amendments in this update required that an entity disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investment in leases.

The amendments in this update were applied prospectively in the period of adoption as of January 1, 2023. The adoption of this update modified our disclosures but did not have an impact on our financial position or results of operations.

ASU 2018-12, Financial Services—Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts and related amendments

This update significantly amended the accounting and disclosure requirements for long-duration insurance contracts. These changes included a requirement to review, and if necessary, update cash flow assumptions used to measure the liability for future policy benefits for traditional and limited-payment contracts at least annually, with changes recognized in earnings. In addition, an entity is required to update the discount rate assumption at each reporting date using a yield that is reflective of an upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument with changes recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) (OCI). These changes resulted in the elimination of the provision for risk of adverse deviation and premium deficiency (or loss recognition) testing for traditional long-duration insurance contracts. The update also required that an entity measure all market risk benefits associated with deposit contracts at fair value, with changes recognized in earnings except for the portion attributable to a change in the instrument-specific credit risk, which is to be recognized in OCI. This update also simplified the amortization of deferred acquisition costs by requiring amortization on a constant level basis over the expected term of the related contracts. Deferred acquisition costs are required to be written off for unexpected contract terminations, but are no longer subject to an impairment test. Significant additional disclosures are required, which include disaggregated rollforwards of certain liability balances and the disclosure of qualitative and quantitative information about expected cash flows, estimates, and assumptions. We do not have products with market risk benefits.

We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2023 using the modified retrospective approach with changes applied as of January 1, 2021, also referred to as the transition date. All historically reported information included in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying footnotes were adjusted as of the transition date to reflect the modified retrospective adoption of ASU 2018-12.

9

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 2 - Accounting Developments - Continued

Accounting Updates Outstanding:

ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting and related amendments

The amendments in this update provide optional guidance, for a limited period of time, to ease the potential burden in accounting for and recognizing the effects of reference rate reform on financial reporting. The guidance allows for various practical expedients and exceptions when applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected either by discontinued rates as a direct result of reference rate reform or a market-wide change in interest rates used for discounting, margining or contract price alignment, if certain criteria are met. Specifically, the guidance provides certain practical expedients for contract modifications, fair value hedges, and cash flow hedges, and also provides certain exceptions related to changes in the critical terms of a hedging relationship. The guidance also allows for a one-time election to sell or transfer debt securities that were both classified as held-to-maturity prior to January 1, 2020 and reference a rate affected by the reform.

The adoption of this update is permitted as of the beginning of the interim period that includes March 12, 2020 (the issuance date of the update), or any date thereafter, through December 31, 2024, at which point the guidance will sunset. We have elected practical expedients for contracts impacted by reference rate reform which did not result in a material impact on our financial position or results of operations. We will continue to monitor our contracts and hedging relationships throughout the adoption period.

ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures

The amendments in this update enhance disclosures of significant expenses for reportable segments. Specifically, the update adds a requirement to disclose significant expenses that are regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) and are included in each reported measure of segment profit or loss. This update will require the disclosure of the title and position of the CODM as well as an explanation of how they use the reported measure(s) to assess segment performance and make decisions about allocating resources. The update also requires the disclosure of the amount and composition of other segment items, which is the difference between reported segment revenues less the significant segment expenses. The amendments in this update allow for the disclosure of more than one measure of segment profit or loss, provided that at least one of the reported measures includes the segment profit or loss measure that is most consistent with GAAP measurement principles.

We will adopt this update effective for the annual period ended December 31, 2024 and for the interim period beginning January 1, 2025 using a retrospective approach. The adoption of this update will not have an impact on our financial position or results of operations, but will expand our disclosures effective for the annual period ended December 31, 2024 and subsequent interim periods.

ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures

The amendments in this update require greater disaggregation of income tax disclosures related to the income tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. Specifically, the guidance requires additional information that meet a quantitative threshold in specified categories with respect to the reconciliation of the effective tax rate to the statutory tax rate for federal, state, and foreign income taxes. The specified categories are the following: state and local income taxes, foreign tax effects, effect of cross-border tax laws, enactment of new tax laws, nontaxable or nondeductible items, tax credits, changes in valuation allowances, and changes in unrecognized tax benefits. The quantitative threshold for each category is five percent of the amount computed by multiplying income (or loss) from continuing operations before income taxes by the statutory federal income tax rate. In addition, the amendments require additional information pertaining to income taxes paid, net of refunds, to be disaggregated by federal, state and foreign jurisdictions, and further disaggregated for specific jurisdictions to the extent the related amounts exceed a quantitative threshold of five percent of total income taxes paid. The amendments also require disclosures of income (or loss) before income tax expense (or benefit) as domestic or foreign for each annual reporting period.

The amendments eliminate the historic requirement to disclose information regarding unrecognized tax benefits having a reasonable possibility of significantly increasing or decreasing in the twelve months following the reporting date, as well as the

10

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 2 - Accounting Developments - Continued

requirement to disclose the cumulative temporary differences when a deferred tax liability is not recognized due to certain exceptions under ASC 740.

We will adopt this update effective for the annual period beginning January 1, 2025. The adoption of this update is permitted on a prospective basis or a retrospective basis. The adoption of this update will not have an impact on our financial position or results of operations, but will expand our disclosures effective for the annual period beginning January 1, 2025.

Note 3 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value Measurements for Financial Instruments Carried at Fair Value

We report fixed maturity securities, which are classified as available-for-sale securities, derivative financial instruments, and unrestricted equity securities at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets. We report our investments in private equity partnerships at our share of the partnerships' net asset value per share or its equivalent (NAV) as a practical expedient for fair value.

The degree of judgment utilized in measuring the fair value of financial instruments generally correlates to the level of pricing observability. Financial instruments with readily available active quoted prices or for which fair value can be measured from actively quoted prices in active markets generally have more pricing observability and less judgment utilized in measuring fair value. An active market for a financial instrument is a market in which transactions for an asset or a similar asset occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. A quoted price in an active market provides the most reliable evidence of fair value and should be used to measure fair value whenever available. Conversely, financial instruments rarely traded or not quoted have less observability and are measured at fair value using valuation techniques that require more judgment. Pricing observability is generally impacted by a number of factors, including the type of financial instrument, whether the financial instrument is new to the market and not yet established, the characteristics specific to the transaction, and overall market conditions.

We classify financial instruments in accordance with a fair value hierarchy consisting of three levels based on the observability of valuation inputs:

•Level 1 - the highest category of the fair value hierarchy classification wherein inputs are unadjusted and represent quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.

•Level 2 - valued using inputs (other than prices included in Level 1) that are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability through correlation with market data at the measurement date and for the duration of the instrument's anticipated life.

•Level 3 - the lowest category of the fair value hierarchy and reflects the judgment of management regarding what market participants would use in pricing assets or liabilities at the measurement date. Financial assets and liabilities categorized as Level 3 are generally those that are valued using unobservable inputs to extrapolate an estimated fair value.

Valuation Methodologies of Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value

Valuation techniques used for assets and liabilities accounted for at fair value are generally categorized into three types. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach converts future amounts, such as cash flows or earnings, to a single present amount, or a discounted amount. The cost approach is based upon the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset, or the current replacement cost.

We use valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available that can be obtained without undue cost and effort. In some cases, a single valuation technique will be appropriate (for example, when valuing an asset or liability using quoted prices in an active market for identical assets or liabilities). In other cases, multiple valuation techniques will be appropriate. If we use multiple valuation techniques to measure fair value, we evaluate and weigh

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the results, as appropriate, considering the reasonableness of the range indicated by those results. A fair value measurement is the point within that range that is most representative of fair value in the circumstances.

The selection of the valuation method(s) to apply considers the definition of an exit price and depends on the nature of the asset or liability being valued. For assets and liabilities accounted for at fair value, we generally use valuation techniques consistent with the market approach, and to a lesser extent, the income approach. We believe the market approach provides more observable data than the income approach, considering the type of investments we hold. Our fair value measurements could differ significantly based on the valuation technique and available inputs. When using a pricing service, we obtain the vendor's pricing documentation to ensure we understand their methodologies. We periodically review and approve the selection of our pricing vendors to ensure we are in agreement with their current methodologies. When markets are less active, brokers may rely more on models with inputs based on the information available only to the broker. Our internal investment management professionals, which include portfolio managers and analysts, monitor securities priced by brokers and evaluate their prices for reasonableness based on benchmarking to available primary and secondary market information. In weighing a broker quote as an input to fair value, we place less reliance on quotes that do not reflect the result of market transactions. We also consider the nature of the quote, particularly whether it is a bid or market quote. If prices in an inactive market do not reflect current prices for the same or similar assets, adjustments may be necessary to arrive at fair value. When relevant market data is unavailable, which may be the case during periods of market uncertainty, the income approach can, in suitable circumstances, provide a more appropriate fair value. During 2024, we have applied valuation approaches and techniques on a consistent basis to similar assets and liabilities and consistent with those approaches and techniques used at year end 2023.

Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities

We use observable and unobservable inputs in measuring the fair value of our fixed maturity and equity securities. For securities categorized as Level 1, fair values equal active Trade Reporting and Compliance Engine (TRACE) pricing or unadjusted market maker prices. For securities categorized as Level 2 or Level 3, inputs that may be used in valuing each class of securities at any given time period are disclosed below. Actual inputs used to determine fair values will vary for each reporting period depending on the availability of inputs which may, at times, be affected by the lack of market liquidity.

		Level 2	Level 3
Instrument		Observable Inputs	Unobservable Inputs
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities
	Valuation Method	Principally the market approach	Not applicable
	Valuation Techniques / Inputs	Prices obtained from external pricing services

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		Level 2	Level 3
Instrument		Observable Inputs	Unobservable Inputs
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions
	Valuation Method	Principally the market approach	Principally the market approach
	Valuation Techniques / Inputs	Prices obtained from external pricing services	Analysis of similar bonds, adjusted for comparability
		Relevant reports issued by analysts and rating agencies
		Audited financial statements
Foreign Governments
	Valuation Method	Principally the market approach	Principally the market approach
	Valuation Techniques / Inputs	Prices obtained from external pricing services	Analysis of similar bonds, adjusted for comparability
		Non-binding broker quotes
		Call provisions
Public Utilities
	Valuation Method	Principally the market and income approaches	Principally the market and income approaches
	Valuation Techniques / Inputs	Prices obtained from external pricing services	Change in benchmark reference
		Non-binding broker quotes	Analysis of similar bonds, adjusted for comparability
		Benchmark yields	Discount for size - illiquidity
		Transactional data for new issuances and secondary trades	Volatility of credit
		Security cash flows and structures	Lack of marketability
		Recent issuance / supply
		Audited financial statements
		Security and issuer level spreads
		Security creditor ratings/maturity/capital structure/optionality
		Public covenants
		Comparative bond analysis
		Relevant reports issued by analysts and rating agencies

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Note 3 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Continued

		Level 2	Level 3
Instrument		Observable Inputs	Unobservable Inputs
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities
	Valuation Method	Principally the market and income approaches	Principally the market approach
	Valuation Techniques / Inputs	Prices obtained from external pricing services	Analysis of similar bonds, adjusted for comparability
		Non-binding broker quotes	Prices obtained from external pricing services
		Security cash flows and structures
		Underlying collateral
		Prepayment speeds/loan performance/delinquencies
		Relevant reports issued by analysts and rating agencies
		Audited financial statements
All Other Corporate Bonds
	Valuation Method	Principally the market and income approaches	Principally the market and income approaches
	Valuation Techniques / Inputs	Prices obtained from external pricing services	Change in benchmark reference
		Non-binding broker quotes	Discount for size - illiquidity
		Benchmark yields	Volatility of credit
		Transactional data for new issuances and secondary trades	Lack of marketability
		Security cash flows and structures	Prices obtained from external pricing services
		Recent issuance / supply
		Security and issuer level spreads
		Security creditor ratings/maturity/capital structure/optionality
		Public covenants
		Comparative bond analysis
		Relevant reports issued by analysts and rating agencies
		Audited financial statements

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		Level 2	Level 3
Instrument		Observable Inputs	Unobservable Inputs
Redeemable Preferred Stocks
	Valuation Method	Principally the market approach	Principally the market approach
	Valuation Techniques / Inputs	Non-binding broker quotes	Financial statement analysis
		Benchmark yields
		Comparative bond analysis
		Call provisions
		Relevant reports issued by analysts and rating agencies
		Audited financial statements
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities
	Valuation Method	Principally the market approach	Principally the market and income approaches
	Valuation Techniques / Inputs	Prices obtained from external pricing services	Financial statement analysis
		Non-binding broker quotes

The management of our investment portfolio includes establishing pricing policy and reviewing the reasonableness of sources and inputs used in developing pricing. We review all prices that vary between multiple pricing vendors by a threshold that is outside a normal market range for the asset type.  In the event we receive a vendor's market price that does not appear reasonable based on our market analysis, we may challenge the price and request further information about the assumptions and methodologies used by the vendor to price the security. We may change the selected price based on a better data source such as an actual trade. We also review all prices that did not change from the prior month to ensure that these prices are within our expectations. The overall valuation process for determining fair values may include adjustments to valuations obtained from our pricing sources when they do not represent a valid exit price. These adjustments may be made when, in our judgment and considering our knowledge of the financial conditions and industry in which the issuer operates, certain features of the financial instrument require that an adjustment be made to the value originally obtained from our pricing sources. These features may include the complexity of the financial instrument, the market in which the financial instrument is traded, counterparty credit risk, credit structure, concentration, or liquidity. Additionally, an adjustment to the price derived from a model typically reflects our judgment of the inputs that other participants in the market for the financial instrument being measured at fair value would consider in pricing that same financial instrument. In the event an asset is sold, we test the validity of the fair value determined by our valuation techniques by comparing the selling price to the fair value determined for the asset in the immediately preceding month end reporting period.

Certain of our investments do not have readily determinable market prices and/or observable inputs or may at times be affected by the lack of market liquidity. For these securities, we use internally prepared valuations, including valuations based on estimates of future profitability, to estimate the fair value. Additionally, we may obtain prices from independent third-party brokers to aid in establishing valuations for certain of these securities. Key assumptions used by us to determine fair value for these securities include risk free interest rates, risk premiums, performance of underlying collateral (if any), and other factors involving significant assumptions which may or may not reflect those of an active market.

The parameters and inputs used to validate a price on a security may be adjusted for assumptions about risk and current market conditions on a quarter to quarter basis, as certain features may be more significant drivers of valuation at the time of pricing. Changes to inputs in valuations are not changes to valuation methodologies; rather, the inputs are modified to reflect direct or indirect impacts on asset classes from changes in market conditions.

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September 30, 2024

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At September 30, 2024, approximately 21.1 percent of our fixed maturity securities were valued using active trades from TRACE pricing or broker market maker prices for which there was current market activity in that specific security (comparable to receiving one binding quote).  The prices obtained were not adjusted, and the assets were classified as Level 1.

The remaining 78.9 percent of our fixed maturity securities were valued based on non-binding quotes or other observable and unobservable inputs, as discussed below:

•62.8 percent of our fixed maturity securities were valued based on prices from pricing services that generally use observable inputs such as prices for securities or comparable securities in active markets in their valuation techniques. These assets were classified as Level 2. 

•15.6 percent of our fixed maturity securities were valued based on one or more non-binding broker quotes, if validated by observable market data. When only one price is available, it is used if observable inputs and analysis confirms that it is appropriate. These assets, for which we were able to validate the price using other observable market data, were classified as Level 2.

•0.5 percent of our fixed maturity securities were valued based on prices of comparable securities, internal models, or pricing services or other non-binding quotes with no other observable market data. These assets were classified as either Level 2 or Level 3, with the categorization dependent on whether there was other observable market data.

Derivatives

Fair values for derivatives other than embedded derivatives in modified coinsurance arrangements are based on market quotes or pricing models and represent the net amount of cash we would have paid or received if the contracts had been settled or closed as of the last day of the period. Credit risk related to the counterparty and the Company is considered in determining the fair values of these derivatives. However, since we have collateralization agreements in place with each counterparty which limits our exposure, any credit risk is immaterial. Therefore, we determined that no adjustments for credit risk were required as of September 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023.

Fair values for our embedded derivative in a modified coinsurance arrangement are estimated using internal pricing models and represent the hypothetical value of the duration mismatch of assets and liabilities, interest rate risk, and third party credit risk embedded in the modified coinsurance arrangement.

We consider transactions in inactive markets to be less representative of fair value. We use all available observable inputs when measuring fair value, but when significant unobservable inputs are used, we classify these assets or liabilities as Level 3.

Private Equity Partnerships

Our private equity partnerships represent funds that are primarily invested in private credit, private equity, and real assets, as described below. Distributions received from the funds arise from income generated by the underlying investments as well as the liquidation of the underlying investments. There is generally not a public market for these investments.

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September 30, 2024

Note 3 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Continued

The following tables present additional information about our private equity partnerships, including commitments for additional investments which may or may not be funded:

		September 30, 2024
Investment Category		Fair Value		Redemption Term / Redemption Notice	Unfunded Commitments
		(in millions of dollars)			(in millions of dollars)
Private Credit	(a)	$	246.3	Not redeemable	$	126.1
		50.7		Quarterly / 90 days notice	6.2
Total Private Credit		297.0			132.3
Private Equity	(b)	574.8		Not redeemable	417.2
		33.3		Initial 5.5 year lock on each new investment / Quarterly after 5.5 year lock with 90 days notice	13.2
Total Private Equity		608.1			430.4
Real Assets	(c)	488.8		Not redeemable	242.9
		34.1		Quarterly / 90 days notice	—
Total Real Assets		522.9			242.9
Total Partnerships		$	1,428.0		$	805.6

		December 31, 2023
Investment Category		Fair Value		Redemption Term / Redemption Notice	Unfunded Commitments
		(in millions of dollars)			(in millions of dollars)
Private Credit	(a)	$	239.1	Not redeemable	$	128.2
		44.5		Quarterly / 90 days notice	8.6
Total Private Credit		283.6			136.8
Private Equity	(b)	543.9		Not redeemable	410.6
		28.0		Initial 5.5 year lock on each new investment / Quarterly after 5.5 year lock with 90 days notice	16.6
Total Private Equity		571.9			427.2
Real Assets	(c)	437.5		Not redeemable	239.1
		33.2		Quarterly / 90 days notice	—
Total Real Assets		470.7			239.1
Total Partnerships		$	1,326.2		$	803.1

(a)Private Credit - The limited partnerships described in this category employ various investment strategies, generally providing direct lending or other forms of debt financing including first-lien, second-lien, mezzanine, and subordinated loans. The limited partnerships have credit exposure to corporates, physical assets, and/or financial assets within a variety of industries (including manufacturing, healthcare, energy, business services, technology, materials, and retail) in North

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September 30, 2024

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America and, to a lesser extent, outside of North America.  As of September 30, 2024, the estimated remaining life of the investments that do not allow for redemptions is approximately 80 percent in the next 3 years, 12 percent during the period from 3 to 5 years, and 8 percent during the period from 5 to 10 years.

(b)Private Equity - The limited partnerships described in this category employ various strategies generally investing in controlling or minority control equity positions directly in companies and/or assets across various industries (including manufacturing, healthcare, energy, business services, technology, materials, and retail), primarily in private markets within North America and, to a lesser extent, outside of North America.  As of September 30, 2024, the estimated remaining life of the investments that do not allow for redemptions is approximately 36 percent in the next 3 years, 31 percent during the period from 3 to 5 years, and 33 percent during the period from 5 to 10 years.

(c)Real Assets - The limited partnerships described in this category employ various strategies, which include investing in the equity and/or debt financing of physical assets, including infrastructure (energy, power, water/wastewater, communications), transportation (including airports, ports, toll roads, aircraft, railcars) and real estate in North America, Europe, South America, and Asia.  As of September 30, 2024, the estimated remaining life of the investments that do not allow for redemptions is approximately 38 percent in the next 3 years, 26 percent during period from 3 to 5 years, 34 percent during the period from 5 to 10 years, and 2 percent during the period from 10 to 15 years.

We record changes in our share of net asset value of the partnerships in net investment income. We receive financial information related to our investments in partnerships and generally record investment income on a one-quarter lag in accordance with our accounting policy. Our partnerships are subject to transfer restrictions which extend over the life of the investment. There are no circumstances in which the transfer restrictions would lapse.

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September 30, 2024

Note 3 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Continued

The following tables present information about financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis by fair value level, based on the observability of the inputs used:

	September 30, 2024
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		NAV		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Fixed Maturity Securities
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities	$	—	$	557.4	$	—	$	—	$	557.4
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions	—		3,526.5		—		—		3,526.5
Foreign Governments	—		850.1		—		—		850.1
Public Utilities	602.7		4,982.5		—		—		5,585.2
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	—		799.6		51.0		—		850.6
All Other Corporate Bonds	7,362.2		19,015.8		28.0		—		26,406.0
Redeemable Preferred Stocks	—		7.7		—		—		7.7
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	7,964.9		29,739.6		79.0		—		37,783.5
Other Long-term Investments
Derivatives
Forwards	—		49.5		—		—		49.5
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	—		56.0		—		—		56.0
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	—		—		4.6		—		4.6
Total Derivatives	—		105.5		4.6		—		110.1
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities	—		0.1		21.7		—		21.8
Private Equity Partnerships	—		—		—		1,428.0		1,428.0
Total Other Long-term Investments	—		105.6		26.3		1,428.0		1,559.9
Total Financial Instrument Assets Carried at Fair Value	$	7,964.9	$	29,845.2	$	105.3	$	1,428.0	$	39,343.4
Liabilities
Other Liabilities
Derivatives
Forwards	$	—	$	95.2	$	—	$	—	$	95.2
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	—		35.0		—		—		35.0
Total Derivatives	—		130.2		—		—		130.2
Total Financial Instrument Liabilities Carried at Fair Value	$	—	$	130.2	$	—	$	—	$	130.2

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September 30, 2024

Note 3 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Continued

	December 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		NAV		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Fixed Maturity Securities
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities	$	—	$	624.8	$	—	$	—	$	624.8
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions	—		3,678.4		—		—		3,678.4
Foreign Governments	—		890.7		—		—		890.7
Public Utilities	301.3		5,020.3		—		—		5,321.6
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	—		611.2		32.9		—		644.1
All Other Corporate Bonds	3,985.2		21,562.1		123.4		—		25,670.7
Redeemable Preferred Stocks	—		3.6		—		—		3.6
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	4,286.5		32,391.1		156.3		—		36,833.9
Other Long-term Investments
Derivatives
Forwards	—		47.5		—		—		47.5
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	—		52.4		—		—		52.4
Total Derivatives	—		99.9		—		—		99.9
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities	—		10.3		21.6		—		31.9
Private Equity Partnerships	—		—		—		1,326.2		1,326.2
Total Other Long-term Investments	—		110.2		21.6		1,326.2		1,458.0
Total Financial Instrument Assets Carried at Fair Value	$	4,286.5	$	32,501.3	$	177.9	$	1,326.2	$	38,291.9
Liabilities
Other Liabilities
Derivatives
Forwards	$	—	$	78.0	$	—	$	—	$	78.0
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	—		38.2		—		—		38.2
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	—		—		1.5		—		1.5
Total Derivatives	—		116.2		1.5		—		117.7
Total Financial Instrument Liabilities Carried at Fair Value	$	—	$	116.2	$	1.5	$	—	$	117.7

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September 30, 2024

Note 3 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Continued

Changes in assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) are as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Fair Value Beginning of Period		Total Realized and Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses) in								Level 3 Transfers				Fair Value End of Period		Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities Held at the End of Period included in
			Earnings		OCI		Purchases		Sales/Maturities		Into		Out of				OCI		Earnings
	(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
Public Utilities	$	—	$	(0.2)	$	0.7	$	—	$	(10.3)	$	9.8	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	46.5		—		0.2		4.9		(0.7)		0.1		—		51.0		0.2		—
All Other Corporate Bonds	53.3		—		2.0		—		(42.2)		39.1		(24.2)		28.0		2.0		—
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	99.8		(0.2)		2.9		4.9		(53.2)		49.0		(24.2)		79.0		2.2		—
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities	21.7		—		—		—		—		—		—		21.7		—		—
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	5.4		(0.8)		—		—		—		—		—		4.6		—		(0.8)

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September 30, 2024

Note 3 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Continued

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Fair Value Beginning of Period		Total Realized and Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses) in								Level 3 Transfers				Fair Value End of Period		Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities Held at the End of Period included in
			Earnings		OCI		Purchases		Sales/Maturities		Into		Out of				OCI		Earnings
	(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
Public Utilities	$	—	$	(0.1)	$	0.1	$	—	$	(3.9)	$	3.9	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	24.1		—		(1.4)		19.0		(1.0)		4.7		(0.2)		45.2		(1.4)		—
All Other Corporate Bonds	128.8		(4.6)		2.0		—		(54.9)		87.5		(50.5)		108.3		2.0		—
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	152.9		(4.7)		0.7		19.0		(59.8)		96.1		(50.7)		153.5		0.6		—
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities	17.5		—		—		—		—		—		—		17.5		—		—
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	(8.4)		9.3		—		—		—		—		—		0.9		—		9.3

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September 30, 2024

Note 3 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Continued

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Fair Value Beginning of Year		Total Realized and Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses) in								Level 3 Transfers				Fair Value End of Period		Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities Held at the End of Period included in
			Earnings		OCI		Purchases		Sales/Maturities		Into		Out of				OCI		Earnings
	(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
Public Utilities	$	—	$	(0.2)	$	0.3	$	—	$	(10.3)	$	10.2	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	32.9		—		0.6		15.5		(1.9)		3.9		—		51.0		0.6		—
All Other Corporate Bonds	123.4		(2.6)		6.9		2.3		(196.4)		189.0		(94.6)		28.0		6.9		(2.6)
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	156.3		(2.8)		7.8		17.8		(208.6)		203.1		(94.6)		79.0		7.5		(2.6)
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities	21.6		0.1		—		—		—		—		—		21.7		—		0.1
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	(1.5)		6.1		—		—		—		—		—		4.6		—		6.1

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September 30, 2024

Note 3 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Continued

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Fair Value Beginning of Year		Total Realized and Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses) in								Level 3 Transfers				Fair Value End of Period		Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities Held at the End of Period included in
			Earnings		OCI		Purchases		Sales/Maturities		Into		Out of				OCI		Earnings
	(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions	$	0.2	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(0.2)	$	—	$	—	$	—
Public Utilities	—		0.1		(0.1)		—		(7.2)		7.2		—		—		—		—
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	22.0		—		(1.5)		29.9		(2.8)		6.6		(9.0)		45.2		(1.5)		—
All Other Corporate Bonds	158.7		(5.1)		(20.6)		1.5		(229.8)		276.0		(72.4)		108.3		(20.6)		—
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	180.9		(5.0)		(22.2)		31.4		(239.8)		289.8		(81.6)		153.5		(22.1)		—
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities	16.2		0.6		—		0.7		—		—		—		17.5		—		0.6
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	(13.9)		14.8		—		—		—		—		—		0.9		—		14.8

Realized and unrealized investment gains and losses presented in the preceding tables represent gains and losses only for the time during which the applicable financial instruments were classified as Level 3. The transfers between levels resulted primarily from a change in observability of three inputs used to determine fair values of the securities transferred: (1) transactional data for new issuance and secondary trades, (2) broker/dealer quotes and pricing, primarily related to changes in the level of activity in the market and whether the market was considered orderly, and (3) comparable bond metrics from which to perform an analysis. For fair value measurements of financial instruments that were transferred either into or out of Level 3, we reflect the transfers using the fair value at the beginning of the period. We believe this allows for greater transparency, as all changes in fair value that arise during the reporting period of the transfer are disclosed as a component of our Level 3 reconciliation.

24

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 3 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Continued

The table below provides quantitative information regarding the significant unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements derived from internal models. Unobservable inputs for fixed maturity securities are weighted by the fair value of the securities. Certain securities classified as Level 3 are excluded from the table below due to limitations in our ability to obtain the underlying inputs used by external pricing sources.

	September 30, 2024
	Fair Value		Valuation Method	Unobservable Input		Range/Weighted Average
	(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
All Other Corporate Bonds - Private	$	16.3	Market Approach	Volatility of Credit Market Convention	(a) (b)	5.00% - 5.00% / 5.00% Priced at Par Value
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities	21.7		Market Approach	Market Convention	(b)	Priced at Cost, Owner's Equity, or Most Recent Round
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	4.6		Discounted Cash Flows	Projected Liability Cash Flows Weighted Spread of Swap Curve	(c)	Actuarial Assumptions (0.031)%

	December 31, 2023
	Fair Value		Valuation Method	Unobservable Input		Range/Weighted Average
	(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
All Other Corporate Bonds - Private	$	15.9	Market Approach	Volatility of Credit Market Convention	(a) (b)	5.00% - 5.00% / 5.00% Priced at Par Value
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities	21.6		Market Approach	Market Convention	(b)	Priced at Cost, Owner's Equity, or Most Recent Round
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	(1.5)		Discounted Cash Flows	Projected Liability Cash Flows Weighted Spread of Swap Curve	(c)	Actuarial Assumptions 0.2%

(a)Represents basis point adjustments for credit-specific factors

(b)Represents a decision to price based on par value, cost, owner's equity, or the price of the most recent capital funding round when limited data is available

(c)Represents various actuarial assumptions required to derive the liability cash flows. Fair value of embedded derivative is most often driven by the change in the weighted average credit spread to the swap curve for the assets backing the hypothetical loan

Other than market convention, the impact of isolated decreases in unobservable inputs will result in a higher estimated fair value, whereas isolated increases in unobservable inputs will result in a lower estimated fair value. The unobservable input for market convention is not sensitive to input movements. The projected liability cash flows used in the fair value measurement of our Level 3 embedded derivative are based on expected claim payments. If claim payments increase, the projected liability cash flows will increase, resulting in a decrease in the fair value of the embedded derivative. Decreases in projected liability cash flows will result in an increase in the fair value of the embedded derivative.

25

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 3 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Continued

Fair Value Measurements for Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value

The methods and assumptions used to estimate fair values of financial instruments not carried at fair value are discussed as follows:

Mortgage Loans: Fair value of newly originated, seasoned performing, or sub-performing but likely to continue cash flowing loans are calculated using a discounted cash flow analysis. Loans’ cash flows are modeled and appropriately discounted by a rate based on current yields and credit spreads. For sub and non-performing loans where there is some probability the loan will not continue to pay, a price based approach would be used to estimate the loan’s value in the open market utilizing current transaction information from similar loans.

Policy Loans: Fair values for policy loans, net of reinsurance ceded, are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses and interest rates currently being offered to policyholders with similar policies. Carrying amounts for ceded policy loans, which equal $3,320.4 million and $3,322.5 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, approximate fair value and are reported on a gross basis in our consolidated balance sheets. A change in interest rates for ceded policy loans will not impact our financial position because the benefits and risks are fully ceded to reinsuring counterparties.

Miscellaneous Long-term Investments: Carrying amounts for tax credit partnerships equal the unamortized balance of our contractual commitments and approximate fair value. Our shares of Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) common stock are carried at cost, which approximates fair value.

Long-term Debt: Fair values for long-term debt are obtained from independent pricing services or discounted cash flow analyses based on current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements.

FHLB Funding Agreements: Funding agreements with the FHLB represent cash advances used for the purpose of investing in fixed maturity securities. Carrying amounts approximate fair value.

Unfunded Commitments to Investment Partnerships: Unfunded equity commitments represent amounts that we have committed to fund investment partnerships. These commitments are legally binding, subject to the partnerships meeting specified conditions. Carrying amounts of these financial instruments approximate fair value.

26

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 3 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Continued

The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of our financial instruments not measured at fair value and indicates the level in the fair value hierarchy of the estimated fair value measurement based on the observability of the inputs used:

	September 30, 2024
	Estimated Fair Value
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Carrying Value
	(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Mortgage Loans	$	—	$	2,041.8	$	—	$	2,041.8	$	2,238.9
Policy Loans	—		—		3,708.6		3,708.6		3,625.6
Other Long-term Investments
Miscellaneous Long-term Investments	—		25.6		0.3		25.9		25.9
Total Financial Instrument Assets Not Carried at Fair Value	$	—	$	2,067.4	$	3,708.9	$	5,776.3	$	5,890.4
Liabilities
Long-term Debt	$	3,347.8	$	44.5	$	—	$	3,392.3	$	3,470.4
Other Liabilities
Unfunded Commitments	—		0.2		—		0.2		0.2
Payable for Collateral on FHLB Funding Agreements	—		299.0		—		299.0		299.0
Total Financial Instrument Liabilities Not Carried at Fair Value	$	3,347.8	$	343.7	$	—	$	3,691.5	$	3,769.6

27

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 3 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Continued

	December 31, 2023
	Estimated Fair Value
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Carrying Value
	(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Mortgage Loans	$	—	$	2,070.7	$	—	$	2,070.7	$	2,318.2
Policy Loans	—		—		3,696.3		3,696.3		3,620.2
Other Long-term Investments
Miscellaneous Long-term Investments	—		15.7		0.3		16.0		16.0
Total Financial Instrument Assets Not Carried at Fair Value	$	—	$	2,086.4	$	3,696.6	$	5,783.0	$	5,954.4
Liabilities
Long-term Debt	$	2,629.1	$	598.8	$	—	$	3,227.9	$	3,430.4
Other Liabilities
Unfunded Commitments	—		0.2		—		0.2		0.2
Payable for Collateral on FHLB Funding Agreements	—		64.5		—		64.5		64.5
Total Financial Instrument Liabilities Not Carried at Fair Value	$	2,629.1	$	663.5	$	—	$	3,292.6	$	3,495.1

The carrying values of financial instruments such as short-term investments, cash and bank deposits, accounts and premiums receivable, accrued investment income, securities lending agreements, and short-term debt approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of the instruments. As such, these financial instruments are not included in the above chart.

Fair values for insurance contracts other than investment contracts are not required to be disclosed. However, the fair values of liabilities under all insurance contracts are taken into consideration in our overall management of interest rate risk, which seeks to minimize exposure to changing interest rates through the matching of investment maturities with amounts due under insurance contracts.

28

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 4 - Investments

Fixed Maturity Securities

At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, all fixed maturity securities were classified as available-for-sale. The amortized cost and fair values of securities by security type are shown as follows:

	September 30, 2024
	Amortized Cost, Gross of ACL1		ACL1		Gross Unrealized Gain		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value
	(in millions of dollars)
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities	$	542.5	$	—	$	28.8	$	13.9	$	557.4
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions	3,843.4		—		118.7		435.6		3,526.5
Foreign Governments	964.8		—		22.4		137.1		850.1
Public Utilities	5,561.8		—		272.3		248.9		5,585.2
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	853.8		—		13.2		16.4		850.6
All Other Corporate Bonds	27,048.3		2.9		882.8		1,522.2		26,406.0
Redeemable Preferred Stocks	8.0		—		—		0.3		7.7
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	$	38,822.6	$	2.9	$	1,338.2	$	2,374.4	$	37,783.5

	December 31, 2023
	Amortized Cost, Gross of ACL1		ACL1		Gross Unrealized Gain		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value
	(in millions of dollars)
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities	$	618.6	$	—	$	25.3	$	19.1	$	624.8
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions	4,041.3		—		135.3		498.2		3,678.4
Foreign Governments	982.1		—		29.8		121.2		890.7
Public Utilities	5,398.2		—		217.1		293.7		5,321.6
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	658.0		—		10.1		24.0		644.1
All Other Corporate Bonds	26,708.4		2.2		771.8		1,807.3		25,670.7
Redeemable Preferred Stocks	4.0		—		—		0.4		3.6
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	$	38,410.6	$	2.2	$	1,189.4	$	2,763.9	$	36,833.9

1 Allowance for Credit Losses

29

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 4 - Investments - Continued

The following charts indicate the length of time our fixed maturity securities have been in a gross unrealized loss position.

	September 30, 2024
	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or Greater
	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss
	(in millions of dollars)
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities	$	27.4	$	0.3	$	211.4	$	13.6
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions	145.0		2.5		2,061.0		433.1
Foreign Governments	50.5		1.7		320.5		135.4
Public Utilities	243.6		7.4		1,651.5		241.5
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	81.3		0.2		304.3		16.2
All Other Corporate Bonds	1,013.2		9.6		13,185.8		1,512.6
Redeemable Preferred Stocks	—		—		3.7		0.3
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	$	1,561.0	$	21.7	$	17,738.2	$	2,352.7

	December 31, 2023
	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or Greater
	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss
	(in millions of dollars)
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities	$	118.8	$	0.7	$	197.3	$	18.4
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions	128.0		4.0		2,035.1		494.2
Foreign Governments	149.9		3.3		312.9		117.9
Public Utilities	373.7		10.4		1,720.6		283.3
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	60.3		2.5		316.7		21.5
All Other Corporate Bonds	1,483.8		26.8		14,215.2		1,780.5
Redeemable Preferred Stocks	—		—		3.6		0.4
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	$	2,314.5	$	47.7	$	18,801.4	$	2,716.2

30

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 4 - Investments - Continued

The following is a distribution of the maturity dates for fixed maturity securities. The maturity dates have not been adjusted for possible calls or prepayments.

	September 30, 2024
	Amortized Cost, Net of ACL1		Unrealized Gain Position				Unrealized Loss Position
			Gross Gain		Fair Value		Gross Loss		Fair Value
	(in millions of dollars)
1 year or less	$	1,289.6	$	2.6	$	342.0	$	5.5	$	944.7
Over 1 year through 5 years	8,125.2		180.7		3,864.2		126.9		4,314.8
Over 5 years through 10 years	8,550.0		387.0		4,462.2		442.7		4,032.1
Over 10 years	20,001.1		754.7		9,350.9		1,782.9		9,622.0
	37,965.9		1,325.0		18,019.3		2,358.0		18,913.6
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	853.8		13.2		465.0		16.4		385.6
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	$	38,819.7	$	1,338.2	$	18,484.3	$	2,374.4	$	19,299.2

	December 31, 2023
	Amortized Cost, Net of ACL1		Unrealized Gain Position				Unrealized Loss Position
			Gross Gain		Fair Value		Gross Loss		Fair Value
	(in millions of dollars)
1 year or less	$	935.0	$	0.9	$	140.8	$	7.5	$	787.6
Over 1 year through 5 years	7,594.4		128.2		2,685.7		179.0		4,857.9
Over 5 years through 10 years	9,430.3		372.1		4,100.0		610.8		5,091.6
Over 10 years	19,790.7		678.1		8,524.4		1,942.6		10,001.8
	37,750.4		1,179.3		15,450.9		2,739.9		20,738.9
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	658.0		10.1		267.1		24.0		377.0
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	$	38,408.4	$	1,189.4	$	15,718.0	$	2,763.9	$	21,115.9

1 Allowance for Credit Losses

The following chart depicts an analysis of our fixed maturity security portfolio between investment-grade and below-investment-grade categories as of September 30, 2024:

					Gross Unrealized Loss
	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Gain		Amount		Percent of Total Gross Unrealized Loss
	(in millions of dollars)
Investment-Grade	$	36,287.2	$	1,308.2	$	2,308.8	97.2	%
Below-Investment-Grade	1,496.3		30.0		65.6		2.8
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	$	37,783.5	$	1,338.2	$	2,374.4	100.0	%

The unrealized losses on investment-grade fixed maturity securities principally relate to changes in interest rates or changes in market or sector credit spreads which occurred subsequent to the acquisition of the securities. Below-investment-grade fixed maturity securities are generally more likely to develop credit concerns than investment-grade securities. At September 30, 2024, the unrealized losses in our below-investment-grade fixed maturity securities were generally due to credit spreads in certain industries or sectors and, to a lesser extent, credit concerns related to specific securities. For each specific security in an unrealized loss position, we believe that there are positive factors which mitigate credit concerns and that the securities for which we have not recorded a credit loss will recover in value. We have the ability and intent to continue to hold these securities to recovery of amortized cost less allowance for credit losses.

31

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 4 - Investments - Continued

As of September 30, 2024, we held 835 individual investment-grade fixed maturity securities and 58 individual below-investment-grade fixed maturity securities that were in an unrealized loss position, of which 795 investment-grade fixed maturity securities and 50 below-investment-grade fixed maturity securities had been in an unrealized loss position continuously for over one year.

In determining when a decline in fair value below amortized cost of a fixed maturity security represents a credit loss, we evaluate the following factors:

•Whether we expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security

•Whether we intend to sell the security or will be required to sell the security before the recovery of its amortized cost basis

•Whether the security is current as to principal and interest payments

•The significance of the decline in value

•Current and future business prospects and trends of earnings

•The valuation of the security's underlying collateral

•Relevant industry conditions and trends relative to their historical cycles

•Market conditions

•Rating agency and governmental actions

•Bid and offering prices and the level of trading activity

•Adverse changes in estimated cash flows for securitized investments

•Changes in fair value subsequent to the balance sheet date

•Any other key measures for the related security

While determining whether a credit loss exists is a judgmental area, we utilize a formal, well-defined, and disciplined process to monitor and evaluate our fixed income investment portfolio, supported by issuer specific research and documentation as of the end of each period. The process results in a thorough evaluation of investments and the recording of credit losses on a timely basis for investments determined to have a credit loss. We calculate the allowance for credit losses of fixed maturity securities based on the present value of our best estimate of cash flows expected to be collected, discounted using the effective interest rate implicit in the security at the date of acquisition. When estimating future cash flows, we analyze the strength of the issuer’s balance sheet, its debt obligations and near-term funding arrangements, cash flow and liquidity, the profitability of its core businesses, the availability of marketable assets which could be sold to increase liquidity, its industry fundamentals and regulatory environment, and its access to capital markets.

32

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 4 - Investments - Continued

The following tables present a rollforward of the allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities, which were classified as "all other corporate bonds" during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

	Three Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of period	$	5.1	$	—
Change in allowance on securities with allowance recorded in previous period	0.2		—
Change in allowance on securities sold during the period	(2.4)		—
Balance, end of period	$	2.9	$	—

	Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of period	$	2.2	$	—
Credit losses on securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded	2.9		—
Change in allowance on securities with allowance recorded in previous period	0.2		—
Change in allowance on securities sold during the period	(2.4)		—
Balance, end of period	$	2.9	$	—

At September 30, 2024, we had commitments of $38.0 million to fund private placement fixed maturity securities, the amount of which may or may not be funded. 

Variable Interest Entities

We invest in variable interests issued by variable interest entities. These investments, which are passive in nature, include minority ownership interests in private equity partnerships, tax credit partnerships, and special purpose entities. Our maximum exposure to loss is limited to the carrying value of these investments in private equity partnerships, tax credit partnerships, and special purpose entities. For those variable interests that are not consolidated in our financial statements, we are not the primary beneficiary because we have neither the power to direct the activities that are most significant to economic performance nor the responsibility to absorb a majority of the expected losses. The determination of whether we are the primary beneficiary is performed at the time of our initial investment and at the date of each subsequent reporting period.

As of September 30, 2024, the carrying amount of our variable interest entity investments that are not consolidated in our financial statements was $1,428.3 million, comprised of $0.3 million of tax credit partnerships and $1,428.0 million of private equity partnerships. At December 31, 2023, the carrying amount of our variable interest entity investments that are not consolidated in our financial statements was $1,326.5 million, comprised of $0.3 million of tax credit partnerships and $1,326.2 million of private equity partnerships.  These variable interest entity investments are reported as other long-term investments in our consolidated balance sheets.

Mortgage Loans

Our mortgage loan portfolio is well diversified by both geographic region and property type to reduce risk of concentration. All of our mortgage loans are collateralized by commercial real estate. When issuing a new loan, our general policy is not to exceed a loan-to-value ratio, or the ratio of the loan balance to the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral, of 75 percent. We update the loan-to-value ratios based on internal valuation of the collateral at least every three years for each loan, and properties undergo a general inspection at least every two years. Our general policy for newly issued loans is to have a debt

33

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 4 - Investments - Continued

service coverage ratio greater than 1.25 times on a normalized 25 year amortization period. We update our debt service coverage ratios annually.

We carry our mortgage loans at amortized cost less an allowance for expected credit losses. The amortized cost of our mortgage loans was $2,255.4 million and $2,328.4 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The allowance for expected credit losses was $16.5 million and $10.2 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Interest income is accrued on the principal amount of the loan based on the loan's contractual interest rate. We report accrued interest income for our mortgage loans as accrued investment income on our consolidated balance sheets, and the amount of the accrued income was $7.0 million and $7.2 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The carrying amount of mortgage loans by property type and geographic region are presented below.

	September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
	(in millions of dollars)
	Carrying Amount		Percent of Total		Carrying Amount		Percent of Total
Property Type
Apartment	$	662.9	29.6	%	$	685.8	29.6	%
Industrial	684.2		30.6		706.0		30.5
Office	354.1		15.8		379.9		16.4
Retail	496.1		22.1		503.9		21.7
Other	41.6		1.9		42.6		1.8
Total	$	2,238.9	100.0	%	$	2,318.2	100.0	%
Region
New England	$	53.2	2.4	%	$	55.1	2.4	%
Mid-Atlantic	162.4		7.3		155.1		6.7
East North Central	294.0		13.1		314.4		13.6
West North Central	158.9		7.1		163.5		7.0
South Atlantic	537.1		24.0		553.0		23.8
East South Central	107.8		4.8		110.7		4.8
West South Central	195.5		8.7		200.9		8.7
Mountain	269.5		12.0		282.7		12.2
Pacific	460.5		20.6		482.8		20.8
Total	$	2,238.9	100.0	%	$	2,318.2	100.0	%

The risk in our mortgage loan portfolio is primarily related to vacancy rates. Events or developments, such as economic conditions that impact the ability of the borrowers to ensure occupancy of the property, may have a negative effect on our mortgage loan portfolio, particularly to the extent that our portfolio is concentrated in an affected region or property type. An increase in vacancies increases the probability of default, which would negatively affect our expected losses in our mortgage loan portfolio.

We evaluate each of our mortgage loans individually for impairment and assign an internal quality rating based on a comprehensive rating system used to evaluate the risk of the loan. The factors we use to derive our internal quality ratings may include the following:

•Loan-to-value ratio based on internal valuation of the property

•Debt service coverage ratio based on current operating income

•Property location, including regional economics, trends, and demographics

•Age, condition, and construction quality of property

•Current and historical occupancy of property

34

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 4 - Investments - Continued

•Lease terms relative to market

•Tenant size and financial strength

•Borrower's financial strength

•Borrower's equity in transaction

•Additional collateral, if any

Although all available and applicable factors are considered in our analysis, loan-to-value and debt service coverage ratios are the most critical factors in determining whether we will initially issue the loan and also in assigning values and determining impairment. We assign an overall rating to each loan using an internal rating scale of AA (highest quality) to B (lowest quality). We review and adjust, as needed, our internal quality ratings on an annual basis. This review process is performed more frequently for mortgage loans deemed to have a higher risk of delinquency.

We estimate an allowance for credit losses that we expect to incur over the life of our mortgage loans using a probability of default method. For each loan, we estimate the probability that the loan will default before its maturity (probability of default) and the amount of the loss if the loan defaults (loss given default). These two factors result in an expected loss percentage that is applied to the amortized cost of each loan to determine the expected credit loss. As we are the original underwriter of the mortgage loans, the amortized cost generally equals the principal amount of the loan. We measure losses on defaults of our mortgage loans as the excess amortized cost of the mortgage loan over the fair value of the underlying collateral in the event that we foreclose on the loan or over the expected future cash flows of the loan if we retain the mortgage loan until payoff. We do not purchase mortgage loans with existing credit impairments.

In estimating the probability of default, we consider historical experience, current market conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts about the future market conditions. We utilize our historical loan experience in combination with a large third-party industry database for a period of time that aligns with the average life of our loans based on the maturity dates of the loans and prepayment experience. Our model utilizes an industry database of the historical loss experience based on our actual portfolio characteristics such as loan-to-value, debt service coverage, collateral type, geography, and late payment history. In addition, because we actively manage our portfolio, we may extend the term of a loan in certain situations and will accordingly extend the maturity date in the estimate of probability of default. In estimating the loss given default, we primarily consider the type and value of collateral and secondarily the expected liquidation costs and time to recovery.

The primary market factors that we consider in our forecast of future market conditions are gross domestic product, unemployment rates, interest rates, inflation, commercial real estate values, household formation, and retail sales. We also forecast certain loan specific factors such as growth in the fair value and net operating income of collateral by property type. We include our estimate of these factors over a two-year period and for the remainder of the loans’ estimated lives, adjusted for estimated prepayments. Past the two-year forecast period, we revert to the historical assumptions ratably by the end of the fifth year of the loan after which we utilize only historical assumptions.

We utilize various scenarios to estimate our allowance for expected losses ranging from a base case scenario that reflects normal market conditions to a severe case scenario that reflects adverse market conditions. We will adjust our allowance each period to utilize the scenario or weighting of the scenarios that best reflects our view of current market conditions.

35

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 4 - Investments - Continued

The following tables present information about mortgage loans by the applicable internal quality indicators:

	September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
	(in millions of dollars)
	Carrying Amount		Percent of Total		Carrying Amount		Percent of Total
Internal Mortgage Rating
AA	$	94.5	4.2	%	$	85.2	3.7	%
A	982.2		43.9		942.5		40.6
BBB	1,064.4		47.5		1,249.5		53.9
BB	97.8		4.4		41.0		1.8
Total	$	2,238.9	100.0	%	$	2,318.2	100.0	%
Loan-to-Value Ratio1
<= 65%	$	1,527.0	68.2	%	$	1,409.9	60.8	%
> 65% <= 75%	481.6		21.5		707.0		30.5
> 75% <= 85%	148.5		6.6		136.5		5.9
> 85%	81.8		3.7		64.8		2.8
Total	$	2,238.9	100.0	%	$	2,318.2	100.0	%

1Loan-to-Value Ratio utilizes the most recent internal valuation of the property

36

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 4 - Investments - Continued

There were no gross write-offs for the periods ending September 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023. The following tables present the amortized cost of our mortgage loans by year of origination and internal quality indicators at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively:

	September 30, 2024
	Prior to 2020		2020		2021		2022		2023		2024		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Internal Mortgage Rating
AA	$	88.1	$	—	$	6.4	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	94.5
A	684.4		92.6		145.0		24.3		38.0		—		984.3
BBB	710.4		63.1		181.1		63.8		29.0		23.1		1,070.5
BB	106.1		—		—		—		—		—		106.1
Total Amortized Cost	1,589.0		155.7		332.5		88.1		67.0		23.1		2,255.4
Allowance for credit losses	(14.1)		(0.5)		(1.1)		(0.3)		(0.4)		(0.1)		(16.5)
Carrying Amount	$	1,574.9	$	155.2	$	331.4	$	87.8	$	66.6	$	23.0	$	2,238.9
Loan-to-Value Ratio1
<=65%	$	1,174.1	$	113.7	$	188.8	$	15.6	$	38.7	$	—	$	1,530.9
>65<=75%	231.2		33.9		94.9		72.5		28.3		23.1		483.9
>75%<=85%	122.6		8.1		20.3		—		—		—		151.0
>85%	61.1		—		28.5		—		—		—		89.6
Total Amortized Cost	1,589.0		155.7		332.5		88.1		67.0		23.1		2,255.4
Allowance for credit losses	(14.1)		(0.5)		(1.1)		(0.3)		(0.4)		(0.1)		(16.5)
Carrying Amount	$	1,574.9	$	155.2	$	331.4	$	87.8	$	66.6	$	23.0	$	2,238.9

1Loan-to-Value Ratio utilizes the most recent internal valuation of the property

37

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 4 - Investments - Continued

	December 31, 2023
	Prior to 2019		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Internal Mortgage Rating
AA	$	74.3	$	11.0	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	85.3
A	589.0		100.3		94.1		100.1		23.2		38.0		944.7
BBB	618.4		224.8		71.4		248.0		64.4		29.2		1,256.2
BB	42.2		—		—		—		—		—		42.2
Total Amortized Cost	1,323.9		336.1		165.5		348.1		87.6		67.2		2,328.4
Allowance for credit losses	(6.3)		(1.3)		(0.6)		(1.0)		(0.6)		(0.4)		(10.2)
Carrying Amount	$	1,317.6	$	334.8	$	164.9	$	347.1	$	87.0	$	66.8	$	2,318.2
Loan-to-Value Ratio1
<=65%	$	908.3	$	197.7	$	116.4	$	145.2	$	16.2	$	30.0	$	1,413.8
>65<=75%	252.1		138.4		40.8		171.0		71.4		37.2		710.9
>75%<=85%	97.3		—		8.3		31.9		—		—		137.5
>85%	66.2		—		—		—		—		—		66.2
Total Amortized Cost	1,323.9		336.1		165.5		348.1		87.6		67.2		2,328.4
Allowance for credit losses	(6.3)		(1.3)		(0.6)		(1.0)		(0.6)		(0.4)		(10.2)
Carrying Amount	$	1,317.6	$	334.8	$	164.9	$	347.1	$	87.0	$	66.8	$	2,318.2

1Loan-to-Value Ratio utilizes the most recent internal valuation of the property

38

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 4 - Investments - Continued

The following tables present a roll-forward of the allowance for expected credit losses by loan-to-value ratio for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Beginning of Period		Current Period Provisions		Write-Offs		Recoveries		End of Period
	(in millions of dollars)
Loan-to-Value Ratio1
<=65%	$	3.7	$	0.3	$	—	$	—	$	4.0
>65<=75%	3.3		(1.1)		—		—		2.2
>75%<=85%	1.7		0.8		—		—		2.5
>85%	3.4		4.4		—		—		7.8
Total	$	12.1	$	4.4	$	—	$	—	$	16.5

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Beginning of Period		Current Period Provisions		Write-Offs		Recoveries		End of Period
	(in millions of dollars)
Loan-to-Value Ratio1
<=65%	$	3.3	$	(0.1)	$	—	$	—	$	3.2
>65<=75%	4.8		(0.4)		—		—		4.4
>75%<=85%	0.9		—		—		—		0.9
>85%	2.1		(0.4)		—		—		1.7
Total	$	11.1	$	(0.9)	$	—	$	—	$	10.2

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Beginning of Year		Current Period Provisions		Write-Offs		Recoveries		End of Period
	(in millions of dollars)
Loan-to-Value Ratio1
<=65%	$	3.8	$	0.2	$	—	$	—	$	4.0
>65<=75%	3.8		(1.6)		—		—		2.2
>75%<=85%	1.2		1.3		—		—		2.5
>85%	1.4		6.4		—		—		7.8
Total	$	10.2	$	6.3	$	—	$	—	$	16.5

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Beginning of Year		Current Period Provisions		Write-Offs		Recoveries		End of Period
	(in millions of dollars)
Loan-to-Value Ratio1
<=65%	$	3.0	$	0.2	$	—	$	—	$	3.2
>65<=75%	4.7		(0.3)		—		—		4.4
>75%<=85%	1.1		(0.2)		—		—		0.9
>85%	0.5		1.2		—		—		1.7
Total	$	9.3	$	0.9	$	—	$	—	$	10.2

1Loan-to-Value Ratio utilizes the most recent internal valuation of the property

39

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 4 - Investments - Continued

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, all commercial mortgage loans which were previously modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulties were current. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we granted an other-than-insignificant payment delay for a commercial mortgage loan with an amortized cost of $14.2 million, which deferred the principal payment for 18 months. This modification represented less than one percent of the commercial mortgage loan portfolio balance. There were no troubled debt restructurings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we held no mortgage loans that were greater than 90 days past due regarding principal and/or interest payments.

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had no loan foreclosures.

Other than our allowance for expected credit losses, we had no specifically identified impaired mortgage loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 or 2023, nor did we recognize any interest income on mortgage loans subsequent to impairment.

At September 30, 2024, we had $28.5 million commitments to fund commercial mortgage loans. Consistent with how we determine the estimate of current expected credit losses for our funded mortgage loans each period, we estimate expected credit losses for loans that have not been funded but we are committed to fund at the end of each period. At September 30, 2024, we had $0.1 million of expected credit losses related to unfunded commitments on our consolidated balance sheets. At December 31, 2023, we had no expected credit losses related to unfunded commitments on our consolidated balance sheets.

Investment Real Estate

Our real estate held for the production of income balance was $60.8 million and $64.4 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and the associated accumulated depreciation was $130.8 million and $127.2 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. We did not recognize any impairments related to our real estate during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recognized a $3.0 million impairment related to certain of our real estate held for investment.

Our held for sale real estate balance was $40.9 million at both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 and the associated accumulated depreciation was $54.2 million at both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The estimated fair values less costs to sell are above the carrying values of the properties and we expect to close the sales of the properties within the next twelve months.

Transfers of Financial Assets

To manage our cash position more efficiently, we may enter into repurchase agreements with unaffiliated financial institutions. We generally use repurchase agreements as a means to finance the purchase of invested assets or for short-term general business purposes until projected cash flows become available from our operations or existing investments. Our repurchase agreements are typically outstanding for less than 30 days. We post collateral through our repurchase agreement transactions whereby the counterparty commits to purchase securities with the agreement to resell them to us at a later, specified date. The fair value of collateral posted is generally 102 percent of the cash received.

Our investment policy also permits us to lend fixed maturity securities to unaffiliated financial institutions in short-term securities lending agreements. These agreements increase our investment income with minimal risk. Our securities lending policy requires that a minimum of 102 percent of the fair value of the securities loaned be maintained as collateral. We may receive cash and/or securities as collateral under these agreements. Cash received as collateral is typically reinvested in short-term investments. If securities are received as collateral, we are not permitted to sell or re-post them.

As of September 30, 2024, the carrying amount of fixed maturity securities loaned to third parties under our securities lending program was $57.9 million, for which we received collateral in the form of cash and securities of $25.8 million and $34.4 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, the carrying amount of fixed maturity securities loaned to third parties under our securities lending program was $72.0 million, for which we received collateral in the form of cash and securities of $63.1 million and $12.5 million, respectively. We had no outstanding repurchase agreements at September 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023.

40

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 4 - Investments - Continued

The remaining contractual maturities of our securities lending agreements disaggregated by class of collateral pledged are as follows:

	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	Overnight and Continuous
	(in millions of dollars)
Borrowings
Public Utilities	$	3.7	$	1.8
All Other Corporate Bonds	22.1		61.3
Total Borrowings	25.8		63.1
Gross Amount of Recognized Liability for Securities Lending Transactions	25.8		63.1
Amounts Related to Agreements Not Included in Offsetting Disclosure Contained Herein	$	—	$	—

Certain of our U.S. insurance subsidiaries are members of regional FHLBs. Membership, which requires that we purchase a minimum amount of FHLB common stock on which we receive dividends, provides access to low-cost funding. Advances received from the FHLB are used for the purchase of fixed maturity securities. Additional common stock purchases may be required, based on the amount of funds we borrow from the FHLBs. The carrying value of common stock owned, collateral posted, and advances received are as follows:

	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Carrying Value of FHLB Common Stock	$	25.6	$	15.7
Advances from FHLB	299.0		64.5
Carrying Value of Collateral Posted to FHLB
Fixed Maturity Securities	$	600.7	$	589.0
Commercial Mortgage Loans	940.6		986.8
Total Carrying Value of Collateral Posted to FHLB	$	1,541.3	$	1,575.8

Offsetting of Financial Instruments

We enter into master netting agreements with each of our derivative's counterparties. These agreements provide for conditional rights of set-off upon the occurrence of an early termination event. An early termination event is considered a default, and it allows the non-defaulting party to offset its contracts in a loss position against any gain positions or payments due to the defaulting party. Under our agreements, default type events are defined as failure to pay or deliver as contractually agreed, misrepresentation, bankruptcy, or merger without assumption. See Note 5 for further discussion of collateral related to our derivative contracts.

We have securities lending agreements with unaffiliated financial institutions that post collateral to us in return for the use of our fixed maturity securities. A right of set-off exists that allows us to keep and apply collateral received in the event of default by the counterparty. Default within a securities lending agreement would typically occur if the counterparty failed to return the securities borrowed from us as contractually agreed. In addition, if we default by not returning collateral received, the counterparty has a right of set-off against our securities or any other amounts due to us.

41

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 4 - Investments - Continued

Shown below are our financial instruments that either meet the accounting requirements that allow them to be offset in our balance sheets or that are subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement. Our accounting policy is to not offset these financial instruments in our balance sheets. Net amounts disclosed below have been reduced by the amount of collateral pledged to or received from our counterparties.

	September 30, 2024
	Gross Amount						Gross Amount Not
	of Recognized		Gross Amount		Net Amount		Offset in Balance Sheet
	Financial		Offset in		Presented in		Financial		Cash		Net
	Instruments		Balance Sheet		Balance Sheet		Instruments		Collateral		Amount
	(in millions of dollars)
Financial Assets:
Derivatives	$	105.5	$	—	$	105.5	$	(102.9)	$	(2.3)	$	0.3
Securities Lending	57.9		—		57.9		(32.1)		(25.8)		—
Total	$	163.4	$	—	$	163.4	$	(135.0)	$	(28.1)	$	0.3
Financial Liabilities:
Derivatives	$	130.2	$	—	$	130.2	$	(127.7)	$	—	$	2.5
Securities Lending	25.8		—		25.8		(25.8)		—		—
Total	$	156.0	$	—	$	156.0	$	(153.5)	$	—	$	2.5

	December 31, 2023
	Gross Amount						Gross Amount Not
	of Recognized		Gross Amount		Net Amount		Offset in Balance Sheet
	Financial		Offset in		Presented in		Financial		Cash		Net
	Instruments		Balance Sheet		Balance Sheet		Instruments		Collateral		Amount
	(in millions of dollars)
Financial Assets:
Derivatives	$	99.9	$	—	$	99.9	$	(91.9)	$	(6.4)	$	1.6
Securities Lending	72.0		—		72.0		(8.9)		(63.1)		—
Total	$	171.9	$	—	$	171.9	$	(100.8)	$	(69.5)	$	1.6
Financial Liabilities:
Derivatives	$	116.2	$	—	$	116.2	$	(109.4)	$	—	$	6.8
Securities Lending	63.1		—		63.1		(63.1)		—		—
Total	$	179.3	$	—	$	179.3	$	(172.5)	$	—	$	6.8

42

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 4 - Investments - Continued

Net Investment Income

Net investment income reported in our consolidated statements of income is presented below.

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities	$	465.4	$	457.9	$	1,388.5	$	1,383.7
Derivatives	8.1		11.6		25.0		34.5
Mortgage Loans	22.0		22.9		66.6		69.8
Policy Loans	5.7		5.4		16.3		15.6
Other Long-term Investments
Perpetual Preferred Securities1	—		0.4		0.3		2.2
Private Equity Partnerships2	19.6		22.6		72.6		56.7
Other	3.4		2.6		8.5		7.1
Short-term Investments	24.0		19.1		65.7		49.4
Gross Investment Income	548.2		542.5		1,643.5		1,619.0
Less Investment Expenses	17.5		13.5		48.3		44.0
Less Investment Income on Participation Fund Account Assets	2.9		3.0		8.8		9.1
Net Investment Income	$	527.8	$	526.0	$	1,586.4	$	1,565.9

1The net unrealized gain (loss) recognized in net investment income for the three months ended September 30, 2024 related to perpetual preferred securities still held at September 30, 2024 was $0.2 million. The net unrealized gain (loss) recognized in net investment income for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 related to perpetual preferred securities still held at September 30, 2024 was de minimis. The net unrealized gain (loss) recognized in net investment income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 related to perpetual preferred securities still held at September 30, 2023 was $(0.4) million and $0.1 million, respectively.

2The net unrealized gain recognized in net investment income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 related to private equity partnerships still held at September 30, 2024 was $25.3 million and $87.6 million, respectively, reduced by net management fees and partnership expenses of $(5.7) million and $(15.0) million, respectively. The net unrealized gain recognized in net investment income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 related to private equity partnerships still held at September 30, 2023 was $29.7 million and $72.6 million, respectively, reduced by net management fees and partnership expenses of $(7.1) million and $(15.9) million, respectively. See Note 3 for further discussion of private equity partnerships.

43

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 4 - Investments - Continued

Investment Gain and Loss

Investment gains and losses are as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
Gross Gains on Sales	$	1.1	$	0.4	$	1.1	$	3.7
Gross Losses on Sales	(8.5)		(37.4)		(29.7)		(50.7)
Impairment Loss 1	(1.3)		—		(2.5)		—
Change in Allowance for Credit Losses	(0.2)		—		(3.1)		—
Mortgage Loans and Other Invested Assets
Gross Gains on Sales	0.4		—		9.7		6.0
Gross Losses on Sales	—		(0.9)		—		(1.0)
Impairment Loss	—		(3.0)		—		(3.0)
Change in Allowance for Credit Losses	(4.5)		0.9		(6.4)		(0.9)
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	(0.8)		9.2		6.1		14.7
All Other Derivatives	(2.2)		2.0		(0.2)		2.0
Foreign Currency Transactions	3.1		(2.2)		0.5		(0.8)
Net Investment Gain (Loss)	$	(12.9)	$	(31.0)	$	(24.5)	$	(30.0)

1Includes write-down of securities that we intend to sell prior to recovery of the amortized cost basis.

Note 5 - Derivative Financial Instruments

Purpose of Derivatives

We are exposed to certain risks relating to our ongoing business operations. The primary risks managed by using derivative instruments are interest rate risk, risk related to matching duration for our assets and liabilities, foreign currency risk, and equity risk. Historically, we have utilized current and forward interest rate swaps, current and forward currency swaps, forward benchmark interest rate locks, currency forward contracts, forward contracts on specific fixed income securities, and total return swaps. Transactions hedging interest rate risk are primarily associated with our individual and group long-term care and individual and group disability products. All other product portfolios are periodically reviewed to determine if hedging strategies would be appropriate for risk management purposes. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.

Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges and used to reduce our exposure to interest rate and duration risk are as follows:

•Interest rate swaps were used to hedge interest rate risks and to improve the matching of assets and liabilities. An interest rate swap is an agreement in which we agree with other parties to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between fixed rate and variable rate interest amounts. We used interest rate swaps to hedge the anticipated purchase of fixed maturity securities thereby protecting us from the potential adverse impact of declining interest rates on the associated policy reserves. We also used interest rate swaps to hedge the potential adverse impact of rising interest rates in anticipation of issuing fixed rate long-term debt.

•Forward benchmark interest rate locks are used to minimize interest rate risk associated with the anticipated purchase or associated future coupons of fixed maturity securities or the anticipated issuance of fixed rate long-term debt. A forward benchmark interest rate lock is a derivative contract without an initial investment where we and the

44

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 5 - Derivative Financial Instruments - Continued

counterparty agree to purchase or sell a specific benchmark interest rate fixed maturity bond at a future date at a predetermined price or yield.

Derivatives designated as either cash flow or fair value hedges and used to reduce our exposure to foreign currency risk are as follows:

•Foreign currency interest rate swaps are used to hedge the currency risk of certain foreign currency-denominated fixed maturity securities owned for portfolio diversification. Under these swap agreements, we agree to pay, at specified intervals, fixed rate foreign currency-denominated principal and interest payments in exchange for fixed rate payments in the functional currency of the operating segment.

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments and used to reduce our exposure to foreign currency risk and volatility of the underlying deferred assets in our non-qualified defined contribution plan are as follows:

•Foreign currency interest rate swaps previously designated as hedges were used to hedge the currency risk of certain foreign currency-denominated fixed maturity securities owned for portfolio diversification. These derivatives were effective hedges prior to novation to a new counterparty. In conjunction with the novation, these derivatives were de-designated as hedges. We agree to pay, at specified intervals, fixed rate foreign currency-denominated principal and interest payments in exchange for fixed rate payments in the functional currency of the operating segment. We hold offsetting swaps wherein we agree to pay fixed rate principal and interest payments in the functional currency of the operating segment in exchange for fixed rate foreign currency-denominated payments.

•Foreign currency forward contracts are used to minimize foreign currency risk. A foreign currency forward is a derivative without an initial investment where we and the counterparty agree to exchange a specific amount of currencies, at a specific exchange rate, on a specific date. We use these forward contracts to hedge the currency risk arising from foreign-currency denominated investments.

•Total Return Swaps are used to economically hedge a portion of the liability related to our non-qualified defined contribution plan. A total return swap is an agreement in which we pay a floating rate of interest to the counterparty and receive the total return on a portfolio of mutual funds and exchange traded funds. These swaps are cash settled on the last day of every month and the notional is re-established each month based on plan participant actions.

45

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 5 - Derivative Financial Instruments - Continued

Derivative Risks

The basic types of risks associated with derivatives are market risk (that the value of the derivative will be adversely impacted by changes in the market, primarily changes in interest rates, exchange rates, and equity prices) and credit risk (that the counterparty will not perform according to the terms of the contract). The market risk of the derivatives should generally offset the market risk associated with the hedged financial instrument or liability. To help limit the credit exposure of the derivatives, we enter into master netting agreements with our counterparties whereby contracts in a gain position can be offset against contracts in a loss position. We also typically enter into bilateral, cross-collateralization agreements with our counterparties to help limit the credit exposure of the derivatives. These agreements require the counterparty in a loss position to submit acceptable collateral with the other counterparty in the event the net loss position meets or exceeds an agreed upon amount. Credit exposure on derivatives is limited to the value of those contracts in a net gain position, including accrued interest receivable less collateral held. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had $0.3 million and $1.6 million credit exposure on derivatives, respectively. The table below summarizes the nature and amount of collateral received from and posted to our derivative counterparties.

	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Carrying Value of Collateral Received from Counterparties
Cash	$	3.4	$	11.1
Fixed Maturity Securities	30.9		26.3
	$	34.3	$	37.4
Carrying Value of Collateral Posted to Counterparties
Cash	$	—	$	—
Fixed Maturity Securities	50.6		39.8
	$	50.6	$	39.8

See Note 4 for further discussion of our master netting agreements.

All of our derivative instruments contain provisions that require us to maintain specified issuer credit ratings and financial strength ratings. Should our ratings fall below these specified levels, we would be in violation of the provisions, and our derivatives counterparties could terminate our contracts and request immediate payment. The aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with credit risk-related contingent features that were in a liability position was $130.2 million and $116.2 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Cash Flow Hedges

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had $142.5 million and $149.5 million, respectively, notional amount of receive fixed, pay fixed, open current and forward foreign currency interest rate swaps to hedge fixed income foreign currency-denominated securities.

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had $2,523.0 million and $1,905.0 million, respectively, notional amount of forward benchmark interest rate locks to hedge the anticipated purchase or associated future coupons of fixed maturity securities.

As of September 30, 2024, we expect to amortize approximately $9.2 million of net deferred gains on derivative instruments during the next twelve months. This amount will be reclassified from AOCI into earnings and reported on the same income statement line item as the hedged item. The income statement line items that will be affected by this amortization are net investment income and interest and debt expense. Additional amounts that may be reclassified from AOCI into earnings to offset the earnings impact of foreign currency translation of hedged items are not estimable.

As of September 30, 2024, we are hedging the variability of future cash flows associated with forecasted transactions through the year 2064.

46

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 5 - Derivative Financial Instruments - Continued

Fair Value Hedges

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had $693.2 million and $642.5 million, respectively, notional amount of receive fixed, pay fixed, open current and forward foreign currency interest rate swaps to hedge fixed income foreign currency-denominated securities.

The following table summarizes the carrying amount of hedged assets and the related cumulative basis adjustments related to our fair value hedges:

	Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets				Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Fixed maturity securities:
Receive fixed functional currency interest, pay fixed foreign currency interest	$	592.9	$	529.2	$	(0.5)	$	(6.1)

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, $8.2 million and $9.5 million, respectively, of the derivative instruments' gain (loss) related to cross-currency basis spread and forward points was excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, $(19.4) million and $(26.6) million, respectively, of the derivative instruments' gain (loss) related to cross-currency basis spread and forward points was excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. There were no instances wherein we discontinued fair value hedge accounting due to a hedged firm commitment no longer qualifying as a fair value hedge.

Derivatives not Designated as Hedging Instruments

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we held $125.9 million and $132.0 million, respectively, notional amount of receive fixed, pay fixed, foreign currency interest rate swaps. These derivatives are not designated as hedges, and as such, changes in fair value related to these derivatives are reported in earnings as a component of net investment gain or loss.

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we held $54.6 million and $52.5 million, respectively, notional amount of foreign currency forwards to mitigate the foreign currency risk associated with specific securities owned. These derivatives are not designated as hedges, and as such, changes in fair value related to these derivatives are reported in earnings as a component of net investment gain or loss.

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we held $126.3 million and $102.2 million, respectively, notional amount of total return swaps to mitigate the volatility associated with changes in the fair value of the underlying notional assets in our non-qualified defined contribution plan. This derivative is an economic hedge not designated as a hedging instrument, and changes in fair value are reported as a component of other expenses in our income statement.

We have an embedded derivative in a modified coinsurance arrangement for which we include in our net investment gains and losses, a calculation intended to estimate the value of the option of our reinsurance counterparty to cancel the reinsurance contract with us. However, neither party can unilaterally terminate the reinsurance agreement except in extreme circumstances resulting from regulatory supervision, delinquency proceedings, or other direct regulatory action. Cash settlements or collateral related to this embedded derivative are not required at any time during the reinsurance contract or at termination of the reinsurance contract. There are no credit-related counterparty triggers, and any accumulated embedded derivative gain or loss reduces to zero over time as the reinsured business winds down.

47

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 5 - Derivative Financial Instruments - Continued

Locations and Amounts of Derivative Financial Instruments

The following tables summarize the notional amounts and fair values of derivative financial instruments, as reported in our consolidated balance sheets. Derivative assets are included in other long-term investments, while derivative liabilities are included in other liabilities within our consolidated balance sheets. The notional amounts represent the basis upon which our counterparty pay and receive amounts are calculated.

	September 30, 2024
			Derivative Assets		Derivative Liabilities
	Notional Amount		Fair Value		Fair Value
	(in millions of dollars)
Designated as Hedging Instruments
Cash Flow Hedges
Forward Benchmark Interest Rate Locks	$	2,523.0	$	47.4	$	94.7
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	142.5		14.9		3.0
Total Cash Flow Hedges	2,665.5		62.3		97.7
Fair Value Hedges
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	693.2		41.1		15.7
Total Designated as Hedging Instruments	$	3,358.7	$	103.4	$	113.4
Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Foreign Currency Forwards	$	54.6	$	2.1	$	0.5
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	125.9		—		16.3
Total Return Swaps	126.3		—		—
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	—		4.6		—
Total Not Designated as Hedging Instruments	$	306.8	$	6.7	$	16.8
Total Derivatives	$	3,665.5	$	110.1	$	130.2

48

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 5 - Derivative Financial Instruments - Continued

	December 31, 2023
			Derivative Assets		Derivative Liabilities
	Notional Amount		Fair Value		Fair Value
	(in millions of dollars)
Designated as Hedging Instruments
Cash Flow Hedges
Forward Benchmark Interest Rate Locks	$	1,905.0	$	44.5	$	77.8
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	149.5		14.2		4.5
Total Cash Flow Hedges	2,054.5		58.7		82.3
Fair Value Hedges
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	642.5		38.2		16.7
Total Designated as Hedging Instruments	$	2,697.0	$	96.9	$	99.0
Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Foreign Currency Forwards	$	52.5	$	3.0	$	0.2
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	132.0		—		17.0
Total Return Swaps	102.2		—		—
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	—		—		1.5
Total Not Designated as Hedging Instruments	$	286.7	$	3.0	$	18.7
Total Derivatives	$	2,983.7	$	99.9	$	117.7

49

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 5 - Derivative Financial Instruments - Continued

The following tables summarize the location of gains and losses of derivative financial instruments designated as hedging instruments, as reported in our consolidated statements of income.

	Three Months Ended September 30
	2024						2023
	Net Investment Income		Net Investment Gain (Loss)		Interest and Debt Expense		Net Investment Income		Net Investment Gain (Loss)		Interest and Debt Expense
	(in millions of dollars)
Total Income and Expense Presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income of Which Hedged Items are Recorded	$	527.8	$	(12.9)	$	49.2	$	526.0	$	(31.0)	$	48.6
Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Interest Rate Swaps:
Hedged Items	21.1		—		0.7		49.7		—		0.7
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments	3.7		—		—		8.3		—		—
Foreign Exchange Contracts:
Hedged Items	2.3		(0.7)		—		2.3		(0.1)		—
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments	0.9		0.7		—		0.4		—		—
Forward Benchmark Interest Rate Locks:
Hedged Items	10.7		—		—		3.9		—		—
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments	(0.3)		—		—		(0.1)		—		—
Gain (Loss) on Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Foreign Exchange Contracts:
Hedged Items	4.9		25.2		—		3.9		(15.2)		—
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments	4.2		(25.2)		—		3.1		15.2		—

50

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 5 - Derivative Financial Instruments - Continued

	Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024						2023
	Net Investment Income		Net Investment Gain (Loss)		Interest and Debt Expense		Net Investment Income		Net Investment Gain (Loss)		Interest and Debt Expense
	(in millions of dollars)
Total Income and Expense Presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income of Which Hedged Items are Recorded	$	1,586.4	$	(24.5)	$	148.6	$	1,565.9	$	(30.0)	$	145.6
Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Interest Rate Swaps:
Hedged Items	91.3		—		2.2		148.2		0.8		2.2
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments	14.5		—		—		27.7		—		—
Foreign Exchange Contracts:
Hedged Items	6.5		(0.4)		—		7.3		(0.1)		—
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments	0.5		0.5		—		0.6		0.1		—
Forward Benchmark Interest Rate Locks:
Hedged Items	29.6		—		—		7.7		—		—
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments	(0.7)		—		—		(0.1)		—		—
Gain (Loss) on Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Foreign Exchange Contracts:
Hedged Items	13.4		5.6		—		10.3		(8.7)		—
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments	11.5		(5.6)		—		6.7		8.7		—

The following table summarizes the location of gains and losses of derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedging instruments, as reported in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on Derivatives
Forwards	$	66.0	$	(158.9)	$	(39.6)	$	(159.7)
Foreign Exchange Contracts	(1.2)		3.4		2.6		0.7
Total	$	64.8	$	(155.5)	$	(37.0)	$	(159.0)

51

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 5 - Derivative Financial Instruments - Continued

The following table summarizes the location of gains and losses on our derivatives not designated as hedging instruments, as reported in our consolidated statements of income.

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Net Investment Gain (Loss)
Foreign Exchange Contracts	$	(2.2)	$	2.0	$	(0.2)	$	2.0
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	(0.8)		9.2		6.1		14.7
Total	$	(3.0)	$	11.2	$	5.9	$	16.7
Other Expenses
(Gain) Loss on Total Return Swaps	$	(5.4)	$	4.1	$	(14.1)	$	(4.7)

52

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 6 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Components of our accumulated other comprehensive loss, after tax, and related changes are as follows:

	Net Unrealized Loss on Securities		Effect of Change in Discount Rate Assumptions on the LFPB1		Net Loss on Derivatives		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment		Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Balance at June 30, 2024	$	(2,723.8)	$	712.3	$	(164.6)	$	(328.4)	$	(341.7)	$	(2,846.2)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications	1,225.8		(1,239.3)		58.8		68.5		(4.2)		109.6
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss	6.8		—		(3.1)		—		3.2		6.9
Net Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	1,232.6		(1,239.3)		55.7		68.5		(1.0)		116.5
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	(1,491.2)	$	(527.0)	$	(108.9)	$	(259.9)	$	(342.7)	$	(2,729.7)
Balance at June 30, 2023	$	(2,762.6)	$	0.1	$	(33.3)	$	(327.1)	$	(334.7)	$	(3,457.6)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications	(1,215.1)		1,688.4		(137.9)		(55.1)		2.5		282.8
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss	29.3		—		(6.5)		—		1.4		24.2
Net Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	(1,185.8)		1,688.4		(144.4)		(55.1)		3.9		307.0
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	(3,948.4)	$	1,688.5	$	(177.7)	$	(382.2)	$	(330.8)	$	(3,150.6)
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	(1,919.1)	$	(648.4)	$	(73.7)	$	(321.1)	$	(345.7)	$	(3,308.0)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications	401.1		121.4		(24.3)		61.2		(6.6)		552.8
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss	26.8		—		(10.9)		—		9.6		25.5
Net Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	427.9		121.4		(35.2)		61.2		3.0		578.3
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	(1,491.2)	$	(527.0)	$	(108.9)	$	(259.9)	$	(342.7)	$	(2,729.7)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	(3,028.4)	$	313.9	$	(9.6)	$	(390.1)	$	(334.1)	$	(3,448.3)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications	(957.2)		1,374.6		(146.4)		7.9		(0.9)		278.0
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss	37.2		—		(21.7)		—		4.2		19.7
Net Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	(920.0)		1,374.6		(168.1)		7.9		3.3		297.7
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	(3,948.4)	$	1,688.5	$	(177.7)	$	(382.2)	$	(330.8)	$	(3,150.6)
1Liability for Future Policy Benefits

53

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 6 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss - Continued

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss were recognized in our consolidated statements of income as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Net Unrealized Loss on Securities
Net Investment Loss on Fixed Maturity Securities
Net Loss on Sales	$	(7.4)	$	(37.0)	$	(28.6)	$	(47.0)
Impairment Loss	(1.3)		—		(2.5)		—
Change in Allowance for Credit Losses	(0.2)		—		(3.1)		—
	(8.9)		(37.0)		(34.2)		(47.0)
Income Tax Benefit	(2.1)		(7.7)		(7.4)		(9.8)
Total	$	(6.8)	$	(29.3)	$	(26.8)	$	(37.2)
Net Loss on Derivatives
Net Investment Income
Gain on Interest Rate Swaps and Forwards	$	3.4	$	8.3	$	13.8	$	27.6
Loss on Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	—		(0.1)		(0.1)		(0.2)
Net Investment Gain
Gain on Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	0.6		—		0.1		0.1
	4.0		8.2		13.8		27.5
Income Tax Expense	0.9		1.7		2.9		5.8
Total	$	3.1	$	6.5	$	10.9	$	21.7
Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs
Other Expenses
Amortization of Net Actuarial Loss	$	(4.2)	$	(1.8)	$	(12.4)	$	(5.4)
Amortization of Prior Service Credit	0.1		—		0.2		0.1
	(4.1)		(1.8)		(12.2)		(5.3)
Income Tax Benefit	(0.9)		(0.4)		(2.6)		(1.1)
Total	$	(3.2)	$	(1.4)	$	(9.6)	$	(4.2)

54

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 7 - Liability for Future Policy Benefits

Liabilities for future policy benefits represent the cost of claims that we estimate we will eventually pay to our policyholders which includes policy liabilities for claims not yet incurred and for claims that have been incurred or are estimated to have been incurred but not yet reported to us. Liabilities for future policy benefits also include the related expenses for our non interest-sensitive life and accident and health products. The liability for future policy benefits is calculated based on the present value of the estimated future policy benefits less the present value of estimated future net premiums collected. Net premiums represent the portion of the gross premium required to provide for all benefits and expenses, excluding acquisition costs or any costs that are required to be charged to expense as incurred. In calculating the liability for future policy benefits, our long-duration contracts are grouped into cohorts by product type and contract issue year.

The calculation of the liability for future policy benefits involves numerous assumptions including assumptions related to discount rate, lapses, mortality, and morbidity.

Cash flow assumptions are reviewed and updated, as needed, at least annually. Assumptions may be updated more frequently if necessary based on trending experience and future expectations. On a quarterly basis, cohort level cash flow measures are updated based on the emergence of actual experience.

The initial, also referred to as the original, discount rate assumptions established for each cohort are used to determine interest accretion. After policy issuance or policy renewal, the discount rate assumptions are updated quarterly and used to update the liability at each reporting date to the current discount rate. The weighted average current discount rate was 4.8 percent at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The weighted average current discount rate was 5.6 percent at September 30, 2023 compared to 5.0 percent at December 31, 2022, with the increase due primarily to an increase in U.S. Treasury rates.

During the third quarter of 2024, we completed our annual cash flow assumption review and updated certain of our assumptions used to develop the liability for future policy benefits which resulted in a net decrease to the liability. The decrease to the liability for future policy benefits was driven primarily by assumption updates in our Closed Block long-term care product line, Unum US group disability product line, Unum US individual disability product line, and the Colonial Life segment. The Closed Block long-term care assumption updates were primarily driven by an increase to expected premium rate increase approvals within our existing premium rate increase program, partially offset by lower than expected persistency on group policies. The Unum US group disability product line assumption updates were primarily related to claim resolution assumptions driven by favorable claim recovery trends, while the Unum US individual disability product line assumption updates were primarily driven by favorable claim incidence trends. The Colonial Life segment assumption updates were driven by improved claim cost assumptions.

During the third quarter of 2023, we completed our annual cash flow assumption review and updated certain of our assumptions used to develop the liability for future policy benefits which resulted in a net increase to the liability. The increase to the liability for future policy benefits was driven primarily by assumption updates in our Closed Block long-term care product line, partially offset by assumption updates in the Unum US group disability product line and in the Colonial Life segment. The long-term care assumption updates were primarily driven by lower expectations for active policy lapse and mortality assumptions, partially offset by an increase to expected premium rate increase approvals within our existing premium rate increase program. The Unum US group disability product line assumption updates were primarily related to claim resolution assumptions driven by favorable claim recovery trends, while the Colonial Life segment assumption updates were driven by improved claim cost assumptions and increases in policyholder lapse rates.

Actual variance from expected experience during the first nine months of 2024 and 2023 was due primarily to the Unum US group disability, Closed Block long-term care, and the Unum US group life and accidental death and dismemberment product lines. During the first nine months of 2024 and 2023, the variance in the Unum US group disability product line was primarily due to higher than expected claim resolutions driven by recoveries. During the first nine months of 2024 and 2023, the variance in the Closed Block long-term care product line was driven primarily by higher than expected claim incidence. Also impacting the variance for the first nine months of 2024 was lower than expected policy terminations, partially offset by higher than expected claim resolutions. During the first nine months of 2024 and 2023, the variance in the Unum US group life and accidental death and dismemberment product line was driven primarily by lower than expected new claim incidence. Also contributing to the comparison for the first nine months of 2024 was higher than expected claim resolutions driven by recoveries. The variance for the first nine months of 2023 is also impacted by our Unum US individual disability product line which was driven primarily by lower than expected new claim incidence.

55

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 7 - Liability for Future Policy Benefits - Continued

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, there were certain cohorts within the Colonial Life segment, related to our cancer and critical illness product line, and within the Closed Block segment, related to our long-term care product line, for which net premiums exceeded gross premiums. The cohorts for which net premiums exceeded the gross premiums within the Closed Block segment resulted in a $70.8 million increase to income before income tax for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and resulted in a $215.5 million reduction to income before income tax for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the cohorts for which net premiums exceeded the gross premiums within the Colonial Life segment had an immaterial impact to income before income tax. The impact to income for capped cohorts includes the impact of assumption updates. There were no other product lines with cohorts for which net premiums exceeded gross premiums for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 or 2023.

56

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 7 - Liability for Future Policy Benefits - Continued

The following table presents balances as well as the changes in the liability for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products.

	Consolidated
	September 30
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	14,417.8	$	12,426.2
Beginning balance at original discount rate	14,243.2		12,695.3
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	73.0		1,499.2
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(151.9)		(121.8)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	14,164.3		14,072.7
Issuances	856.7		861.2
Interest accretion	481.8		430.8
Net premiums collected	(1,222.6)		(1,164.9)
Foreign currency	7.3		(0.1)
Ending balance at original discount rate	14,287.5		14,199.7
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	319.0		(709.0)
Balance, end of period	$	14,606.5	$	13,490.7
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	52,423.6	$	48,929.4
Beginning balance at original discount rate	51,305.7		49,689.0
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(248.5)		1,702.0
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(355.6)		(356.4)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	50,701.6		51,034.6
Issuances1	2,506.9		2,547.0
Interest accretion	1,707.3		1,670.3
Benefit payments	(4,078.4)		(4,106.1)
Foreign currency	121.0		19.6
Ending balance at original discount rate	50,958.4		51,165.4
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	1,204.1		(3,111.7)
Balance, end of period	$	52,162.5	$	48,053.7
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	37,556.0	$	34,563.0
Other2	1,655.7		1,703.3
Total liability for future policy benefits	39,211.7		36,266.3
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	7,455.9		7,449.0
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	31,755.8	$	28,817.3
1Issuances include new policy issuances for most product lines. For our Unum US group disability, Unum US group life and AD&D and Closed Block - All Other product lines and certain of our Unum International product lines, this line represents new claim incurrals.
2Other primarily relates to our Closed Block - All Other product line.

57

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 7 - Liability for Future Policy Benefits - Continued

The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products presented in the rollforward activity above.

	Consolidated
	Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	7,568.4	$	7,278.4
Interest accretion	$	1,225.5	$	1,239.5

	Consolidated
	September 30
	2024			2023
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	104,039.1		$	105,306.1
Expected future gross premiums	$	39,394.1		$	38,581.4
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	25,941.4		$	25,435.2
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	4.9		%	4.8		%
Current discount rate	4.8		%	5.6		%
Weighted average duration of the liability	11.5 years			11.5 years

58

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 7 - Liability for Future Policy Benefits - Continued

Unum US Segment

The following table presents the balances and changes in the reserves for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products in the Unum US segment.

	September 30, 2024
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Voluntary Benefits		Individual Disability		Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	—	$	—	$	1,134.7	$	1,296.7	$	2,431.4
Beginning balance at original discount rate	—		—		1,192.5		1,294.4		2,486.9
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	—		—		41.5		(100.2)		(58.7)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	—		—		(72.1)		(5.3)		(77.4)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	—		—		1,161.9		1,188.9		2,350.8
Issuances1	—		—		295.0		119.2		414.2
Interest accretion	—		—		29.9		39.8		69.7
Net premiums collected	—		—		(144.9)		(138.7)		(283.6)
Ending balance at original discount rate	—		—		1,341.9		1,209.2		2,551.1
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	—		—		(41.7)		16.7		(25.0)
Balance, end of period	$	—	$	—	$	1,300.2	$	1,225.9	$	2,526.1
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	5,147.4	$	922.0	$	2,334.5	$	3,348.6	$	11,752.5
Beginning balance at original discount rate	5,277.1		936.5		2,422.0		3,313.9		11,949.5
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(76.4)		(17.0)		51.6		(155.4)		(197.2)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(152.4)		(49.7)		(81.1)		(18.9)		(302.1)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	5,048.3		869.8		2,392.5		3,139.6		11,450.2
Issuances1	893.7		333.3		315.1		127.1		1,669.2
Interest accretion	121.7		14.3		73.2		113.3		322.5
Benefit payments	(1,109.7)		(357.8)		(170.3)		(207.2)		(1,845.0)
Ending balance at original discount rate	4,954.0		859.6		2,610.5		3,172.8		11,596.9
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(43.4)		(6.3)		(91.7)		65.8		(75.6)
Balance, end of period	$	4,910.6	$	853.3	$	2,518.8	$	3,238.6	$	11,521.3
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	4,910.6	$	853.3	$	1,218.6	$	2,012.7	$	8,995.2
Other	0.1		0.8		2.7		28.1		31.7
Total liability for future policy benefits	4,910.7		854.1		1,221.3		2,040.8		9,026.9
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	26.8		5.7		13.7		154.6		200.8
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	4,883.9	$	848.4	$	1,207.6	$	1,886.2	$	8,826.1
1Issuances include new policy issuances for most product lines. Issuances for Unum US group disability and Unum US group life and AD&D represents new claim incurrals.

59

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 7 - Liability for Future Policy Benefits - Continued

	September 30, 2023
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Voluntary Benefits		Individual Disability		Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	—	$	—	$	868.2	$	1,202.9	$	2,071.1
Beginning balance at original discount rate	—		—		937.9		1,228.1		2,166.0
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	—		—		180.7		5.0		185.7
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	—		—		(98.2)		(13.6)		(111.8)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	—		—		1,020.4		1,219.5		2,239.9
Issuances1	—		—		258.6		164.0		422.6
Interest accretion	—		—		21.4		36.3		57.7
Net premiums collected	—		—		(124.2)		(131.7)		(255.9)
Ending balance at original discount rate	—		—		1,176.2		1,288.1		2,464.3
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	—		—		(119.4)		(62.2)		(181.6)
Balance, end of period	$	—	$	—	$	1,056.8	$	1,225.9	$	2,282.7
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	5,533.3	$	972.6	$	1,999.5	$	3,192.8	$	11,698.2
Beginning balance at original discount rate	5,793.1		998.5		2,141.2		3,244.5		12,177.3
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(100.2)		—		170.1		7.9		77.8
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(187.8)		(28.2)		(109.6)		(42.3)		(367.9)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	5,505.1		970.3		2,201.7		3,210.1		11,887.2
Issuances1	907.1		356.1		270.4		173.8		1,707.4
Interest accretion	137.6		15.8		64.3		123.2		340.9
Benefit payments	(1,186.8)		(402.1)		(143.9)		(203.5)		(1,936.3)
Ending balance at original discount rate	5,363.0		940.1		2,392.5		3,303.6		11,999.2
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(310.1)		(35.6)		(280.7)		(190.0)		(816.4)
Balance, end of period	$	5,052.9	$	904.5	$	2,111.8	$	3,113.6	$	11,182.8
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	5,052.9	$	904.5	$	1,055.0	$	1,887.7	$	8,900.1
Other	0.5		1.0		2.4		26.0		29.9
Total liability for future policy benefits	5,053.4		905.5		1,057.4		1,913.7		8,930.0
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	32.8		6.2		13.2		148.1		200.3
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	5,020.6	$	899.3	$	1,044.2	$	1,765.6	$	8,729.7
1Issuances include new policy issuances for most product lines. Issuances for Unum US group disability and Unum US group life and AD&D represents new claim incurrals.

60

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 7 - Liability for Future Policy Benefits - Continued

The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products in the Unum US segment presented in the rollforward activity above.

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Voluntary Benefits		Individual Disability		Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	2,294.8	$	1,496.3	$	621.3	$	494.2	$	4,906.6
Interest accretion	$	121.7	$	14.3	$	43.3	$	73.5	$	252.8

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Voluntary Benefits		Individual Disability		Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	2,210.4	$	1,403.2	$	592.1	$	474.2	$	4,679.9
Interest accretion	$	137.6	$	15.8	$	42.9	$	86.9	$	283.2

	September 30, 2024
	Group Disability			Group Life and AD&D			Voluntary Benefits			Individual Disability			Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	6,001.5		$	977.0		$	5,579.6		$	5,082.2		$	17,640.3
Expected future gross premiums	$	—		$	—		$	5,822.4		$	5,817.0		$	11,639.4
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	—		$	—		$	3,854.6		$	4,180.2		$	8,034.8
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	4.1		%	2.3		%	5.0		%	5.1		%	4.3		%
Current discount rate	4.3		%	2.4		%	4.9		%	4.6		%	4.3		%
Weighted average duration of the liability	4.2 years			2.5 years			18.5 years			9.4 years			7.1 years

61

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 7 - Liability for Future Policy Benefits - Continued

	September 30, 2023
	Group Disability			Group Life and AD&D			Voluntary Benefits			Individual Disability			Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	6,474.2		$	1,069.2		$	5,107.4		$	5,292.7		$	17,943.5
Expected future gross premiums	$	—		$	—		$	5,317.5		$	5,701.8		$	11,019.3
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	—		$	—		$	3,663.8		$	4,099.5		$	7,763.3
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	4.0		%	2.3		%	5.0		%	5.1		%	4.2%
Current discount rate	5.4		%	3.1		%	5.7		%	5.7		%	5.3%
Weighted average duration of the liability	4.3 years			2.7 years			18.2 years			9.6 years			6.9 years

62

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 7 - Liability for Future Policy Benefits - Continued

Unum International Segment

The following table presents the balances and changes in the reserves for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products in the Unum International segment.

	September 30
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	270.3	$	197.1
Beginning balance at original discount rate	298.4		246.8
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(5.9)		(5.1)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	15.1		12.2
Adjusted beginning of year balance	307.6		253.9
Issuances1	25.3		16.9
Interest accretion	8.7		6.9
Net premiums collected	(21.2)		(16.9)
Foreign currency	7.3		(0.1)
Ending balance at original discount rate	327.7		260.7
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(27.9)		(37.6)
Balance, end of period	$	299.8	$	223.1
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	2,527.4	$	2,231.4
Beginning balance at original discount rate	2,687.1		2,495.5
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	0.1		17.7
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(13.4)		(9.2)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	2,673.8		2,504.0
Issuances1	300.3		277.3
Interest accretion	51.3		47.7
Benefit payments	(326.4)		(307.5)
Foreign currency	121.0		19.6
Ending balance at original discount rate	2,820.0		2,541.1
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(214.9)		(297.1)
Balance, end of period	$	2,605.1	$	2,244.0
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	2,305.3	$	2,020.9
Other	43.1		30.3
Total liability for future policy benefits	2,348.4		2,051.2
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	78.0		69.4
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	2,270.4	$	1,981.8
1Issuances for Unum International primarily represent new claim incurrals.

63

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 7 - Liability for Future Policy Benefits - Continued

The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products in the Unum International segment presented in the rollforward activity above.

	Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	710.2	$	667.7
Interest accretion	$	42.6	$	40.8

	September 30
	2024			2023
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	4,536.2		$	4,012.8
Expected future gross premiums	$	1,335.6		$	1,035.7
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	854.1		$	676.8
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	4.1		%	4.0		%
Current discount rate	4.9		%	5.4		%
Weighted average duration of the liability	8.9 years			8.6 years

64

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 7 - Liability for Future Policy Benefits - Continued

Colonial Life Segment

The following table presents the balances and changes in the reserves for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products in the Colonial Life segment.

	September 30
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	3,592.6	$	3,745.4
Beginning balance at original discount rate	3,754.3		4,046.4
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(7.9)		(322.7)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(57.0)		(77.1)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	3,689.4		3,646.6
Issuances	417.2		421.7
Interest accretion	101.4		94.3
Net premiums collected	(455.5)		(454.0)
Ending balance at original discount rate	3,752.5		3,708.6
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(105.6)		(348.7)
Balance, end of period	$	3,646.9	$	3,359.9
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	5,566.0	$	5,581.1
Beginning balance at original discount rate	5,925.2		6,163.9
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(52.7)		(402.9)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(84.2)		(90.1)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	5,788.3		5,670.9
Issuances	455.1		461.1
Interest accretion	172.2		161.0
Benefit payments	(458.4)		(462.1)
Ending balance at original discount rate	5,957.2		5,830.9
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(303.5)		(731.9)
Balance, end of period	$	5,653.7	$	5,099.0
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	2,006.8	$	1,739.1
Other	25.1		24.3
Total liability for future policy benefits	2,031.9		1,763.4
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	1.5		0.9
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	2,030.4	$	1,762.5

65

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 7 - Liability for Future Policy Benefits - Continued

The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products in the Colonial Life segment presented in the rollforward activity above.

	Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	1,286.4	$	1,240.3
Interest accretion	$	70.8	$	66.7

	September 30
	2024			2023
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	10,242.2		$	9,568.2
Expected future gross premiums	$	12,450.4		$	11,847.5
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	8,948.9		$	8,684.1
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	4.4		%	4.3		%
Current discount rate	4.8		%	5.7		%
Weighted average duration of the liability	17.3 years			16.9 years

66

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 7 - Liability for Future Policy Benefits - Continued

Closed Block Segment

The following table presents the balances and changes in the reserves for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products in the Closed Block segment.

	September 30, 2024
	Long-term Care		All Other		Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	8,123.5	$	—	$	8,123.5
Beginning balance at original discount rate	7,703.6		—		7,703.6
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	145.5		—		145.5
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(32.6)		—		(32.6)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	7,816.5		—		7,816.5
Interest accretion	302.0		—		302.0
Net premiums collected	(462.3)		—		(462.3)
Ending balance at original discount rate	7,656.2		—		7,656.2
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	477.5		—		477.5
Balance, end of period	$	8,133.7	$	—	$	8,133.7
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	24,697.7	$	7,880.0	$	32,577.7
Beginning balance at original discount rate	22,649.3		8,094.6		30,743.9
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(4.1)		5.4		1.3
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	38.9		5.2		44.1
Adjusted beginning of year balance	22,684.1		8,105.2		30,789.3
Issuances1	—		82.3		82.3
Interest accretion	899.7		261.6		1,161.3
Benefit payments	(710.0)		(738.6)		(1,448.6)
Ending balance at original discount rate	22,873.8		7,710.5		30,584.3
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	1,927.3		(129.2)		1,798.1
Balance, end of period	$	24,801.1	$	7,581.3	$	32,382.4
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	16,667.4	$	7,581.3	$	24,248.7
Other2	(0.7)		1,556.5		1,555.8
Total liability for future policy benefits	16,666.7		9,137.8		25,804.5
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	4.2		7,171.4		7,175.6
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	16,662.5	$	1,966.4	$	18,628.9
1Issuances for Closed Block - All Other represents new claim incurrals.
2Other for Closed Block - All Other primarily includes our closed block group pension products and certain of our ceded closed block individual life products.

67

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 7 - Liability for Future Policy Benefits - Continued

	September 30, 2023
	Long-term Care		All Other		Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	6,412.6	$	—	$	6,412.6
Beginning balance at original discount rate	6,236.1		—		6,236.1
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	1,641.3		—		1,641.3
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	54.9		—		54.9
Adjusted beginning of year balance	7,932.3		—		7,932.3
Interest accretion	271.9		—		271.9
Net premiums collected	(438.1)		—		(438.1)
Ending balance at original discount rate	7,766.1		—		7,766.1
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(141.1)		—		(141.1)
Balance, end of period	$	7,625.0	$	—	$	7,625.0
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	21,199.9	$	8,218.8	$	29,418.7
Beginning balance at original discount rate	20,221.6		8,630.7		28,852.3
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	2,009.4		—		2,009.4
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	106.7		4.1		110.8
Adjusted beginning of year balance	22,337.7		8,634.8		30,972.5
Issuances1	—		101.2		101.2
Interest accretion	850.7		270.0		1,120.7
Benefit payments	(624.2)		(776.0)		(1,400.2)
Ending balance at original discount rate	22,564.2		8,230.0		30,794.2
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(579.3)		(687.0)		(1,266.3)
Balance, end of period	$	21,984.9	$	7,543.0	$	29,527.9
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	14,359.9	$	7,543.0	$	21,902.9
Other2	12.8		1,606.0		1,618.8
Total liability for future policy benefits	14,372.7		9,149.0		23,521.7
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	4.6		7,173.7		7,178.3
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	14,368.1	$	1,975.3	$	16,343.4
1Issuances for Closed Block - All Other represents new claim incurrals.
2Other for Closed Block - All Other primarily includes our closed block group pension products and certain of our ceded closed block individual life products.

68

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 7 - Liability for Future Policy Benefits - Continued

The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products in the Closed Block segment presented in the rollforward activity above.

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Long-term Care		All Other		Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	521.6	$	143.6	$	665.2
Interest accretion	$	597.7	$	261.6	$	859.3

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Long-term Care		All Other		Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	521.2	$	169.3	$	690.5
Interest accretion	$	578.8	$	270.0	$	848.8

	September 30, 2024
	Long-term Care			All Other			Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	60,339.0		$	11,281.4		$	71,620.4
Expected future gross premiums	$	13,968.7		$	—		$	13,968.7
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	8,103.6		$	—		$	8,103.6
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	5.6		%	4.6		%	5.2		%
Current discount rate	5.0		%	4.7		%	4.9		%
Weighted average duration of the liability	15.9 years			7.2 years			13.0 years

69

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 7 - Liability for Future Policy Benefits - Continued

	September 30, 2023
	Long-term Care			All Other			Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	61,672.0		$	12,109.6		$	73,781.6
Expected future gross premiums	$	14,678.9		$	—		$	14,678.9
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	8,311.0		$	—		$	8,311.0
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	5.6		%	4.6		%	5.2%
Current discount rate	5.8		%	5.7		%	5.8%
Weighted average duration of the liability	16.6 years			7.3 years			13.3 years

70

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 7 - Liability for Future Policy Benefits - Continued

Reconciliation

A reconciliation of the liability for future policy benefits reflected in the preceding rollforwards to the related liability balances in the consolidated balance sheets are as follows:

	September 30
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Liability for future policy benefits
Unum US1	$	9,026.9	$	8,930.0
Unum International	2,348.4		2,051.2
Colonial Life	2,031.9		1,763.4
Closed Block1	25,804.5		23,521.7
Other products1	232.8		236.1
Total liability for future policy benefits	$	39,444.5	$	36,502.4

1Unum US excludes dental & vision and medical stop-loss product lines and Closed Block excludes our participating fund account, which represents policies issued by one of our subsidiaries prior to its 1986 conversion from a mutual stock life insurance company. The liabilities associated with these products are included within Other products.

71

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 8 - Policyholders' Account Balances

Policyholders' account balances primarily include our universal life and corporate-owned life insurance products. Policyholders' account balances reflect customer deposits and interest credited less cost of insurance, administration expenses, surrender charges, and customer withdrawals.

The following table presents the balances and changes in the policyholders' account balances:

	September 30, 2024
	Unum US - Voluntary Benefits		Colonial Life		Closed Block - All Other		Total
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Balance, beginning of year	$	578.6	$	852.9	$	4,082.7	$	5,514.2
Premiums received	40.7		60.2		23.3		124.2
Policy charges1	(42.9)		(54.2)		(73.7)		(170.8)
Surrenders and withdrawals	(24.3)		(30.4)		(9.8)		(64.5)
Benefit payments	(4.8)		(6.0)		(157.1)		(167.9)
Interest credited	15.7		25.6		220.1		261.4
Other	7.6		0.2		0.8		8.6
Balance, end of period	570.6		848.3		4,086.3		5,505.2
Reserves in excess of account balance	104.4		14.5		37.2		156.1
Total policyholders' account balances	675.0		862.8		4,123.5		5,661.3
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to policyholders' account balances	0.8		—		4,123.5		4,124.3
Net policyholders' account balances, after reinsurance recoverable	$	674.2	$	862.8	$	—	$	1,537.0
Weighted average crediting rate	3.7%		4.1%		7.4%		6.5%
Net amount at risk2	$	4,210.4	$	8,325.0	$	1,698.7	$	14,234.1
Cash surrender value	$	560.4	$	817.1	$	4,062.7	$	5,440.2
1Contracts included in the policyholder account balances are generally charged a premium and/or monthly assessments on the basis of the account balance.
2For those guarantees of benefits that are payable in the event of death, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the current guaranteed minimum death benefit in excess of the current account balance at the balance sheet date.

72

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 8 - Policyholders' Account Balances - Continued

	September 30, 2023
	Unum US - Voluntary Benefits		Colonial Life		Closed Block - All Other		Total
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Balance, beginning of year	$	586.8	$	852.4	$	4,159.4	$	5,598.6
Premiums received	44.9		64.4		25.2		134.5
Policy charges1	(45.8)		(56.3)		(78.9)		(181.0)
Surrenders and withdrawals	(23.6)		(28.5)		(12.1)		(64.2)
Benefit payments	(7.5)		(5.6)		(191.0)		(204.1)
Interest credited	17.0		25.7		239.0		281.7
Other	6.7		(0.2)		24.3		30.8
Balance, end of period	578.5		851.9		4,165.9		5,596.3
Reserves in excess of account balance	99.2		16.6		32.4		148.2
Total policyholders' account balances	677.7		868.5		4,198.3		5,744.5
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to policyholders' account balances	1.0		—		4,198.3		4,199.3
Net policyholders' account balances, after reinsurance recoverable	$	676.7	$	868.5	$	—	$	1,545.2
Weighted average crediting rate	4.0%		4.1%		8.0%		6.9%
Net amount at risk2	$	4,600.0	$	8,901.6	$	1,807.1	$	15,308.7
Cash surrender value	$	568.9	$	810.1	$	4,033.4	$	5,412.4
1Contracts included in the policyholder account balances are generally charged a premium and/or monthly assessments on the basis of the account balance.
2For those guarantees of benefits that are payable in the event of death, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the current guaranteed minimum death benefit in excess of the current account balance at the balance sheet date.

73

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 8 - Policyholders' Account Balances - Continued

The balance of the account values by range of guaranteed minimum crediting rates and the related range of difference, in basis points, between rates being credited to policyholders and the respective guaranteed minimums is as follows.

	September 30, 2024
Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate	At Guaranteed Minimum		1 Basis Point - 50 Basis Points Above		51 Basis Points - 150 Basis Points Above		Greater than 150 Basis Points Above		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
	Unum US - Voluntary Benefits
3.00% - 3.99%	$	89.8	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	89.8
4.00% - 4.99%	220.2		193.6		35.8		—		449.6
5.00% - 6.00%	31.2		—		—		—		31.2
	341.2		193.6		35.8		—		570.6
	Colonial Life
4.00% - 5.00%	842.0		6.3		—		—		848.3
	Closed Block - All Other
3.00% - 5.99%	415.9		1,117.1		27.7		—		1,560.7
6.00% - 8.99%	1.3		25.6		—		—		26.9
9.00% - 11.99%	—		2,299.3		—		—		2,299.3
12.00% - 15.00%	—		199.4		—		—		199.4
	417.2		3,641.4		27.7		—		4,086.3
Total	$	1,600.4	$	3,841.3	$	63.5	$	—	$	5,505.2

74

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 8 - Policyholders' Account Balances - Continued

	September 30, 2023
Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate	At Guaranteed Minimum		1 Basis Point - 50 Basis Points Above		51 Basis Points - 150 Basis Points Above		Greater than 150 Basis Points Above		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
	Unum US - Voluntary Benefits
3.00% - 3.99%	$	91.6	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	91.6
4.00% - 4.99%	265.4		188.5		—		—		453.9
5.00% - 6.00%	33.0		—		—		—		33.0
	390.0		188.5		—		—		578.5
	Colonial Life
4.00% - 5.00%	845.8		6.1		—		—		851.9
	Closed Block - All Other
3.00% - 5.99%	431.3		1,181.2		27.1		—		1,639.6
6.00% - 8.99%	2.1		28.5		—		—		30.6
9.00% - 11.99%	398.4		1,914.7		—		—		2,313.1
12.00% - 15.00%	—		182.6		—		—		182.6
	831.8		3,307.0		27.1		—		4,165.9
Total	$	2,067.6	$	3,501.6	$	27.1	$	—	$	5,596.3

Note 9 - Deferred Acquisition Costs

During the third quarters of 2024 and 2023, we updated our policyholder lapse and mortality assumptions used to develop the future amortization for DAC for the Unum US voluntary benefits product line and the Colonial Life segment. These assumption updates were consistent with the related assumption updates for the liability for future policy benefits.

The following tables display the changes in DAC throughout the period:

	September 30, 2024
	Unum US		Unum International		Colonial Life		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year	$	1,232.2	$	46.9	$	1,435.4	$	2,714.5
Capitalization	247.4		13.2		234.7		495.3
Amortization expense	(216.7)		(7.3)		(163.9)		(387.9)
Foreign currency	—		1.6		—		1.6
Balance, end of period	$	1,262.9	$	54.4	$	1,506.2	$	2,823.5

75

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 9 - Deferred Acquisition Costs - Continued

	September 30, 2023
	Unum US		Unum International		Colonial Life		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year	$	1,185.1	$	37.0	$	1,337.9	$	2,560.0
Capitalization	230.6		10.8		226.1		467.5
Amortization expense	(199.2)		(6.1)		(153.4)		(358.7)
Foreign currency	—		(0.1)		—		(0.1)
Balance, end of period	$	1,216.5	$	41.6	$	1,410.6	$	2,668.7

	September 30, 2024
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Voluntary Benefits		Individual Disability		Dental and Vision		Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year	$	63.6	$	48.9	$	610.6	$	497.8	$	11.3	$	1,232.2
Capitalization	48.1		31.0		93.2		63.9		11.2		247.4
Amortization expense	(46.8)		(26.7)		(88.4)		(45.3)		(9.5)		(216.7)
Balance, end of period	$	64.9	$	53.2	$	615.4	$	516.4	$	13.0	$	1,262.9

	September 30, 2023
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Voluntary Benefits		Individual Disability		Dental and Vision		Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year	$	61.0	$	49.3	$	601.0	$	464.4	$	9.4	$	1,185.1
Capitalization	44.7		28.9		85.2		62.6		9.2		230.6
Amortization expense	(42.1)		(29.5)		(79.5)		(40.2)		(7.9)		(199.2)
Balance, end of period	$	63.6	$	48.7	$	606.7	$	486.8	$	10.7	$	1,216.5

76

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 10 - Segment Information

We have three principal operating business segments: Unum US, Unum International, and Colonial Life. Our other segments are Closed Block and Corporate.

Segment information is shown below.

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Premium Income
Unum US
Group Disability
Group Long-term Disability	$	522.1	$	518.5	$	1,560.3	$	1,539.3
Group Short-term Disability	271.3		256.5		810.7		753.0
Group Life and Accidental Death & Dismemberment
Group Life	447.8		423.0		1,337.9		1,254.3
Accidental Death & Dismemberment	47.1		44.1		139.3		131.2
Supplemental and Voluntary
Voluntary Benefits	219.3		209.5		665.1		637.4
Individual Disability	140.4		136.7		424.6		386.7
Dental and Vision	75.5		69.4		223.9		206.8
	1,723.5		1,657.7		5,161.8		4,908.7
Unum International
Unum UK
Group Long-term Disability	106.6		101.1		312.4		297.5
Group Life	58.8		44.2		156.3		124.5
Supplemental	41.4		34.6		125.1		99.9
Unum Poland	39.8		30.7		113.3		85.2
	246.6		210.6		707.1		607.1
Colonial Life
Accident, Sickness, and Disability	240.6		236.7		725.5		708.0
Life	113.1		106.2		342.6		318.1
Cancer and Critical Illness	88.2		88.3		266.9		265.2
	441.9		431.2		1,335.0		1,291.3
Closed Block
Long-term Care	173.7		172.1		521.5		521.2
All Other	43.1		54.3		140.9		166.0
	216.8		226.4		662.4		687.2
Total Premium Income	$	2,628.8	$	2,525.9	$	7,866.3	$	7,494.3

77

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 10 - Segment Information - Continued

	Unum US		Unum International		Colonial Life		Closed Block		Corporate		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Premium Income	$	1,723.5	$	246.6	$	441.9	$	216.8	$	—	$	2,628.8
Net Investment Income	161.0		30.4		39.6		284.3		12.5		527.8
Other Income	60.1		0.4		0.4		12.4		—		73.3
Adjusted Operating Revenue	$	1,944.6	$	277.4	$	481.9	$	513.5	$	12.5	$	3,229.9
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss)	$	363.3	$	40.3	$	113.4	$	34.2	$	(49.4)	$	501.8
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Premium Income	$	1,657.7	$	210.6	$	431.2	$	226.4	$	—	$	2,525.9
Net Investment Income	166.2		27.3		39.3		274.9		18.3		526.0
Other Income	58.0		0.5		0.3		12.8		—		71.6
Adjusted Operating Revenue	$	1,881.9	$	238.4	$	470.8	$	514.1	$	18.3	$	3,123.5
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss)	$	357.8	$	36.8	$	102.9	$	34.2	$	(41.5)	$	490.2

	Unum US		Unum International		Colonial Life		Closed Block		Corporate		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Premium Income	$	5,161.8	$	707.1	$	1,335.0	$	662.4	$	—	$	7,866.3
Net Investment Income	476.1		94.5		119.4		851.6		44.8		1,586.4
Other Income	178.9		1.2		3.6		37.7		1.1		222.5
Adjusted Operating Revenue	$	5,816.8	$	802.8	$	1,458.0	$	1,551.7	$	45.9	$	9,675.2
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss)	$	1,106.0	$	120.2	$	344.0	$	110.1	$	(140.8)	$	1,539.5
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Premium Income	$	4,908.7	$	607.1	$	1,291.3	$	687.2	$	—	$	7,494.3
Net Investment Income	481.5		104.0		114.6		796.0		69.8		1,565.9
Other Income	166.1		1.0		0.9		40.1		2.5		210.6
Adjusted Operating Revenue	$	5,556.3	$	712.1	$	1,406.8	$	1,523.3	$	72.3	$	9,270.8
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss)	$	1,013.4	$	118.7	$	312.3	$	143.6	$	(109.9)	$	1,478.1

78

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 10 - Segment Information - Continued

	September 30		December 31
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Unum US	$	15,365.4	$	15,561.1
Unum International	3,569.4		3,372.9
Colonial Life	4,994.2		4,830.4
Closed Block	35,527.4		35,272.8
Corporate	4,684.1		4,218.0
Total Assets	$	64,140.5	$	63,255.2

We measure and analyze our segment performance on the basis of "adjusted operating revenue" and "adjusted operating income" or "adjusted operating loss", which differ from total revenue and income before income tax as presented in our consolidated statements of income due to the exclusion of investment gains or losses, the amortization of the cost of reinsurance, the impact of non-contemporaneous reinsurance, and reserve assumption updates as well as certain other items as specified in the reconciliations below. We believe adjusted operating revenue and adjusted operating income or loss are better performance measures and better indicators of the revenue and profitability and underlying trends in our business. These performance measures are in accordance with GAAP guidance for segment reporting, but they should not be viewed as a substitute for total revenue, income before income tax, net income, or net loss. 

Investment gains or losses primarily include realized investment gains or losses, expected investment credit losses, and gains or losses on derivatives. Investment gains or losses depend on market conditions and do not necessarily relate to decisions regarding the underlying business of our segments. Our investment focus is on investment income to support our insurance liabilities as opposed to the generation of investment gains or losses. Although we may experience investment gains or losses which will affect future earnings levels, a long-term focus is necessary to maintain profitability over the life of the business since our underlying business is long-term in nature, and we need to earn the interest rates assumed in calculating our liabilities.

Cash flow assumptions used to calculate our liability for future policy benefits are reviewed at least annually and updated, as needed, with the resulting impact reflected in net income. While the effects of these assumption updates are recorded in the reporting period in which the review is completed, these updates reflect experience emergence and changes to expectations spanning multiple periods. We believe that by excluding the impact of reserve assumption updates we are providing a more comparable and consistent view of our quarterly results.

We exited a substantial portion of our Closed Block individual disability product line through the two phases of the reinsurance transaction that were executed in December 2020 and March 2021. As a result, we exclude the amortization of the cost of reinsurance that we recognized upon the exit of the business related to the policies on claim status as well as the impact of non-contemporaneous reinsurance that resulted from the adoption of ASU 2018-12. Due to the execution of the second phase of the reinsurance transaction occurring after January 1, 2021, the transition date of ASU 2018-12, in accordance with the provisions of the ASU related to non-contemporaneous reinsurance, we were required to establish the ceded reserves using an upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument as of the reinsurance transaction date in March 2021 which resulted in higher ceded reserves compared to that which was reported historically. However, the direct reserves for the block reinsured in the second phase were calculated using the original discount rate utilized as of the transition date. Both the direct and ceded reserves are then remeasured at each reporting period using a current discount rate reflective of an upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument, with the changes recognized in OCI. While the total equity impact is neutral, the different original discount rates utilized for direct and ceded reserves result in disproportionate earnings impacts. The impact of non-contemporaneous reinsurance will fluctuate depending on the magnitude of reserve changes during the period. We believe that the exclusion of these items provides a better view of our results from our ongoing businesses.

We may at other times exclude certain other items from our discussion of financial ratios and metrics in order to enhance the understanding and comparability of our operational performance and the underlying fundamentals, but this exclusion is not an indication that similar items may not recur and does not replace net income or net loss as a measure of our overall profitability.

79

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 10 - Segment Information - Continued

A reconciliation of total revenue to "adjusted operating revenue" and income before income tax to "adjusted operating income" is as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Total Revenue	$	3,217.0	$	3,092.5	$	9,650.7	$	9,240.8
Excluding:
Net Investment Loss	(12.9)		(31.0)		(24.5)		(30.0)
Adjusted Operating Revenue	$	3,229.9	$	3,123.5	$	9,675.2	$	9,270.8
Income Before Income Tax	$	814.6	$	261.7	$	1,805.8	$	1,211.4
Excluding:
Net Investment Loss	(12.9)		(31.0)		(24.5)		(30.0)
Amortization of the Cost of Reinsurance	(10.4)		(11.1)		(31.1)		(33.1)
Non-Contemporaneous Reinsurance	(6.0)		(9.2)		(20.2)		(26.4)
Reserve Assumption Updates	357.4		(177.2)		357.4		(177.2)
Loss on Legal Settlement	(15.3)		—		(15.3)		—
Adjusted Operating Income	$	501.8	$	490.2	$	1,539.5	$	1,478.1

80

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 11 - Employee Benefit Plans

Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit (OPEB) Plans

We sponsor several defined benefit pension and OPEB plans for our employees, including non-qualified pension plans. The U.S. qualified and non-qualified defined benefit pension plans comprise the majority of our total benefit obligation and benefit cost. We maintain a separate defined benefit plan for eligible employees in our U.K. operation. The U.S. defined benefit pension plans were closed to new entrants on December 31, 2013, the OPEB plan was closed to new entrants on December 31, 2012, and the U.K. plan was closed to new entrants on December 31, 2002.

The following table provides the components of the net periodic benefit cost (credit) for the defined benefit pension and OPEB plans.

	Three Months Ended September 30
	Pension Benefits
	U.S. Plans				U.K. Plan				OPEB
	2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Service Cost	$	2.3	$	2.3	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Interest Cost	20.7		22.0		1.9		1.9		1.0		1.1
Expected Return on Plan Assets	(22.8)		(23.0)		(2.1)		(2.1)		(0.1)		(0.2)
Amortization of:
Net Actuarial (Gain) Loss	3.7		3.8		0.7		0.6		(0.2)		(2.6)
Prior Service Credit	—		—		—		—		(0.1)		—
Total Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit)	$	3.9	$	5.1	$	0.5	$	0.4	$	0.6	$	(1.7)

	Nine Months Ended September 30
	Pension Benefits
	U.S. Plans				U.K. Plan				OPEB
	2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Service Cost	$	6.9	$	6.9	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Interest Cost	62.1		66.0		5.7		5.7		3.0		3.4
Expected Return on Plan Assets	(68.4)		(69.1)		(6.3)		(6.3)		(0.3)		(0.4)
Amortization of:
Net Actuarial (Gain) Loss	11.0		11.4		2.2		1.9		(0.8)		(7.9)
Prior Service Credit	—		—		—		—		(0.2)		(0.1)
Total Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit)	$	11.6	$	15.2	$	1.6	$	1.3	$	1.7	$	(5.0)

The service cost component of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit cost (credit) is included as a component of compensation expense in our consolidated statements of income. All other components of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit cost (credit) are included in other expenses.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 12 - Stockholders' Equity and Earnings Per Common Share

Earnings Per Common Share

Net income per common share is determined as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars, except share data)
Numerator
Net Income	$	645.7	$	202.0	$	1,430.4	$	953.2
Denominator (000s)
Weighted Average Common Shares - Basic	186,400.7		196,083.2		189,665.1		197,289.5
Dilution for Assumed Exercises of Nonvested Stock Awards	481.7		1,048.6		544.6		1,005.6
Weighted Average Common Shares - Assuming Dilution	186,882.4		197,131.8		190,209.7		198,295.1
Net Income Per Common Share
Basic	$	3.46	$	1.03	$	7.54	$	4.83
Assuming Dilution	$	3.46	$	1.02	$	7.52	$	4.81

We compute basic earnings per share by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. In computing earnings per share assuming dilution, we include potential common shares that are dilutive (those that reduce earnings per share). We use the treasury stock method to account for the effect of nonvested stock success units and nonvested restricted stock units on the computation of diluted earnings per share. Under this method, the potential common shares from nonvested stock success units and nonvested restricted stock units will each have a dilutive effect, as individually measured, when the average market price of Unum Group common stock during the period exceeds the grant price of the nonvested stock success units and nonvested restricted stock units. The outstanding nonvested stock success units and nonvested restricted stock units have grant prices ranging from $18.78 to $52.40. Potential common shares not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the impact would be antidilutive were zero and 0.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. There were a de minimis amount and 0.4 million potential common shares that were antidilutive for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

Common Stock

As part of our capital deployment strategy, we may repurchase shares of Unum Group's common stock, as authorized by our board of directors. The timing and amount of repurchase activity is based on market conditions and other considerations, including the level of available cash, alternative uses for cash, and our stock price.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 12 - Stockholders' Equity and Earnings Per Common Share - Continued

Our board of directors has authorized the following repurchase programs:

	July 2024 Authorization		October 2023 Authorization1		December 2022 Authorization2
	(in millions)
Effective Date	August 1, 2024		January 1, 2024		January 1, 2023
Expiration Date	None		July 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Authorized Repurchase Amount	$	1,000.0	$	500.0	$	250.0
Cost of Shares Repurchased Under Repurchase Program	35.8		464.2		250.0
Unused and Expired	—		35.8		—
Remaining Repurchase Amount at September 30, 2024	$	964.2	$	—	$	—

1Concurrent with the announcement of the July 2024 repurchase program, we also announced the termination of the October 2023 program as of July 31, 2024, and all unused amounts under that program expired as of that date.

2In February 2023, the December 2022 program was modified to increase the authorized repurchase amount from $200.0 million to $250.0 million.

In August 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act was signed into law in the U.S. and imposes a one percent excise tax on corporate stock repurchases effective January 1, 2023. This excise tax is recorded as part of the cost basis of treasury stock and is assessed on the fair market value of stock repurchases reduced by the fair market value of any shares issued during the period.

Common stock repurchases, which are accounted for using the cost method and classified as treasury stock until otherwise retired, were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions)
Shares Repurchased	3.7		1.5		9.7		3.9
Cost of Shares Repurchased1	$	202.0	$	74.8	$	504.8	$	175.4

1Includes a de minimis amount of commissions for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and a de minimis amount and $0.1 million of commissions for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. Also includes $2.0 million and $4.8 million of excise tax for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $0.7 million and $1.2 million of excise tax for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

As a part of our share repurchase program, we periodically enter into accelerated share repurchase agreements (ASR). Under the terms of these agreements, we make a prepayment to a financial counterparty for which we receive an initial delivery of approximately 75 percent of the total Unum Group common stock to be delivered under the agreement. We simultaneously enter into a forward contract indexed to the price of Unum Group common stock, which subjects the transactions to a future price adjustment. Under the terms of the agreements, we are to receive, or be required to pay, a price adjustment based on the volume weighted average price of Unum Group common stock during the term of the agreement, less a discount. Any price

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 12 - Stockholders' Equity and Earnings Per Common Share - Continued

adjustment payable to us is settled in shares of Unum Group common stock. Any price adjustment we would be required to pay may be settled in either cash or common stock at our option. Details of our ASRs are as follows:

Prepayment Date	Prepayment Amount	Initial Share Delivery	Forward Contract Settlement Date	Shares Delivered to Settle Forward Contract
(in millions)
October 2024	$150.0	1.9	December 2024	Not yet settled
July 2024	$150.0	2.2	September 2024	0.6
April 2024	$125.0	1.7	June 2024	0.7
January 2024	$100.0	1.6	March 2024	0.5
July 2023	$50.0	0.8	September 2023	0.2

Preferred Stock

Unum Group has 25.0 million shares of preferred stock authorized with a par value of $0.10 per share. No preferred stock has been issued to date.

Note 13 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

Commitments

See Notes 3 and 4 for further discussion on certain of our investment commitments.

Contingent Liabilities

We are a defendant in a number of litigation matters that have arisen in the normal course of business, including the matters discussed below. Further, state insurance regulatory authorities and other federal and state authorities regularly make inquiries and conduct investigations concerning our compliance with applicable insurance and other laws and regulations. Given the complexity and scope of our litigation and regulatory matters, it is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of all pending investigations or legal proceedings or provide reasonable estimates of potential losses, except if noted in connection with specific matters.

In some of these matters, no specified amount is sought. In others, very large or indeterminate amounts, including punitive and treble damages, are asserted. There is a wide variation of pleading practice permitted in the United States courts with respect to requests for monetary damages, including some courts in which no specified amount is required and others which allow the plaintiff to state only that the amount sought is sufficient to invoke the jurisdiction of that court. Further, some jurisdictions permit plaintiffs to allege damages well in excess of reasonably possible verdicts. Based on our extensive experience and that of others in the industry with respect to litigating or resolving claims through settlement over an extended period of time, we believe that the monetary damages asserted in a lawsuit or claim bear little relation to the merits of the case, or the likely disposition value. Therefore, the specific monetary relief sought is not stated.

Unless indicated otherwise, reserves have not been established for litigation and contingencies. An estimated loss is accrued when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.

Claim Handling Matters

We and our insurance subsidiaries, in the ordinary course of our business, are engaged in claim litigation where disputes arise as a result of a denial or termination of benefits. Most typically these lawsuits are filed on behalf of a single claimant or policyholder, and in some of these individual actions punitive damages are sought, such as claims alleging bad faith in the handling of insurance claims. For our general claim litigation, we maintain reserves based on experience to satisfy judgments and settlements in the normal course. We expect that the ultimate liability, if any, with respect to general claim litigation, after consideration of the reserves maintained, will not be material to our consolidated financial condition. Nevertheless, given the

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 13 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities - Continued

inherent unpredictability of litigation, it is possible that an adverse outcome in certain claim litigation involving punitive damages could, from time to time, have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations in a period, depending on the results of operations for the particular period.

From time to time class action allegations are pursued where the claimant or policyholder purports to represent a larger number of individuals who are similarly situated. Since each insurance claim is evaluated based on its own merits, there is rarely a single act or series of actions which can properly be addressed by a class action. Nevertheless, we monitor these cases closely and defend ourselves appropriately where these allegations are made.

Note 14 - Debt and Other

Debt

In June 2024, we issued $400.0 million of 6.000% senior notes due 2054. The notes are callable at or above par and rank equally in the right of payment with all of our other unsecured and unsubordinated debt. A portion of the net proceeds of the offering were used to repay the $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of outstanding indebtedness under our senior unsecured delayed draw term loan facility, which was terminated upon repayment.

Allowance for Expected Credit Losses on Premiums Receivable

At September 30, 2024, June 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, the allowance for expected credit losses on premiums receivable was $27.1 million, $26.8 million, and $29.5 million, respectively, on gross premiums receivable of $630.4 million, $659.8 million, and $612.4 million, respectively. The allowance for expected credit losses was generally consistent at September 30, 2024 compared to June 30, 2024. The decrease of $2.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was driven primarily by improvements in the age of gross premiums receivable.

At September 30, 2023, June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the allowance for expected credit losses on premiums receivable was $29.7 million, $28.7 million, and $32.5 million, respectively, on gross premiums receivable of $626.6 million $660.3 million, and $557.6 million, respectively. The increase in the allowance of $1.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023, was driven primarily by the increase in gross premiums receivable. The decrease of $2.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was driven primarily by improvements in the age of gross premiums receivable.

Loss on Legal Settlement

During the third quarter of 2024, we incurred a loss of $15.3 million within our Corporate segment for the settlement of an employment-related matter. $4.9 million of the loss is recorded within compensation expense and $10.4 million of the loss is recorded within other expenses within the consolidated statements of income.

P-Caps Trust

During November 2021, we entered into a 20-year facility agreement with a Delaware statutory trust (the P-Caps Trust), in connection with the sale by the P-Caps Trust of $400.0 million of pre-capitalized trust securities (P-Caps) in a Rule 144A private placement. The P-Caps Trust invested the proceeds from the sale of the P-Caps in a portfolio of principal and interest strips of U.S. Treasury securities (the Trust Assets). The facility agreement gave us the right to issue and require the P-Caps Trust to purchase, on one or more occasions, up to $400.0 million of our 4.046% senior notes due 2041 (the 2041 Senior Notes) in exchange for the Trust Assets. Under the facility agreement, we agreed to pay a semi-annual facility fee to the P-Caps Trust at a rate of 2.225% per year on the unexercised portion of the maximum amount of 2041 senior notes that we could issue and sell to the P-Caps Trust and to reimburse the P-Caps Trust for its expenses.

In October 2024, we exercised our issuance right in full under the facility agreement and issued $400.0 million of the 2041 Senior Notes to the P-Caps Trust in exchange for the Trust Assets, thereby triggering our recognition of the 2041 Senior Notes on our consolidated balance sheets. The Trust Assets had a fair value of $273.5 million when the 2041 Senior Notes were issued. We directed the trustee of the P-Caps Trust to dissolve the P-Caps Trust and to deliver the 2041 Senior Notes to the beneficial holders of the P-Caps pro rata in respect of each P-Cap. The 2041 Senior Notes are callable at or above par and rank

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

Unum Group and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2024

Note 14 - Debt and Other - Continued

equally in the right of payment with all of our other unsecured and unsubordinated debt. The net proceeds from the issuance of the 2041 Senior Notes and subsequent sale of the Trust Assets are expected to be used for future share repurchases.

We have an additional five-year, £75 million senior standby letter of credit facility pursuant to which a standby letter of credit was issued in favor of Unum Limited (as beneficiary), our U.K. insurance subsidiary, and is available for drawings up to £75.0 million until its scheduled expiration in December 2028. In connection with and as security for the senior standby letter of credit facility, we granted to the issuer of the standby letter of credit the right to exercise, if an event of default occurred and was continuing, the issuance right under the facility agreement with the P-Caps Trust, up to a maximum of $200.0 million. In October 2024, prior to our exercise of the issuance right under the facility agreement, the assigned issuance right was forfeited in its entirety.

For further information see "Liquidity and Capital Resources - Debt, Term Loan Facility, Credit Facilities and Other Sources of Liquidity" in Part I, Item 2.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page
Executive Summary	88
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP and Other Financial Measures	93
Critical Accounting Estimates	95
Accounting Developments	95
Consolidated Operating Results	96
Segment Results	98
Unum US Segment	98
Unum International Segment	108
Colonial Life Segment	114
Closed Block Segment	117
Corporate Segment	120
Investments	121
Liquidity and Capital Resources	128

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Executive Summary

Unum Group, a Delaware general business corporation, and its insurance and non-insurance subsidiaries, which collectively with Unum Group we refer to as the Company, operate in the United States, the United Kingdom, Poland, and, to a limited extent, in certain other countries. The principal operating subsidiaries in the United States are Unum Life Insurance Company of America (Unum America), Provident Life and Accident Insurance Company, The Paul Revere Life Insurance Company, Colonial Life & Accident Insurance Company, Unum Insurance Company, Starmount Life Insurance Company, in the United Kingdom, Unum Limited, and in Poland, Unum Zycie TUiR S.A. (Unum Poland). We are a leading provider of financial protection benefits in the United States and the United Kingdom. Our products include disability, life, accident, critical illness, dental and vision, and other related services. We market our products primarily through the workplace.

We have three principal operating business segments: Unum US, Unum International, and Colonial Life. Our other segments are the Closed Block and Corporate segments. These segments are discussed more fully under "Segment Results" included herein in this Item 2.

The benefits we provide help the working world thrive throughout life's moments and protect people from the financial hardship of illness, injury, or loss of life. As a leading provider of employee benefits, we offer a broad portfolio of products and services through the workplace that provide support when it is needed most.

Specifically, we offer group, individual, voluntary, and dental and vision products as well as provide certain fee-based services. These products and services, which can be sold stand-alone or combined with other coverages, help employers of all sizes attract and retain the talented and capable workforce they need to succeed while protecting the incomes and livelihood of their employees. We believe employer-sponsored benefits are the most effective way to provide workers with access to information and options to protect their financial stability. Working people and their families, particularly those at lower and middle incomes, are perhaps the most vulnerable in today's economy yet are often overlooked by many providers of financial products and services. For many of these workers and families, employer-sponsored benefits are the primary defense against the potentially catastrophic financial impact of death, illness, or injury.

We have established a corporate culture consistent with the social value of our products and services. Because we see important links between the obligations we have to all of our stakeholders, we place a strong emphasis on operating with integrity and contributing to positive change in our communities. Accordingly, we are committed not only to meeting the needs of our customers who depend on us, but also to being accountable for our actions through sound and consistent business practices, a strong internal compliance program, a comprehensive risk management strategy, and an engaged employee workforce.

This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in Part I, Item 1 contained in this Form 10-Q and with the "Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" included below the Table of Contents, as well as the discussion, analysis, and consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in Part I, Items 1 and 1A, and Part II, Items 7, 7A, and 8 of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Operating Performance and Capital Management

For the third quarter of 2024, we reported net income of $645.7 million, or $3.46 per diluted common share, compared to net income of $202.0 million, or $1.02 per diluted common share, in the third quarter of 2023. For the first nine months of 2024, we reported net income of $1,430.4 million, or $7.52 per diluted common share, compared to net income of $953.2 million, or $4.81 per diluted common share in the same period of 2023.

Included in our results for the third quarter of 2024 are:

•A net investment loss of $12.9 million before tax and $9.8 million after tax, or $0.05 per diluted common share;

•Amortization of the cost of reinsurance of $10.4 million before tax and $8.2 million after tax, or $0.04 per diluted common share;

•Non-contemporaneous reinsurance of $6.0 million before tax and $4.8 million after tax, or $0.03 per diluted common share;

•A net reserve decrease related to assumption updates of $357.4 million before tax and $282.6 million after tax, or $1.51 per diluted common share; and

•A loss resulting from a legal settlement of $15.3 million before tax and $12.1 million after tax, or $0.06 per diluted common share.

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Included in our results for the first nine months of 2024 are:

•A net investment loss of $24.5 million before tax and $18.8 million after tax, or $0.10 per diluted common share;

•Amortization of the cost of reinsurance of $31.1 million before tax and $24.6 million after tax, or $0.13 per diluted common share;

•Non-contemporaneous reinsurance of $20.2 million before tax and $16.0 million after tax, or $0.08 per diluted common share;

•A net reserve decrease related to assumption updates of $357.4 million before tax and $282.6 million after tax, or $1.48 per diluted common share; and

•A loss resulting from a legal settlement of $15.3 million before tax and $12.1 million after tax, or $0.06 per diluted common share.

Included in our results for the third quarter of 2023 are:

•A net investment loss of $31.0 million before tax and $24.4 million after tax, or $0.13 per diluted common share;

•Amortization of the cost of reinsurance of $11.1 million before tax and $8.7 million after tax, or $0.04 per diluted common share;

•Non-contemporaneous reinsurance of $9.2 million before tax and $7.3 million after tax, or $0.04 per diluted common share; and

•A net reserve increase related to assumption updates of $177.2 million before tax and $139.3 million after tax, or $0.71 per diluted common share.

Included in our results for the first nine months of 2023 are:

•A net investment loss of $30.0 million before tax and $23.6 million after tax, or $0.12 per diluted common share;

•Amortization of the cost of reinsurance $33.1 million before tax and $26.1 million after tax, or $0.13 per diluted common share;

•Non-contemporaneous reinsurance of $26.4 million before tax and $20.9 million after tax, or $0.11 per diluted common share; and

•A net reserve increase related to assumption updates of $177.2 million before tax and $139.3 million after tax, or $0.70 per diluted common share.

Excluding these items, after-tax adjusted operating income for the third quarter of 2024 was $398.0 million, or $2.13 per diluted common share compared to $381.7 million, or $1.94 per diluted common share, for the same period of 2023. After-tax adjusted operating income was $1,219.3 million, or $6.41 per diluted common share, in the first nine months of 2024, compared to $1,163.1 million, or $5.87 per diluted common share, in the first nine months of 2023. See "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP and Other Financial Measures" contained herein in this Item 2 for a reconciliation of these items.

Our Unum US segment reported income before income tax and net investment gains and losses of $506.9 million and $1,249.6 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024, respectively, compared to $486.6 million and $1,142.2 million in the same periods of 2023, which includes the reserve assumption updates that occurred during the third quarters of 2024 and 2023. Excluding these items, our Unum US segment reported adjusted operating income of $363.3 million and $1,106.0 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024, respectively, compared to $357.8 million and $1,013.4 million in the same periods of 2023, due to favorable benefits experience primarily in our group life product line as well as an increase in premium income, partially offset by higher commissions. Also impacting the comparison for the third quarter of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 was unfavorable benefits experience in our group disability product line. The benefit ratio, excluding the reserve assumption updates, for our Unum US segment was 58.5 percent and 57.8 percent in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024, respectively, compared to 59.1 percent and 59.9 percent in third quarter and first nine months of 2023, respectively. Unum US sales decreased 9.7 percent and 2.7 percent in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2023.

Our Unum International segment reported income before income tax and net investment gains and losses of $32.8 million and $112.7 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024, respectively, compared to $18.9 million and $100.8 million in the same periods of 2023, which includes the reserve assumption updates during the third quarters of 2024 and 2023. Excluding these items, our Unum International segment reported adjusted operating income of $40.3 million and $120.2 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024, compared to $36.8 million and $118.7 million in the same periods of 2023. Our Unum UK line of business reported adjusted operating income, which excludes the reserve assumption updates, of £29.5 million in the third quarter of 2024 compared to £28.4 million in the same period of 2023, primarily due to higher premium

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income as well as higher net investment income, partially offset by unfavorable benefits experience. Our Unum UK line of business reported adjusted operating income of £90.2 million in the first nine months of 2024, compared to £93.7 million in the same period of 2023, primarily due to lower net investment income and higher operating expenses, partially offset by higher premium income. The benefit ratio for our Unum UK line of business, excluding the reserve assumption updates, was 69.5 percent and 69.0 percent in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024, respectively, compared to 67.4 percent and 69.4 percent in the same periods of 2023. Unum International sales, as measured in U.S. dollars, increased 26.5 percent and 8.4 percent in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2023. Unum UK sales, as measured in local currency, increased 26.9 percent and 6.9 percent in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2023.

Our Colonial Life segment reported income before income tax and net investment gains and losses of $159.4 million and $390.0 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024, respectively, compared to $183.6 million and $393.0 million in the same periods of 2023, which includes the reserve assumption updates during the third quarters of 2024 and 2023. Excluding these items, our Colonial Life segment reported adjusted operating income of $113.4 million and $344.0 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024, compared to $102.9 million and $312.3 million in the same periods of 2023, primarily due to higher premium income and favorable benefits experience, partially offset by higher commissions. Also impacting the comparison for the first nine months of 2024 is higher amortization of deferred acquisition costs. The benefit ratio, excluding the reserve assumption updates, for Colonial Life was 47.6 percent and 48.0 percent in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024, respectively, compared to 49.1 percent and 50.2 percent in the same periods of 2023. Colonial Life sales decreased 0.3 percent and 0.9 percent in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2023.

Our Closed Block segment reported income before income tax and net investment gains and losses of $193.1 million and $234.1 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024, respectively, compared to a loss before income tax and net investment gains and losses of $354.9 million and $284.7 million in the same periods of 2023, all of which include the amortization of the cost of reinsurance and the impact of non-contemporaneous reinsurance related to the Closed Block individual disability reinsurance transaction, as well as the reserve assumption updates during the third quarters of 2024 and 2023. Excluding these items, our Closed Block segment reported adjusted operating income of $34.2 million in the third quarter of 2024, consistent with the same period of 2023, due primarily to an increase in net investment income, offset by lower premium income. Our Closed Block segment reported adjusting operating income of $110.1 million in the first nine months of 2024, compared to $143.6 million in the same period of 2023, due primarily to higher benefits in the long-term care product line and lower premium income, partially offset by an increase in net investment income. The net premium ratio for long-term care increased to 94.5 percent at September 30, 2024 from 93.4 percent at September 30, 2023.

A rising interest rate environment could positively impact our yields on new investments, but could also increase unrealized losses in our current holdings. Alternatively, a declining interest rate environment could negatively impact our yields on new investments, but could also reduce unrealized losses in our current holdings. As of September 30, 2024, we do not hold any securities with a decline in fair value below amortized cost which we intend to sell nor any securities for which it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell before recovery in amortized cost. The net unrealized loss on our fixed maturity securities was $1.0 billion at September 30, 2024, compared to $1.6 billion at December 31, 2023, with the decrease due primarily to a decrease in U.S. Treasury rates. The earned book yield on our investment portfolio was 4.41 percent for the first nine months of 2024 compared to a yield of 4.45 percent for full year 2023.

Additionally, a rising interest rate environment could result in reserve decreases while a declining interest rate environment could result in reserve increases, specific to our liability for future policy benefits, as the reserve discount rate assumptions used in the calculation of our liability are updated at each reporting date using a yield that is reflective of an upper-medium grade fixed income instrument, which is generally equivalent to a single-A interest rate matched to the duration of certain of our insurance liabilities. The discount rate assumptions on the liability for future policy benefits, net of reinsurance, as of September 30, 2024, were generally consistent with those as of December 31, 2023.

We believe our capital and financial positions are strong. At September 30, 2024, the risk-based capital (RBC) ratio for our traditional U.S. insurance subsidiaries, calculated on a weighted average basis using the NAIC Company Action Level formula, was approximately 470 percent, which is above our long-term expectation. We repurchased 9.7 million shares and 3.9 million shares of Unum Group common stock under our share repurchase program, during the first nine months of 2024 and 2023, respectively, at a cost of $504.8 million and $175.4 million, respectively, including commissions and excise tax. Our weighted average common shares outstanding, assuming dilution, equaled 186.9 million and 197.1 million for the third quarters of 2024 and 2023, respectively, and 190.2 million and 198.3 million for the first nine months of 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of September 30, 2024, Unum Group and our intermediate holding companies had available holding company liquidity of

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$1,393.0 million that was held primarily in bank deposits, commercial paper, money market funds, corporate bonds, municipal bonds and asset backed securities. See Note 12 of the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" contained herein in Item 1.

2024 and 2023 Reserve Assumption Updates

During the third quarters of 2024 and 2023, we completed our annual cash flow assumption review which resulted in the following impacts to net income as a result of updating certain assumptions related to the liability for future policy benefits:

	Three and Nine Months Ended September 30
	(in millions of dollars)
	2024		2023
Unum US
Group Disability	$	90.0	$	121.0
Group Life and Accidental Death and Dismemberment	13.0		—
Voluntary Benefits	(12.2)		10.4
Individual Disability	52.8		(2.6)
Total Unum US	143.6		128.8
Unum International	(7.5)		(17.9)
Colonial Life	46.0		80.7
Closed Block
Long-term Care	174.1		(368.1)
Closed Block - All Other	1.2		(0.7)
Total Closed Block	175.3		(368.8)
Cash Flow Assumption Update Impacts to Income Before Income Tax	$	357.4	$	(177.2)
Cash Flow Assumption Update Impacts to Net Income	$	282.6	$	(139.3)

2024 Significant Cash Flow Assumption Updates:

The cash flow assumption updates in our Unum US group long-term disability product line reduced our liability for future policy benefits by $90.0 million, due primarily to claim resolution assumptions driven by favorable claim recovery trends.

The cash flow assumption updates in our Unum US individual disability product line reduced our liability for future policy benefits by $52.8 million, due primarily to favorable claim incidence trends.

The cash flow assumption updates in our Colonial Life segment reduced our liability for future policy benefits by $46.0 million, due primarily to improved claim cost assumptions.

The cash flow assumption updates in our Closed Block segment were primarily driven by the long-term care product line which reduced our liability for future policy benefits by $174.1 million, due primarily to an increase to expected premium rate increase approvals within our existing premium rate increase program, partially offset by lower than expected persistency on group policies.

2023 Significant Cash Flow Assumption Updates:

The cash flow assumption updates in our Unum US group long-term disability product line reduced our liability for future policy benefits by $121.0 million, due primarily to sustained improvement in claim recovery trends.

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The cash flow assumption updates in our Colonial Life segment reduced our liability for future policy benefits by $80.7 million, due primarily to improvement in certain of our claim cost assumptions and increased policyholder lapse rates.

The cash flow assumption updates in our Closed Block segment were primarily driven by the long-term care product line which increased our liability for future policy benefits by $368.1 million, due primarily to lower expectations for active policy lapse and mortality assumptions, partially offset by an increase to expected premium rate increase approvals within our existing premium rate increase program.

Loss on Legal Settlement

During the third quarter of 2024, we incurred a loss of $15.3 million before tax, or $12.1 million after tax, within our Corporate segment for the settlement of an employment-related matter. $4.9 million of the loss is recorded within compensation expense and $10.4 million of the loss is recorded within other expenses in the consolidated statements of income.

Inflation Reduction Act

In August 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) was signed into law in the U.S. and includes certain corporate tax provisions effective January 1, 2023. The IRA imposes a new 15 percent corporate alternative minimum tax (CAMT) on adjusted financial statement income (AFSI) on corporations that have average AFSI over $1.0 billion in any prior three-year period. Our company is an applicable corporation, but we have not recorded any CAMT for the third quarter or first nine months of 2024 and 2023. We do not expect that any CAMT incurred would impact earnings since it would be offset with a credit toward regular income tax in subsequent years. The IRA also imposes a one percent excise tax on the fair market value of corporate stock repurchases after December 31, 2022. This excise tax is recorded as part of the cost basis of treasury stock and is assessed on the fair market value of stock repurchases, reduced by the fair value of any shares issued during the period. We have recorded $2.0 million and $0.7 million of excise tax in stockholders' equity, as part of the cost basis of treasury stock, for the third quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $4.8 million and $1.2 million for the first nine months of 2024 and 2023, respectively.

U.K. Tax Law Change

In June 2021, the Finance Act 2021 was enacted, resulting in a U.K. tax rate increase from 19 percent to 25 percent, effective April 1, 2023.

Global Minimum Tax

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has established model rules to ensure a minimum level of tax of 15 percent (Pillar Two) for multinational companies. Several jurisdictions, including the United Kingdom and Ireland, have adopted Pillar Two beginning on or after December 31, 2023. We have not recorded Pillar Two taxes as of September 30, 2024, and we do not expect material impacts in 2024. We will continue to monitor legislative developments and refine our estimates as necessary.

Consolidated Company Outlook

We believe our strategy of providing financial protection products at the workplace puts us in a position of strength. We continue to fulfill our corporate purpose of helping the working world thrive throughout life’s moments by providing excellent service to people at their time of need. Our strategy remains centered on growing our core businesses, through investing and transforming our operations and technology to anticipate and respond to the changing needs of our customers, expanding into new adjacent markets through meaningful partnerships and effective deployment of our capital across our portfolio.

In 2023, we experienced increased earnings driven by the underlying strength of our business and expect positive operating trends in our core businesses to continue in 2024. The products and services we provide deliver significant value to employers, employees and their families, and we believe this will help drive sales and premium growth in 2024.

A rising interest rate environment could continue to positively impact our yields on new investments, but could also continue to create unrealized losses in our current holdings. A declining interest rate environment could negatively impact our yields on new investments but could also reduce unrealized losses in our current holdings. We also may continue to experience further volatility in miscellaneous investment income primarily related to changes in partnership net asset values as well as bond calls.

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As part of our discipline in pricing and reserving, we continuously monitor emerging claim trends and interest rates. We will continue to take appropriate pricing actions on new business and renewals that are reflective of the current environment and may continue to utilize derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate risk.

Our business is well-diversified by geography within our markets, industry exposures and case size, and we continue to analyze and employ strategies that we believe will help us navigate the current environment. These strategies allow us to maintain financial flexibility to support the needs of our businesses, while also returning capital to our shareholders. We have strong core businesses that have a track record of generating significant free cash flow, and we will continue to invest in our operations and expand into adjacent markets where we can best leverage our expertise and capabilities to capture market growth opportunities as those opportunities emerge. We believe that consistent operating results, combined with the implementation of strategic initiatives and the effective deployment of capital, will allow us to meet our financial objectives.

Further discussion is included in the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" contained herein in Item 1 and in "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP and Other Financial Measures," "Consolidated Operating Results," "Segment Results," "Investments," and "Liquidity and Capital Resources" contained herein in this Item 2.

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP and Other Financial Measures

We analyze our performance using non-GAAP financial measures. A non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a company's performance, financial position, or cash flows that excludes or includes amounts that are not normally excluded or included in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The non-GAAP financial measure of "after-tax adjusted operating income" differs from net income as presented in our consolidated operating results and income statements prepared in accordance with GAAP due to the exclusion of investment gains or losses, the amortization of the cost of reinsurance, the impact of non-contemporaneous reinsurance, and reserve assumption updates as well as certain other items as specified in the reconciliations below. Investment gains or losses primarily include realized investment gains or losses, expected investment credit losses, and gains or losses on derivatives. We believe after-tax adjusted operating income is a better performance measure and better indicator of the profitability and underlying trends in our business.

Investment gains or losses depend on market conditions and do not necessarily relate to decisions regarding the underlying business of our segments. Our investment focus is on investment income to support our insurance liabilities as opposed to the generation of investment gains or losses. Although we may experience investment gains or losses which will affect future earnings levels, a long-term focus is necessary to maintain profitability over the life of the business since our underlying business is long-term in nature, and we need to earn the interest rates assumed in calculating our liabilities.

Cash flow assumptions used to calculate our liability for future policy benefits are reviewed at least annually and updated, as needed, with the resulting impact reflected in net income. While the effects of these assumption updates are recorded in the reporting period in which the review is completed, these updates reflect experience emergence and changes to expectations spanning multiple periods. We believe that by excluding the impact of reserve assumption updates we are providing a more comparable and consistent view of our quarterly results.

We exited a substantial portion of our Closed Block individual disability product line through the two phases of the reinsurance transaction that were executed in December 2020 and March 2021. As a result, we exclude the amortization of the cost of reinsurance that we recognized upon the exit of the business related to the policies on claim status as well as the impact of non-contemporaneous reinsurance that resulted from the adoption of ASU 2018-12. Due to the execution of the second phase of the reinsurance transaction occurring after January 1, 2021, the transition date of ASU 2018-12, in accordance with the provisions of the ASU related to non-contemporaneous reinsurance, we were required to establish the ceded reserves using an upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument as of the reinsurance transaction date in March 2021 which resulted in higher ceded reserves compared to that which was reported historically. However, the direct reserves for the block reinsured in the second phase were calculated using the original discount rate utilized as of the transition date. Both the direct and ceded reserves are then remeasured at each reporting period using a current discount rate reflective of an upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument, with the changes recognized in OCI. While the total equity impact is neutral, the different original discount rates utilized for direct and ceded reserves result in disproportionate earnings impacts. The impact of non-contemporaneous reinsurance will fluctuate depending on the magnitude of reserve changes during the period. We believe that the exclusion of these items provides a better view of our results from our ongoing businesses.

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We may at other times exclude certain other items from our discussion of financial ratios and metrics in order to enhance the understanding and comparability of our operational performance and the underlying fundamentals, but this exclusion is not an indication that similar items may not recur and does not replace net income or net loss as a measure of our overall profitability.

See "Executive Summary" contained herein in Item 2 and Notes 7 and 14 of the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" contained herein in Item 1 for further discussion regarding the items specified in the reconciliations below.

A reconciliation of GAAP financial measures to our non-GAAP financial measures is as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30
	2024				2023
	(in millions)		per share *		(in millions)		per share *
Net Income	$	645.7	$	3.46	$	202.0	$	1.02
Excluding:
Net Investment Loss (net of tax benefit of $3.1; $6.6)	(9.8)		(0.05)		(24.4)		(0.13)
Amortization of the Cost of Reinsurance (net of tax benefit of $2.2; $2.4)	(8.2)		(0.04)		(8.7)		(0.04)
Non-Contemporaneous Reinsurance (net of tax benefit of $1.2; $1.9)	(4.8)		(0.03)		(7.3)		(0.04)
Reserve Assumption Updates (net of tax expense (benefit) of $74.8; $(37.9))	282.6		1.51		(139.3)		(0.71)
Loss on Legal Settlement (net of tax benefit of $3.2; $—)	(12.1)		(0.06)		—		—
After-tax Adjusted Operating Income	$	398.0	$	2.13	$	381.7	$	1.94
*Assuming Dilution

	Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024				2023
	(in millions)		per share *		(in millions)		per share *
Net Income	$	1,430.4	$	7.52	$	953.2	$	4.81
Excluding:
Net Investment Loss (net of tax benefit of $5.7; $6.4)	(18.8)		(0.10)		(23.6)		(0.12)
Amortization of the Cost of Reinsurance (net of tax benefit of $6.5; $7.0)	(24.6)		(0.13)		(26.1)		(0.13)
Non-Contemporaneous Reinsurance (net of tax benefit of $4.2; $5.5)	(16.0)		(0.08)		(20.9)		(0.11)
Reserve Assumption Updates (net of tax expense (benefit) of $74.8; $(37.9))	282.6		1.48		(139.3)		(0.70)
Loss on Legal Settlement (net of tax benefit of $3.2; $—)	(12.1)		(0.06)		—		—
After-tax Adjusted Operating Income	$	1,219.3	$	6.41	$	1,163.1	$	5.87
* Assuming Dilution

We measure and analyze our segment performance on the basis of "adjusted operating revenue" and "adjusted operating income" or "adjusted operating loss", which differ from total revenue and income before income tax as presented in our consolidated statements of income due to the exclusion of investment gains and losses, the amortization of the cost of reinsurance, the impact of non-contemporaneous reinsurance, and reserve assumption updates as well as certain other items as specified in the reconciliations below. These performance measures are in accordance with GAAP guidance for segment reporting, but they should not be viewed as a substitute for total revenue, income before income tax, or net income.

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A reconciliation of total revenue to "adjusted operating revenue" and income before income tax to "adjusted operating income" is as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Total Revenue	$	3,217.0	$	3,092.5	$	9,650.7	$	9,240.8
Excluding:
Net Investment Loss	(12.9)		(31.0)		(24.5)		(30.0)
Adjusted Operating Revenue	$	3,229.9	$	3,123.5	$	9,675.2	$	9,270.8
Income Before Income Tax	$	814.6	$	261.7	$	1,805.8	$	1,211.4
Excluding:
Net Investment Loss	(12.9)		(31.0)		(24.5)		(30.0)
Amortization of the Cost of Reinsurance	(10.4)		(11.1)		(31.1)		(33.1)
Non-Contemporaneous Reinsurance	(6.0)		(9.2)		(20.2)		(26.4)
Reserve Assumption Updates	357.4		(177.2)		357.4		(177.2)
Loss on Legal Settlement	(15.3)		—		(15.3)		—
Adjusted Operating Income	$	501.8	$	490.2	$	1,539.5	$	1,478.1

Critical Accounting Estimates

We prepare our financial statements in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in our financial statements and accompanying notes. Estimates and assumptions could change in the future as more information becomes known, which could impact the amounts reported and disclosed in our financial statements.

The accounting estimates deemed to be most critical to our financial position and results of operations are those related to the liability for future policy benefits, fair value of investments, pension and postretirement benefit plans, income taxes, and contingent liabilities. There have been no significant changes in our critical accounting estimates during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

For additional information, refer to our significant accounting policies in Note 1 of the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" in Part II, Item 8, and "Critical Accounting Estimates" in Part II, Item 7 of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Accounting Developments

For information on new accounting standards and the impact, if any, on our financial position or results of operations, see Note 2 of the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" contained herein in Item 1 for further information.

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Consolidated Operating Results

(in millions of dollars)
	Three Months Ended September 30						Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		% Change		2023		2024		% Change		2023
Revenue
Premium Income	$	2,628.8	4.1	%	$	2,525.9	$	7,866.3	5.0	%	$	7,494.3
Net Investment Income	527.8		0.3		526.0		1,586.4		1.3		1,565.9
Net Investment Loss	(12.9)		(58.4)		(31.0)		(24.5)		(18.3)		(30.0)
Other Income	73.3		2.4		71.6		222.5		5.7		210.6
Total Revenue	3,217.0		4.0		3,092.5		9,650.7		4.4		9,240.8
Benefits and Expenses
Policy Benefits	1,864.6		4.8		1,778.6		5,624.2		2.3		5,498.6
Policy Benefits - Remeasurement Loss (Gain)	(402.7)		N.M.		168.4		(567.5)		N.M.		(61.6)
Commissions	315.1		8.8		289.7		947.8		9.0		869.7
Interest and Debt Expense	49.2		1.2		48.6		148.6		2.1		145.6
Deferral of Acquisition Costs	(163.3)		6.5		(153.3)		(495.3)		5.9		(467.5)
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs	133.8		3.6		129.1		387.9		8.1		358.7
Compensation Expense	294.2		(1.2)		297.9		895.9		3.3		867.3
Other Expenses	311.5		14.6		271.8		903.3		10.3		818.6
Total Benefits and Expenses	2,402.4		(15.1)		2,830.8		7,844.9		(2.3)		8,029.4
Income Before Income Tax	814.6		N.M.		261.7		1,805.8		49.1		1,211.4
Income Tax Expense	168.9		182.9		59.7		375.4		45.4		258.2
Net Income	$	645.7	N.M.		$	202.0	$	1,430.4	50.1		$	953.2
N.M. = not a meaningful percentage

Fluctuations in exchange rates, particularly between the British pound sterling and the U.S. dollar for our U.K. operations, have an effect on our consolidated financial results. In periods when the pound weakens relative to the preceding period, translating pounds into dollars decreases current period results relative to the prior period. In periods when the pound strengthens, translating pounds into dollars increases current period results relative to the prior period.

The weighted average pound/dollar exchange rate for our Unum UK line of business was 1.312 and 1.281 for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, and 1.278 and 1.243 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. If the 2023 results for our U.K. operations had been translated at the weighted average exchange rates of 2024, our adjusted operating revenue would have been higher by approximately $7 million and $16 million, respectively, in the third quarter and first nine months of 2023 and our adjusted operating income would have been higher by approximately $2 million and $3 million, respectively, for the third quarter and first nine months of 2023. However, it is important to distinguish between translating and converting foreign currency. Except for a limited number of transactions, we do not actually convert pounds into dollars. As a result, we view foreign currency translation as a financial reporting item and not a reflection of operations or profitability in the U.K.

Premium income increased in each of our principal operating segments in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023, primarily due to favorable persistency and higher prior period sales. Premium income continues to decline, as expected, in our Closed Block segment.

Net investment income in the third quarter of 2024 was generally consistent compared to the same period of 2023 due primarily to an increase in the level of invested assets, partially offset by lower yield on invested assets and lower investment income from inflation index-linked bonds held by Unum UK. Net investment income was slightly higher in the first nine months of

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2024 compared to the same period of 2023 due primarily to an increase in the level of invested assets and higher miscellaneous investment income, primarily related to larger increases in the net asset value (NAV) on our private equity partnerships, partially offset by lower investment income from inflation index-linked bonds held by Unum UK.

Our investment gains and losses on fixed maturity securities include net losses on sales of $7.4 million and $37.0 million in the third quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $28.6 million and $47.0 million in the first nine months of 2024 and 2023, respectively. Credit and impairment losses on fixed maturity securities were $1.5 million and $5.6 million during the third quarter and first nine months of 2024, respectively. We did not recognize any credit or impairment losses on fixed maturity securities during the third quarter or first nine months of 2023. Also included in net investment gains and losses were changes in the fair value of an embedded derivative in a modified coinsurance arrangement, which resulted in an investment loss of $0.8 million in the third quarter of 2024 and an investment gain of $9.2 million in the third quarter of 2023, respectively, and investment gains of $6.1 million and $14.7 million in the first nine months of 2024 and 2023, respectively. The changes in the embedded derivative are primarily driven by movements in credit spreads in the overall investment market. See Note 4 in the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" contained herein in Item 1 for further information on investment gains and losses.

Other income is primarily comprised of fee-based service products in the Unum US segment, which include leave management services and administrative services only business, and the underlying results and associated net investment income of certain assumed blocks of reinsured business in the Closed Block segment.

Overall benefits experience was favorable in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 relative to the same periods of 2023. The consolidated benefit ratio, which includes the remeasurement gain or loss, was 55.6 percent and 64.3 percent in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024, respectively, compared to 77.1 percent and 72.5 percent for the same prior year periods. Excluding the impact of the reserve assumption updates and non-contemporaneous reinsurance, the consolidated benefit ratio was 69.0 percent and 68.6 percent in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024, respectively, compared to 69.7 percent and 69.8 percent for the same prior year periods. The underlying benefits experience for each of our operating business segments is discussed more fully in "Segment Results" as follows.

Commissions and the deferral of acquisition costs were higher during the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023 driven primarily by higher prior period sales in our principal operating segments. The increase in the amortization of deferred acquisition costs in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023 is due primarily to growth in the level of the deferred asset in our Unum US supplemental and voluntary and Unum US group disability product lines. Also impacting the increase in the amortization of deferred acquisition costs for the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 is growth in the level of the deferred asset in our Colonial Life Segment.

Other expenses and compensation expense, on a combined basis, increased in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023 due primarily to a loss from a legal settlement, an increase in operational investments in our business, and growth in our fee-based service products. Also impacting the comparison for the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 were increases in employee-related costs.

Our effective income tax rates for the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 were 20.7 percent and 20.8 percent of income before income tax, respectively, compared to 22.8 percent and 21.3 percent for the same prior year periods. Our effective income tax rates were generally consistent with the U.S. statutory rate of 21 percent in effect for the third quarter of 2024 and for the first nine months of 2023 and 2024. Our effective income tax rate differed from the U.S. statutory rate of 21 percentage for the third quarter of 2023 primarily due to interest on uncertain tax positions.

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Consolidated Sales Results

Shown below are sales results for our three principal operating business segments.

(in millions)
	Three Months Ended September 30						Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		% Change		2023		2024		% Change		2023
Unum US	$	154.3	(9.7)	%	$	170.9	$	741.6	(2.7)	%	$	762.1
Unum International	$	38.2	26.5	%	$	30.2	$	148.1	8.4	%	$	136.6
Colonial Life	$	120.9	(0.3)	%	$	121.3	$	346.8	(0.9)	%	$	350.1

Sales shown in the preceding chart generally represent the annualized premium income on new sales which we expect to receive and report as premium income during the next 12 months following or beginning in the initial quarter in which the sale is reported, depending on the effective date of the new sale. Sales do not correspond to premium income reported as revenue in accordance with GAAP. This is because new annualized sales premiums reflect current sales performance and what we expect to recognize as premium income over a 12 month period, while premium income reported in our financial statements is reported on an "as earned" basis rather than an annualized basis and also includes renewals and persistency of in-force policies written in prior years as well as current new sales.

Sales, persistency of the existing block of business, employment and salary growth, and the effectiveness of a renewal program are indicators of growth in premium income. Trends in new sales, as well as existing market share, also indicate the potential for growth in our respective markets and the level of market acceptance of price levels and new product offerings. Sales results may fluctuate significantly due to case size and timing of sales submissions.

See "Segment Results" as follows for a discussion of sales by segment.

Segment Results

Our reporting segments are comprised of the following: Unum US, Unum International, Colonial Life, Closed Block, and Corporate.

In describing our results, we may at times note certain items and exclude the impact on financial ratios and metrics to enhance the understanding and comparability of our operational performance and the underlying fundamentals, but this exclusion is not an indication that similar items may not recur. We also measure and analyze our segment performance on the basis of "adjusted operating revenue" and "adjusted operating income" or "adjusted operating loss", which differ from total revenue and income before income tax as presented in our consolidated statements of income due to the exclusion of investment gains and losses and certain other items. These performance measures are in accordance with GAAP guidance for segment reporting, but they should not be viewed as a substitute for total revenue, income before income tax, or net income. See "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures" contained herein in this Item 2.

Unum US Segment

The Unum US segment is comprised of the group disability, group life and accidental death and dismemberment, and supplemental and voluntary lines of business. The group disability line of business includes long-term and short-term disability, medical stop-loss, and fee-based service products. The supplemental and voluntary line of business includes voluntary benefits, individual disability, and dental and vision products. These products, excluding medical stop loss which is no longer actively marketed as of the third quarter of 2024, are marketed through our field sales personnel who work in conjunction with independent brokers and consultants.

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Unum US Operating Results

Shown below are financial results for the Unum US segment. In the sections following, financial results and key ratios are also presented for the major lines of business within the segment.

(in millions of dollars, except ratios)
	Three Months Ended September 30								Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024			% Change		2023			2024			% Change		2023
Adjusted Operating Revenue
Premium Income	$	1,723.5		4.0	%	$	1,657.7		$	5,161.8		5.2	%	$	4,908.7
Net Investment Income	161.0			(3.1)		166.2			476.1			(1.1)		481.5
Other Income	60.1			3.6		58.0			178.9			7.7		166.1
Total	1,944.6			3.3		1,881.9			5,816.8			4.7		5,556.3
Benefits and Expenses
Policy Benefits	1,046.0			5.2		994.3			3,207.2			0.4		3,195.6
Policy Benefits - Remeasurement Gain	(181.9)			26.3		(144.0)			(367.2)			(4.1)		(383.0)
Commissions	182.6			11.1		164.3			551.9			11.8		493.7
Deferral of Acquisition Costs	(81.6)			9.5		(74.5)			(247.4)			7.3		(230.6)
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs	75.7			8.1		70.0			216.7			8.8		199.2
Other Expenses	396.9			3.0		385.2			1,206.0			5.9		1,139.2
Total	1,437.7			3.0		1,395.3			4,567.2			3.5		4,414.1
Income Before Income Tax and Net Investment Gains and Losses	506.9			4.2		486.6			1,249.6			9.4		1,142.2
Reserve Assumption Updates	(143.6)			11.5		(128.8)			(143.6)			11.5		(128.8)
Adjusted Operating Income	$	363.3		1.5		$	357.8		$	1,106.0		9.1		$	1,013.4
Operating Ratios (% of Premium Income):
Benefit Ratio1	58.5		%			59.1		%	57.8		%			59.9		%
Other Expense Ratio2	22.3		%			22.5		%	22.6		%			22.5		%
Income Ratio	29.4		%			29.4		%	24.2		%			23.3		%
Adjusted Operating Income Ratio	21.1		%			21.6		%	21.4		%			20.6		%
1Excludes the reserve assumption updates that occurred during the third quarters of 2024 and 2023.
2Ratio of Other Expenses to Premium Income plus Unum US Group Disability Other Income, which is primarily related to fee-based services.

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Unum US Group Disability Operating Results

Shown below are financial results and key performance indicators for Unum US group disability.

(in millions of dollars, except ratios)
	Three Months Ended September 30								Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024			% Change		2023			2024			% Change		2023
Adjusted Operating Revenue
Premium Income
Group Long-term Disability	$	522.1		0.7	%	$	518.5		$	1,560.3		1.4	%	$	1,539.3
Group Short-term Disability	271.3			5.8		256.5			810.7			7.7		753.0
Total Premium Income	793.4			2.4		775.0			2,371.0			3.4		2,292.3
Net Investment Income	78.7			(6.5)		84.2			234.8			(4.7)		246.4
Other Income	58.6			13.3		51.7			174.8			10.6		158.1
Total	930.7			2.2		910.9			2,780.6			3.1		2,696.8
Benefits and Expenses
Policy Benefits	500.4			6.1		471.5			1,541.7			0.1		1,539.9
Policy Benefits - Remeasurement Gain	(121.4)			(17.2)		(146.7)			(242.4)			(21.7)		(309.5)
Commissions	60.0			4.9		57.2			184.1			6.7		172.6
Deferral of Acquisition Costs	(15.4)			7.7		(14.3)			(48.1)			7.6		(44.7)
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs	18.2			12.3		16.2			46.8			11.2		42.1
Other Expenses	242.2			2.7		235.9			733.8			4.9		699.8
Total	684.0			10.4		619.8			2,215.9			5.5		2,100.2
Income Before Income Tax and Net Investment Gains and Losses	246.7			(15.3)		291.1			564.7			(5.3)		596.6
Reserve Assumption Updates	(90.0)			(25.6)		(121.0)			(90.0)			(25.6)		(121.0)
Adjusted Operating Income	$	156.7		(7.9)		$	170.1		$	474.7		(0.2)		$	475.6
Operating Ratios (% of Premium Income):
Benefit Ratio1	59.1		%			57.5		%	58.6		%			59.0		%
Other Expense Ratio2	28.4		%			28.5		%	28.8		%			28.6		%
Income Ratio	31.1		%			37.6		%	23.8		%			26.0		%
Adjusted Operating Income Ratio	19.8		%			21.9		%	20.0		%			20.7		%
Persistency:
Group Long-term Disability									93.5		%			90.8		%
Group Short-term Disability									91.9		%			89.1		%
1Excludes the reserve assumption updates that occurred during the third quarters of 2024 and 2023.
2Ratio of Other Expenses to Premium Income plus Other Income, which is primarily related to fee-based services.

Premium income was higher in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023 driven primarily by favorable persistency and prior period sales. Net investment income was lower in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 relative to the same periods of 2023 due to a decrease in the level of invested assets, partially offset by an increase in the yield on invested assets. Other income increased in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023 due to growth in our fee-based service products.

The benefit ratio, excluding the impacts of the reserve assumption updates, was unfavorable in the third quarter of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 due to higher incidence in our long-term disability and short-term disability product lines

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and higher average claim size in the long-term disability product line, partially offset by favorable recoveries in the long-term disability product line. The benefit ratio, excluding the impacts of the reserve assumption updates, was favorable during the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 due to favorable recoveries, partially offset by higher average claim size, in our long-term disability product line. Also impacting the third quarter and the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023 was favorable stop loss experience.

Commissions and the deferral of acquisition costs were higher in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023 due primarily to higher prior period sales. The amortization of deferred acquisition costs was higher in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023 primarily due to growth in the level of the deferred asset. The other expense ratio, which includes other income that is primarily related to fee-based service products, was generally consistent in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2024 related to the same periods of 2023.

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Unum US Group Life and Accidental Death and Dismemberment Operating Results

Shown below are financial results and key performance indicators for Unum US group life and accidental death and dismemberment.

(in millions of dollars, except ratios)
	Three Months Ended September 30								Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024			% Change		2023			2024			% Change		2023
Adjusted Operating Revenue
Premium Income
Group Life	$	447.8		5.9	%	$	423.0		$	1,337.9		6.7	%	$	1,254.3
Accidental Death & Dismemberment	47.1			6.8		44.1			139.3			6.2		131.2
Total Premium Income	494.9			6.0		467.1			1,477.2			6.6		1,385.5
Net Investment Income	22.1			(6.8)		23.7			66.6			(2.3)		68.2
Other Income	0.3			50.0		0.2			1.4			100.0		0.7
Total	517.3			5.4		491.0			1,545.2			6.2		1,454.4
Benefits and Expenses
Policy Benefits	333.7			(3.4)		345.5			1,027.9			(2.1)		1,050.1
Policy Benefits - Remeasurement Gain	(24.9)			N.M.		(2.9)			(62.8)			121.9		(28.3)
Commissions	42.1			8.5		38.8			126.5			8.3		116.8
Deferral of Acquisition Costs	(10.0)			11.1		(9.0)			(31.0)			7.3		(28.9)
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs	9.6			(5.9)		10.2			26.7			(9.5)		29.5
Other Expenses	59.8			6.0		56.4			183.0			6.7		171.5
Total	410.3			(6.5)		439.0			1,270.3			(3.1)		1,310.7
Income Before Income Tax and Net Investment Gains and Losses	107.0			105.8		52.0			274.9			91.3		143.7
Reserve Assumption Update	(13.0)			(100.0)		—			(13.0)			(100.0)		—
Adjusted Operating Income	$	94.0		80.8		$	52.0		$	261.9		82.3		$	143.7
Operating Ratios (% of Premium Income):
Benefit Ratio1	65.0		%			73.3		%	66.2		%			73.7		%
Other Expense Ratio	12.1		%			12.1		%	12.4		%			12.4		%
Income Ratio	21.6		%						18.6		%
Adjusted Operating Income Ratio	19.0		%			11.1		%	17.7		%			10.4		%
Persistency:
Group Life									92.0		%			89.3		%
Accidental Death & Dismemberment									91.2		%			88.2		%
1Excludes the reserve assumption update that occurred during the third quarter of 2024.
N.M. = not a meaningful percentage

Premium income increased in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023 due to favorable persistency and prior period sales. Net investment income was lower in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 relative to the same periods of 2023 due to a decrease in the level of invested assets, partially offset by an increase in the yield on invested assets.

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The benefit ratio, excluding the impacts of the reserve assumption update, was favorable in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023 due primarily to favorable incidence in our group life product line.

Commissions and the deferral of acquisition costs were higher in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 due to higher prior period sales. The amortization of deferred acquisition costs was lower in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023 due primarily to favorable overall persistency. The other expense ratio was consistent in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023.

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Unum US Supplemental and Voluntary Operating Results

Shown below are financial results and key performance indicators for Unum US supplemental and voluntary product lines.

(in millions of dollars, except ratios)
	Three Months Ended September 30								Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024			% Change		2023			2024			% Change		2023
Adjusted Operating Revenue
Premium Income
Voluntary Benefits	$	219.3		4.7	%	$	209.5		$	665.1		4.3	%	$	637.4
Individual Disability	140.4			2.7		136.7			424.6			9.8		386.7
Dental and Vision	75.5			8.8		69.4			223.9			8.3		206.8
Total Premium Income	435.2			4.7		415.6			1,313.6			6.7		1,230.9
Net Investment Income	60.2			3.3		58.3			174.7			4.7		166.9
Other Income	1.2			(80.3)		6.1			2.7			(63.0)		7.3
Total	496.6			3.5		480.0			1,491.0			6.1		1,405.1
Benefits and Expenses
Policy Benefits	211.9			19.5		177.3			637.6			5.3		605.6
Policy Benefits - Remeasurement Loss (Gain)	(35.6)			N.M.		5.6			(62.0)			37.2		(45.2)
Commissions	80.5			17.9		68.3			241.3			18.1		204.3
Deferral of Acquisition Costs	(56.2)			9.8		(51.2)			(168.3)			7.2		(157.0)
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs	47.9			9.9		43.6			143.2			12.2		127.6
Other Expenses	94.9			2.2		92.9			289.2			8.0		267.9
Total	343.4			2.1		336.5			1,081.0			7.8		1,003.2
Income Before Income Tax and Net Realized Investment Gains and Losses	153.2			6.8		143.5			410.0			2.0		401.9
Reserve Assumption Updates - Voluntary Benefits	12.2			N.M.		(10.4)			12.2			N.M.		(10.4)
Reserve Assumption Updates - Individual Disability	(52.8)			N.M.		2.6			(52.8)			N.M.		2.6
Adjusted Operating Income	$	112.6		(17.0)		$	135.7		$	369.4		(6.3)		$	394.1
Operating Ratios (% of Premium Income):
Benefit Ratios:
Voluntary Benefits1	45.8		%			39.1		%	41.6		%			38.1		%
Individual Disability1	42.8		%			45.4		%	41.0		%			44.3		%
Dental and Vision	74.6		%			67.4		%	74.1		%			74.6		%
Other Expense Ratio	21.8		%			22.4		%	22.0		%			21.8		%
Income Ratio	35.2		%			34.5		%	31.2		%			32.7		%
Adjusted Operating Income Ratio	25.9		%			32.7		%	28.1		%			32.0		%
Persistency:
Voluntary Benefits									76.4		%			75.5		%
Individual Disability									89.0		%			89.3		%
Dental and Vision									81.4		%			76.2		%
1Excludes the reserve assumption updates that occurred during the third quarters of 2024 and 2023.
N.M. = not a meaningful percentage

Premium income was higher in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023, due to favorable persistency in the voluntary benefits and dental and vision product lines and higher prior period sales in the voluntary

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benefits and individual disability product lines. Also impacting the comparison for the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 was the continued impacts from the partial recapture of a previously ceded block of business in the individual disability product line. Net investment income increased in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023 primarily due to an increase in the yield on invested assets. Other income decreased in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023, due primarily to a prior year net gain on the partial recapture of a previously ceded block of business in the individual disability product line.

The benefit ratio, excluding the impacts of the reserve assumption updates, for voluntary benefits was unfavorable in the third quarter of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 due to unfavorable experience in the critical illness and life product lines. The benefit ratio, excluding the impacts of the reserve assumption updates, for voluntary benefits was unfavorable in the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 due to less favorable experience in the critical illness, hospital indemnity, and accident product lines. The benefit ratio, excluding the impacts of the reserve assumption updates, for the individual disability product line was favorable in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023 due primarily to favorable recoveries, partially offset by higher claim size. The benefit ratio for the dental and vision product line was unfavorable in the third quarter of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 due primarily to higher claims incidence and higher average claim size. The benefit ratio for the dental and vision product line was generally consistent in the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023.

Commissions and deferral of acquisition costs were higher in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023 due primarily to higher prior period sales in the voluntary benefits product line. Also impacting the comparison for the first nine months of 2024 compared to 2023 was higher prior period sales in the individual disability product line. The amortization of deferred acquisition costs was higher in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023 due primarily to increased lapses in certain older product offerings in the voluntary benefits product line and growth in the level of the deferred assets in all product lines. The other expense ratio was favorable in the third quarter of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 due to our focus on expense management and operating efficiencies. The other expense ratio was generally consistent in the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023.

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Sales

(in millions of dollars)
	Three Months Ended September 30						Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		% Change		2023		2024		% Change		2023
Sales by Product
Group Disability and Group Life and AD&D
Group Long-term Disability	$	24.4	(33.3)	%	$	36.6	$	143.8	(7.9)	%	$	156.1
Group Short-term Disability	15.9		(47.9)		30.5		94.1		(19.6)		117.1
Group Life and AD&D	26.5		5.2		25.2		151.2		(1.1)		152.9
Subtotal	66.8		(27.6)		92.3		389.1		(8.7)		426.1
Supplemental and Voluntary
Voluntary Benefits	45.6		16.9		39.0		233.0		9.6		212.5
Individual Disability	29.4		14.8		25.6		76.1		(6.0)		81.0
Dental and Vision	12.5		(10.7)		14.0		43.4		2.1		42.5
Subtotal	87.5		11.3		78.6		352.5		4.9		336.0
Total Sales	$	154.3	(9.7)		$	170.9	$	741.6	(2.7)		$	762.1
Sales by Market Sector
Group Disability and Group Life and AD&D
Core Market (< 2,000 employees)	$	52.1	(20.8)	%	$	65.8	$	247.1	(3.1)	%	$	255.1
Large Case Market	14.7		(44.5)		26.5		142.0		(17.0)		171.0
Subtotal	66.8		(27.6)		92.3		389.1		(8.7)		426.1
Supplemental and Voluntary	87.5		11.3		78.6		352.5		4.9		336.0
Total Sales	$	154.3	(9.7)		$	170.9	$	741.6	(2.7)		$	762.1

Group sales decreased during the third quarter of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 due to lower sales to new and existing customers in both the large case market, which we define as employee groups with greater than 2,000 employees, and the core market. Group sales decreased during the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 due to lower sales to new customers in the large case market and existing customers in both the large case and core markets, partially offset by higher sales to new customers in the core market. The sales mix in the group market sector for the first nine months of 2024 was approximately 64 percent core market and 36 percent large case market.

Voluntary benefits sales increased during the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023 due primarily to higher sales to new customers in the large case market and higher sales to new and existing customers in the core market. Also impacting the comparison of the third quarter of 2024 to the same period of 2023 was higher sales to existing customers in the large case market. Individual disability sales, which are primarily concentrated in the multi-life market, increased in the third quarter of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 due to higher sales to existing and new customers. Individual disability sales decreased during the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 primarily due to lower sales to new customers, partially offset by higher sales to existing customers. Dental and vision sales decreased during the third quarter of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 due primarily to lower sales to new customers. Dental and vision sales increased during the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 due primarily to higher sales to new customers.

Segment Outlook

We remain committed to offering consumers a broad set of financial protection benefit products at the worksite. During 2024, we will continue to invest in a unique customer experience defined by simplicity, empathy, and deep industry expertise through the increased utilization of digital capabilities and technology to enhance enrollment, underwriting, the client administration experience, and claims processing. In addition, we will focus on strategically driven sales by enhancing the connectivity, alignment, and support for brokers and technology partners. With respect to smaller employers, we will continue to provide a

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comprehensive set of consumer-focused products, enhance our distribution model, and utilize our digital tools to bring industry leading enrollment capabilities and a fully integrated customer experience. Our differentiated offerings and market leading leave management services provide substantial growth opportunities, particularly with larger employers, and stronger persistency in our core products. We believe our active client management, integrated customer experience across our product lines, and strong risk management, will enable us to continue to grow our market over the long-term.

We expect strong adjusted operating income in 2024 with continued premium growth and claim experience in line with 2023. We expect premium growth to be driven by improved persistency in most lines as well as continued strong sales momentum. We expect the group disability market to remain competitive which may impact our pricing and renewal premium levels. We expect favorable group disability claim experience to continue in 2024, driven by strong operational performance. We also expect group life and voluntary benefits claim experience to be mostly stable. We expect a stable operating expense ratio as our investments in our people and capabilities are offset by efficiencies gained from our strategic initiatives.

A rising interest rate environment could continue to positively impact our yields on new investments but could also continue to create further unrealized losses in our current holdings. A declining interest rate environment could negatively impact yields on new investments but could also reduce unrealized losses in our current holdings. Our net investment income may continue to be impacted by volatility in miscellaneous investment income.

As part of our discipline in pricing and reserving, we continuously monitor emerging claim trends and interest rates. We will continue to take appropriate pricing actions on new business and renewals that are reflective of the current environment.

We continuously monitor key indicators to assess our risks and adjust our business plans accordingly.

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Unum International Segment

The Unum International segment is comprised of our operations in both the United Kingdom and Poland. Our Unum UK products include insurance for group long-term disability, group life, and supplemental lines of business, which includes dental, critical illness, and individual disability products. Our Unum Poland products include insurance for individual and group life with accident and health riders. Unum International's products are sold primarily through field sales personnel and independent brokers and consultants.

Operating Results

Shown below are financial results and key performance indicators for the Unum International segment.

(in millions of dollars)
	Three Months Ended September 30						Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		% Change		2023		2024		% Change		2023
Adjusted Operating Revenue
Premium Income
Unum UK
Group Long-term Disability	$	106.6	5.4	%	$	101.1	$	312.4	5.0	%	$	297.5
Group Life	58.8		33.0		44.2		156.3		25.5		124.5
Supplemental	41.4		19.7		34.6		125.1		25.2		99.9
Unum Poland	39.8		29.6		30.7		113.3		33.0		85.2
Total Premium Income	246.6		17.1		210.6		707.1		16.5		607.1
Net Investment Income	30.4		11.4		27.3		94.5		(9.1)		104.0
Other Income	0.4		(20.0)		0.5		1.2		20.0		1.0
Total	277.4		16.4		238.4		802.8		12.7		712.1
Benefits and Expenses
Policy Benefits	192.7		19.8		160.9		511.9		16.3		440.1
Policy Benefits - Remeasurement Gain	(17.4)		N.M.		(2.4)		(24.5)		N.M.		(6.8)
Commissions	21.7		18.6		18.3		61.7		14.7		53.8
Deferral of Acquisition Costs	(4.6)		21.1		(3.8)		(13.2)		22.2		(10.8)
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs	2.5		4.2		2.4		7.3		19.7		6.1
Other Expenses	49.7		12.7		44.1		146.9		14.0		128.9
Total	244.6		11.4		219.5		690.1		12.9		611.3
Income Before Income Tax and Net Investment Gains and Losses	32.8		73.5		18.9		112.7		11.8		100.8
Reserve Assumption Updates	7.5		(58.1)		17.9		7.5		(58.1)		17.9
Adjusted Operating Income	$	40.3	9.5		$	36.8	$	120.2	1.3		$	118.7
N.M. = not a meaningful percentage

Foreign Currency Translation

The functional currencies of Unum UK and Unum Poland are the British pound sterling and Polish zloty, respectively. Premium income, net investment income, claims, and expenses are received or paid in the functional currency, and we hold functional currency-denominated assets to support functional currency-denominated policy liabilities. We translate functional currency-denominated financial statement items into dollars for our consolidated financial reporting. We translate income statement items using an average exchange rate for the reporting period, and we translate balance sheet items using the exchange rate at the end of the period. We report unrealized foreign currency translation gains and losses in accumulated other comprehensive income in our consolidated balance sheets.

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Fluctuations in exchange rates impact Unum International's reported financial results and our consolidated financial results. In periods when the functional currency strengthens relative to the preceding period, translation increases current period results relative to the prior period. In periods when the functional currency weakens, translation decreases current period results relative to the prior period.

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Unum UK Operating Results

Shown below are financial results and key performance indicators for the Unum UK product lines in functional currency.

(in millions of pounds, except ratios)
	Three Months Ended September 30								Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024			% Change		2023			2024			% Change		2023
Adjusted Operating Revenue
Premium Income
Group Long-term Disability	£	82.0		2.8	%	£	79.8		£	244.6		2.4	%	£	238.9
Group Life	45.1			29.2		34.9			122.2			22.2		100.0
Supplemental	31.8			15.6		27.5			97.9			21.9		80.3
Total Premium Income	158.9			11.7		142.2			464.7			10.9		419.2
Net Investment Income	21.2			8.7		19.5			67.5			(13.1)		77.7
Other Income	0.1			100.0		—			0.2			100.0		0.1
Total	180.2			11.4		161.7			532.4			7.1		497.0
Benefits and Expenses
Policy Benefits	130.2			14.7		113.5			346.8			10.9		312.6
Policy Benefits - Remeasurement Gain	(13.4)			N.M.		(1.4)			(19.7)			N.M.		(5.3)
Commissions	9.9			6.5		9.3			29.0			2.5		28.3
Deferral of Acquisition Costs	(0.8)			(11.1)		(0.9)			(2.8)			(6.7)		(3.0)
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs	1.2			(7.7)		1.3			4.0			5.3		3.8
Other Expenses	30.0			7.9		27.8			91.3			9.7		83.2
Total	157.1			5.0		149.6			448.6			6.9		419.6
Income Before Income Tax and Net Investment Gains and Losses	23.1			90.9		12.1			83.8			8.3		77.4
Reserve Assumption Updates	6.4			(60.7)		16.3			6.4			(60.7)		16.3
Adjusted Operating Income	£	29.5		3.9		£	28.4		£	90.2		(3.7)		£	93.7
Weighted Average Pound/Dollar Exchange Rate	1.312					1.281			1.278					1.243
Operating Ratios (% of Premium Income):
Benefit Ratio1	69.5		%			67.4		%	69.0		%			69.4		%
Other Expense Ratio	18.9		%			19.5		%	19.6		%			19.8		%
Income Ratio	14.5		%			8.5		%	18.0		%			18.5		%
Adjusted Operating Income Ratio	18.6		%			20.0		%	19.4		%			22.4		%
Persistency:
Group Long-term Disability									92.3		%			92.4		%
Group Life									88.6		%			83.6		%
Supplemental									90.4		%			91.0		%
1Excludes the reserve assumption updates that occurred during the third quarters of 2024 and 2023.
N.M. = not a meaningful percentage

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Premium income was higher in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023 primarily due to in-force block growth.

Net investment income was higher in the third quarter of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 primarily due to higher yield on invested assets, partially offset by lower investment income from inflation-index linked bonds. Net investment income was lower in the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 primarily due to lower investment income from inflation index-linked bonds, partially offset by increases in the yield on invested assets. Our investments in inflation index-linked bonds support the claim liabilities associated with certain group policies that provide for inflation-linked increases in policy benefits. The change in net investment income attributable to these index-linked bonds is partially offset by a change in policy benefits related to the inflation index-linked group long-term disability and group life policies.

The benefit ratio, excluding the impacts of reserve assumption updates, was unfavorable in the third quarter of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 due primarily to higher incidence in the group long-term disability and group life product lines, partially offset by favorable incidence in the supplemental product line and favorable recoveries in the group long-term disability product line. The benefit ratio, excluding the impacts of reserve assumption updates, was favorable in the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 due primarily to favorable incidence in the supplemental product line and favorable recoveries in the group long-term disability product line, partially offset by higher incidence in the group long-term disability and group life product lines.

Commissions were higher in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023 primarily due to in-force block growth.

The deferral of acquisition costs and the amortization of deferred acquisition costs were generally consistent in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023. The other expense ratio was lower in the third quarter of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 due primarily to our focus on operating efficiencies, and was generally consistent in the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023.

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Sales

(in millions of dollars and pounds)
	Three Months Ended September 30						Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		% Change		2023		2024		% Change		2023
Unum International Sales by Product
Unum UK
Group Long-term Disability	$	8.4	(5.6)	%	$	8.9	$	40.3	3.3	%	$	39.0
Group Life	17.0		61.9		10.5		53.1		6.6		49.8
Supplemental	4.8		26.3		3.8		30.1		25.4		24.0
Unum Poland	8.0		14.3		7.0		24.6		3.4		23.8
Total Sales	$	38.2	26.5		$	30.2	$	148.1	8.4		$	136.6
Unum International Sales by Market Sector
Unum UK
Group Long-term Disability and Group Life
Core Market (< 500 employees)	$	10.0	(15.3)	%	$	11.8	$	30.7	(23.8)	%	$	40.3
Large Case Market	15.4		102.6		7.6		62.7		29.3		48.5
Subtotal	25.4		30.9		19.4		93.4		5.2		88.8
Supplemental	4.8		26.3		3.8		30.1		25.4		24.0
Unum Poland	8.0		14.3		7.0		24.6		3.4		23.8
Total Sales	$	38.2	26.5		$	30.2	$	148.1	8.4		$	136.6
Unum UK Sales by Product
Group Long-term Disability	£	6.4	(8.6)	%	£	7.0	£	31.7	1.3	%	£	31.3
Group Life	12.9		55.4		8.3		41.5		3.5		40.1
Supplemental	3.8		31.0		2.9		23.8		23.3		19.3
Total Sales	£	23.1	26.9		£	18.2	£	97.0	6.9		£	90.7
Unum UK Sales by Market Sector
Group Long-term Disability and Group Life
Core Market (< 500 employees)	£	7.7	(18.1)	%	£	9.4	£	24.1	(25.8)	%	£	32.5
Large Case Market	11.6		96.6		5.9		49.1		26.2		38.9
Subtotal	19.3		26.1		15.3		73.2		2.5		71.4
Supplemental	3.8		31.0		2.9		23.8		23.3		19.3
Total Sales	£	23.1	26.9		£	18.2	£	97.0	6.9		£	90.7

The following discussion of sales results relates only to our Unum UK product lines and is based on functional currency.

Group long-term disability sales decreased in the third quarter of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023, driven primarily by lower sales to new customers in the core market, which we define as employee groups with less than 500 employees, partially offset by higher sales to new customers in the large case market. Group long-term disability sales were higher in the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 driven by higher sales to new and existing customers in the large case market, partially offset by lower sales to new and existing customers in the core market.

Group life sales increased in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023 due to higher sales to new and existing customers in the large case market. Partially offsetting the increase in group life sales for the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 is lower sales to new and existing customers in the core market.

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Supplemental sales increased in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 due to higher sales in our dental product line. Also impacting the supplemental sales comparison for the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 is lower sales in our group critical illness product line.

Segment Outlook

We are committed to driving growth in the Unum International segment and will build on the capabilities that we believe will generate growth and profitability in our businesses over the long term. In 2024, we will focus on scaling our business and broadening our product portfolio. For our Unum UK line of business, achieving growth remains a priority, and we will continue to focus on delivering a best in class health and wellbeing service to improve retention of our key customers and drive growth across our product offerings. We will also accelerate premium growth by focusing on both the broker experience and customer engagement, while maintaining our disciplined approach to pricing. Within our Unum Poland line of business, we will drive growth by expanding our distribution and the direct to employer channel. We will also continue to invest in digital capabilities, technology, and product enhancements which we believe will drive sustainable growth over the long term.

In 2024, we expect sales and premium growth to continue, alongside stable claim experience. We recognize that 2023 earnings benefited from inflation linked income, which we expect will continue to decrease in 2024 and could pressure earnings growth. We may see impacts to net investment income and fluctuations in our benefit ratio as inflation continues to moderate. We continuously monitor key indicators to assess our risks and adjust our business plans accordingly.

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Colonial Life Segment

The Colonial Life segment includes insurance for accident, sickness, and disability products, which includes dental and vision products, life products, and cancer and critical illness products. These products are marketed to employees, on both a group and an individual basis, at the workplace through an independent contractor agent sales force and brokers.

Operating Results

Shown below are financial results and key performance indicators for the Colonial Life segment.

(in millions of dollars, except ratios)
	Three Months Ended September 30								Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024			% Change		2023			2024			% Change		2023
Adjusted Operating Revenue
Premium Income
Accident, Sickness, and Disability	$	240.6		1.6	%	$	236.7		$	725.5		2.5	%	$	708.0
Life	113.1			6.5		106.2			342.6			7.7		318.1
Cancer and Critical Illness	88.2			(0.1)		88.3			266.9			0.6		265.2
Total Premium Income	441.9			2.5		431.2			1,335.0			3.4		1,291.3
Net Investment Income	39.6			0.8		39.3			119.4			4.2		114.6
Other Income	0.4			33.3		0.3			3.6			N.M.		0.9
Total	481.9			2.4		470.8			1,458.0			3.6		1,406.8
Benefits and Expenses
Policy Benefits	218.1			(0.4)		218.9			667.7			1.2		660.0
Policy Benefits - Remeasurement Gain	(53.9)			(38.5)		(87.7)			(73.0)			(21.6)		(93.1)
Commissions	93.0			4.7		88.8			282.2			5.8		266.7
Deferral of Acquisition Costs	(77.1)			2.8		(75.0)			(234.7)			3.8		(226.1)
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs	55.6			(1.9)		56.7			163.9			6.8		153.4
Other Expenses	86.8			1.5		85.5			261.9			3.6		252.9
Total	322.5			12.3		287.2			1,068.0			5.3		1,013.8
Income Before Income Tax and Net Investment Gains and Losses	159.4			(13.2)		183.6			390.0			(0.8)		393.0
Reserve Assumption Updates	(46.0)			(43.0)		(80.7)			(46.0)			(43.0)		(80.7)
Adjusted Operating Income	$	113.4		10.2		$	102.9		$	344.0		10.2		$	312.3
Operating Ratios (% of Premium Income):
Benefit Ratio1	47.6		%			49.1		%	48.0		%			50.2		%
Other Expense Ratio	19.6		%			19.8		%	19.6		%			19.6		%
Income Ratio	36.1		%			42.6		%	29.2		%			30.4		%
Adjusted Operating Income Ratio	25.7		%			23.9		%	25.8		%			24.2		%
Persistency:
Accident, Sickness, and Disability									73.3		%			73.1		%
Life									84.3		%			84.7		%
Cancer and Critical Illness									81.8		%			82.2		%
1Excludes the reserve assumption updates that occurred during the third quarters of 2024 and 2023.
N.M. = not a meaningful percentage

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Premium income in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 was favorable compared to the same periods of 2023 due to higher prior period sales and generally stable persistency. Net investment income was generally consistent in the third quarter of 2024 relative to the same period of 2023. Net investment income increased during the first nine months of 2024 relative to the same period of 2023 due primarily to an increase in the yield on invested assets.

The benefit ratio, excluding the impacts of the reserve assumption updates, was favorable in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 relative to the same periods of 2023 primarily due to favorable benefit experience in the cancer and critical illness and life product lines. Also impacting the comparison for the first nine months of 2024 compared to 2023 was favorable benefit experience in the accident, sickness, and disability product line.

Commissions and the deferral of acquisition costs were higher in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 relative to the same periods of 2023 due to higher sales in prior periods. The amortization of deferred acquisition costs was generally consistent in the third quarter of 2024 relative to the same period of 2023. The amortization of deferred acquisition costs was higher during the first nine months of 2024 relative to the same period of 2023 primarily due to growth in the level of the deferred asset. The other expense ratio was generally consistent in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 relative to the same periods of 2023.

Sales

(in millions of dollars)
	Three Months Ended September 30						Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		% Change		2023		2024		% Change		2023
Sales by Product
Accident, Sickness, and Disability	$	74.7	2.2	%	$	73.1	$	215.1	0.3	%	$	214.5
Life	28.5		(4.7)		29.9		83.1		(3.7)		86.3
Cancer and Critical Illness	17.7		(3.3)		18.3		48.6		(1.4)		49.3
Total Sales	$	120.9	(0.3)		$	121.3	$	346.8	(0.9)		$	350.1
Sales by Market Sector
Commercial Sector
Core Market (< 1,000 employees)	$	69.9	(9.5)	%	$	77.2	$	220.4	(4.8)	%	$	231.6
Large Case Market	16.0		52.4		10.5		37.3		15.5		32.3
Subtotal	85.9		(2.1)		87.7		257.7		(2.3)		263.9
Public Sector	35.0		4.2		33.6		89.1		3.4		86.2
Total Sales	$	120.9	(0.3)		$	121.3	$	346.8	(0.9)		$	350.1

Commercial sector sales decreased in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023 due primarily to lower sales to new and existing customers in the core market, which we define as accounts with less than 1,000 employees, partially offset by higher sales to new customers in the large case market. Public sector sales increased in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023 due to higher sales to new customers.

Segment Outlook

We remain committed to providing employees and their families with simple, modern, and personal benefit solutions. During 2024, we will continue to utilize our strong distribution system of independent agents, benefit counselors and broker partnerships. We will also continue to invest in solutions and digital capabilities to expand our reach and effectiveness, driving growth and improving productivity while enhancing the customer experience. In 2024, we will continue to bring an enhanced engagement and enrollment platform to market, enabling deeper connections with employees through the enrollment process as well as maintaining stronger relationships throughout the customer lifecycle. We believe our distribution system, customer service capabilities, digital and virtual tools, and ability to serve all market sizes position us well for future growth.

In 2024, we expect strong growth in adjusted operating income for the full year with premium growth increasing from the prior year. We expect improved claim experience in 2024 but could continue to experience some level of claims volatility. While we believe our underlying profitability will remain strong, current economic conditions and increasing competition in the

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voluntary workplace market are risks to achievement of our business plans. We continuously monitor key indicators to assess our risks and adjust our business plans accordingly.

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Closed Block Segment

The Closed Block segment consists of group and individual long-term care and other insurance products no longer actively marketed. We discontinued offering individual long-term care in 2009 and group long-term care in 2012. Other insurance products include individual disability, group pension, individual life and corporate-owned life insurance, reinsurance pools and management operations, and other miscellaneous product lines.

Operating Results

Shown below are financial results and key performance indicators for the Closed Block segment.

(in millions of dollars, except ratios)
	Three Months Ended September 30								Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024			% Change		2023			2024			% Change		2023
Adjusted Operating Revenue
Premium Income
Long-term Care	$	173.7		0.9	%	$	172.1		$	521.5		0.1	%	$	521.2
All Other	43.1			(20.6)		54.3			140.9			(15.1)		166.0
Total Premium Income	216.8			(4.2)		226.4			662.4			(3.6)		687.2
Net Investment Income	284.3			3.4		274.9			851.6			7.0		796.0
Other Income	12.4			(3.1)		12.8			37.7			(6.0)		40.1
Total	513.5			(0.1)		514.1			1,551.7			1.9		1,523.3
Benefits and Expenses
Policy Benefits	407.8			0.8		404.4			1,237.4			2.9		1,202.8
Policy Benefits - Remeasurement Loss (Gain)	(149.5)			(137.1)		402.5			(102.8)			(124.4)		421.3
Commissions	17.8			(2.7)		18.3			52.0			(6.3)		55.5
Other Expenses	44.3			1.1		43.8			131.0			2.0		128.4
Total	320.4			(63.1)		869.0			1,317.6			(27.1)		1,808.0
Income (Loss) Before Income Tax and Net Investment Gains and Losses	193.1			154.4		(354.9)			234.1			182.2		(284.7)
Amortization of the Cost of Reinsurance	10.4			(6.3)		11.1			31.1			(6.0)		33.1
Non-Contemporaneous Reinsurance	6.0			(34.8)		9.2			20.2			(23.5)		26.4
Reserve Assumption Updates - Long-term Care	(174.1)			(147.3)		368.1			(174.1)			(147.3)		368.1
Reserve Assumption Updates - All Other	(1.2)			N.M.		0.7			(1.2)			N.M.		0.7
Adjusted Operating Income	$	34.2		—		$	34.2		$	110.1		(23.3)		$	143.6
Long-term Care Net Premium Ratio									94.5		%			93.4		%
Operating Ratios (% of Premium Income):
Other Expense Ratio1	15.6		%			14.4		%	15.1		%			13.9		%
Income Ratio	89.1		%			(156.8)		%	35.3		%			(41.4)		%
Adjusted Operating Income Ratio	15.8		%			15.1		%	16.6		%			20.9		%
Long-term Care Persistency									95.2		%			95.5		%
1Excludes amortization of the cost of reinsurance.
N.M. = not a meaningful percentage

Premium income for the long-term care product line in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 was generally consistent with the same periods of 2023. Premium income for our all other product line continues to decline as expected due to policyholder lapses.

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Net investment income was higher during the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 relative to the same periods of 2023 primarily due to an increase in the level of invested assets. Also impacting the comparison for the first nine months of 2024 relative to the same period of 2023 was higher miscellaneous investment income, primarily related to larger increases in the NAV on our private equity partnerships.

Other income primarily includes the underlying results and associated net investment income of certain assumed blocks of business.

Policy benefits including remeasurement loss (gain), excluding the impacts of the reserve assumption updates and non-contemporaneous reinsurance, were generally consistent during the third quarter of 2024 relative to the same period of 2023. Policy benefits including remeasurement loss (gain), excluding the impacts of the reserve assumption updates and non-contemporaneous reinsurance, were unfavorable in the first nine months of 2024 relative to the same period of 2023 driven primarily by the increase in the current period benefit expense resulting from the higher net premium ratio and the impact of capped cohorts in the long-term care product line. The net premium ratio for long-term care increased to 94.5 percent at September 30, 2024 from 93.4 percent at September 30, 2023 due primarily to policyholder terminations and the assumption updates in the third quarter of 2024.

The other expense ratio, excluding the amortization of the cost of reinsurance, was higher in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023 due primarily to an increase in operational investments in our business and a decline in expense allowances related to the ceded block of individual disability business. Also contributing to the higher other expense ratio, excluding the amortization of the cost of reinsurance, in the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023 was an increase in employee-related costs.

Individual Disability Reinsurance Transaction

As shown in the chart above, we exclude from income before income tax and net investment gains and losses, the amortization of the cost of reinsurance and the impact of non-contemporaneous reinsurance related to the Closed Block individual disability reinsurance transaction, where we ceded a significant portion of this business. The cost of reinsurance continues to be amortized over a period of approximately 22 years, on a declining trajectory generally consistent with the expected run-off pattern of the ceded reserves. As a result of the execution of the second phase of the reinsurance transaction occurring after January 1, 2021, the transition date of ASU 2018-12, in accordance with the provisions of the ASU related to non-contemporaneous reinsurance, we were required to establish the ceded reserves using an upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument as of the reinsurance transaction date in March 2021 which resulted in higher ceded reserves compared to that which was reported historically. However, the direct reserves for the block reinsured in the second phase were calculated using the original discount rate utilized as of the transition date. Both the direct and ceded reserves are then remeasured at each reporting period using a current discount rate reflective of an upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument, with the changes recognized in OCI. While the total equity impact is neutral, the different original discount rates utilized for direct and ceded reserves result in disproportionate earnings impacts. The impact of non-contemporaneous reinsurance will fluctuate depending on the magnitude of reserve changes during the period. The decrease in the effects of non-contemporaneous reinsurance treatment in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023 is due to expected run out of the ceded block which resulted in a smaller net change in reserves in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 compared to the same periods of 2023.

Segment Outlook

We will continue to execute on our well-defined strategy of implementing long-term care premium rate increases, efficient capital management, improved financial analysis, and operational effectiveness. We will continue to explore structural options to enhance financial flexibility. We continue to file requests with various state insurance departments for premium rate increases on certain of our individual and group long-term care policies which reflect assumptions as of the date of filings. In states for which a rate increase is submitted and approved, we routinely provide customers options for coverage changes or other approaches that might fit their current financial and insurance needs. Despite continued anticipated premium rate increases in our long-term care business, we expect overall premium income and adjusted operating revenue to decline over the long term as these closed blocks of business wind down. We will likely experience volatility in net investment income due to fluctuations of miscellaneous investment income, driven by the allocation towards alternative assets, primarily private equity partnership investments, in the long-term care product line portfolio. We record changes in our share of the NAV of the partnerships in net investment income. We receive financial information related to our investments in partnerships and generally record investment income on a one-quarter lag in accordance with our accounting policy. As these net asset values are volatile and can fluctuate materially with changes in market economic conditions, there may possibly be significant

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movements up or down in future periods as conditions change. We continuously monitor key indicators to assess our risks and adjust our business plans, including utilization of derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate risk.

Profitability of our long-tailed products is affected by claims experience related to mortality and morbidity, resolutions, investment returns, premium rate increases, and persistency. The net premium ratio represents the ratio of future expected benefits and related expenses to future expected gross premiums using the original discount rate. The long-term care benefits experience may continue to have quarterly volatility, particularly in the near term as our claim block matures and as we continue the implementation of premium rate increases. Claim resolution rates which reflect the probability that a disability or long-term care claim will close due to recovery or death of the insureds, are very sensitive to operational and external factors and can be volatile. Our claim resolution rate assumption used in determining reserves is our expectation of the resolution rate we will experience over the life of the block of business and will vary from actual experience in any one period. It is possible that variability in any of our reserve assumptions, including, but not limited to, mortality, morbidity, resolutions, premium rate increases, benefit change elections, and persistency, could result in a material impact to our reserves.

As a result of the execution of the reinsurance transaction related to our Closed Block individual disability line of business, we have fully ceded a significant portion of this business. We expect that earnings will continue to be impacted by the amortization of the cost of reinsurance and the impacts of non-contemporaneous reinsurance, but we anticipate these impacts will decline over time with the run-off pattern of the reserves.

For further discussion of ASU 2018-12, see Note 2 of the “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements” contained herein in Item 1.

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Corporate Segment

The Corporate segment includes investment income on corporate assets not specifically allocated to a line of business, interest expense on corporate debt, and certain other corporate income and expenses not allocated to a line of business.

Operating Results

(in millions of dollars)
	Three Months Ended September 30						Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		% Change		2023		2024		% Change		2023
Adjusted Operating Revenue
Net Investment Income	$	12.5	(31.7)	%	$	18.3	$	44.8	(35.8)	%	$	69.8
Other Income	—		—		—		1.1		(56.0)		2.5
Total	12.5		(31.7)		18.3		45.9		(36.5)		72.3
Interest, Debt, and Other Expenses	77.2		29.1		59.8		202.0		10.9		182.2
Loss Before Income Tax and Net Investment Gains and Losses	(64.7)		55.9		(41.5)		(156.1)		42.0		(109.9)
Loss on Legal Settlement	15.3		100.0		—		15.3		100.0		—
Adjusted Operating Loss	$	(49.4)	19.0		$	(41.5)	$	(140.8)	28.1		$	(109.9)

Adjusted operating loss, excluding the loss on legal settlement, increased in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024 relative to the same periods of 2023 due primarily to decreased net investment income, which was driven by increased allocations to our lines of business. See "Executive Summary" contained herein this Item 2 and Note 14 of the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" contained herein in Item 1 for further discussion on the loss on legal settlement.

Segment Outlook

We expect to continue to generate excess capital on an annual basis through the statutory earnings in our insurance subsidiaries and believe we are well positioned with flexibility to preserve our capital strength while also returning capital to our shareholders. We may experience volatility in net investment income due to changes in the prevailing interest rates as well as both the composition and level of invested assets.

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Investments

Overview

Investment activities are an integral part of our business, and profitability is significantly affected by investment results. We segment our invested assets into portfolios that support our various product lines. Generally, our investment strategy for our portfolios is to match the effective asset cash flows and durations with related expected liability cash flows and durations to consistently meet the liability funding requirements of our businesses and to manage interest rate risk. We seek to earn investment income while assuming credit risk in a prudent and selective manner, subject to constraints of quality, liquidity, diversification, and regulatory considerations. Our overall investment philosophy is to invest in a portfolio of high quality assets that provide investment returns consistent with that assumed in the pricing of our insurance products. Assets are invested predominantly in fixed maturity securities.

We may redistribute investments among our different lines of business or sell selected securities and reinvest the proceeds, when necessary, to adjust the cash flow and/or duration of the asset portfolios to better match the cash flow and duration of the liability portfolios. Asset and liability portfolio modeling is updated on a quarterly basis and is used as part of the overall interest rate risk management strategy. Cash flows from the in-force asset and liability portfolios are projected at current interest rate levels and at levels reflecting an increase and a decrease in interest rates to obtain a range of projected cash flows under the different interest rate scenarios. These results enable us to assess the impact of projected changes in cash flows and duration resulting from potential changes in interest rates. Testing the asset and liability portfolios under various interest rate scenarios enables us to choose what we believe to be the most appropriate investment strategy, as well as to limit the risk of disadvantageous outcomes. Although we test the asset and liability portfolios under various interest rate scenarios as part of our modeling, the majority of our liabilities related to insurance contracts are not interest rate sensitive, and we therefore have minimal exposure to policy withdrawal risk. Our determination of investment strategy relies on long-term measures such as asset adequacy analysis and the relationship between the portfolio yields supporting our various product lines and the aggregate discount rate assumptions embedded in the reserves. We also use this analysis in determining hedging strategies and utilizing derivative financial instruments for managing interest rate risk and the risk related to matching duration for our assets and liabilities. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.

Our investment portfolio is well diversified by type of investment and industry sector. We have established an investment strategy that we believe will provide for adequate cash flows from operations and allow us to hold our securities through periods where significant decreases in fair value occur. We believe our emphasis on risk management in our investment portfolio has positioned us well and generally reduced the volatility in our results.

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Fixed Maturity Securities

The fair values and associated unrealized gains and losses of our fixed maturity securities portfolio, by industry classification, are as follows:

Fixed Maturity Securities - By Industry Classification

As of September 30, 2024

(in millions of dollars)
Classification	Fair Value		Net Unrealized Gain (Loss)		Fair Value with Gross Unrealized Loss		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value with Gross Unrealized Gain		Gross Unrealized Gain
Basic Industry	$	2,611.1	$	(46.8)	$	1,395.2	$	120.9	$	1,215.9	$	74.1
Capital Goods	3,410.9		(18.5)		1,592.6		151.1		1,818.3		132.6
Communications	2,295.2		(20.8)		998.9		148.6		1,296.3		127.8
Consumer Cyclical	1,482.7		(55.0)		861.6		95.4		621.1		40.4
Consumer Non-Cyclical	6,703.8		(199.5)		3,578.6		428.7		3,125.2		229.2
Energy	2,644.8		76.9		955.3		72.0		1,689.5		148.9
Financial Institutions	4,012.2		(223.5)		2,757.8		285.8		1,254.4		62.3
Mortgage/Asset-Backed	850.6		(3.2)		385.6		16.4		465.0		13.2
Sovereigns	850.1		(114.7)		371.0		137.1		479.1		22.4
Technology	1,533.7		(81.4)		1,063.7		102.3		470.0		20.9
Transportation	1,719.3		(71.1)		999.0		117.7		720.3		46.6
U.S. Government Agencies and Municipalities	4,083.9		(302.0)		2,444.8		449.5		1,639.1		147.5
Public Utilities	5,585.2		23.4		1,895.1		248.9		3,690.1		272.3
Total	$	37,783.5	$	(1,036.2)	$	19,299.2	$	2,374.4	$	18,484.3	$	1,338.2

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The following two tables show the length of time our investment-grade and below-investment-grade fixed maturity securities portfolios had been in a gross unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2024 and at the end of the prior four quarters. The relationships of the current fair value to amortized cost are not necessarily indicative of the fair value to amortized cost relationships for the securities throughout the entire time that the securities have been in an unrealized loss position nor are they necessarily indicative of the relationships after September 30, 2024. The decrease in the net unrealized loss on fixed maturity securities during the third quarter of 2024 was due primarily to a decrease in U.S. Treasury rates.

Unrealized Loss on Investment-Grade Fixed Maturity Securities

Length of Time in Unrealized Loss Position

(in millions of dollars)
	2024						2023
	September 30		June 30		March 31		December 31		September 30
Fair Value < 100% >= 70% of Amortized Cost
<= 90 days	$	11.8	$	31.4	$	48.0	$	8.3	$	242.2
> 90 <= 180 days	1.2		74.6		8.3		3.5		152.4
> 180 <= 270 days	5.1		28.6		4.5		16.4		79.2
> 270 days <= 1 year	3.3		6.4		22.3		18.9		5.5
> 1 year <= 2 years	24.9		286.2		518.7		1,536.4		2,307.7
> 2 years <= 3 years	1,708.4		2,019.4		1,721.0		675.6		195.4
> 3 years	202.0		60.8		63.7		22.4		6.8
Sub-total	1,956.7		2,507.4		2,386.5		2,281.5		2,989.2
Fair Value < 70% >= 40% of Amortized Cost
<= 90 days	—		0.1		—		—		—
> 270 days <= 1 year	—		—		—		—		34.9
> 1 year <= 2 years	28.4		33.3		34.1		99.5		1,180.0
> 2 years <= 3 years	232.8		597.2		439.5		232.3		157.5
> 3 years	62.3		61.8		56.9		22.0		15.7
Sub-total	323.5		692.4		530.5		353.8		1,388.1
Fair Value <= 40% of Amortized Cost
> 1 year <= 2 years	—		—		23.3		22.3		26.7
> 2 years <= 3 years	28.6		27.2		2.8		2.7		—
Sub-total	28.6		27.2		26.1		25.0		26.7
Total	$	2,308.8	$	3,227.0	$	2,943.1	$	2,660.3	$	4,404.0

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Unrealized Loss on Below-Investment-Grade Fixed Maturity Securities

Length of Time in Unrealized Loss Position

(in millions of dollars)
	2024						2023
	September 30		June 30		March 31		December 31		September 30
Fair Value < 100% >= 70% of Amortized Cost
<= 90 days	$	0.3	$	0.4	$	0.2	$	0.3	$	3.7
> 90 <= 180 days	—		0.7		0.8		—		2.4
> 180 <= 270 days	—		0.9		—		0.2		1.4
> 270 days <= 1 year	—		—		0.2		0.1		—
> 1 year <= 2 years	—		0.9		7.2		51.6		106.7
> 2 years <= 3 years	38.6		51.7		45.6		7.3		3.9
> 3 years	11.7		—		0.1		0.1		2.7
Sub-total	50.6		54.6		54.1		59.6		120.8
Fair Value < 70% >= 40% of Amortized Cost
> 1 year <= 2 years	—		—		13.9		26.4		27.7
> 2 years <= 3 years	14.7		25.6		13.5		—		—
> 3 years	—		12.3		12.5		12.9		15.1
Sub-total	14.7		37.9		39.9		39.3		42.8
Fair Value <= 40% of Amortized Cost
> 1 year <= 2 years	—		0.1		0.1		4.5		10.5
> 3 years	0.3		0.2		0.2		0.2		0.2
Sub-total	0.3		0.3		0.3		4.7		10.7
Total	$	65.6	$	92.8	$	94.3	$	103.6	$	174.3

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As of September 30, 2024, we held 23 investment-grade fixed maturity securities with a gross unrealized loss of $10.0 million or greater as shown in the chart below.

Gross Unrealized Losses $10 Million or Greater on Investment-Grade Fixed Maturity Securities
As of September 30, 2024
(in millions of dollars)
Classification	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss		Numbers of Issuers
Basic Industry	$	46.6	$	(11.0)	1
Capital Goods	45.4		(11.2)		1
Communications	312.0		(65.9)		5
Consumer Cyclical	78.6		(18.4)		1
Consumer Non-Cyclical	76.2		(17.6)		1
Financial Institutions	208.9		(35.8)		3
Sovereigns	325.2		(122.8)		2
Transportation	109.6		(34.7)		3
U.S. Government Agencies and Municipalities	35.9		(10.3)		1
Public Utilities	275.2		(66.0)		5
Total	$	1,513.6	$	(393.7)	23

At September 30, 2024, we held one below investment-grade fixed maturity security with a gross unrealized loss greater than $10.0 million. The security is a utilities company and had a fair value of $34.2 million and a gross unrealized loss of $11.2 million.

Unrealized losses on investment-grade fixed maturity securities principally relate to changes in interest rates or changes in market or sector credit spreads which occurred subsequent to the acquisition of the securities. Below-investment-grade fixed maturity securities are generally more likely to develop credit concerns than investment-grade securities. At September 30, 2024, the unrealized losses in our below-investment-grade fixed maturity securities were generally due to higher interest rates, credit spreads in certain industries or sectors and, to a lesser extent, credit concerns related to specific securities. For each specific security in an unrealized loss position, we believe that there are positive factors which mitigate credit concerns and that the securities for which we have not recorded a credit loss will recover in value. We have the ability and intent to continue to hold these securities to recovery of amortized cost less allowance for credit losses.

We had no individual net investment losses of $10.0 million or greater from credit losses or sales of fixed maturity securities during the first nine months of 2024 or 2023.

As of September 30, 2024, the amortized cost net of allowance for credit losses and fair value of our below-investment-grade fixed maturity securities was $1,531.9 million and $1,496.3 million, respectively, and our below-investment-grade fixed maturity securities as a percentage of our total investment portfolio decreased to 3.2 percent at September 30, 2024 from 3.3 percent at December 31, 2023 on a fair value basis. Below-investment-grade securities are inherently riskier than investment-grade securities since the risk of default by the issuer, by definition and as exhibited by bond rating, is higher. Also, the secondary market for certain below-investment-grade issues can be highly illiquid. Additional downgrades may occur, but we do not anticipate any liquidity problems resulting from our investments in below-investment-grade securities, nor do we expect these investments to adversely affect our ability to hold our other investments to maturity.

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Fixed Maturity Securities - Foreign Exposure

Our investments in issuers in foreign countries are chosen for specific portfolio management purposes, including asset and liability management and portfolio diversification across geographic lines and sectors to minimize non-market risks. In our approach to investing in fixed maturity securities, specific investments within approved countries and industry sectors are evaluated for their market position and specific strengths and potential weaknesses.  For each security, we consider the political, legal, and financial environment of the sovereign entity in which an issuer is domiciled and operates. The country of domicile is based on consideration of the issuer's headquarters, in addition to location of the assets and the country in which the majority of sales and earnings are derived.  We do not have exposure to foreign currency risk, as the cash flows from these investments are either denominated in currencies or hedged into currencies to match the related liabilities. We continually evaluate our foreign investment risk exposure.

Mortgage Loans

The carrying value of our mortgage loan portfolio was $2,238.9 million and $2,318.2 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Our investments in mortgage loans are carried at amortized cost less an allowance for expected credit losses which was $16.5 million and $10.2 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Our mortgage loan portfolio is comprised entirely of commercial mortgage loans. Our mortgage loan portfolio is well diversified geographically and among property types.

Due to conservative underwriting, the incidence of non-performing mortgage loans and foreclosure activity continues to be low. Other than our allowance for expected credit losses, we held no specifically identified impaired mortgage loans at September 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023. See Note 4 in the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" contained herein in Item 1 for further discussion of our mortgage loan portfolio and the allowance for expected credit losses.

Private Equity Partnerships

The carrying value of our investments in private equity partnerships was $1,428.0 million and $1,326.2 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. These partnerships are passive in nature and represent funds that are primarily invested in private credit, private equity, and real assets. The carrying value of the partnerships is based on our share of the partnership's NAV and changes in the carrying value are recorded as a component of net investment income. We receive financial information related to our investments in partnerships and generally record investment income on a one-quarter lag in accordance with our accounting policy. We recorded net investment income totaling $19.6 million and $72.6 million for the partnerships in the third quarter and first nine months of 2024, respectively. The majority of our investments in partnerships are not redeemable. Distributions received from the funds arise from income generated by the underlying investments as well as the liquidation of the underlying investments. There is generally not a public market for these investments. We had $805.6 million of commitments for additional investments in the partnerships at September 30, 2024 which may or may not be funded. See Note 3 in the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" contained herein in Item 1 for further discussion of our private equity partnerships.

Derivative Financial Instruments

We use derivative financial instruments primarily to manage interest rate risk, risk related to matching duration for our assets and liabilities, foreign currency risk, and equity risk. Historically, we have utilized current and forward interest rate swaps, current and forward currency swaps, forward benchmark interest rate locks, currency forward contracts, forward contracts on specific fixed income securities, and total return swaps. During the first nine months of 2024, we entered into $806 million of notional forward U.S. Treasury interest rate locks in our long-term care product line to manage our reinvestment risk. Credit exposure on derivatives is limited to the value of those contracts in a net gain position, including accrued interest receivable less collateral held. Our credit exposure was $0.3 million at September 30, 2024. At September 30, 2024, the carrying value of fixed maturity securities and cash collateral received from our counterparties was $30.9 million and $3.4 million, respectively. The carrying value of fixed maturity securities posted as collateral to our counterparties was $50.6 million at September 30, 2024. There was no cash posted as collateral to our counterparties at September 30, 2024. We believe that our credit risk is mitigated by our use of multiple counterparties, all of which have an investment-grade credit rating, and by our use of cross-collateralization agreements. See Note 5 in the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" contained herein in Item 1 for further discussion of our derivatives.

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Our exposure to non-current investments, defined as invested assets which are delinquent as to interest and/or principal payments, totaled $3.8 million on a fair value basis at September 30, 2024. We had no exposure to non-current investments at December 31, 2023.

For further information see "Investments" in Part I, Item 1 and "Critical Accounting Estimates" and "Investments" in Part II, Item 7 of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, and Notes 3, 4, and 5 of the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" contained herein in Item 1.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

Our liquidity requirements are met primarily by cash flows provided from operations, principally in our insurance subsidiaries. Premium and investment income, as well as maturities and sales of invested assets, provide the primary sources of cash. Debt and/or securities offerings provide additional sources of liquidity. Cash is applied to the payment of policy benefits, costs of acquiring new business (principally commissions), operating expenses, and taxes, as well as purchases of new investments.

We have established an investment strategy that we believe will provide for adequate cash flows from operations. We attempt to match our asset cash flows and durations with expected liability cash flows and durations to meet the funding requirements of our business. However, deterioration in the credit market may delay our ability to sell our positions in certain of our fixed maturity securities in a timely manner and adversely impact the price we receive for such securities, which may negatively impact our cash flows. Furthermore, if we experience defaults on securities held in the investment portfolios of our insurance subsidiaries, this will negatively impact statutory capital, which could reduce our insurance subsidiaries' capacity to pay dividends to our holding companies. A reduction in dividends to our holding companies could force us to seek external financing to avoid impairing our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders or meet our debt and other payment obligations.

Our policy benefits are primarily in the form of claim payments, and we have minimal exposure to the policy withdrawal risk associated with deposit products such as individual life policies or annuities. A decrease in demand for our insurance products or an increase in the incidence of new claims or the duration of existing claims could negatively impact our cash flows from operations. However, our historical pattern of benefits paid to revenues is generally consistent, even during cycles of economic downturns, which serves to minimize liquidity risk.

The liquidity requirements of the holding company Unum Group include common stock dividends, interest and debt service, and ongoing investments in our businesses.  Unum Group's liquidity requirements are met by assets held by Unum Group and our intermediate holding companies, dividends from primarily our insurance subsidiaries, and issuance of common stock, debt, or other capital securities and borrowings from our existing credit facility, as needed. As of September 30, 2024, Unum Group and our intermediate holding companies had available holding company liquidity of $1,393.0 million that was held primarily in bank deposits, commercial paper, money market funds, corporate bonds, municipal bonds and asset backed securities.  No significant restrictions exist on our ability to use or access funds in any of our U.S. or foreign intermediate holding companies. Dividends repatriated from our foreign subsidiaries are eligible for 100 percent exemption from U.S. income tax but may be subject to withholding tax and/or tax on foreign currency gain or loss.

As part of our capital deployment strategy, we may repurchase shares of Unum Group's common stock, as authorized by our board of directors. The timing and amount of repurchase activity is based on market conditions and other considerations, including the level of available cash, alternative uses for cash, and our stock price. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we repurchased 9.7 million shares at a cost of $500.0 million excluding commissions and excise tax.

Our board of directors has authorized the following repurchase programs:

	July 2024 Authorization		October 2023 Authorization1
	(in millions)
Effective Date	August 1, 2024		January 1, 2024
Expiration Date	None		July 31, 2024
Authorized Repurchase Amount	$	1,000.0	$	500.0
Cost of Shares Repurchased Under Repurchase Program	35.8		464.2
Unused and Expired	—		35.8
Remaining Repurchase Amount at September 30, 2024	$	964.2	$	—

1Concurrent with the announcement of the July 2024 repurchase program, we also announced the termination of the October 2023 program as of July 31, 2024, and all unused amounts under that program expired as of that date.

See Note 12 of the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" contained herein in Item 1.

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Cash Available from Subsidiaries

Unum Group and certain of its intermediate holding company subsidiaries depend on payments from subsidiaries to pay dividends to stockholders, to pay debt obligations, and/or to pay expenses. These payments by our insurance and non-insurance subsidiaries may take the form of dividends, operating and investment management fees, and/or interest payments on loans from the parent to a subsidiary.

Restrictions under applicable state insurance laws limit the amount of dividends that can be paid to a parent company from its insurance subsidiaries in any 12-month period without prior approval by regulatory authorities. For life insurance companies domiciled in the U.S., that limitation generally equals, depending on the state of domicile, either ten percent of an insurer's statutory surplus with respect to policyholders as of the preceding year end or the statutory net gain from operations, excluding realized capital gains and losses, of the preceding year. The payment of dividends to a parent company from a life insurance subsidiary is generally further limited to the amount of unassigned funds.

In connection with a financial examination of Unum America, which closed at the end of the second quarter of 2020, the Maine Bureau of Insurance (MBOI) concluded that Unum America’s long-term care statutory reserves were deficient by $2,100 million as of December 31, 2018, the financial statement date of the examination period. The amount reserves are deficient may increase or decrease over time based on changes in assumed reinvestment rates, policyholder inventories, premium rate increase activity, and the underlying growth in the locked in statutory reserve basis as well as updates to other long term actuarial assumptions. The MBOI granted permission to Unum America on May 1, 2020, to phase in the additional statutory reserves over seven years beginning with year-end 2020 and ending with year-end 2026. The calculation of the premium deficiency reserve (PDR) reflects specific assumptions set by the MBOI and results in significant margin above Unum America’s best estimate assumptions. As of December 31, 2023, the PDR calculated under the basis resulting from the MBOI examination was $1,604 million, which has been fully recognized. Our long-term care reserves and financial results reported under generally accepted accounting principles were not affected by the MBOI’s examination conclusion.

Unum America cedes blocks of long-term care business to Fairwind Insurance Company (Fairwind), which is an affiliated captive reinsurance subsidiary domiciled in the United States. The ability of Fairwind to pay dividends to Unum Group will depend on its satisfaction of applicable regulatory requirements and on the performance of the business reinsured by Fairwind. Fairwind did not pay dividends in 2023 nor do we anticipate that Fairwind will pay dividends in 2024. Unum Group did not make any capital contributions to Fairwind during the first nine months of 2024, nor do we expect to make capital contributions for the remainder of the year.

The ability of Unum Group and certain of its intermediate holding company subsidiaries to continue to receive dividends from their insurance subsidiaries also depends on additional factors such as RBC ratios and capital adequacy and/or solvency requirements, funding growth objectives at an affiliate level, and maintaining appropriate capital adequacy ratios to support desired ratings. The RBC ratios for our U.S. insurance subsidiaries at September 30, 2024 are in line with our expectations and are significantly above the level that would require state regulatory action.

Unum Group and/or certain of its intermediate holding company subsidiaries may also receive dividends from our U.K. subsidiaries, the payment of which may be subject to applicable insurance company regulations and capital guidance in the U.K. Unum Limited is subject to the requirements of Solvency II, a European Union (EU) directive that is part of retained UK law pursuant to the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018, which prescribes capital requirements and risk management standards for the European insurance industry. Our U.K. holding company is also subject to the Solvency II requirements relevant to insurance holding companies while, together with certain of its subsidiaries including Unum Limited, the group (the Unum UK Solvency II Group) is subject to group supervision under Solvency II. The Unum UK Solvency II Group received approval from the U.K. Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) to use its own internal model for calculating regulatory capital and also received approval for certain associated regulatory permissions including transitional relief as the Solvency II capital regime continues to be implemented. In connection with the U.K.’s exit from the EU, the U.K. government is reviewing the regulatory framework of financial services companies. Certain changes have already been finalized, which have improved the solvency position of our U.K. business at September 30, 2024. Additionally, the remaining pending proposals may lead to future changes in the solvency position of our U.K. business.

The payment of dividends to the parent company from our subsidiaries also requires the approval of the individual subsidiary's board of directors.

During 2024, we intend to maintain a level of capital in our insurance subsidiaries above the applicable capital adequacy requirements and minimum solvency margins.

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Insurance regulatory restrictions do not limit the amount of dividends available for distribution from non-insurance subsidiaries except where the non-insurance subsidiaries are held directly or indirectly by an insurance subsidiary and only indirectly by Unum Group, which does not apply to our current entity structure.

Funding for Employee Benefit Plans

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we made contributions of $59.6 million and £3.8 million to our U.S. and U.K. defined contribution plans, respectively, and expect to make additional contributions of approximately $18 million and £1 million during the remainder of 2024. We had no regulatory contribution requirements for our U.S. and U.K. qualified defined benefit pension plans and made no voluntary contributions during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. We do not expect to have regulatory contribution requirements for our U.S. and U.K. qualified defined benefit pension plans during the remainder of 2024, but we reserve the right to make voluntary contributions during the remainder of 2024. We have met all minimum pension funding requirements set forth by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act. We have estimated our future funding requirements under the Pension Protection Act of 2006 and under applicable U.K. law and do not believe that any future funding requirements will cause a material adverse effect on our liquidity. See Note 11 of the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 for further discussion.

Debt, Term Loan Facility, Credit Facilities and Other Sources of Liquidity

Our long-term debt balance at September 30, 2024 was $3,470.4 million, net of deferred debt issuance costs of $32.3 million, and is comprised of our unsecured senior notes, unsecured medium-term notes, and junior subordinated debt securities.

In June 2024, we issued $400.0 million of 6.000% senior notes due 2054. The notes are callable at or above par and rank equally in the right of payment with all of our other unsecured and unsubordinated debt. A portion of the net proceeds of the offering were used to repay the $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of outstanding indebtedness under our senior unsecured delayed draw term loan facility, which was terminated upon repayment. The remaining balance of the net proceeds is expected to be used for general corporate purposes.

During November 2021, we entered into a 20-year facility agreement with a Delaware statutory trust (the P-Caps Trust), in connection with the sale by the P-Caps Trust of $400.0 million of pre-capitalized trust securities (P-Caps) in a Rule 144A private placement. The P-Caps Trust invested the proceeds from the sale of the P-Caps in a portfolio of principal and interest strips of U.S. Treasury securities (the Trust Assets). The facility agreement gave us the right to issue and require the P-Caps Trust to purchase, on one or more occasions, up to $400.0 million of our 4.046% senior notes due 2041 (the 2041 Senior Notes) in exchange for the Trust Assets. Under the facility agreement, we agreed to pay a semi-annual facility fee to the P-Caps Trust at a rate of 2.225% per year on the unexercised portion of the maximum amount of 2041 senior notes that we could issue and sell to the P-Caps Trust and to reimburse the P-Caps Trust for its expenses.

In October 2024, we exercised our issuance right in full under the facility agreement and issued $400.0 million of the 2041 Senior Notes to the P-Caps Trust in exchange for the Trust Assets, thereby triggering our recognition of the 2041 Senior Notes on our consolidated balance sheets. The Trust Assets had a fair value of $273.5 million when the 2041 Senior Notes were issued. We directed the trustee of the P-Caps Trust to dissolve the P-Caps Trust and to deliver the 2041 Senior Notes to the beneficial holders of the P-Caps pro rata in respect of each P-Cap. The 2041 Senior Notes are callable at or above par and rank equally in the right of payment with all of our other unsecured and unsubordinated debt. The net proceeds from the issuance of the 2041 Senior Notes and subsequent sale of the Trust Assets are expected to be used for future share repurchases. See Note 14 of the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" contained herein in Item 1.

We have a five-year $500 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility with a syndicate of lenders which is currently scheduled to expire in April 2027. We may request that the lenders’ aggregate commitments of $500.0 million under the facility be increased by up to an additional $200.0 million. Certain of our traditional U.S. life insurance subsidiaries may also borrow under the credit facility, subject to an unconditional guarantee by Unum Group. At September 30, 2024, there were no borrowed amounts outstanding under the revolving credit facility and letters of credit totaling $0.4 million had been issued.

We have a five-year £75 million senior unsecured standby letter of credit facility with a different syndicate of lenders, pursuant to which a syndicated letter of credit was issued in favor of Unum Limited (as beneficiary), our U.K. insurance subsidiary, and is available for drawings up to £75 million until its scheduled expiration in July 2026. We have an additional five-year, £75 million senior standby letter of credit facility pursuant to which a standby letter of credit was issued in favor of Unum Limited

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(as beneficiary), our U.K. insurance subsidiary, and is available for drawings up to £75.0 million until its scheduled expiration in December 2028. In connection with and as security for the senior standby letter of credit facility, we granted to the issuer of the standby letter of credit the right to exercise, if an event of default occurred and was continuing, the issuance right under the facility agreement with the P-Caps Trust, up to a maximum of $200.0 million. In October 2024, prior to our exercise of the issuance right under the facility agreement, the assigned issuance right was forfeited in its entirety.

At September 30, 2024, no amounts have been borrowed under the standby credit facilities or letters of credit.

There are no significant financial covenants associated with any of our debt obligations other than our borrowings under the credit facilities, which are subject to financial covenants, negative covenants, and events of default that are customary. Each credit facility includes financial covenants based on our leverage ratio and consolidated net worth as well as covenants that limit subsidiary indebtedness. We continually monitor our debt covenants to ensure we remain in compliance. We have not observed any current trends that would cause a breach of any debt covenants.

See "Debt, Term Loan Facility, Credit Facilities and Other Sources of Liquidity" and Note 10 of the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" contained in Part II, Items 7 and 8, respectively, of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 for further discussion.

Shelf Registration

We maintain a shelf registration with the Securities and Exchange Commission to issue various types of securities, including common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, depository shares, stock purchase contracts, units and warrants. The shelf registration enables us to raise funds from the offering of any securities covered by the shelf registration as well as any combination thereof, subject to market conditions and our capital needs.

Commitments

As of September 30, 2024, we had commitments of $38.0 million to fund investments in private placement fixed maturity securities and $805.6 million to fund private equity partnerships. In addition, we had $28.5 million of commercial mortgage loan commitments.

With respect to our commitments and off-balance sheet arrangements, see the discussion under "Cash Requirements" in Part II, Item 7 of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. During the first nine months of 2024, there were no substantive changes in our commitments, contractual obligations, or other off-balance sheet arrangements other than the changes noted herein.

Transfers of Financial Assets

Our investment policy permits us to lend fixed maturity securities to unaffiliated financial institutions in short-term securities lending agreements, which increases our investment income with minimal risk. We account for all of our securities lending agreements and repurchase agreements as secured borrowings. As of September 30, 2024, we held $25.8 million of cash collateral from securities lending agreements. The average cash collateral balance during the first nine months of 2024 was $46.2 million, and the maximum amount outstanding at any month end was $133.0 million. As of September 30, 2024, we held $34.4 million of off-balance sheet securities lending agreements which were collateralized by securities that we were neither permitted to sell nor control. The average balance of these off-balance sheet transactions during the first nine months of 2024 was $27.9 million, and the maximum amount outstanding at any month end was $38.6 million.

To manage our cash position more efficiently, we may enter into securities repurchase agreements with unaffiliated financial institutions. We generally use securities repurchase agreements as a means to finance the purchase of invested assets or for short-term general business purposes until projected cash flows become available from our operations or existing investments. We had no securities repurchase agreements outstanding at September 30, 2024, nor did we utilize any securities repurchase agreements during the first nine months of 2024. Our use of securities repurchase agreements and securities lending agreements can fluctuate during any given period and will depend on our liquidity position, the availability of long-term investments that meet our purchasing criteria, and our general business needs.

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Certain of our U.S. insurance subsidiaries are members of regional FHLBs. As of September 30, 2024, we owned $25.6 million of FHLB common stock and had outstanding advances of $299.0 million from the regional FHLBs which were used for the purpose of investing in fixed maturity securities. As of September 30, 2024, we have additional borrowing capacity of approximately $642.1 million from the FHLBs.

See Note 4 of the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" contained herein in Item 1 for further information.

Consolidated Cash Flows

(in millions of dollars)
	Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities	$	1,027.4	$	859.3
Net Cash Used by Investing Activities	(393.1)		(498.6)
Net Cash Used by Financing Activities	(616.9)		(314.0)
Net Increase in Cash and Bank Deposits	$	17.4	$	46.7

Operating Cash Flows

Operating cash flows are primarily attributable to the receipt of premium and investment income, offset by payments of claims, commissions, expenses, and income taxes. Premium income growth is dependent not only on new sales, but on policy renewals and growth of existing business, renewal price increases, and persistency. Investment income growth is dependent on the growth in the underlying assets supporting our insurance liabilities and capital and on the earned yield. The level of commissions and operating expenses is attributable to the level of sales and the first year acquisition expenses associated with new business as well as the maintenance of existing business. The level of paid claims is affected partially by the growth and aging of the block of business and also by the general economy, as previously discussed in the operating results by segment.

Investing Cash Flows

Investing cash inflows consist primarily of the proceeds from the sales and maturities of investments. Investing cash outflows consist primarily of payments for purchases of investments. Our investment strategy is to match the cash flows and durations of our assets with the cash flows and durations of our liabilities to meet the funding requirements of our business. When market opportunities arise, we may sell selected securities and reinvest the proceeds to improve the yield and credit quality of our portfolio. We may at times also sell selected securities and reinvest the proceeds to improve the duration matching of our assets and liabilities and/or re-balance our portfolio. As a result, sales before maturity may vary from period to period. The sale and purchase of short-term investments is influenced by proceeds received from FHLB funding advances, issuance of debt, our securities lending program, and by the amount of cash which is at times held in short-term investments to facilitate the availability of cash to fund the purchase of appropriate long-term investments, repay maturing debt, and/or to fund our capital deployment program.

During the third quarter of 2023, we sold over $700.0 million of shorter duration bonds in our long-term care portfolio and reinvested the proceeds in higher quality, higher yielding, and longer duration bonds that better match our liability cash flows. As a result of this activity, both sales and purchases of fixed maturity securities were lower in the first nine months of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023.

See Note 4 of the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" contained herein in Item 1 for further information.

Financing Cash Flows

Financing cash flows consist primarily of borrowings and repayments of debt, dividends paid to stockholders, repurchases of common stock, and policyholders' account deposits and withdrawals.

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Cash used to repurchase shares of Unum Group's common stock during the first nine months of 2024 and 2023 was $500.0 million and $174.2 million, respectively. In connection with the repurchases made during the first nine months of 2024 and 2023, we recognized $4.8 million and $1.2 million, respectively, of excise tax which has not been settled as of September 30, 2024. During the first nine months of 2024 and 2023, we paid dividends of $219.3 million and $205.7 million, respectively, to holders of Unum Group's common stock.

Also included in financing cash flows during the first nine months of 2024 and 2023 was $26.7 million and $18.6 million, respectively, of cash received related to the active life cohort volatility agreement with Commonwealth as a result of the Closed Block individual disability reinsurance transaction.

In June 2024, we issued $400.0 million of 6.000% senior notes due 2054 and received proceeds of $391.6 million. A portion of the net proceeds of the offering were used to repay the outstanding indebtedness under our senior unsecured delayed draw term loan facility, resulting in a cash outflow of $350.0 million.

Ratings

AM Best, Fitch Ratings (Fitch), Moody's Investors Service (Moody's), and Standard & Poor's Rating Services (S&P) are among the third parties that assign issuer credit ratings to Unum Group and financial strength ratings to our insurance subsidiaries. Issuer credit ratings reflect an agency's opinion of the overall financial capacity of a company to meet its senior debt obligations. Financial strength ratings are specific to each individual insurance subsidiary and reflect each rating agency's view of the overall financial strength (capital levels, earnings, growth, investments, business mix, operating performance, and market position) of the insuring entity and its ability to meet its obligations to policyholders. Both the issuer credit ratings and financial strength ratings incorporate quantitative and qualitative analyses by rating agencies and are routinely reviewed and updated on an ongoing basis.

We compete based in part on the financial strength ratings provided by rating agencies. A downgrade of our financial strength ratings can be expected to adversely affect us and could potentially, among other things, adversely affect our relationships with distributors of our products and services and retention of our sales force, negatively impact persistency and new sales, particularly large case group sales and individual sales, and generally adversely affect our ability to compete. A downgrade in the issuer credit rating assigned to Unum Group can be expected to adversely affect our cost of capital or our ability to raise additional capital.

The table below reflects the outlook as well as the senior unsecured debt ratings for Unum Group and the financial strength ratings for each of our traditional insurance subsidiaries as of the date of this filing.

	AM Best	Fitch	Moody's	S&P
Outlooks	Stable	Positive	Stable	Stable
Senior Unsecured Debt Ratings	bbb+	BBB	Baa2	BBB
Financial Strength Ratings
Provident Life and Accident Insurance Company	A	A	A2	A
Unum Life Insurance Company of America	A	A	A2	A
First Unum Life Insurance Company	A	A	A2	A
Colonial Life & Accident Insurance Company	A	A	A2	A
The Paul Revere Life Insurance Company	A	A	A2	A
Unum Insurance Company	A	A	A2	NR
Provident Life and Casualty Insurance Company	A	A	NR	NR
Starmount Life Insurance Company	A	NR	NR	NR
Unum Limited	NR	NR	NR	A-

NR = not rated

We maintain an ongoing dialogue with the four rating agencies that evaluate us in order to inform them of progress we are making regarding our strategic objectives and financial plans as well as other pertinent issues. A significant component of our

133

communications involves our annual review meeting with each of the four agencies. We hold other meetings throughout the year regarding our business, including, but not limited to, quarterly updates.

In May 2024, Moody's upgraded its senior unsecured debt ratings to Baa2 from Baa3 and also upgraded its financial strength ratings of our rated domestic insurance subsidiaries to A2 from A3. The ratings upgrade reflects strong capital levels, a reduction in asset risk, increasing profitability in the core business, and an improved long-term care position.

In September 2024, Fitch revised its outlook to positive from stable. The revision reflects strong capital and liquidity positions, sustained levels of improved profitability, and actions taken to mitigate risk in long-term care.

There have been no other changes in the rating agencies' outlooks or ratings during 2024 prior to the date of this filing.

Agency ratings are not directed toward the holders of our securities and are not recommendations to buy, sell, or hold our securities. Each rating is subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating organization, and each rating should be regarded as an independent assessment, not conditional on any other rating. Given the dynamic nature of the ratings process, changes by these or other rating agencies may or may not occur in the near-term. We have ongoing dialogue with the rating agencies concerning our insurance risk profile, our financial flexibility, our operating performance, and the quality of our investment portfolios. The rating agencies provide specific criteria and, depending on our performance relative to the criteria, will determine future negative or positive rating agency actions.

See our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 for further information regarding our debt, issuer credit ratings and financial strength ratings and the risks associated with rating changes.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are subject to various market risk exposures including interest rate risk and foreign exchange rate risk. With respect to our exposure to market risk, see the discussion under "Investments" in Item 2 of this Form 10-Q and in Part II, Item 7A of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. During the first nine months of 2024, there was no substantive change to our market risk or the management of this risk.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as of the end of the period covered by this report. We evaluated those controls based on the 2013 Internal Control - Integrated Framework from the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on that evaluation, these officers concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2024.

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, during the quarter ended September 30, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Refer to Part I, Item 1, Note 13 of the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" for information on legal proceedings.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The following table provides information about our share repurchase activity for the third quarter of 2024.

	(a) Total Number of Shares Purchased (3)	(b) Average Price Paid per Share (1) (3)		(c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program (2) (3)	(d) Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program (1) (2) (3)
July 1 - July 31, 2024	2,467,603	$	53.53	2,467,603	$	—
August 1 - August 31, 2024	302,023	54.39		302,023	983,573,062
September 1 - September 30, 2024	943,599	54.55		943,599	964,160,418
Total	3,713,225			3,713,225

(1) Excludes the cost of commissions and excise tax.

(2) In October 2023, our board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $500.0 million of Unum Group's outstanding common stock beginning January 1, 2024. In July 2024, our board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $1,000.0 million of Unum Group's outstanding common stock beginning on August 1, 2024. The repurchase program authorized in July 2024 replaced the October 2023 authorization and has no scheduled termination date. On July 31, 2024, the remaining unused authorized repurchase amount under the October 2023 authorization expired.

(3) In July 2024, we entered into an accelerated share repurchase agreement. As part of this transaction, we paid $150.0 million to a financial counterparty, which resulted in an immediate, corresponding reduction to the remaining authorized repurchase amount, and received an initial delivery of 2,197,265 shares of our common stock, which represented approximately 75 percent of the total delivery under the agreement. The final price adjustment settlement, along with the delivery of the remaining shares, occurred in September 2024, resulting in the delivery of 597,276 additional shares. In total, we repurchased 2,794,541 shares pursuant to the July 2024 accelerated share repurchase agreement. The remaining shares repurchased during the third quarter of 2024 were purchased in open market transactions.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Securities trading plans

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.

P-Caps Trust

On November 17, 2021, the Company raised $400.0 million of contingent liquidity through the issuance and sale by Hill City Funding Trust, a Delaware statutory trust (the P-Caps Trust), of 400,000 of pre-capitalized trust securities redeemable August 15, 2041 (the P-Caps) for an aggregate purchase price of $400.0 million in a private placement pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. In connection with the issuance and sale of the P-Caps, the Company entered into a facility agreement with the P-Caps Trust and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as notes trustee, pursuant to which the Company had the right to issue to the P-Caps Trust, and to require the P-Caps Trust to purchase from the Company, on one or more occasions, up to an aggregate principal amount at any one time outstanding of $400.0 million of the Company’s

135

4.046% Senior Notes due August 15, 2041 (the 2041 Senior Notes), in exchange for all or a portion of the portfolio of principal and interest strips of U.S. Treasury Securities held by the P-Caps Trust (the Trust Assets) corresponding to the amount of the issuance right being exercised at that time.

On October 24, 2024, the Company exercised in full its issuance right under the facility agreement, following which the Company: (i) issued $400.0 million principal amount of the 2041 Senior Notes to the P-Caps Trust on October 28, 2024 in exchange for the Trust Assets; and (ii) directed the trustee of the P-Caps Trust to dissolve the P-Caps Trust in accordance with its declaration of trust and deliver the 2041 Senior Notes to the beneficial holders of the P-Caps pro rata in respect of each P-Cap.

In connection with the dissolution of the P-Caps Trust, the beneficial holders of the P-Caps will receive the 2041 Senior Notes through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company.

136

Table of Contents

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Index to Exhibits
(31.1)	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
(31.2)	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
(32.1)	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
(32.2)	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
(101)	The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document.
(104)	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

137

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	Unum Group
	(Registrant)
Date: October 30, 2024	By:	/s/ Steven A. Zabel
		Steven A. Zabel
		Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Date: October 30, 2024	By:	/s/ Walter L. Rice, Jr.
		Walter L. Rice, Jr.
		Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer

138

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Richard P. McKenney, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Unum Group;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: October 30, 2024	/s/ Richard P. McKenney
	Richard P. McKenney
	President and Chief Executive Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has been provided to Unum Group and will be retained by Unum Group and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Steven A. Zabel, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Unum Group;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: October 30, 2024	/s/ Steven A. Zabel
	Steven A. Zabel
	Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has been provided to Unum Group and will be retained by Unum Group and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

STATEMENT OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

OF UNUM GROUP

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

§ 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Unum Group (the Company) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the Report), the undersigned, Richard P. McKenney, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: October 30, 2024	/s/ Richard P. McKenney
	Richard P. McKenney
	President and Chief Executive Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has been provided to Unum Group and will be retained by Unum Group and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

EX-32.2

EXHIBIT 32.2

STATEMENT OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

OF UNUM GROUP

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

§ 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Unum Group (the Company) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2024 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the Report), the undersigned, Steven A. Zabel, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: October 30, 2024	/s/ Steven A. Zabel
	Steven A. Zabel
	Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has been provided to Unum Group and will be retained by Unum Group and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Oct. 28, 2024
Entity Information
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2024
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-11294
Entity Registrant Name	Unum Group
Entity Central Index Key	0000005513
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	62-1598430
Entity Address, Address Line One	1 Fountain Square
Entity Address, City or Town	Chattanooga,
Entity Address, State or Province	TN
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	37402
City Area Code	423
Local Phone Number	294-1011
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		182,611,898
NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | Common Class A
Entity Information
Trading Symbol	UNM
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock, $0.10 par value
NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE, INC. | 6.250% Junior Subordinated Notes due 2058
Entity Information
Trading Symbol	UNMA
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Title of 12(b) Security	6.250% Junior Subordinated Notes due 2058

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Investments
Fixed Maturity Securities - at fair value (amortized cost of $38,822.6; $38,410.6; allowance for credit losses of $2.9; $2.2)	$ 37,783.5	$ 36,833.9
Mortgage Loans (net of allowance for credit losses of $16.5; $10.2)	2,238.9	2,318.2
Policy Loans	3,625.6	3,620.2
Other Long-term Investments	1,682.8	1,579.4
Short-term Investments	1,990.8	1,610.7
Total Investments	47,321.6	45,962.4
Other Assets
Cash and Bank Deposits	163.4	146.0
Accounts and Premiums Receivable (net of allowance for credit losses of $27.1; $29.5)	1,495.7	1,543.7
Reinsurance Recoverable (net of allowance for credit losses of $1.7; $1.7)	8,637.6	9,108.4
Accrued Investment Income	786.8	633.9
Deferred Acquisition Costs	2,823.5	2,714.5
Goodwill	352.0	349.9
Property and Equipment	495.2	485.3
Deferred Income Tax	431.9	649.4
Other Assets	1,632.8	1,661.7
Total Assets	64,140.5	63,255.2
Liabilities
Future Policy Benefits	39,444.5	40,009.4
Policyholders' Account Balances	5,661.3	5,667.7
Unearned Premiums	474.7	380.2
Other Policyholders’ Funds	1,507.7	1,615.7
Income Tax Payable	137.7	190.0
Deferred Income Tax	28.5	27.0
Long-term Debt	3,470.4	3,430.4
Other Liabilities	2,464.3	2,283.4
Total Liabilities	53,189.1	53,603.8
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities - Note 13
Stockholders' Equity
Common Stock, $0.10 par; authorized: 725,000,000 shares; issued: 195,419,352 and 194,588,625 shares	19.5	19.4
Additional Paid-in Capital	1,563.3	1,547.8
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	(2,729.7)	(3,308.0)
Retained Earnings	12,642.4	11,431.5
Treasury Stock - at cost: 10,918,177 and 1,216,528 shares	(544.1)	(39.3)
Total Stockholders' Equity	10,951.4	9,651.4
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$ 64,140.5	$ 63,255.2

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Investments
Amortized Cost of Fixed Maturity Securities	$ 38,822.6	$ 38,410.6
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for credit losses for Fixed Maturity Securities	2.9	2.2
Other Assets
Premium Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss	27.1	29.5
Reinsurance Recoverable, Allowance for Credit Loss	$ 1.7	$ 1.7
Stockholders' Equity
Common Stock, Par Value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.10	$ 0.10
Common Stock, Shares Authorized	725,000,000	725,000,000
Common Stock, Shares Issued	195,419,352	194,588,625
Treasury Stock, Common, Shares	10,918,177	1,216,528

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Revenue
Premium Income	$ 2,628.8	$ 2,525.9	$ 7,866.3	$ 7,494.3
Net Investment Income	527.8	526.0	1,586.4	1,565.9
Net Investment Loss	(12.9)	(31.0)	(24.5)	(30.0)
Other Income	73.3	71.6	222.5	210.6
Total Revenue	3,217.0	3,092.5	9,650.7	9,240.8
Benefits and Expenses
Policy Benefits	1,864.6	1,778.6	5,624.2	5,498.6
Policy Benefits - Remeasurement Loss (Gain)	(402.7)	168.4	(567.5)	(61.6)
Commissions	315.1	289.7	947.8	869.7
Interest and Debt Expense	49.2	48.6	148.6	145.6
Deferral of Acquisition Costs	(163.3)	(153.3)	(495.3)	(467.5)
Amortization of Deferred Acquisition Costs	133.8	129.1	387.9	358.7
Compensation Expense	294.2	297.9	895.9	867.3
Other Expenses	311.5	271.8	903.3	818.6
Total Benefits and Expenses	2,402.4	2,830.8	7,844.9	8,029.4
Income Before Income Tax	814.6	261.7	1,805.8	1,211.4
Income Tax
Current	95.6	187.5	315.8	381.7
Deferred	73.3	(127.8)	59.6	(123.5)
Total Income Tax	168.9	59.7	375.4	258.2
Net Income	$ 645.7	$ 202.0	$ 1,430.4	$ 953.2
Net Income Per Common Share
Basic	$ 3.46	$ 1.03	$ 7.54	$ 4.83
Assuming Dilution	$ 3.46	$ 1.02	$ 7.52	$ 4.81

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net Income	$ 645.7	$ 202.0	$ 1,430.4	$ 953.2
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Change in Net Unrealized Loss on Securities (net of tax expense (benefit) of $327.6; $(313.8); $110.4; $(249.2))	1,232.6	(1,185.8)	427.9	(920.0)
Change in the Effect of Discount Rate Assumptions on the Liability for Future Policy Benefits, Net of Reinsurance (net of tax expense (benefit) of $(329.3); $445.0; $35.6; $368.2)	(1,239.3)	1,688.4	121.4	1,374.6
Change in Net Loss on Derivatives (net of tax expense (benefit) of $14.1; $(38.9); $(9.0); $(44.7))	55.7	(144.4)	(35.2)	(168.1)
Change in Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment (net of tax expense (benefit) of $—; $(0.7); $1.5; $0.3)	68.5	(55.1)	61.2	7.9
Change in Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs (net of tax expense (benefit) of $(0.3); $1.2; $9.8; $1.1)	1.0	(3.9)	(3.0)	(3.3)
Net Other Comprehensive Income	116.5	307.0	578.3	297.7
Comprehensive Income	$ 762.2	$ 509.0	$ 2,008.7	$ 1,250.9

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STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Change in Net Unrealized Gain on Securities After Adjustment, Tax Expense (Benefit)	$ 327.6	$ (313.8)	$ 110.4	$ (249.2)
OCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Gain (Loss), after REclassification Adjustment, Tax	(329.3)	445.0	35.6	368.2
Change in Net Gain on Hedges, Tax Benefit	(14.1)	38.9	9.0	44.7
Change in Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment, Tax Expense	0.0	0.7	(1.5)	(0.3)
Change in Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit costs, Tax Expense	$ 0.3	$ (1.2)	$ (9.8)	$ (1.1)

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Millions	Total		Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Retained Earnings	Treasury Stock, Common
Balance at Beginning of Year at Dec. 31, 2022			$ 30.8	$ 2,441.0	$ (3,448.3)	$ 13,141.3	$ (3,429.8)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Common Stock Activity			0.1	13.3
Other Comprehensive Income	$ 297.7
Net Income	953.2					953.2
Dividends to Stockholders (per common share: $0.420; $0.365; $1.150; $1.025)						(205.8)
Cost of Shares Repurchased	175.4						175.4
Balance at End of Year at Sep. 30, 2023	9,618.1		30.9	2,454.3	(3,150.6)	13,888.7	(3,605.2)
Balance at Beginning of Year at Jun. 30, 2023			30.9	2,444.9	(3,457.6)	13,758.1	(3,530.4)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Common Stock Activity			0.0	9.4
Other Comprehensive Income	307.0				307.0
Net Income	202.0					202.0
Dividends to Stockholders (per common share: $0.420; $0.365; $1.150; $1.025)						(71.4)
Cost of Shares Repurchased	74.8						74.8
Balance at End of Year at Sep. 30, 2023	9,618.1		30.9	2,454.3	(3,150.6)	13,888.7	(3,605.2)
Balance at Beginning of Year at Dec. 31, 2023	9,651.4		19.4	1,547.8	(3,308.0)	11,431.5	(39.3)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Common Stock Activity			0.1	15.5
Other Comprehensive Income	578.3				578.3
Net Income	1,430.4					1,430.4
Dividends to Stockholders (per common share: $0.420; $0.365; $1.150; $1.025)						(219.5)
Cost of Shares Repurchased	504.8	[1]					504.8
Balance at End of Year at Sep. 30, 2024	10,951.4		19.5	1,563.3	(2,729.7)	12,642.4	(544.1)
Balance at Beginning of Year at Jun. 30, 2024			19.5	1,558.8	(2,846.2)	12,074.6	(342.1)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity
Common Stock Activity			0.0	4.5
Other Comprehensive Income	116.5				116.5
Net Income	645.7					645.7
Dividends to Stockholders (per common share: $0.420; $0.365; $1.150; $1.025)						(77.9)
Cost of Shares Repurchased	202.0	[1]					202.0
Balance at End of Year at Sep. 30, 2024	$ 10,951.4		$ 19.5	$ 1,563.3	$ (2,729.7)	$ 12,642.4	$ (544.1)

[1] 1Includes a de minimis amount of commissions for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and a de minimis amount and $0.1 million of commissions for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. Also includes $2.0 million and $4.8 million of excise tax for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $0.7 million and $1.2 million of excise tax for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Common Stock, Dividends, Per Share, Cash Paid	$ 0.420	$ 0.365	$ 1.150	$ 1.025

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED) - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net Income	$ 1,430.4	$ 953.2
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
Change in Receivables	566.4	455.9
Deferred Policy Acquisition Cost	(107.4)	(108.8)
Change in Insurance Liabilities	(631.0)	(169.3)
Change in Income Taxes	21.9	(26.9)
Change in Other Accrued Liabilities	(58.3)	(150.2)
Non-cash Components of Net Investment Income	(327.9)	(262.9)
Net Investment Loss	24.5	30.0
Depreciation	89.9	80.9
Amortization of the Cost of Reinsurance	31.1	33.1
Other, Net	(12.2)	24.3
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities	1,027.4	859.3
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Proceeds from Sale of Debt Securities, Available-for-sale	356.5	1,013.5
Proceeds from Maturities of Fixed Maturity Securities	997.2	1,113.9
Proceeds from Sales and Maturities of Other Investments	234.8	275.2
Payments to Acquire Debt Securities, Available-for-sale	(1,550.9)	(2,439.4)
Purchases of Other Investments	(218.6)	(227.1)
Net Purchases of Short-term Investments	(307.9)	(45.2)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Payables for Collateral on Investments	189.5	(100.4)
Net Purchases of Property and Equipment	(93.7)	(89.1)
Net Cash Used by Investing Activities	(393.1)	(498.6)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Issuance of Long-term Debt	391.6	0.0
Repayments of Long-term Debt	350.0	0.0
Issuance of Common Stock	4.8	4.1
Repurchase of Common Stock	(500.0)	(174.2)
Dividends Paid to Stockholders	(219.3)	(205.7)
Proceeds from Policyholder Account Deposits	100.9	109.3
Payments for Policyholder Account Withdrawals	(65.5)	(65.2)
Cash Received Related to Active Life Volatility Cover Agreement	26.7	18.6
Other, Net	(6.1)	(0.9)
Net Cash Used by Financing Activities	(616.9)	(314.0)
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Bank Deposits	17.4	46.7
Cash and Bank Deposits at Beginning of Year	146.0	119.2
Cash and Bank Deposits at End of Period	$ 163.4	$ 165.9

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Basis of Presentation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements of Unum Group and its subsidiaries (the Company) have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

In our opinion, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of full year performance.

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Accounting Developments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Accounting Developments and New Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Accounting Developments

Note 2 - Accounting Developments

Accounting Standards Updates (ASUs) Adopted in 2023:

ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures

The amendments in this update eliminated the troubled debt restructuring recognition and measurement guidance and instead required that an entity evaluate whether the modification represents a new loan or the continuation of an existing loan. The amendments also enhanced the disclosure requirements related to certain modifications of receivables made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. In addition, the amendments in this update required that an entity disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investment in leases.

The amendments in this update were applied prospectively in the period of adoption as of January 1, 2023. The adoption of this update modified our disclosures but did not have an impact on our financial position or results of operations.

ASU 2018-12, Financial Services—Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts and related amendments

This update significantly amended the accounting and disclosure requirements for long-duration insurance contracts. These changes included a requirement to review, and if necessary, update cash flow assumptions used to measure the liability for future policy benefits for traditional and limited-payment contracts at least annually, with changes recognized in earnings. In addition, an entity is required to update the discount rate assumption at each reporting date using a yield that is reflective of an upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument with changes recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) (OCI). These changes resulted in the elimination of the provision for risk of adverse deviation and premium deficiency (or loss recognition) testing for traditional long-duration insurance contracts. The update also required that an entity measure all market risk benefits associated with deposit contracts at fair value, with changes recognized in earnings except for the portion attributable to a change in the instrument-specific credit risk, which is to be recognized in OCI. This update also simplified the amortization of deferred acquisition costs by requiring amortization on a constant level basis over the expected term of the related contracts. Deferred acquisition costs are required to be written off for unexpected contract terminations, but are no longer subject to an impairment test. Significant additional disclosures are required, which include disaggregated rollforwards of certain liability balances and the disclosure of qualitative and quantitative information about expected cash flows, estimates, and assumptions. We do not have products with market risk benefits.

We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2023 using the modified retrospective approach with changes applied as of January 1, 2021, also referred to as the transition date. All historically reported information included in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying footnotes were adjusted as of the transition date to reflect the modified retrospective adoption of ASU 2018-12.

Accounting Updates Outstanding:

ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting and related amendments

The amendments in this update provide optional guidance, for a limited period of time, to ease the potential burden in accounting for and recognizing the effects of reference rate reform on financial reporting. The guidance allows for various practical expedients and exceptions when applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected either by discontinued rates as a direct result of reference rate reform or a market-wide change in interest rates used for discounting, margining or contract price alignment, if certain criteria are met. Specifically, the guidance provides certain practical expedients for contract modifications, fair value hedges, and cash flow hedges, and also provides certain exceptions related to changes in the critical terms of a hedging relationship. The guidance also allows for a one-time election to sell or transfer debt securities that were both classified as held-to-maturity prior to January 1, 2020 and reference a rate affected by the reform.

The adoption of this update is permitted as of the beginning of the interim period that includes March 12, 2020 (the issuance date of the update), or any date thereafter, through December 31, 2024, at which point the guidance will sunset. We have elected practical expedients for contracts impacted by reference rate reform which did not result in a material impact on our financial position or results of operations. We will continue to monitor our contracts and hedging relationships throughout the adoption period.

ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures

The amendments in this update enhance disclosures of significant expenses for reportable segments. Specifically, the update adds a requirement to disclose significant expenses that are regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) and are included in each reported measure of segment profit or loss. This update will require the disclosure of the title and position of the CODM as well as an explanation of how they use the reported measure(s) to assess segment performance and make decisions about allocating resources. The update also requires the disclosure of the amount and composition of other segment items, which is the difference between reported segment revenues less the significant segment expenses. The amendments in this update allow for the disclosure of more than one measure of segment profit or loss, provided that at least one of the reported measures includes the segment profit or loss measure that is most consistent with GAAP measurement principles.

We will adopt this update effective for the annual period ended December 31, 2024 and for the interim period beginning January 1, 2025 using a retrospective approach. The adoption of this update will not have an impact on our financial position or results of operations, but will expand our disclosures effective for the annual period ended December 31, 2024 and subsequent interim periods.

ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures

The amendments in this update require greater disaggregation of income tax disclosures related to the income tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. Specifically, the guidance requires additional information that meet a quantitative threshold in specified categories with respect to the reconciliation of the effective tax rate to the statutory tax rate for federal, state, and foreign income taxes. The specified categories are the following: state and local income taxes, foreign tax effects, effect of cross-border tax laws, enactment of new tax laws, nontaxable or nondeductible items, tax credits, changes in valuation allowances, and changes in unrecognized tax benefits. The quantitative threshold for each category is five percent of the amount computed by multiplying income (or loss) from continuing operations before income taxes by the statutory federal income tax rate. In addition, the amendments require additional information pertaining to income taxes paid, net of refunds, to be disaggregated by federal, state and foreign jurisdictions, and further disaggregated for specific jurisdictions to the extent the related amounts exceed a quantitative threshold of five percent of total income taxes paid. The amendments also require disclosures of income (or loss) before income tax expense (or benefit) as domestic or foreign for each annual reporting period.

The amendments eliminate the historic requirement to disclose information regarding unrecognized tax benefits having a reasonable possibility of significantly increasing or decreasing in the twelve months following the reporting date, as well as the

requirement to disclose the cumulative temporary differences when a deferred tax liability is not recognized due to certain exceptions under ASC 740.

We will adopt this update effective for the annual period beginning January 1, 2025. The adoption of this update is permitted on a prospective basis or a retrospective basis. The adoption of this update will not have an impact on our financial position or results of operations, but will expand our disclosures effective for the annual period beginning January 1, 2025.

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Fair Values of Financial Instruments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Values of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value Measurements for Financial Instruments Carried at Fair Value

We report fixed maturity securities, which are classified as available-for-sale securities, derivative financial instruments, and unrestricted equity securities at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets. We report our investments in private equity partnerships at our share of the partnerships' net asset value per share or its equivalent (NAV) as a practical expedient for fair value.

The degree of judgment utilized in measuring the fair value of financial instruments generally correlates to the level of pricing observability. Financial instruments with readily available active quoted prices or for which fair value can be measured from actively quoted prices in active markets generally have more pricing observability and less judgment utilized in measuring fair value. An active market for a financial instrument is a market in which transactions for an asset or a similar asset occur with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. A quoted price in an active market provides the most reliable evidence of fair value and should be used to measure fair value whenever available. Conversely, financial instruments rarely traded or not quoted have less observability and are measured at fair value using valuation techniques that require more judgment. Pricing observability is generally impacted by a number of factors, including the type of financial instrument, whether the financial instrument is new to the market and not yet established, the characteristics specific to the transaction, and overall market conditions.

We classify financial instruments in accordance with a fair value hierarchy consisting of three levels based on the observability of valuation inputs:

•Level 1 - the highest category of the fair value hierarchy classification wherein inputs are unadjusted and represent quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.

•Level 2 - valued using inputs (other than prices included in Level 1) that are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability through correlation with market data at the measurement date and for the duration of the instrument's anticipated life.

•Level 3 - the lowest category of the fair value hierarchy and reflects the judgment of management regarding what market participants would use in pricing assets or liabilities at the measurement date. Financial assets and liabilities categorized as Level 3 are generally those that are valued using unobservable inputs to extrapolate an estimated fair value.

Valuation Methodologies of Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value

Valuation techniques used for assets and liabilities accounted for at fair value are generally categorized into three types. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach converts future amounts, such as cash flows or earnings, to a single present amount, or a discounted amount. The cost approach is based upon the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset, or the current replacement cost.

We use valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available that can be obtained without undue cost and effort. In some cases, a single valuation technique will be appropriate (for example, when valuing an asset or liability using quoted prices in an active market for identical assets or liabilities). In other cases, multiple valuation techniques will be appropriate. If we use multiple valuation techniques to measure fair value, we evaluate and weigh

the results, as appropriate, considering the reasonableness of the range indicated by those results. A fair value measurement is the point within that range that is most representative of fair value in the circumstances.

The selection of the valuation method(s) to apply considers the definition of an exit price and depends on the nature of the asset or liability being valued. For assets and liabilities accounted for at fair value, we generally use valuation techniques consistent with the market approach, and to a lesser extent, the income approach. We believe the market approach provides more observable data than the income approach, considering the type of investments we hold. Our fair value measurements could differ significantly based on the valuation technique and available inputs. When using a pricing service, we obtain the vendor's pricing documentation to ensure we understand their methodologies. We periodically review and approve the selection of our pricing vendors to ensure we are in agreement with their current methodologies. When markets are less active, brokers may rely more on models with inputs based on the information available only to the broker. Our internal investment management professionals, which include portfolio managers and analysts, monitor securities priced by brokers and evaluate their prices for reasonableness based on benchmarking to available primary and secondary market information. In weighing a broker quote as an input to fair value, we place less reliance on quotes that do not reflect the result of market transactions. We also consider the nature of the quote, particularly whether it is a bid or market quote. If prices in an inactive market do not reflect current prices for the same or similar assets, adjustments may be necessary to arrive at fair value. When relevant market data is unavailable, which may be the case during periods of market uncertainty, the income approach can, in suitable circumstances, provide a more appropriate fair value. During 2024, we have applied valuation approaches and techniques on a consistent basis to similar assets and liabilities and consistent with those approaches and techniques used at year end 2023.

Fixed Maturity and Equity Securities

We use observable and unobservable inputs in measuring the fair value of our fixed maturity and equity securities. For securities categorized as Level 1, fair values equal active Trade Reporting and Compliance Engine (TRACE) pricing or unadjusted market maker prices. For securities categorized as Level 2 or Level 3, inputs that may be used in valuing each class of securities at any given time period are disclosed below. Actual inputs used to determine fair values will vary for each reporting period depending on the availability of inputs which may, at times, be affected by the lack of market liquidity.

		Level 2	Level 3
Instrument		Observable Inputs	Unobservable Inputs
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities
	Valuation Method	Principally the market approach	Not applicable
	Valuation Techniques / Inputs	Prices obtained from external pricing services

		Level 2	Level 3
Instrument		Observable Inputs	Unobservable Inputs
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions
	Valuation Method	Principally the market approach	Principally the market approach
	Valuation Techniques / Inputs	Prices obtained from external pricing services	Analysis of similar bonds, adjusted for comparability
		Relevant reports issued by analysts and rating agencies
		Audited financial statements
Foreign Governments
	Valuation Method	Principally the market approach	Principally the market approach
	Valuation Techniques / Inputs	Prices obtained from external pricing services	Analysis of similar bonds, adjusted for comparability
		Non-binding broker quotes
		Call provisions
Public Utilities
	Valuation Method	Principally the market and income approaches	Principally the market and income approaches
	Valuation Techniques / Inputs	Prices obtained from external pricing services	Change in benchmark reference
		Non-binding broker quotes	Analysis of similar bonds, adjusted for comparability
		Benchmark yields	Discount for size - illiquidity
		Transactional data for new issuances and secondary trades	Volatility of credit
		Security cash flows and structures	Lack of marketability
		Recent issuance / supply
		Audited financial statements
		Security and issuer level spreads
		Security creditor ratings/maturity/capital structure/optionality
		Public covenants
		Comparative bond analysis
		Relevant reports issued by analysts and rating agencies

		Level 2	Level 3
Instrument		Observable Inputs	Unobservable Inputs
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities
	Valuation Method	Principally the market and income approaches	Principally the market approach
	Valuation Techniques / Inputs	Prices obtained from external pricing services	Analysis of similar bonds, adjusted for comparability
		Non-binding broker quotes	Prices obtained from external pricing services
		Security cash flows and structures
		Underlying collateral
		Prepayment speeds/loan performance/delinquencies
		Relevant reports issued by analysts and rating agencies
		Audited financial statements
All Other Corporate Bonds
	Valuation Method	Principally the market and income approaches	Principally the market and income approaches
	Valuation Techniques / Inputs	Prices obtained from external pricing services	Change in benchmark reference
		Non-binding broker quotes	Discount for size - illiquidity
		Benchmark yields	Volatility of credit
		Transactional data for new issuances and secondary trades	Lack of marketability
		Security cash flows and structures	Prices obtained from external pricing services
		Recent issuance / supply
		Security and issuer level spreads
		Security creditor ratings/maturity/capital structure/optionality
		Public covenants
		Comparative bond analysis
		Relevant reports issued by analysts and rating agencies
		Audited financial statements

		Level 2	Level 3
Instrument		Observable Inputs	Unobservable Inputs
Redeemable Preferred Stocks
	Valuation Method	Principally the market approach	Principally the market approach
	Valuation Techniques / Inputs	Non-binding broker quotes	Financial statement analysis
		Benchmark yields
		Comparative bond analysis
		Call provisions
		Relevant reports issued by analysts and rating agencies
		Audited financial statements
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities
	Valuation Method	Principally the market approach	Principally the market and income approaches
	Valuation Techniques / Inputs	Prices obtained from external pricing services	Financial statement analysis
		Non-binding broker quotes

The management of our investment portfolio includes establishing pricing policy and reviewing the reasonableness of sources and inputs used in developing pricing. We review all prices that vary between multiple pricing vendors by a threshold that is outside a normal market range for the asset type.  In the event we receive a vendor's market price that does not appear reasonable based on our market analysis, we may challenge the price and request further information about the assumptions and methodologies used by the vendor to price the security. We may change the selected price based on a better data source such as an actual trade. We also review all prices that did not change from the prior month to ensure that these prices are within our expectations. The overall valuation process for determining fair values may include adjustments to valuations obtained from our pricing sources when they do not represent a valid exit price. These adjustments may be made when, in our judgment and considering our knowledge of the financial conditions and industry in which the issuer operates, certain features of the financial instrument require that an adjustment be made to the value originally obtained from our pricing sources. These features may include the complexity of the financial instrument, the market in which the financial instrument is traded, counterparty credit risk, credit structure, concentration, or liquidity. Additionally, an adjustment to the price derived from a model typically reflects our judgment of the inputs that other participants in the market for the financial instrument being measured at fair value would consider in pricing that same financial instrument. In the event an asset is sold, we test the validity of the fair value determined by our valuation techniques by comparing the selling price to the fair value determined for the asset in the immediately preceding month end reporting period.

Certain of our investments do not have readily determinable market prices and/or observable inputs or may at times be affected by the lack of market liquidity. For these securities, we use internally prepared valuations, including valuations based on estimates of future profitability, to estimate the fair value. Additionally, we may obtain prices from independent third-party brokers to aid in establishing valuations for certain of these securities. Key assumptions used by us to determine fair value for these securities include risk free interest rates, risk premiums, performance of underlying collateral (if any), and other factors involving significant assumptions which may or may not reflect those of an active market.

The parameters and inputs used to validate a price on a security may be adjusted for assumptions about risk and current market conditions on a quarter to quarter basis, as certain features may be more significant drivers of valuation at the time of pricing. Changes to inputs in valuations are not changes to valuation methodologies; rather, the inputs are modified to reflect direct or indirect impacts on asset classes from changes in market conditions.

At September 30, 2024, approximately 21.1 percent of our fixed maturity securities were valued using active trades from TRACE pricing or broker market maker prices for which there was current market activity in that specific security (comparable to receiving one binding quote).  The prices obtained were not adjusted, and the assets were classified as Level 1.

The remaining 78.9 percent of our fixed maturity securities were valued based on non-binding quotes or other observable and unobservable inputs, as discussed below:

•62.8 percent of our fixed maturity securities were valued based on prices from pricing services that generally use observable inputs such as prices for securities or comparable securities in active markets in their valuation techniques. These assets were classified as Level 2. 

•15.6 percent of our fixed maturity securities were valued based on one or more non-binding broker quotes, if validated by observable market data. When only one price is available, it is used if observable inputs and analysis confirms that it is appropriate. These assets, for which we were able to validate the price using other observable market data, were classified as Level 2.

•0.5 percent of our fixed maturity securities were valued based on prices of comparable securities, internal models, or pricing services or other non-binding quotes with no other observable market data. These assets were classified as either Level 2 or Level 3, with the categorization dependent on whether there was other observable market data.

Derivatives

Fair values for derivatives other than embedded derivatives in modified coinsurance arrangements are based on market quotes or pricing models and represent the net amount of cash we would have paid or received if the contracts had been settled or closed as of the last day of the period. Credit risk related to the counterparty and the Company is considered in determining the fair values of these derivatives. However, since we have collateralization agreements in place with each counterparty which limits our exposure, any credit risk is immaterial. Therefore, we determined that no adjustments for credit risk were required as of September 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023.

Fair values for our embedded derivative in a modified coinsurance arrangement are estimated using internal pricing models and represent the hypothetical value of the duration mismatch of assets and liabilities, interest rate risk, and third party credit risk embedded in the modified coinsurance arrangement.

We consider transactions in inactive markets to be less representative of fair value. We use all available observable inputs when measuring fair value, but when significant unobservable inputs are used, we classify these assets or liabilities as Level 3.

Private Equity Partnerships

Our private equity partnerships represent funds that are primarily invested in private credit, private equity, and real assets, as described below. Distributions received from the funds arise from income generated by the underlying investments as well as the liquidation of the underlying investments. There is generally not a public market for these investments.

The following tables present additional information about our private equity partnerships, including commitments for additional investments which may or may not be funded:

		September 30, 2024
Investment Category		Fair Value		Redemption Term / Redemption Notice	Unfunded Commitments
		(in millions of dollars)			(in millions of dollars)
Private Credit	(a)	$	246.3	Not redeemable	$	126.1
		50.7		Quarterly / 90 days notice	6.2
Total Private Credit		297.0			132.3
Private Equity	(b)	574.8		Not redeemable	417.2
		33.3		Initial 5.5 year lock on each new investment / Quarterly after 5.5 year lock with 90 days notice	13.2
Total Private Equity		608.1			430.4
Real Assets	(c)	488.8		Not redeemable	242.9
		34.1		Quarterly / 90 days notice	—
Total Real Assets		522.9			242.9
Total Partnerships		$	1,428.0		$	805.6

		December 31, 2023
Investment Category		Fair Value		Redemption Term / Redemption Notice	Unfunded Commitments
		(in millions of dollars)			(in millions of dollars)
Private Credit	(a)	$	239.1	Not redeemable	$	128.2
		44.5		Quarterly / 90 days notice	8.6
Total Private Credit		283.6			136.8
Private Equity	(b)	543.9		Not redeemable	410.6
		28.0		Initial 5.5 year lock on each new investment / Quarterly after 5.5 year lock with 90 days notice	16.6
Total Private Equity		571.9			427.2
Real Assets	(c)	437.5		Not redeemable	239.1
		33.2		Quarterly / 90 days notice	—
Total Real Assets		470.7			239.1
Total Partnerships		$	1,326.2		$	803.1

(a)Private Credit - The limited partnerships described in this category employ various investment strategies, generally providing direct lending or other forms of debt financing including first-lien, second-lien, mezzanine, and subordinated loans. The limited partnerships have credit exposure to corporates, physical assets, and/or financial assets within a variety of industries (including manufacturing, healthcare, energy, business services, technology, materials, and retail) in North

America and, to a lesser extent, outside of North America.  As of September 30, 2024, the estimated remaining life of the investments that do not allow for redemptions is approximately 80 percent in the next 3 years, 12 percent during the period from 3 to 5 years, and 8 percent during the period from 5 to 10 years.

(b)Private Equity - The limited partnerships described in this category employ various strategies generally investing in controlling or minority control equity positions directly in companies and/or assets across various industries (including manufacturing, healthcare, energy, business services, technology, materials, and retail), primarily in private markets within North America and, to a lesser extent, outside of North America.  As of September 30, 2024, the estimated remaining life of the investments that do not allow for redemptions is approximately 36 percent in the next 3 years, 31 percent during the period from 3 to 5 years, and 33 percent during the period from 5 to 10 years.

(c)Real Assets - The limited partnerships described in this category employ various strategies, which include investing in the equity and/or debt financing of physical assets, including infrastructure (energy, power, water/wastewater, communications), transportation (including airports, ports, toll roads, aircraft, railcars) and real estate in North America, Europe, South America, and Asia.  As of September 30, 2024, the estimated remaining life of the investments that do not allow for redemptions is approximately 38 percent in the next 3 years, 26 percent during period from 3 to 5 years, 34 percent during the period from 5 to 10 years, and 2 percent during the period from 10 to 15 years.

We record changes in our share of net asset value of the partnerships in net investment income. We receive financial information related to our investments in partnerships and generally record investment income on a one-quarter lag in accordance with our accounting policy. Our partnerships are subject to transfer restrictions which extend over the life of the investment. There are no circumstances in which the transfer restrictions would lapse.

The following tables present information about financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis by fair value level, based on the observability of the inputs used:

	September 30, 2024
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		NAV		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Fixed Maturity Securities
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities	$	—	$	557.4	$	—	$	—	$	557.4
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions	—		3,526.5		—		—		3,526.5
Foreign Governments	—		850.1		—		—		850.1
Public Utilities	602.7		4,982.5		—		—		5,585.2
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	—		799.6		51.0		—		850.6
All Other Corporate Bonds	7,362.2		19,015.8		28.0		—		26,406.0
Redeemable Preferred Stocks	—		7.7		—		—		7.7
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	7,964.9		29,739.6		79.0		—		37,783.5
Other Long-term Investments
Derivatives
Forwards	—		49.5		—		—		49.5
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	—		56.0		—		—		56.0
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	—		—		4.6		—		4.6
Total Derivatives	—		105.5		4.6		—		110.1
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities	—		0.1		21.7		—		21.8
Private Equity Partnerships	—		—		—		1,428.0		1,428.0
Total Other Long-term Investments	—		105.6		26.3		1,428.0		1,559.9
Total Financial Instrument Assets Carried at Fair Value	$	7,964.9	$	29,845.2	$	105.3	$	1,428.0	$	39,343.4
Liabilities
Other Liabilities
Derivatives
Forwards	$	—	$	95.2	$	—	$	—	$	95.2
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	—		35.0		—		—		35.0
Total Derivatives	—		130.2		—		—		130.2
Total Financial Instrument Liabilities Carried at Fair Value	$	—	$	130.2	$	—	$	—	$	130.2

	December 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		NAV		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Fixed Maturity Securities
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities	$	—	$	624.8	$	—	$	—	$	624.8
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions	—		3,678.4		—		—		3,678.4
Foreign Governments	—		890.7		—		—		890.7
Public Utilities	301.3		5,020.3		—		—		5,321.6
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	—		611.2		32.9		—		644.1
All Other Corporate Bonds	3,985.2		21,562.1		123.4		—		25,670.7
Redeemable Preferred Stocks	—		3.6		—		—		3.6
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	4,286.5		32,391.1		156.3		—		36,833.9
Other Long-term Investments
Derivatives
Forwards	—		47.5		—		—		47.5
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	—		52.4		—		—		52.4
Total Derivatives	—		99.9		—		—		99.9
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities	—		10.3		21.6		—		31.9
Private Equity Partnerships	—		—		—		1,326.2		1,326.2
Total Other Long-term Investments	—		110.2		21.6		1,326.2		1,458.0
Total Financial Instrument Assets Carried at Fair Value	$	4,286.5	$	32,501.3	$	177.9	$	1,326.2	$	38,291.9
Liabilities
Other Liabilities
Derivatives
Forwards	$	—	$	78.0	$	—	$	—	$	78.0
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	—		38.2		—		—		38.2
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	—		—		1.5		—		1.5
Total Derivatives	—		116.2		1.5		—		117.7
Total Financial Instrument Liabilities Carried at Fair Value	$	—	$	116.2	$	1.5	$	—	$	117.7

Changes in assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) are as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Fair Value Beginning of Period		Total Realized and Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses) in								Level 3 Transfers				Fair Value End of Period		Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities Held at the End of Period included in
			Earnings		OCI		Purchases		Sales/Maturities		Into		Out of				OCI		Earnings
	(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
Public Utilities	$	—	$	(0.2)	$	0.7	$	—	$	(10.3)	$	9.8	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	46.5		—		0.2		4.9		(0.7)		0.1		—		51.0		0.2		—
All Other Corporate Bonds	53.3		—		2.0		—		(42.2)		39.1		(24.2)		28.0		2.0		—
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	99.8		(0.2)		2.9		4.9		(53.2)		49.0		(24.2)		79.0		2.2		—
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities	21.7		—		—		—		—		—		—		21.7		—		—
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	5.4		(0.8)		—		—		—		—		—		4.6		—		(0.8)

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Fair Value Beginning of Period		Total Realized and Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses) in								Level 3 Transfers				Fair Value End of Period		Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities Held at the End of Period included in
			Earnings		OCI		Purchases		Sales/Maturities		Into		Out of				OCI		Earnings
	(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
Public Utilities	$	—	$	(0.1)	$	0.1	$	—	$	(3.9)	$	3.9	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	24.1		—		(1.4)		19.0		(1.0)		4.7		(0.2)		45.2		(1.4)		—
All Other Corporate Bonds	128.8		(4.6)		2.0		—		(54.9)		87.5		(50.5)		108.3		2.0		—
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	152.9		(4.7)		0.7		19.0		(59.8)		96.1		(50.7)		153.5		0.6		—
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities	17.5		—		—		—		—		—		—		17.5		—		—
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	(8.4)		9.3		—		—		—		—		—		0.9		—		9.3

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Fair Value Beginning of Year		Total Realized and Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses) in								Level 3 Transfers				Fair Value End of Period		Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities Held at the End of Period included in
			Earnings		OCI		Purchases		Sales/Maturities		Into		Out of				OCI		Earnings
	(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
Public Utilities	$	—	$	(0.2)	$	0.3	$	—	$	(10.3)	$	10.2	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	32.9		—		0.6		15.5		(1.9)		3.9		—		51.0		0.6		—
All Other Corporate Bonds	123.4		(2.6)		6.9		2.3		(196.4)		189.0		(94.6)		28.0		6.9		(2.6)
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	156.3		(2.8)		7.8		17.8		(208.6)		203.1		(94.6)		79.0		7.5		(2.6)
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities	21.6		0.1		—		—		—		—		—		21.7		—		0.1
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	(1.5)		6.1		—		—		—		—		—		4.6		—		6.1

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Fair Value Beginning of Year		Total Realized and Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses) in								Level 3 Transfers				Fair Value End of Period		Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities Held at the End of Period included in
			Earnings		OCI		Purchases		Sales/Maturities		Into		Out of				OCI		Earnings
	(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions	$	0.2	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(0.2)	$	—	$	—	$	—
Public Utilities	—		0.1		(0.1)		—		(7.2)		7.2		—		—		—		—
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	22.0		—		(1.5)		29.9		(2.8)		6.6		(9.0)		45.2		(1.5)		—
All Other Corporate Bonds	158.7		(5.1)		(20.6)		1.5		(229.8)		276.0		(72.4)		108.3		(20.6)		—
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	180.9		(5.0)		(22.2)		31.4		(239.8)		289.8		(81.6)		153.5		(22.1)		—
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities	16.2		0.6		—		0.7		—		—		—		17.5		—		0.6
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	(13.9)		14.8		—		—		—		—		—		0.9		—		14.8

Realized and unrealized investment gains and losses presented in the preceding tables represent gains and losses only for the time during which the applicable financial instruments were classified as Level 3. The transfers between levels resulted primarily from a change in observability of three inputs used to determine fair values of the securities transferred: (1) transactional data for new issuance and secondary trades, (2) broker/dealer quotes and pricing, primarily related to changes in the level of activity in the market and whether the market was considered orderly, and (3) comparable bond metrics from which to perform an analysis. For fair value measurements of financial instruments that were transferred either into or out of Level 3, we reflect the transfers using the fair value at the beginning of the period. We believe this allows for greater transparency, as all changes in fair value that arise during the reporting period of the transfer are disclosed as a component of our Level 3 reconciliation.

The table below provides quantitative information regarding the significant unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements derived from internal models. Unobservable inputs for fixed maturity securities are weighted by the fair value of the securities. Certain securities classified as Level 3 are excluded from the table below due to limitations in our ability to obtain the underlying inputs used by external pricing sources.

	September 30, 2024
	Fair Value		Valuation Method	Unobservable Input		Range/Weighted Average
	(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
All Other Corporate Bonds - Private	$	16.3	Market Approach	Volatility of Credit Market Convention	(a) (b)	5.00% - 5.00% / 5.00% Priced at Par Value
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities	21.7		Market Approach	Market Convention	(b)	Priced at Cost, Owner's Equity, or Most Recent Round
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	4.6		Discounted Cash Flows	Projected Liability Cash Flows Weighted Spread of Swap Curve	(c)	Actuarial Assumptions (0.031)%

	December 31, 2023
	Fair Value		Valuation Method	Unobservable Input		Range/Weighted Average
	(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
All Other Corporate Bonds - Private	$	15.9	Market Approach	Volatility of Credit Market Convention	(a) (b)	5.00% - 5.00% / 5.00% Priced at Par Value
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities	21.6		Market Approach	Market Convention	(b)	Priced at Cost, Owner's Equity, or Most Recent Round
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	(1.5)		Discounted Cash Flows	Projected Liability Cash Flows Weighted Spread of Swap Curve	(c)	Actuarial Assumptions 0.2%

(a)Represents basis point adjustments for credit-specific factors

(b)Represents a decision to price based on par value, cost, owner's equity, or the price of the most recent capital funding round when limited data is available

(c)Represents various actuarial assumptions required to derive the liability cash flows. Fair value of embedded derivative is most often driven by the change in the weighted average credit spread to the swap curve for the assets backing the hypothetical loan

Other than market convention, the impact of isolated decreases in unobservable inputs will result in a higher estimated fair value, whereas isolated increases in unobservable inputs will result in a lower estimated fair value. The unobservable input for market convention is not sensitive to input movements. The projected liability cash flows used in the fair value measurement of our Level 3 embedded derivative are based on expected claim payments. If claim payments increase, the projected liability cash flows will increase, resulting in a decrease in the fair value of the embedded derivative. Decreases in projected liability cash flows will result in an increase in the fair value of the embedded derivative.

Fair Value Measurements for Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value

The methods and assumptions used to estimate fair values of financial instruments not carried at fair value are discussed as follows:

Mortgage Loans: Fair value of newly originated, seasoned performing, or sub-performing but likely to continue cash flowing loans are calculated using a discounted cash flow analysis. Loans’ cash flows are modeled and appropriately discounted by a rate based on current yields and credit spreads. For sub and non-performing loans where there is some probability the loan will not continue to pay, a price based approach would be used to estimate the loan’s value in the open market utilizing current transaction information from similar loans.

Policy Loans: Fair values for policy loans, net of reinsurance ceded, are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses and interest rates currently being offered to policyholders with similar policies. Carrying amounts for ceded policy loans, which equal $3,320.4 million and $3,322.5 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, approximate fair value and are reported on a gross basis in our consolidated balance sheets. A change in interest rates for ceded policy loans will not impact our financial position because the benefits and risks are fully ceded to reinsuring counterparties.

Miscellaneous Long-term Investments: Carrying amounts for tax credit partnerships equal the unamortized balance of our contractual commitments and approximate fair value. Our shares of Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) common stock are carried at cost, which approximates fair value.

Long-term Debt: Fair values for long-term debt are obtained from independent pricing services or discounted cash flow analyses based on current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements.

FHLB Funding Agreements: Funding agreements with the FHLB represent cash advances used for the purpose of investing in fixed maturity securities. Carrying amounts approximate fair value.

Unfunded Commitments to Investment Partnerships: Unfunded equity commitments represent amounts that we have committed to fund investment partnerships. These commitments are legally binding, subject to the partnerships meeting specified conditions. Carrying amounts of these financial instruments approximate fair value.

The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of our financial instruments not measured at fair value and indicates the level in the fair value hierarchy of the estimated fair value measurement based on the observability of the inputs used:

	September 30, 2024
	Estimated Fair Value
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Carrying Value
	(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Mortgage Loans	$	—	$	2,041.8	$	—	$	2,041.8	$	2,238.9
Policy Loans	—		—		3,708.6		3,708.6		3,625.6
Other Long-term Investments
Miscellaneous Long-term Investments	—		25.6		0.3		25.9		25.9
Total Financial Instrument Assets Not Carried at Fair Value	$	—	$	2,067.4	$	3,708.9	$	5,776.3	$	5,890.4
Liabilities
Long-term Debt	$	3,347.8	$	44.5	$	—	$	3,392.3	$	3,470.4
Other Liabilities
Unfunded Commitments	—		0.2		—		0.2		0.2
Payable for Collateral on FHLB Funding Agreements	—		299.0		—		299.0		299.0
Total Financial Instrument Liabilities Not Carried at Fair Value	$	3,347.8	$	343.7	$	—	$	3,691.5	$	3,769.6

	December 31, 2023
	Estimated Fair Value
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Carrying Value
	(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Mortgage Loans	$	—	$	2,070.7	$	—	$	2,070.7	$	2,318.2
Policy Loans	—		—		3,696.3		3,696.3		3,620.2
Other Long-term Investments
Miscellaneous Long-term Investments	—		15.7		0.3		16.0		16.0
Total Financial Instrument Assets Not Carried at Fair Value	$	—	$	2,086.4	$	3,696.6	$	5,783.0	$	5,954.4
Liabilities
Long-term Debt	$	2,629.1	$	598.8	$	—	$	3,227.9	$	3,430.4
Other Liabilities
Unfunded Commitments	—		0.2		—		0.2		0.2
Payable for Collateral on FHLB Funding Agreements	—		64.5		—		64.5		64.5
Total Financial Instrument Liabilities Not Carried at Fair Value	$	2,629.1	$	663.5	$	—	$	3,292.6	$	3,495.1

The carrying values of financial instruments such as short-term investments, cash and bank deposits, accounts and premiums receivable, accrued investment income, securities lending agreements, and short-term debt approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of the instruments. As such, these financial instruments are not included in the above chart.

Fair values for insurance contracts other than investment contracts are not required to be disclosed. However, the fair values of liabilities under all insurance contracts are taken into consideration in our overall management of interest rate risk, which seeks to minimize exposure to changing interest rates through the matching of investment maturities with amounts due under insurance contracts.

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Investments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Investments

Fixed Maturity Securities

At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, all fixed maturity securities were classified as available-for-sale. The amortized cost and fair values of securities by security type are shown as follows:

	September 30, 2024
	Amortized Cost, Gross of ACL1		ACL1		Gross Unrealized Gain		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value
	(in millions of dollars)
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities	$	542.5	$	—	$	28.8	$	13.9	$	557.4
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions	3,843.4		—		118.7		435.6		3,526.5
Foreign Governments	964.8		—		22.4		137.1		850.1
Public Utilities	5,561.8		—		272.3		248.9		5,585.2
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	853.8		—		13.2		16.4		850.6
All Other Corporate Bonds	27,048.3		2.9		882.8		1,522.2		26,406.0
Redeemable Preferred Stocks	8.0		—		—		0.3		7.7
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	$	38,822.6	$	2.9	$	1,338.2	$	2,374.4	$	37,783.5

	December 31, 2023
	Amortized Cost, Gross of ACL1		ACL1		Gross Unrealized Gain		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value
	(in millions of dollars)
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities	$	618.6	$	—	$	25.3	$	19.1	$	624.8
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions	4,041.3		—		135.3		498.2		3,678.4
Foreign Governments	982.1		—		29.8		121.2		890.7
Public Utilities	5,398.2		—		217.1		293.7		5,321.6
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	658.0		—		10.1		24.0		644.1
All Other Corporate Bonds	26,708.4		2.2		771.8		1,807.3		25,670.7
Redeemable Preferred Stocks	4.0		—		—		0.4		3.6
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	$	38,410.6	$	2.2	$	1,189.4	$	2,763.9	$	36,833.9

1 Allowance for Credit Losses

The following charts indicate the length of time our fixed maturity securities have been in a gross unrealized loss position.

	September 30, 2024
	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or Greater
	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss
	(in millions of dollars)
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities	$	27.4	$	0.3	$	211.4	$	13.6
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions	145.0		2.5		2,061.0		433.1
Foreign Governments	50.5		1.7		320.5		135.4
Public Utilities	243.6		7.4		1,651.5		241.5
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	81.3		0.2		304.3		16.2
All Other Corporate Bonds	1,013.2		9.6		13,185.8		1,512.6
Redeemable Preferred Stocks	—		—		3.7		0.3
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	$	1,561.0	$	21.7	$	17,738.2	$	2,352.7

	December 31, 2023
	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or Greater
	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss
	(in millions of dollars)
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities	$	118.8	$	0.7	$	197.3	$	18.4
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions	128.0		4.0		2,035.1		494.2
Foreign Governments	149.9		3.3		312.9		117.9
Public Utilities	373.7		10.4		1,720.6		283.3
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	60.3		2.5		316.7		21.5
All Other Corporate Bonds	1,483.8		26.8		14,215.2		1,780.5
Redeemable Preferred Stocks	—		—		3.6		0.4
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	$	2,314.5	$	47.7	$	18,801.4	$	2,716.2

The following is a distribution of the maturity dates for fixed maturity securities. The maturity dates have not been adjusted for possible calls or prepayments.

	September 30, 2024
	Amortized Cost, Net of ACL1		Unrealized Gain Position				Unrealized Loss Position
			Gross Gain		Fair Value		Gross Loss		Fair Value
	(in millions of dollars)
1 year or less	$	1,289.6	$	2.6	$	342.0	$	5.5	$	944.7
Over 1 year through 5 years	8,125.2		180.7		3,864.2		126.9		4,314.8
Over 5 years through 10 years	8,550.0		387.0		4,462.2		442.7		4,032.1
Over 10 years	20,001.1		754.7		9,350.9		1,782.9		9,622.0
	37,965.9		1,325.0		18,019.3		2,358.0		18,913.6
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	853.8		13.2		465.0		16.4		385.6
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	$	38,819.7	$	1,338.2	$	18,484.3	$	2,374.4	$	19,299.2

	December 31, 2023
	Amortized Cost, Net of ACL1		Unrealized Gain Position				Unrealized Loss Position
			Gross Gain		Fair Value		Gross Loss		Fair Value
	(in millions of dollars)
1 year or less	$	935.0	$	0.9	$	140.8	$	7.5	$	787.6
Over 1 year through 5 years	7,594.4		128.2		2,685.7		179.0		4,857.9
Over 5 years through 10 years	9,430.3		372.1		4,100.0		610.8		5,091.6
Over 10 years	19,790.7		678.1		8,524.4		1,942.6		10,001.8
	37,750.4		1,179.3		15,450.9		2,739.9		20,738.9
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	658.0		10.1		267.1		24.0		377.0
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	$	38,408.4	$	1,189.4	$	15,718.0	$	2,763.9	$	21,115.9

1 Allowance for Credit Losses

The following chart depicts an analysis of our fixed maturity security portfolio between investment-grade and below-investment-grade categories as of September 30, 2024:

					Gross Unrealized Loss
	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Gain		Amount		Percent of Total Gross Unrealized Loss
	(in millions of dollars)
Investment-Grade	$	36,287.2	$	1,308.2	$	2,308.8	97.2	%
Below-Investment-Grade	1,496.3		30.0		65.6		2.8
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	$	37,783.5	$	1,338.2	$	2,374.4	100.0	%

The unrealized losses on investment-grade fixed maturity securities principally relate to changes in interest rates or changes in market or sector credit spreads which occurred subsequent to the acquisition of the securities. Below-investment-grade fixed maturity securities are generally more likely to develop credit concerns than investment-grade securities. At September 30, 2024, the unrealized losses in our below-investment-grade fixed maturity securities were generally due to credit spreads in certain industries or sectors and, to a lesser extent, credit concerns related to specific securities. For each specific security in an unrealized loss position, we believe that there are positive factors which mitigate credit concerns and that the securities for which we have not recorded a credit loss will recover in value. We have the ability and intent to continue to hold these securities to recovery of amortized cost less allowance for credit losses.

As of September 30, 2024, we held 835 individual investment-grade fixed maturity securities and 58 individual below-investment-grade fixed maturity securities that were in an unrealized loss position, of which 795 investment-grade fixed maturity securities and 50 below-investment-grade fixed maturity securities had been in an unrealized loss position continuously for over one year.

In determining when a decline in fair value below amortized cost of a fixed maturity security represents a credit loss, we evaluate the following factors:

•Whether we expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security

•Whether we intend to sell the security or will be required to sell the security before the recovery of its amortized cost basis

•Whether the security is current as to principal and interest payments

•The significance of the decline in value

•Current and future business prospects and trends of earnings

•The valuation of the security's underlying collateral

•Relevant industry conditions and trends relative to their historical cycles

•Market conditions

•Rating agency and governmental actions

•Bid and offering prices and the level of trading activity

•Adverse changes in estimated cash flows for securitized investments

•Changes in fair value subsequent to the balance sheet date

•Any other key measures for the related security

While determining whether a credit loss exists is a judgmental area, we utilize a formal, well-defined, and disciplined process to monitor and evaluate our fixed income investment portfolio, supported by issuer specific research and documentation as of the end of each period. The process results in a thorough evaluation of investments and the recording of credit losses on a timely basis for investments determined to have a credit loss. We calculate the allowance for credit losses of fixed maturity securities based on the present value of our best estimate of cash flows expected to be collected, discounted using the effective interest rate implicit in the security at the date of acquisition. When estimating future cash flows, we analyze the strength of the issuer’s balance sheet, its debt obligations and near-term funding arrangements, cash flow and liquidity, the profitability of its core businesses, the availability of marketable assets which could be sold to increase liquidity, its industry fundamentals and regulatory environment, and its access to capital markets.

The following tables present a rollforward of the allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities, which were classified as "all other corporate bonds" during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

	Three Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of period	$	5.1	$	—
Change in allowance on securities with allowance recorded in previous period	0.2		—
Change in allowance on securities sold during the period	(2.4)		—
Balance, end of period	$	2.9	$	—

	Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of period	$	2.2	$	—
Credit losses on securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded	2.9		—
Change in allowance on securities with allowance recorded in previous period	0.2		—
Change in allowance on securities sold during the period	(2.4)		—
Balance, end of period	$	2.9	$	—

At September 30, 2024, we had commitments of $38.0 million to fund private placement fixed maturity securities, the amount of which may or may not be funded. 

Variable Interest Entities

We invest in variable interests issued by variable interest entities. These investments, which are passive in nature, include minority ownership interests in private equity partnerships, tax credit partnerships, and special purpose entities. Our maximum exposure to loss is limited to the carrying value of these investments in private equity partnerships, tax credit partnerships, and special purpose entities. For those variable interests that are not consolidated in our financial statements, we are not the primary beneficiary because we have neither the power to direct the activities that are most significant to economic performance nor the responsibility to absorb a majority of the expected losses. The determination of whether we are the primary beneficiary is performed at the time of our initial investment and at the date of each subsequent reporting period.

As of September 30, 2024, the carrying amount of our variable interest entity investments that are not consolidated in our financial statements was $1,428.3 million, comprised of $0.3 million of tax credit partnerships and $1,428.0 million of private equity partnerships. At December 31, 2023, the carrying amount of our variable interest entity investments that are not consolidated in our financial statements was $1,326.5 million, comprised of $0.3 million of tax credit partnerships and $1,326.2 million of private equity partnerships.  These variable interest entity investments are reported as other long-term investments in our consolidated balance sheets.

Mortgage Loans

Our mortgage loan portfolio is well diversified by both geographic region and property type to reduce risk of concentration. All of our mortgage loans are collateralized by commercial real estate. When issuing a new loan, our general policy is not to exceed a loan-to-value ratio, or the ratio of the loan balance to the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral, of 75 percent. We update the loan-to-value ratios based on internal valuation of the collateral at least every three years for each loan, and properties undergo a general inspection at least every two years. Our general policy for newly issued loans is to have a debt

service coverage ratio greater than 1.25 times on a normalized 25 year amortization period. We update our debt service coverage ratios annually.

We carry our mortgage loans at amortized cost less an allowance for expected credit losses. The amortized cost of our mortgage loans was $2,255.4 million and $2,328.4 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The allowance for expected credit losses was $16.5 million and $10.2 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Interest income is accrued on the principal amount of the loan based on the loan's contractual interest rate. We report accrued interest income for our mortgage loans as accrued investment income on our consolidated balance sheets, and the amount of the accrued income was $7.0 million and $7.2 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The carrying amount of mortgage loans by property type and geographic region are presented below.

	September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
	(in millions of dollars)
	Carrying Amount		Percent of Total		Carrying Amount		Percent of Total
Property Type
Apartment	$	662.9	29.6	%	$	685.8	29.6	%
Industrial	684.2		30.6		706.0		30.5
Office	354.1		15.8		379.9		16.4
Retail	496.1		22.1		503.9		21.7
Other	41.6		1.9		42.6		1.8
Total	$	2,238.9	100.0	%	$	2,318.2	100.0	%
Region
New England	$	53.2	2.4	%	$	55.1	2.4	%
Mid-Atlantic	162.4		7.3		155.1		6.7
East North Central	294.0		13.1		314.4		13.6
West North Central	158.9		7.1		163.5		7.0
South Atlantic	537.1		24.0		553.0		23.8
East South Central	107.8		4.8		110.7		4.8
West South Central	195.5		8.7		200.9		8.7
Mountain	269.5		12.0		282.7		12.2
Pacific	460.5		20.6		482.8		20.8
Total	$	2,238.9	100.0	%	$	2,318.2	100.0	%

The risk in our mortgage loan portfolio is primarily related to vacancy rates. Events or developments, such as economic conditions that impact the ability of the borrowers to ensure occupancy of the property, may have a negative effect on our mortgage loan portfolio, particularly to the extent that our portfolio is concentrated in an affected region or property type. An increase in vacancies increases the probability of default, which would negatively affect our expected losses in our mortgage loan portfolio.

We evaluate each of our mortgage loans individually for impairment and assign an internal quality rating based on a comprehensive rating system used to evaluate the risk of the loan. The factors we use to derive our internal quality ratings may include the following:

•Loan-to-value ratio based on internal valuation of the property

•Debt service coverage ratio based on current operating income

•Property location, including regional economics, trends, and demographics

•Age, condition, and construction quality of property

•Current and historical occupancy of property

•Lease terms relative to market

•Tenant size and financial strength

•Borrower's financial strength

•Borrower's equity in transaction

•Additional collateral, if any

Although all available and applicable factors are considered in our analysis, loan-to-value and debt service coverage ratios are the most critical factors in determining whether we will initially issue the loan and also in assigning values and determining impairment. We assign an overall rating to each loan using an internal rating scale of AA (highest quality) to B (lowest quality). We review and adjust, as needed, our internal quality ratings on an annual basis. This review process is performed more frequently for mortgage loans deemed to have a higher risk of delinquency.

We estimate an allowance for credit losses that we expect to incur over the life of our mortgage loans using a probability of default method. For each loan, we estimate the probability that the loan will default before its maturity (probability of default) and the amount of the loss if the loan defaults (loss given default). These two factors result in an expected loss percentage that is applied to the amortized cost of each loan to determine the expected credit loss. As we are the original underwriter of the mortgage loans, the amortized cost generally equals the principal amount of the loan. We measure losses on defaults of our mortgage loans as the excess amortized cost of the mortgage loan over the fair value of the underlying collateral in the event that we foreclose on the loan or over the expected future cash flows of the loan if we retain the mortgage loan until payoff. We do not purchase mortgage loans with existing credit impairments.

In estimating the probability of default, we consider historical experience, current market conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts about the future market conditions. We utilize our historical loan experience in combination with a large third-party industry database for a period of time that aligns with the average life of our loans based on the maturity dates of the loans and prepayment experience. Our model utilizes an industry database of the historical loss experience based on our actual portfolio characteristics such as loan-to-value, debt service coverage, collateral type, geography, and late payment history. In addition, because we actively manage our portfolio, we may extend the term of a loan in certain situations and will accordingly extend the maturity date in the estimate of probability of default. In estimating the loss given default, we primarily consider the type and value of collateral and secondarily the expected liquidation costs and time to recovery.

The primary market factors that we consider in our forecast of future market conditions are gross domestic product, unemployment rates, interest rates, inflation, commercial real estate values, household formation, and retail sales. We also forecast certain loan specific factors such as growth in the fair value and net operating income of collateral by property type. We include our estimate of these factors over a two-year period and for the remainder of the loans’ estimated lives, adjusted for estimated prepayments. Past the two-year forecast period, we revert to the historical assumptions ratably by the end of the fifth year of the loan after which we utilize only historical assumptions.

We utilize various scenarios to estimate our allowance for expected losses ranging from a base case scenario that reflects normal market conditions to a severe case scenario that reflects adverse market conditions. We will adjust our allowance each period to utilize the scenario or weighting of the scenarios that best reflects our view of current market conditions.

The following tables present information about mortgage loans by the applicable internal quality indicators:

	September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
	(in millions of dollars)
	Carrying Amount		Percent of Total		Carrying Amount		Percent of Total
Internal Mortgage Rating
AA	$	94.5	4.2	%	$	85.2	3.7	%
A	982.2		43.9		942.5		40.6
BBB	1,064.4		47.5		1,249.5		53.9
BB	97.8		4.4		41.0		1.8
Total	$	2,238.9	100.0	%	$	2,318.2	100.0	%
Loan-to-Value Ratio1
<= 65%	$	1,527.0	68.2	%	$	1,409.9	60.8	%
> 65% <= 75%	481.6		21.5		707.0		30.5
> 75% <= 85%	148.5		6.6		136.5		5.9
> 85%	81.8		3.7		64.8		2.8
Total	$	2,238.9	100.0	%	$	2,318.2	100.0	%

1Loan-to-Value Ratio utilizes the most recent internal valuation of the property

There were no gross write-offs for the periods ending September 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023. The following tables present the amortized cost of our mortgage loans by year of origination and internal quality indicators at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively:

	September 30, 2024
	Prior to 2020		2020		2021		2022		2023		2024		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Internal Mortgage Rating
AA	$	88.1	$	—	$	6.4	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	94.5
A	684.4		92.6		145.0		24.3		38.0		—		984.3
BBB	710.4		63.1		181.1		63.8		29.0		23.1		1,070.5
BB	106.1		—		—		—		—		—		106.1
Total Amortized Cost	1,589.0		155.7		332.5		88.1		67.0		23.1		2,255.4
Allowance for credit losses	(14.1)		(0.5)		(1.1)		(0.3)		(0.4)		(0.1)		(16.5)
Carrying Amount	$	1,574.9	$	155.2	$	331.4	$	87.8	$	66.6	$	23.0	$	2,238.9
Loan-to-Value Ratio1
<=65%	$	1,174.1	$	113.7	$	188.8	$	15.6	$	38.7	$	—	$	1,530.9
>65<=75%	231.2		33.9		94.9		72.5		28.3		23.1		483.9
>75%<=85%	122.6		8.1		20.3		—		—		—		151.0
>85%	61.1		—		28.5		—		—		—		89.6
Total Amortized Cost	1,589.0		155.7		332.5		88.1		67.0		23.1		2,255.4
Allowance for credit losses	(14.1)		(0.5)		(1.1)		(0.3)		(0.4)		(0.1)		(16.5)
Carrying Amount	$	1,574.9	$	155.2	$	331.4	$	87.8	$	66.6	$	23.0	$	2,238.9

1Loan-to-Value Ratio utilizes the most recent internal valuation of the property

	December 31, 2023
	Prior to 2019		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Internal Mortgage Rating
AA	$	74.3	$	11.0	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	85.3
A	589.0		100.3		94.1		100.1		23.2		38.0		944.7
BBB	618.4		224.8		71.4		248.0		64.4		29.2		1,256.2
BB	42.2		—		—		—		—		—		42.2
Total Amortized Cost	1,323.9		336.1		165.5		348.1		87.6		67.2		2,328.4
Allowance for credit losses	(6.3)		(1.3)		(0.6)		(1.0)		(0.6)		(0.4)		(10.2)
Carrying Amount	$	1,317.6	$	334.8	$	164.9	$	347.1	$	87.0	$	66.8	$	2,318.2
Loan-to-Value Ratio1
<=65%	$	908.3	$	197.7	$	116.4	$	145.2	$	16.2	$	30.0	$	1,413.8
>65<=75%	252.1		138.4		40.8		171.0		71.4		37.2		710.9
>75%<=85%	97.3		—		8.3		31.9		—		—		137.5
>85%	66.2		—		—		—		—		—		66.2
Total Amortized Cost	1,323.9		336.1		165.5		348.1		87.6		67.2		2,328.4
Allowance for credit losses	(6.3)		(1.3)		(0.6)		(1.0)		(0.6)		(0.4)		(10.2)
Carrying Amount	$	1,317.6	$	334.8	$	164.9	$	347.1	$	87.0	$	66.8	$	2,318.2

1Loan-to-Value Ratio utilizes the most recent internal valuation of the property

The following tables present a roll-forward of the allowance for expected credit losses by loan-to-value ratio for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Beginning of Period		Current Period Provisions		Write-Offs		Recoveries		End of Period
	(in millions of dollars)
Loan-to-Value Ratio1
<=65%	$	3.7	$	0.3	$	—	$	—	$	4.0
>65<=75%	3.3		(1.1)		—		—		2.2
>75%<=85%	1.7		0.8		—		—		2.5
>85%	3.4		4.4		—		—		7.8
Total	$	12.1	$	4.4	$	—	$	—	$	16.5

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Beginning of Period		Current Period Provisions		Write-Offs		Recoveries		End of Period
	(in millions of dollars)
Loan-to-Value Ratio1
<=65%	$	3.3	$	(0.1)	$	—	$	—	$	3.2
>65<=75%	4.8		(0.4)		—		—		4.4
>75%<=85%	0.9		—		—		—		0.9
>85%	2.1		(0.4)		—		—		1.7
Total	$	11.1	$	(0.9)	$	—	$	—	$	10.2

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Beginning of Year		Current Period Provisions		Write-Offs		Recoveries		End of Period
	(in millions of dollars)
Loan-to-Value Ratio1
<=65%	$	3.8	$	0.2	$	—	$	—	$	4.0
>65<=75%	3.8		(1.6)		—		—		2.2
>75%<=85%	1.2		1.3		—		—		2.5
>85%	1.4		6.4		—		—		7.8
Total	$	10.2	$	6.3	$	—	$	—	$	16.5

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Beginning of Year		Current Period Provisions		Write-Offs		Recoveries		End of Period
	(in millions of dollars)
Loan-to-Value Ratio1
<=65%	$	3.0	$	0.2	$	—	$	—	$	3.2
>65<=75%	4.7		(0.3)		—		—		4.4
>75%<=85%	1.1		(0.2)		—		—		0.9
>85%	0.5		1.2		—		—		1.7
Total	$	9.3	$	0.9	$	—	$	—	$	10.2

1Loan-to-Value Ratio utilizes the most recent internal valuation of the property

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, all commercial mortgage loans which were previously modified for borrowers experiencing financial difficulties were current. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we granted an other-than-insignificant payment delay for a commercial mortgage loan with an amortized cost of $14.2 million, which deferred the principal payment for 18 months. This modification represented less than one percent of the commercial mortgage loan portfolio balance. There were no troubled debt restructurings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we held no mortgage loans that were greater than 90 days past due regarding principal and/or interest payments.

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had no loan foreclosures.

Other than our allowance for expected credit losses, we had no specifically identified impaired mortgage loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 or 2023, nor did we recognize any interest income on mortgage loans subsequent to impairment.

At September 30, 2024, we had $28.5 million commitments to fund commercial mortgage loans. Consistent with how we determine the estimate of current expected credit losses for our funded mortgage loans each period, we estimate expected credit losses for loans that have not been funded but we are committed to fund at the end of each period. At September 30, 2024, we had $0.1 million of expected credit losses related to unfunded commitments on our consolidated balance sheets. At December 31, 2023, we had no expected credit losses related to unfunded commitments on our consolidated balance sheets.

Investment Real Estate

Our real estate held for the production of income balance was $60.8 million and $64.4 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and the associated accumulated depreciation was $130.8 million and $127.2 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. We did not recognize any impairments related to our real estate during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recognized a $3.0 million impairment related to certain of our real estate held for investment.

Our held for sale real estate balance was $40.9 million at both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 and the associated accumulated depreciation was $54.2 million at both September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The estimated fair values less costs to sell are above the carrying values of the properties and we expect to close the sales of the properties within the next twelve months.

Transfers of Financial Assets

To manage our cash position more efficiently, we may enter into repurchase agreements with unaffiliated financial institutions. We generally use repurchase agreements as a means to finance the purchase of invested assets or for short-term general business purposes until projected cash flows become available from our operations or existing investments. Our repurchase agreements are typically outstanding for less than 30 days. We post collateral through our repurchase agreement transactions whereby the counterparty commits to purchase securities with the agreement to resell them to us at a later, specified date. The fair value of collateral posted is generally 102 percent of the cash received.

Our investment policy also permits us to lend fixed maturity securities to unaffiliated financial institutions in short-term securities lending agreements. These agreements increase our investment income with minimal risk. Our securities lending policy requires that a minimum of 102 percent of the fair value of the securities loaned be maintained as collateral. We may receive cash and/or securities as collateral under these agreements. Cash received as collateral is typically reinvested in short-term investments. If securities are received as collateral, we are not permitted to sell or re-post them.

As of September 30, 2024, the carrying amount of fixed maturity securities loaned to third parties under our securities lending program was $57.9 million, for which we received collateral in the form of cash and securities of $25.8 million and $34.4 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, the carrying amount of fixed maturity securities loaned to third parties under our securities lending program was $72.0 million, for which we received collateral in the form of cash and securities of $63.1 million and $12.5 million, respectively. We had no outstanding repurchase agreements at September 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023.

The remaining contractual maturities of our securities lending agreements disaggregated by class of collateral pledged are as follows:

	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	Overnight and Continuous
	(in millions of dollars)
Borrowings
Public Utilities	$	3.7	$	1.8
All Other Corporate Bonds	22.1		61.3
Total Borrowings	25.8		63.1
Gross Amount of Recognized Liability for Securities Lending Transactions	25.8		63.1
Amounts Related to Agreements Not Included in Offsetting Disclosure Contained Herein	$	—	$	—

Certain of our U.S. insurance subsidiaries are members of regional FHLBs. Membership, which requires that we purchase a minimum amount of FHLB common stock on which we receive dividends, provides access to low-cost funding. Advances received from the FHLB are used for the purchase of fixed maturity securities. Additional common stock purchases may be required, based on the amount of funds we borrow from the FHLBs. The carrying value of common stock owned, collateral posted, and advances received are as follows:

	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Carrying Value of FHLB Common Stock	$	25.6	$	15.7
Advances from FHLB	299.0		64.5
Carrying Value of Collateral Posted to FHLB
Fixed Maturity Securities	$	600.7	$	589.0
Commercial Mortgage Loans	940.6		986.8
Total Carrying Value of Collateral Posted to FHLB	$	1,541.3	$	1,575.8

Offsetting of Financial Instruments

We enter into master netting agreements with each of our derivative's counterparties. These agreements provide for conditional rights of set-off upon the occurrence of an early termination event. An early termination event is considered a default, and it allows the non-defaulting party to offset its contracts in a loss position against any gain positions or payments due to the defaulting party. Under our agreements, default type events are defined as failure to pay or deliver as contractually agreed, misrepresentation, bankruptcy, or merger without assumption. See Note 5 for further discussion of collateral related to our derivative contracts.

We have securities lending agreements with unaffiliated financial institutions that post collateral to us in return for the use of our fixed maturity securities. A right of set-off exists that allows us to keep and apply collateral received in the event of default by the counterparty. Default within a securities lending agreement would typically occur if the counterparty failed to return the securities borrowed from us as contractually agreed. In addition, if we default by not returning collateral received, the counterparty has a right of set-off against our securities or any other amounts due to us.

Shown below are our financial instruments that either meet the accounting requirements that allow them to be offset in our balance sheets or that are subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement. Our accounting policy is to not offset these financial instruments in our balance sheets. Net amounts disclosed below have been reduced by the amount of collateral pledged to or received from our counterparties.

	September 30, 2024
	Gross Amount						Gross Amount Not
	of Recognized		Gross Amount		Net Amount		Offset in Balance Sheet
	Financial		Offset in		Presented in		Financial		Cash		Net
	Instruments		Balance Sheet		Balance Sheet		Instruments		Collateral		Amount
	(in millions of dollars)
Financial Assets:
Derivatives	$	105.5	$	—	$	105.5	$	(102.9)	$	(2.3)	$	0.3
Securities Lending	57.9		—		57.9		(32.1)		(25.8)		—
Total	$	163.4	$	—	$	163.4	$	(135.0)	$	(28.1)	$	0.3
Financial Liabilities:
Derivatives	$	130.2	$	—	$	130.2	$	(127.7)	$	—	$	2.5
Securities Lending	25.8		—		25.8		(25.8)		—		—
Total	$	156.0	$	—	$	156.0	$	(153.5)	$	—	$	2.5

	December 31, 2023
	Gross Amount						Gross Amount Not
	of Recognized		Gross Amount		Net Amount		Offset in Balance Sheet
	Financial		Offset in		Presented in		Financial		Cash		Net
	Instruments		Balance Sheet		Balance Sheet		Instruments		Collateral		Amount
	(in millions of dollars)
Financial Assets:
Derivatives	$	99.9	$	—	$	99.9	$	(91.9)	$	(6.4)	$	1.6
Securities Lending	72.0		—		72.0		(8.9)		(63.1)		—
Total	$	171.9	$	—	$	171.9	$	(100.8)	$	(69.5)	$	1.6
Financial Liabilities:
Derivatives	$	116.2	$	—	$	116.2	$	(109.4)	$	—	$	6.8
Securities Lending	63.1		—		63.1		(63.1)		—		—
Total	$	179.3	$	—	$	179.3	$	(172.5)	$	—	$	6.8

Net Investment Income

Net investment income reported in our consolidated statements of income is presented below.

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities	$	465.4	$	457.9	$	1,388.5	$	1,383.7
Derivatives	8.1		11.6		25.0		34.5
Mortgage Loans	22.0		22.9		66.6		69.8
Policy Loans	5.7		5.4		16.3		15.6
Other Long-term Investments
Perpetual Preferred Securities1	—		0.4		0.3		2.2
Private Equity Partnerships2	19.6		22.6		72.6		56.7
Other	3.4		2.6		8.5		7.1
Short-term Investments	24.0		19.1		65.7		49.4
Gross Investment Income	548.2		542.5		1,643.5		1,619.0
Less Investment Expenses	17.5		13.5		48.3		44.0
Less Investment Income on Participation Fund Account Assets	2.9		3.0		8.8		9.1
Net Investment Income	$	527.8	$	526.0	$	1,586.4	$	1,565.9

1The net unrealized gain (loss) recognized in net investment income for the three months ended September 30, 2024 related to perpetual preferred securities still held at September 30, 2024 was $0.2 million. The net unrealized gain (loss) recognized in net investment income for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 related to perpetual preferred securities still held at September 30, 2024 was de minimis. The net unrealized gain (loss) recognized in net investment income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 related to perpetual preferred securities still held at September 30, 2023 was $(0.4) million and $0.1 million, respectively.

2The net unrealized gain recognized in net investment income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 related to private equity partnerships still held at September 30, 2024 was $25.3 million and $87.6 million, respectively, reduced by net management fees and partnership expenses of $(5.7) million and $(15.0) million, respectively. The net unrealized gain recognized in net investment income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 related to private equity partnerships still held at September 30, 2023 was $29.7 million and $72.6 million, respectively, reduced by net management fees and partnership expenses of $(7.1) million and $(15.9) million, respectively. See Note 3 for further discussion of private equity partnerships.

Investment Gain and Loss

Investment gains and losses are as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
Gross Gains on Sales	$	1.1	$	0.4	$	1.1	$	3.7
Gross Losses on Sales	(8.5)		(37.4)		(29.7)		(50.7)
Impairment Loss 1	(1.3)		—		(2.5)		—
Change in Allowance for Credit Losses	(0.2)		—		(3.1)		—
Mortgage Loans and Other Invested Assets
Gross Gains on Sales	0.4		—		9.7		6.0
Gross Losses on Sales	—		(0.9)		—		(1.0)
Impairment Loss	—		(3.0)		—		(3.0)
Change in Allowance for Credit Losses	(4.5)		0.9		(6.4)		(0.9)
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	(0.8)		9.2		6.1		14.7
All Other Derivatives	(2.2)		2.0		(0.2)		2.0
Foreign Currency Transactions	3.1		(2.2)		0.5		(0.8)
Net Investment Gain (Loss)	$	(12.9)	$	(31.0)	$	(24.5)	$	(30.0)

1Includes write-down of securities that we intend to sell prior to recovery of the amortized cost basis.

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Derivative Financial Instruments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative Financial Instruments

Note 5 - Derivative Financial Instruments

Purpose of Derivatives

We are exposed to certain risks relating to our ongoing business operations. The primary risks managed by using derivative instruments are interest rate risk, risk related to matching duration for our assets and liabilities, foreign currency risk, and equity risk. Historically, we have utilized current and forward interest rate swaps, current and forward currency swaps, forward benchmark interest rate locks, currency forward contracts, forward contracts on specific fixed income securities, and total return swaps. Transactions hedging interest rate risk are primarily associated with our individual and group long-term care and individual and group disability products. All other product portfolios are periodically reviewed to determine if hedging strategies would be appropriate for risk management purposes. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.

Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges and used to reduce our exposure to interest rate and duration risk are as follows:

•Interest rate swaps were used to hedge interest rate risks and to improve the matching of assets and liabilities. An interest rate swap is an agreement in which we agree with other parties to exchange, at specified intervals, the difference between fixed rate and variable rate interest amounts. We used interest rate swaps to hedge the anticipated purchase of fixed maturity securities thereby protecting us from the potential adverse impact of declining interest rates on the associated policy reserves. We also used interest rate swaps to hedge the potential adverse impact of rising interest rates in anticipation of issuing fixed rate long-term debt.

•Forward benchmark interest rate locks are used to minimize interest rate risk associated with the anticipated purchase or associated future coupons of fixed maturity securities or the anticipated issuance of fixed rate long-term debt. A forward benchmark interest rate lock is a derivative contract without an initial investment where we and the

counterparty agree to purchase or sell a specific benchmark interest rate fixed maturity bond at a future date at a predetermined price or yield.

Derivatives designated as either cash flow or fair value hedges and used to reduce our exposure to foreign currency risk are as follows:

•Foreign currency interest rate swaps are used to hedge the currency risk of certain foreign currency-denominated fixed maturity securities owned for portfolio diversification. Under these swap agreements, we agree to pay, at specified intervals, fixed rate foreign currency-denominated principal and interest payments in exchange for fixed rate payments in the functional currency of the operating segment.

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments and used to reduce our exposure to foreign currency risk and volatility of the underlying deferred assets in our non-qualified defined contribution plan are as follows:

•Foreign currency interest rate swaps previously designated as hedges were used to hedge the currency risk of certain foreign currency-denominated fixed maturity securities owned for portfolio diversification. These derivatives were effective hedges prior to novation to a new counterparty. In conjunction with the novation, these derivatives were de-designated as hedges. We agree to pay, at specified intervals, fixed rate foreign currency-denominated principal and interest payments in exchange for fixed rate payments in the functional currency of the operating segment. We hold offsetting swaps wherein we agree to pay fixed rate principal and interest payments in the functional currency of the operating segment in exchange for fixed rate foreign currency-denominated payments.

•Foreign currency forward contracts are used to minimize foreign currency risk. A foreign currency forward is a derivative without an initial investment where we and the counterparty agree to exchange a specific amount of currencies, at a specific exchange rate, on a specific date. We use these forward contracts to hedge the currency risk arising from foreign-currency denominated investments.

•Total Return Swaps are used to economically hedge a portion of the liability related to our non-qualified defined contribution plan. A total return swap is an agreement in which we pay a floating rate of interest to the counterparty and receive the total return on a portfolio of mutual funds and exchange traded funds. These swaps are cash settled on the last day of every month and the notional is re-established each month based on plan participant actions.

Derivative Risks

The basic types of risks associated with derivatives are market risk (that the value of the derivative will be adversely impacted by changes in the market, primarily changes in interest rates, exchange rates, and equity prices) and credit risk (that the counterparty will not perform according to the terms of the contract). The market risk of the derivatives should generally offset the market risk associated with the hedged financial instrument or liability. To help limit the credit exposure of the derivatives, we enter into master netting agreements with our counterparties whereby contracts in a gain position can be offset against contracts in a loss position. We also typically enter into bilateral, cross-collateralization agreements with our counterparties to help limit the credit exposure of the derivatives. These agreements require the counterparty in a loss position to submit acceptable collateral with the other counterparty in the event the net loss position meets or exceeds an agreed upon amount. Credit exposure on derivatives is limited to the value of those contracts in a net gain position, including accrued interest receivable less collateral held. At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had $0.3 million and $1.6 million credit exposure on derivatives, respectively. The table below summarizes the nature and amount of collateral received from and posted to our derivative counterparties.

	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Carrying Value of Collateral Received from Counterparties
Cash	$	3.4	$	11.1
Fixed Maturity Securities	30.9		26.3
	$	34.3	$	37.4
Carrying Value of Collateral Posted to Counterparties
Cash	$	—	$	—
Fixed Maturity Securities	50.6		39.8
	$	50.6	$	39.8

See Note 4 for further discussion of our master netting agreements.

All of our derivative instruments contain provisions that require us to maintain specified issuer credit ratings and financial strength ratings. Should our ratings fall below these specified levels, we would be in violation of the provisions, and our derivatives counterparties could terminate our contracts and request immediate payment. The aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with credit risk-related contingent features that were in a liability position was $130.2 million and $116.2 million at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Cash Flow Hedges

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had $142.5 million and $149.5 million, respectively, notional amount of receive fixed, pay fixed, open current and forward foreign currency interest rate swaps to hedge fixed income foreign currency-denominated securities.

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had $2,523.0 million and $1,905.0 million, respectively, notional amount of forward benchmark interest rate locks to hedge the anticipated purchase or associated future coupons of fixed maturity securities.

As of September 30, 2024, we expect to amortize approximately $9.2 million of net deferred gains on derivative instruments during the next twelve months. This amount will be reclassified from AOCI into earnings and reported on the same income statement line item as the hedged item. The income statement line items that will be affected by this amortization are net investment income and interest and debt expense. Additional amounts that may be reclassified from AOCI into earnings to offset the earnings impact of foreign currency translation of hedged items are not estimable.

As of September 30, 2024, we are hedging the variability of future cash flows associated with forecasted transactions through the year 2064.

Fair Value Hedges

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had $693.2 million and $642.5 million, respectively, notional amount of receive fixed, pay fixed, open current and forward foreign currency interest rate swaps to hedge fixed income foreign currency-denominated securities.

The following table summarizes the carrying amount of hedged assets and the related cumulative basis adjustments related to our fair value hedges:

	Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets				Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Fixed maturity securities:
Receive fixed functional currency interest, pay fixed foreign currency interest	$	592.9	$	529.2	$	(0.5)	$	(6.1)

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, $8.2 million and $9.5 million, respectively, of the derivative instruments' gain (loss) related to cross-currency basis spread and forward points was excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, $(19.4) million and $(26.6) million, respectively, of the derivative instruments' gain (loss) related to cross-currency basis spread and forward points was excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness. There were no instances wherein we discontinued fair value hedge accounting due to a hedged firm commitment no longer qualifying as a fair value hedge.

Derivatives not Designated as Hedging Instruments

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we held $125.9 million and $132.0 million, respectively, notional amount of receive fixed, pay fixed, foreign currency interest rate swaps. These derivatives are not designated as hedges, and as such, changes in fair value related to these derivatives are reported in earnings as a component of net investment gain or loss.

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we held $54.6 million and $52.5 million, respectively, notional amount of foreign currency forwards to mitigate the foreign currency risk associated with specific securities owned. These derivatives are not designated as hedges, and as such, changes in fair value related to these derivatives are reported in earnings as a component of net investment gain or loss.

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we held $126.3 million and $102.2 million, respectively, notional amount of total return swaps to mitigate the volatility associated with changes in the fair value of the underlying notional assets in our non-qualified defined contribution plan. This derivative is an economic hedge not designated as a hedging instrument, and changes in fair value are reported as a component of other expenses in our income statement.

We have an embedded derivative in a modified coinsurance arrangement for which we include in our net investment gains and losses, a calculation intended to estimate the value of the option of our reinsurance counterparty to cancel the reinsurance contract with us. However, neither party can unilaterally terminate the reinsurance agreement except in extreme circumstances resulting from regulatory supervision, delinquency proceedings, or other direct regulatory action. Cash settlements or collateral related to this embedded derivative are not required at any time during the reinsurance contract or at termination of the reinsurance contract. There are no credit-related counterparty triggers, and any accumulated embedded derivative gain or loss reduces to zero over time as the reinsured business winds down.

Locations and Amounts of Derivative Financial Instruments

The following tables summarize the notional amounts and fair values of derivative financial instruments, as reported in our consolidated balance sheets. Derivative assets are included in other long-term investments, while derivative liabilities are included in other liabilities within our consolidated balance sheets. The notional amounts represent the basis upon which our counterparty pay and receive amounts are calculated.

	September 30, 2024
			Derivative Assets		Derivative Liabilities
	Notional Amount		Fair Value		Fair Value
	(in millions of dollars)
Designated as Hedging Instruments
Cash Flow Hedges
Forward Benchmark Interest Rate Locks	$	2,523.0	$	47.4	$	94.7
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	142.5		14.9		3.0
Total Cash Flow Hedges	2,665.5		62.3		97.7
Fair Value Hedges
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	693.2		41.1		15.7
Total Designated as Hedging Instruments	$	3,358.7	$	103.4	$	113.4
Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Foreign Currency Forwards	$	54.6	$	2.1	$	0.5
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	125.9		—		16.3
Total Return Swaps	126.3		—		—
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	—		4.6		—
Total Not Designated as Hedging Instruments	$	306.8	$	6.7	$	16.8
Total Derivatives	$	3,665.5	$	110.1	$	130.2

	December 31, 2023
			Derivative Assets		Derivative Liabilities
	Notional Amount		Fair Value		Fair Value
	(in millions of dollars)
Designated as Hedging Instruments
Cash Flow Hedges
Forward Benchmark Interest Rate Locks	$	1,905.0	$	44.5	$	77.8
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	149.5		14.2		4.5
Total Cash Flow Hedges	2,054.5		58.7		82.3
Fair Value Hedges
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	642.5		38.2		16.7
Total Designated as Hedging Instruments	$	2,697.0	$	96.9	$	99.0
Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Foreign Currency Forwards	$	52.5	$	3.0	$	0.2
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	132.0		—		17.0
Total Return Swaps	102.2		—		—
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	—		—		1.5
Total Not Designated as Hedging Instruments	$	286.7	$	3.0	$	18.7
Total Derivatives	$	2,983.7	$	99.9	$	117.7

The following tables summarize the location of gains and losses of derivative financial instruments designated as hedging instruments, as reported in our consolidated statements of income.

	Three Months Ended September 30
	2024						2023
	Net Investment Income		Net Investment Gain (Loss)		Interest and Debt Expense		Net Investment Income		Net Investment Gain (Loss)		Interest and Debt Expense
	(in millions of dollars)
Total Income and Expense Presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income of Which Hedged Items are Recorded	$	527.8	$	(12.9)	$	49.2	$	526.0	$	(31.0)	$	48.6
Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Interest Rate Swaps:
Hedged Items	21.1		—		0.7		49.7		—		0.7
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments	3.7		—		—		8.3		—		—
Foreign Exchange Contracts:
Hedged Items	2.3		(0.7)		—		2.3		(0.1)		—
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments	0.9		0.7		—		0.4		—		—
Forward Benchmark Interest Rate Locks:
Hedged Items	10.7		—		—		3.9		—		—
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments	(0.3)		—		—		(0.1)		—		—
Gain (Loss) on Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Foreign Exchange Contracts:
Hedged Items	4.9		25.2		—		3.9		(15.2)		—
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments	4.2		(25.2)		—		3.1		15.2		—

	Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024						2023
	Net Investment Income		Net Investment Gain (Loss)		Interest and Debt Expense		Net Investment Income		Net Investment Gain (Loss)		Interest and Debt Expense
	(in millions of dollars)
Total Income and Expense Presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income of Which Hedged Items are Recorded	$	1,586.4	$	(24.5)	$	148.6	$	1,565.9	$	(30.0)	$	145.6
Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Interest Rate Swaps:
Hedged Items	91.3		—		2.2		148.2		0.8		2.2
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments	14.5		—		—		27.7		—		—
Foreign Exchange Contracts:
Hedged Items	6.5		(0.4)		—		7.3		(0.1)		—
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments	0.5		0.5		—		0.6		0.1		—
Forward Benchmark Interest Rate Locks:
Hedged Items	29.6		—		—		7.7		—		—
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments	(0.7)		—		—		(0.1)		—		—
Gain (Loss) on Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Foreign Exchange Contracts:
Hedged Items	13.4		5.6		—		10.3		(8.7)		—
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments	11.5		(5.6)		—		6.7		8.7		—

The following table summarizes the location of gains and losses of derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedging instruments, as reported in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on Derivatives
Forwards	$	66.0	$	(158.9)	$	(39.6)	$	(159.7)
Foreign Exchange Contracts	(1.2)		3.4		2.6		0.7
Total	$	64.8	$	(155.5)	$	(37.0)	$	(159.0)

The following table summarizes the location of gains and losses on our derivatives not designated as hedging instruments, as reported in our consolidated statements of income.

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Net Investment Gain (Loss)
Foreign Exchange Contracts	$	(2.2)	$	2.0	$	(0.2)	$	2.0
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	(0.8)		9.2		6.1		14.7
Total	$	(3.0)	$	11.2	$	5.9	$	16.7
Other Expenses
(Gain) Loss on Total Return Swaps	$	(5.4)	$	4.1	$	(14.1)	$	(4.7)

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Components of our accumulated other comprehensive loss, after tax, and related changes are as follows:

	Net Unrealized Loss on Securities		Effect of Change in Discount Rate Assumptions on the LFPB1		Net Loss on Derivatives		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment		Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Balance at June 30, 2024	$	(2,723.8)	$	712.3	$	(164.6)	$	(328.4)	$	(341.7)	$	(2,846.2)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications	1,225.8		(1,239.3)		58.8		68.5		(4.2)		109.6
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss	6.8		—		(3.1)		—		3.2		6.9
Net Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	1,232.6		(1,239.3)		55.7		68.5		(1.0)		116.5
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	(1,491.2)	$	(527.0)	$	(108.9)	$	(259.9)	$	(342.7)	$	(2,729.7)
Balance at June 30, 2023	$	(2,762.6)	$	0.1	$	(33.3)	$	(327.1)	$	(334.7)	$	(3,457.6)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications	(1,215.1)		1,688.4		(137.9)		(55.1)		2.5		282.8
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss	29.3		—		(6.5)		—		1.4		24.2
Net Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	(1,185.8)		1,688.4		(144.4)		(55.1)		3.9		307.0
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	(3,948.4)	$	1,688.5	$	(177.7)	$	(382.2)	$	(330.8)	$	(3,150.6)
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	(1,919.1)	$	(648.4)	$	(73.7)	$	(321.1)	$	(345.7)	$	(3,308.0)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications	401.1		121.4		(24.3)		61.2		(6.6)		552.8
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss	26.8		—		(10.9)		—		9.6		25.5
Net Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	427.9		121.4		(35.2)		61.2		3.0		578.3
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	(1,491.2)	$	(527.0)	$	(108.9)	$	(259.9)	$	(342.7)	$	(2,729.7)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	(3,028.4)	$	313.9	$	(9.6)	$	(390.1)	$	(334.1)	$	(3,448.3)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications	(957.2)		1,374.6		(146.4)		7.9		(0.9)		278.0
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss	37.2		—		(21.7)		—		4.2		19.7
Net Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	(920.0)		1,374.6		(168.1)		7.9		3.3		297.7
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	(3,948.4)	$	1,688.5	$	(177.7)	$	(382.2)	$	(330.8)	$	(3,150.6)
1Liability for Future Policy Benefits

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss were recognized in our consolidated statements of income as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Net Unrealized Loss on Securities
Net Investment Loss on Fixed Maturity Securities
Net Loss on Sales	$	(7.4)	$	(37.0)	$	(28.6)	$	(47.0)
Impairment Loss	(1.3)		—		(2.5)		—
Change in Allowance for Credit Losses	(0.2)		—		(3.1)		—
	(8.9)		(37.0)		(34.2)		(47.0)
Income Tax Benefit	(2.1)		(7.7)		(7.4)		(9.8)
Total	$	(6.8)	$	(29.3)	$	(26.8)	$	(37.2)
Net Loss on Derivatives
Net Investment Income
Gain on Interest Rate Swaps and Forwards	$	3.4	$	8.3	$	13.8	$	27.6
Loss on Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	—		(0.1)		(0.1)		(0.2)
Net Investment Gain
Gain on Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	0.6		—		0.1		0.1
	4.0		8.2		13.8		27.5
Income Tax Expense	0.9		1.7		2.9		5.8
Total	$	3.1	$	6.5	$	10.9	$	21.7
Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs
Other Expenses
Amortization of Net Actuarial Loss	$	(4.2)	$	(1.8)	$	(12.4)	$	(5.4)
Amortization of Prior Service Credit	0.1		—		0.2		0.1
	(4.1)		(1.8)		(12.2)		(5.3)
Income Tax Benefit	(0.9)		(0.4)		(2.6)		(1.1)
Total	$	(3.2)	$	(1.4)	$	(9.6)	$	(4.2)

XML

Liability for Future Policy Benefits, Policyholder's Account Balances, and Deferred Acquisition Costs

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Insurance [Abstract]

Long-Duration Insurance Contracts Disclosure

Liabilities for future policy benefits represent the cost of claims that we estimate we will eventually pay to our policyholders which includes policy liabilities for claims not yet incurred and for claims that have been incurred or are estimated to have been incurred but not yet reported to us. Liabilities for future policy benefits also include the related expenses for our non interest-sensitive life and accident and health products. The liability for future policy benefits is calculated based on the present value of the estimated future policy benefits less the present value of estimated future net premiums collected. Net premiums represent the portion of the gross premium required to provide for all benefits and expenses, excluding acquisition costs or any costs that are required to be charged to expense as incurred. In calculating the liability for future policy benefits, our long-duration contracts are grouped into cohorts by product type and contract issue year.

The calculation of the liability for future policy benefits involves numerous assumptions including assumptions related to discount rate, lapses, mortality, and morbidity.

Cash flow assumptions are reviewed and updated, as needed, at least annually. Assumptions may be updated more frequently if necessary based on trending experience and future expectations. On a quarterly basis, cohort level cash flow measures are updated based on the emergence of actual experience.

The initial, also referred to as the original, discount rate assumptions established for each cohort are used to determine interest accretion. After policy issuance or policy renewal, the discount rate assumptions are updated quarterly and used to update the liability at each reporting date to the current discount rate. The weighted average current discount rate was 4.8 percent at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The weighted average current discount rate was 5.6 percent at September 30, 2023 compared to 5.0 percent at December 31, 2022, with the increase due primarily to an increase in U.S. Treasury rates.

During the third quarter of 2024, we completed our annual cash flow assumption review and updated certain of our assumptions used to develop the liability for future policy benefits which resulted in a net decrease to the liability. The decrease to the liability for future policy benefits was driven primarily by assumption updates in our Closed Block long-term care product line, Unum US group disability product line, Unum US individual disability product line, and the Colonial Life segment. The Closed Block long-term care assumption updates were primarily driven by an increase to expected premium rate increase approvals within our existing premium rate increase program, partially offset by lower than expected persistency on group policies. The Unum US group disability product line assumption updates were primarily related to claim resolution assumptions driven by favorable claim recovery trends, while the Unum US individual disability product line assumption updates were primarily driven by favorable claim incidence trends. The Colonial Life segment assumption updates were driven by improved claim cost assumptions.

During the third quarter of 2023, we completed our annual cash flow assumption review and updated certain of our assumptions used to develop the liability for future policy benefits which resulted in a net increase to the liability. The increase to the liability for future policy benefits was driven primarily by assumption updates in our Closed Block long-term care product line, partially offset by assumption updates in the Unum US group disability product line and in the Colonial Life segment. The long-term care assumption updates were primarily driven by lower expectations for active policy lapse and mortality assumptions, partially offset by an increase to expected premium rate increase approvals within our existing premium rate increase program. The Unum US group disability product line assumption updates were primarily related to claim resolution assumptions driven by favorable claim recovery trends, while the Colonial Life segment assumption updates were driven by improved claim cost assumptions and increases in policyholder lapse rates.

Actual variance from expected experience during the first nine months of 2024 and 2023 was due primarily to the Unum US group disability, Closed Block long-term care, and the Unum US group life and accidental death and dismemberment product lines. During the first nine months of 2024 and 2023, the variance in the Unum US group disability product line was primarily due to higher than expected claim resolutions driven by recoveries. During the first nine months of 2024 and 2023, the variance in the Closed Block long-term care product line was driven primarily by higher than expected claim incidence. Also impacting the variance for the first nine months of 2024 was lower than expected policy terminations, partially offset by higher than expected claim resolutions. During the first nine months of 2024 and 2023, the variance in the Unum US group life and accidental death and dismemberment product line was driven primarily by lower than expected new claim incidence. Also contributing to the comparison for the first nine months of 2024 was higher than expected claim resolutions driven by recoveries. The variance for the first nine months of 2023 is also impacted by our Unum US individual disability product line which was driven primarily by lower than expected new claim incidence.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, there were certain cohorts within the Colonial Life segment, related to our cancer and critical illness product line, and within the Closed Block segment, related to our long-term care product line, for which net premiums exceeded gross premiums. The cohorts for which net premiums exceeded the gross premiums within the Closed Block segment resulted in a $70.8 million increase to income before income tax for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and resulted in a $215.5 million reduction to income before income tax for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the cohorts for which net premiums exceeded the gross premiums within the Colonial Life segment had an immaterial impact to income before income tax. The impact to income for capped cohorts includes the impact of assumption updates. There were no other product lines with cohorts for which net premiums exceeded gross premiums for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 or 2023.

The following table presents balances as well as the changes in the liability for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products.

	Consolidated
	September 30
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	14,417.8	$	12,426.2
Beginning balance at original discount rate	14,243.2		12,695.3
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	73.0		1,499.2
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(151.9)		(121.8)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	14,164.3		14,072.7
Issuances	856.7		861.2
Interest accretion	481.8		430.8
Net premiums collected	(1,222.6)		(1,164.9)
Foreign currency	7.3		(0.1)
Ending balance at original discount rate	14,287.5		14,199.7
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	319.0		(709.0)
Balance, end of period	$	14,606.5	$	13,490.7
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	52,423.6	$	48,929.4
Beginning balance at original discount rate	51,305.7		49,689.0
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(248.5)		1,702.0
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(355.6)		(356.4)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	50,701.6		51,034.6
Issuances1	2,506.9		2,547.0
Interest accretion	1,707.3		1,670.3
Benefit payments	(4,078.4)		(4,106.1)
Foreign currency	121.0		19.6
Ending balance at original discount rate	50,958.4		51,165.4
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	1,204.1		(3,111.7)
Balance, end of period	$	52,162.5	$	48,053.7
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	37,556.0	$	34,563.0
Other2	1,655.7		1,703.3
Total liability for future policy benefits	39,211.7		36,266.3
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	7,455.9		7,449.0
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	31,755.8	$	28,817.3
1Issuances include new policy issuances for most product lines. For our Unum US group disability, Unum US group life and AD&D and Closed Block - All Other product lines and certain of our Unum International product lines, this line represents new claim incurrals.
2Other primarily relates to our Closed Block - All Other product line.

The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products presented in the rollforward activity above.

	Consolidated
	Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	7,568.4	$	7,278.4
Interest accretion	$	1,225.5	$	1,239.5

	Consolidated
	September 30
	2024			2023
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	104,039.1		$	105,306.1
Expected future gross premiums	$	39,394.1		$	38,581.4
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	25,941.4		$	25,435.2
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	4.9		%	4.8		%
Current discount rate	4.8		%	5.6		%
Weighted average duration of the liability	11.5 years			11.5 years

The following table presents the balances and changes in the reserves for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products in the Unum US segment.

	September 30, 2024
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Voluntary Benefits		Individual Disability		Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	—	$	—	$	1,134.7	$	1,296.7	$	2,431.4
Beginning balance at original discount rate	—		—		1,192.5		1,294.4		2,486.9
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	—		—		41.5		(100.2)		(58.7)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	—		—		(72.1)		(5.3)		(77.4)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	—		—		1,161.9		1,188.9		2,350.8
Issuances1	—		—		295.0		119.2		414.2
Interest accretion	—		—		29.9		39.8		69.7
Net premiums collected	—		—		(144.9)		(138.7)		(283.6)
Ending balance at original discount rate	—		—		1,341.9		1,209.2		2,551.1
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	—		—		(41.7)		16.7		(25.0)
Balance, end of period	$	—	$	—	$	1,300.2	$	1,225.9	$	2,526.1
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	5,147.4	$	922.0	$	2,334.5	$	3,348.6	$	11,752.5
Beginning balance at original discount rate	5,277.1		936.5		2,422.0		3,313.9		11,949.5
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(76.4)		(17.0)		51.6		(155.4)		(197.2)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(152.4)		(49.7)		(81.1)		(18.9)		(302.1)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	5,048.3		869.8		2,392.5		3,139.6		11,450.2
Issuances1	893.7		333.3		315.1		127.1		1,669.2
Interest accretion	121.7		14.3		73.2		113.3		322.5
Benefit payments	(1,109.7)		(357.8)		(170.3)		(207.2)		(1,845.0)
Ending balance at original discount rate	4,954.0		859.6		2,610.5		3,172.8		11,596.9
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(43.4)		(6.3)		(91.7)		65.8		(75.6)
Balance, end of period	$	4,910.6	$	853.3	$	2,518.8	$	3,238.6	$	11,521.3
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	4,910.6	$	853.3	$	1,218.6	$	2,012.7	$	8,995.2
Other	0.1		0.8		2.7		28.1		31.7
Total liability for future policy benefits	4,910.7		854.1		1,221.3		2,040.8		9,026.9
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	26.8		5.7		13.7		154.6		200.8
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	4,883.9	$	848.4	$	1,207.6	$	1,886.2	$	8,826.1
1Issuances include new policy issuances for most product lines. Issuances for Unum US group disability and Unum US group life and AD&D represents new claim incurrals.

	September 30, 2023
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Voluntary Benefits		Individual Disability		Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	—	$	—	$	868.2	$	1,202.9	$	2,071.1
Beginning balance at original discount rate	—		—		937.9		1,228.1		2,166.0
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	—		—		180.7		5.0		185.7
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	—		—		(98.2)		(13.6)		(111.8)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	—		—		1,020.4		1,219.5		2,239.9
Issuances1	—		—		258.6		164.0		422.6
Interest accretion	—		—		21.4		36.3		57.7
Net premiums collected	—		—		(124.2)		(131.7)		(255.9)
Ending balance at original discount rate	—		—		1,176.2		1,288.1		2,464.3
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	—		—		(119.4)		(62.2)		(181.6)
Balance, end of period	$	—	$	—	$	1,056.8	$	1,225.9	$	2,282.7
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	5,533.3	$	972.6	$	1,999.5	$	3,192.8	$	11,698.2
Beginning balance at original discount rate	5,793.1		998.5		2,141.2		3,244.5		12,177.3
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(100.2)		—		170.1		7.9		77.8
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(187.8)		(28.2)		(109.6)		(42.3)		(367.9)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	5,505.1		970.3		2,201.7		3,210.1		11,887.2
Issuances1	907.1		356.1		270.4		173.8		1,707.4
Interest accretion	137.6		15.8		64.3		123.2		340.9
Benefit payments	(1,186.8)		(402.1)		(143.9)		(203.5)		(1,936.3)
Ending balance at original discount rate	5,363.0		940.1		2,392.5		3,303.6		11,999.2
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(310.1)		(35.6)		(280.7)		(190.0)		(816.4)
Balance, end of period	$	5,052.9	$	904.5	$	2,111.8	$	3,113.6	$	11,182.8
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	5,052.9	$	904.5	$	1,055.0	$	1,887.7	$	8,900.1
Other	0.5		1.0		2.4		26.0		29.9
Total liability for future policy benefits	5,053.4		905.5		1,057.4		1,913.7		8,930.0
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	32.8		6.2		13.2		148.1		200.3
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	5,020.6	$	899.3	$	1,044.2	$	1,765.6	$	8,729.7
1Issuances include new policy issuances for most product lines. Issuances for Unum US group disability and Unum US group life and AD&D represents new claim incurrals.

The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products in the Unum US segment presented in the rollforward activity above.

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Voluntary Benefits		Individual Disability		Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	2,294.8	$	1,496.3	$	621.3	$	494.2	$	4,906.6
Interest accretion	$	121.7	$	14.3	$	43.3	$	73.5	$	252.8

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Voluntary Benefits		Individual Disability		Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	2,210.4	$	1,403.2	$	592.1	$	474.2	$	4,679.9
Interest accretion	$	137.6	$	15.8	$	42.9	$	86.9	$	283.2

	September 30, 2024
	Group Disability			Group Life and AD&D			Voluntary Benefits			Individual Disability			Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	6,001.5		$	977.0		$	5,579.6		$	5,082.2		$	17,640.3
Expected future gross premiums	$	—		$	—		$	5,822.4		$	5,817.0		$	11,639.4
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	—		$	—		$	3,854.6		$	4,180.2		$	8,034.8
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	4.1		%	2.3		%	5.0		%	5.1		%	4.3		%
Current discount rate	4.3		%	2.4		%	4.9		%	4.6		%	4.3		%
Weighted average duration of the liability	4.2 years			2.5 years			18.5 years			9.4 years			7.1 years

	September 30, 2023
	Group Disability			Group Life and AD&D			Voluntary Benefits			Individual Disability			Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	6,474.2		$	1,069.2		$	5,107.4		$	5,292.7		$	17,943.5
Expected future gross premiums	$	—		$	—		$	5,317.5		$	5,701.8		$	11,019.3
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	—		$	—		$	3,663.8		$	4,099.5		$	7,763.3
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	4.0		%	2.3		%	5.0		%	5.1		%	4.2%
Current discount rate	5.4		%	3.1		%	5.7		%	5.7		%	5.3%
Weighted average duration of the liability	4.3 years			2.7 years			18.2 years			9.6 years			6.9 years

Unum International Segment

The following table presents the balances and changes in the reserves for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products in the Unum International segment.

	September 30
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	270.3	$	197.1
Beginning balance at original discount rate	298.4		246.8
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(5.9)		(5.1)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	15.1		12.2
Adjusted beginning of year balance	307.6		253.9
Issuances1	25.3		16.9
Interest accretion	8.7		6.9
Net premiums collected	(21.2)		(16.9)
Foreign currency	7.3		(0.1)
Ending balance at original discount rate	327.7		260.7
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(27.9)		(37.6)
Balance, end of period	$	299.8	$	223.1
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	2,527.4	$	2,231.4
Beginning balance at original discount rate	2,687.1		2,495.5
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	0.1		17.7
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(13.4)		(9.2)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	2,673.8		2,504.0
Issuances1	300.3		277.3
Interest accretion	51.3		47.7
Benefit payments	(326.4)		(307.5)
Foreign currency	121.0		19.6
Ending balance at original discount rate	2,820.0		2,541.1
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(214.9)		(297.1)
Balance, end of period	$	2,605.1	$	2,244.0
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	2,305.3	$	2,020.9
Other	43.1		30.3
Total liability for future policy benefits	2,348.4		2,051.2
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	78.0		69.4
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	2,270.4	$	1,981.8
1Issuances for Unum International primarily represent new claim incurrals.

The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products in the Unum International segment presented in the rollforward activity above.

	Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	710.2	$	667.7
Interest accretion	$	42.6	$	40.8

	September 30
	2024			2023
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	4,536.2		$	4,012.8
Expected future gross premiums	$	1,335.6		$	1,035.7
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	854.1		$	676.8
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	4.1		%	4.0		%
Current discount rate	4.9		%	5.4		%
Weighted average duration of the liability	8.9 years			8.6 years

Colonial Life Segment

The following table presents the balances and changes in the reserves for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products in the Colonial Life segment.

	September 30
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	3,592.6	$	3,745.4
Beginning balance at original discount rate	3,754.3		4,046.4
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(7.9)		(322.7)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(57.0)		(77.1)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	3,689.4		3,646.6
Issuances	417.2		421.7
Interest accretion	101.4		94.3
Net premiums collected	(455.5)		(454.0)
Ending balance at original discount rate	3,752.5		3,708.6
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(105.6)		(348.7)
Balance, end of period	$	3,646.9	$	3,359.9
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	5,566.0	$	5,581.1
Beginning balance at original discount rate	5,925.2		6,163.9
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(52.7)		(402.9)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(84.2)		(90.1)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	5,788.3		5,670.9
Issuances	455.1		461.1
Interest accretion	172.2		161.0
Benefit payments	(458.4)		(462.1)
Ending balance at original discount rate	5,957.2		5,830.9
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(303.5)		(731.9)
Balance, end of period	$	5,653.7	$	5,099.0
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	2,006.8	$	1,739.1
Other	25.1		24.3
Total liability for future policy benefits	2,031.9		1,763.4
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	1.5		0.9
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	2,030.4	$	1,762.5

The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products in the Colonial Life segment presented in the rollforward activity above.

	Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	1,286.4	$	1,240.3
Interest accretion	$	70.8	$	66.7

	September 30
	2024			2023
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	10,242.2		$	9,568.2
Expected future gross premiums	$	12,450.4		$	11,847.5
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	8,948.9		$	8,684.1
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	4.4		%	4.3		%
Current discount rate	4.8		%	5.7		%
Weighted average duration of the liability	17.3 years			16.9 years

Closed Block Segment

The following table presents the balances and changes in the reserves for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products in the Closed Block segment.

	September 30, 2024
	Long-term Care		All Other		Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	8,123.5	$	—	$	8,123.5
Beginning balance at original discount rate	7,703.6		—		7,703.6
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	145.5		—		145.5
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(32.6)		—		(32.6)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	7,816.5		—		7,816.5
Interest accretion	302.0		—		302.0
Net premiums collected	(462.3)		—		(462.3)
Ending balance at original discount rate	7,656.2		—		7,656.2
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	477.5		—		477.5
Balance, end of period	$	8,133.7	$	—	$	8,133.7
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	24,697.7	$	7,880.0	$	32,577.7
Beginning balance at original discount rate	22,649.3		8,094.6		30,743.9
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(4.1)		5.4		1.3
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	38.9		5.2		44.1
Adjusted beginning of year balance	22,684.1		8,105.2		30,789.3
Issuances1	—		82.3		82.3
Interest accretion	899.7		261.6		1,161.3
Benefit payments	(710.0)		(738.6)		(1,448.6)
Ending balance at original discount rate	22,873.8		7,710.5		30,584.3
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	1,927.3		(129.2)		1,798.1
Balance, end of period	$	24,801.1	$	7,581.3	$	32,382.4
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	16,667.4	$	7,581.3	$	24,248.7
Other2	(0.7)		1,556.5		1,555.8
Total liability for future policy benefits	16,666.7		9,137.8		25,804.5
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	4.2		7,171.4		7,175.6
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	16,662.5	$	1,966.4	$	18,628.9
1Issuances for Closed Block - All Other represents new claim incurrals.
2Other for Closed Block - All Other primarily includes our closed block group pension products and certain of our ceded closed block individual life products.

	September 30, 2023
	Long-term Care		All Other		Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	6,412.6	$	—	$	6,412.6
Beginning balance at original discount rate	6,236.1		—		6,236.1
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	1,641.3		—		1,641.3
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	54.9		—		54.9
Adjusted beginning of year balance	7,932.3		—		7,932.3
Interest accretion	271.9		—		271.9
Net premiums collected	(438.1)		—		(438.1)
Ending balance at original discount rate	7,766.1		—		7,766.1
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(141.1)		—		(141.1)
Balance, end of period	$	7,625.0	$	—	$	7,625.0
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	21,199.9	$	8,218.8	$	29,418.7
Beginning balance at original discount rate	20,221.6		8,630.7		28,852.3
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	2,009.4		—		2,009.4
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	106.7		4.1		110.8
Adjusted beginning of year balance	22,337.7		8,634.8		30,972.5
Issuances1	—		101.2		101.2
Interest accretion	850.7		270.0		1,120.7
Benefit payments	(624.2)		(776.0)		(1,400.2)
Ending balance at original discount rate	22,564.2		8,230.0		30,794.2
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(579.3)		(687.0)		(1,266.3)
Balance, end of period	$	21,984.9	$	7,543.0	$	29,527.9
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	14,359.9	$	7,543.0	$	21,902.9
Other2	12.8		1,606.0		1,618.8
Total liability for future policy benefits	14,372.7		9,149.0		23,521.7
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	4.6		7,173.7		7,178.3
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	14,368.1	$	1,975.3	$	16,343.4
1Issuances for Closed Block - All Other represents new claim incurrals.
2Other for Closed Block - All Other primarily includes our closed block group pension products and certain of our ceded closed block individual life products.

The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products in the Closed Block segment presented in the rollforward activity above.

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Long-term Care		All Other		Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	521.6	$	143.6	$	665.2
Interest accretion	$	597.7	$	261.6	$	859.3

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Long-term Care		All Other		Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	521.2	$	169.3	$	690.5
Interest accretion	$	578.8	$	270.0	$	848.8

	September 30, 2024
	Long-term Care			All Other			Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	60,339.0		$	11,281.4		$	71,620.4
Expected future gross premiums	$	13,968.7		$	—		$	13,968.7
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	8,103.6		$	—		$	8,103.6
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	5.6		%	4.6		%	5.2		%
Current discount rate	5.0		%	4.7		%	4.9		%
Weighted average duration of the liability	15.9 years			7.2 years			13.0 years

	September 30, 2023
	Long-term Care			All Other			Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	61,672.0		$	12,109.6		$	73,781.6
Expected future gross premiums	$	14,678.9		$	—		$	14,678.9
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	8,311.0		$	—		$	8,311.0
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	5.6		%	4.6		%	5.2%
Current discount rate	5.8		%	5.7		%	5.8%
Weighted average duration of the liability	16.6 years			7.3 years			13.3 years

Reconciliation

A reconciliation of the liability for future policy benefits reflected in the preceding rollforwards to the related liability balances in the consolidated balance sheets are as follows:

	September 30
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Liability for future policy benefits
Unum US1	$	9,026.9	$	8,930.0
Unum International	2,348.4		2,051.2
Colonial Life	2,031.9		1,763.4
Closed Block1	25,804.5		23,521.7
Other products1	232.8		236.1
Total liability for future policy benefits	$	39,444.5	$	36,502.4

1Unum US excludes dental & vision and medical stop-loss product lines and Closed Block excludes our participating fund account, which represents policies issued by one of our subsidiaries prior to its 1986 conversion from a mutual stock life insurance company. The liabilities associated with these products are included within Other products.

Policyholders' account balances primarily include our universal life and corporate-owned life insurance products. Policyholders' account balances reflect customer deposits and interest credited less cost of insurance, administration expenses, surrender charges, and customer withdrawals.

The following table presents the balances and changes in the policyholders' account balances:

	September 30, 2024
	Unum US - Voluntary Benefits		Colonial Life		Closed Block - All Other		Total
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Balance, beginning of year	$	578.6	$	852.9	$	4,082.7	$	5,514.2
Premiums received	40.7		60.2		23.3		124.2
Policy charges1	(42.9)		(54.2)		(73.7)		(170.8)
Surrenders and withdrawals	(24.3)		(30.4)		(9.8)		(64.5)
Benefit payments	(4.8)		(6.0)		(157.1)		(167.9)
Interest credited	15.7		25.6		220.1		261.4
Other	7.6		0.2		0.8		8.6
Balance, end of period	570.6		848.3		4,086.3		5,505.2
Reserves in excess of account balance	104.4		14.5		37.2		156.1
Total policyholders' account balances	675.0		862.8		4,123.5		5,661.3
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to policyholders' account balances	0.8		—		4,123.5		4,124.3
Net policyholders' account balances, after reinsurance recoverable	$	674.2	$	862.8	$	—	$	1,537.0
Weighted average crediting rate	3.7%		4.1%		7.4%		6.5%
Net amount at risk2	$	4,210.4	$	8,325.0	$	1,698.7	$	14,234.1
Cash surrender value	$	560.4	$	817.1	$	4,062.7	$	5,440.2
1Contracts included in the policyholder account balances are generally charged a premium and/or monthly assessments on the basis of the account balance.
2For those guarantees of benefits that are payable in the event of death, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the current guaranteed minimum death benefit in excess of the current account balance at the balance sheet date.

	September 30, 2023
	Unum US - Voluntary Benefits		Colonial Life		Closed Block - All Other		Total
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Balance, beginning of year	$	586.8	$	852.4	$	4,159.4	$	5,598.6
Premiums received	44.9		64.4		25.2		134.5
Policy charges1	(45.8)		(56.3)		(78.9)		(181.0)
Surrenders and withdrawals	(23.6)		(28.5)		(12.1)		(64.2)
Benefit payments	(7.5)		(5.6)		(191.0)		(204.1)
Interest credited	17.0		25.7		239.0		281.7
Other	6.7		(0.2)		24.3		30.8
Balance, end of period	578.5		851.9		4,165.9		5,596.3
Reserves in excess of account balance	99.2		16.6		32.4		148.2
Total policyholders' account balances	677.7		868.5		4,198.3		5,744.5
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to policyholders' account balances	1.0		—		4,198.3		4,199.3
Net policyholders' account balances, after reinsurance recoverable	$	676.7	$	868.5	$	—	$	1,545.2
Weighted average crediting rate	4.0%		4.1%		8.0%		6.9%
Net amount at risk2	$	4,600.0	$	8,901.6	$	1,807.1	$	15,308.7
Cash surrender value	$	568.9	$	810.1	$	4,033.4	$	5,412.4
1Contracts included in the policyholder account balances are generally charged a premium and/or monthly assessments on the basis of the account balance.
2For those guarantees of benefits that are payable in the event of death, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the current guaranteed minimum death benefit in excess of the current account balance at the balance sheet date.

The balance of the account values by range of guaranteed minimum crediting rates and the related range of difference, in basis points, between rates being credited to policyholders and the respective guaranteed minimums is as follows.

	September 30, 2024
Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate	At Guaranteed Minimum		1 Basis Point - 50 Basis Points Above		51 Basis Points - 150 Basis Points Above		Greater than 150 Basis Points Above		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
	Unum US - Voluntary Benefits
3.00% - 3.99%	$	89.8	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	89.8
4.00% - 4.99%	220.2		193.6		35.8		—		449.6
5.00% - 6.00%	31.2		—		—		—		31.2
	341.2		193.6		35.8		—		570.6
	Colonial Life
4.00% - 5.00%	842.0		6.3		—		—		848.3
	Closed Block - All Other
3.00% - 5.99%	415.9		1,117.1		27.7		—		1,560.7
6.00% - 8.99%	1.3		25.6		—		—		26.9
9.00% - 11.99%	—		2,299.3		—		—		2,299.3
12.00% - 15.00%	—		199.4		—		—		199.4
	417.2		3,641.4		27.7		—		4,086.3
Total	$	1,600.4	$	3,841.3	$	63.5	$	—	$	5,505.2

	September 30, 2023
Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate	At Guaranteed Minimum		1 Basis Point - 50 Basis Points Above		51 Basis Points - 150 Basis Points Above		Greater than 150 Basis Points Above		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
	Unum US - Voluntary Benefits
3.00% - 3.99%	$	91.6	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	91.6
4.00% - 4.99%	265.4		188.5		—		—		453.9
5.00% - 6.00%	33.0		—		—		—		33.0
	390.0		188.5		—		—		578.5
	Colonial Life
4.00% - 5.00%	845.8		6.1		—		—		851.9
	Closed Block - All Other
3.00% - 5.99%	431.3		1,181.2		27.1		—		1,639.6
6.00% - 8.99%	2.1		28.5		—		—		30.6
9.00% - 11.99%	398.4		1,914.7		—		—		2,313.1
12.00% - 15.00%	—		182.6		—		—		182.6
	831.8		3,307.0		27.1		—		4,165.9
Total	$	2,067.6	$	3,501.6	$	27.1	$	—	$	5,596.3

Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs by Segment

Note 9 - Deferred Acquisition Costs

During the third quarters of 2024 and 2023, we updated our policyholder lapse and mortality assumptions used to develop the future amortization for DAC for the Unum US voluntary benefits product line and the Colonial Life segment. These assumption updates were consistent with the related assumption updates for the liability for future policy benefits.

The following tables display the changes in DAC throughout the period:

	September 30, 2024
	Unum US		Unum International		Colonial Life		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year	$	1,232.2	$	46.9	$	1,435.4	$	2,714.5
Capitalization	247.4		13.2		234.7		495.3
Amortization expense	(216.7)		(7.3)		(163.9)		(387.9)
Foreign currency	—		1.6		—		1.6
Balance, end of period	$	1,262.9	$	54.4	$	1,506.2	$	2,823.5

	September 30, 2023
	Unum US		Unum International		Colonial Life		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year	$	1,185.1	$	37.0	$	1,337.9	$	2,560.0
Capitalization	230.6		10.8		226.1		467.5
Amortization expense	(199.2)		(6.1)		(153.4)		(358.7)
Foreign currency	—		(0.1)		—		(0.1)
Balance, end of period	$	1,216.5	$	41.6	$	1,410.6	$	2,668.7

	September 30, 2024
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Voluntary Benefits		Individual Disability		Dental and Vision		Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year	$	63.6	$	48.9	$	610.6	$	497.8	$	11.3	$	1,232.2
Capitalization	48.1		31.0		93.2		63.9		11.2		247.4
Amortization expense	(46.8)		(26.7)		(88.4)		(45.3)		(9.5)		(216.7)
Balance, end of period	$	64.9	$	53.2	$	615.4	$	516.4	$	13.0	$	1,262.9

	September 30, 2023
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Voluntary Benefits		Individual Disability		Dental and Vision		Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year	$	61.0	$	49.3	$	601.0	$	464.4	$	9.4	$	1,185.1
Capitalization	44.7		28.9		85.2		62.6		9.2		230.6
Amortization expense	(42.1)		(29.5)		(79.5)		(40.2)		(7.9)		(199.2)
Balance, end of period	$	63.6	$	48.7	$	606.7	$	486.8	$	10.7	$	1,216.5

XML

Segment Information

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

We have three principal operating business segments: Unum US, Unum International, and Colonial Life. Our other segments are Closed Block and Corporate.

Segment information is shown below.

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Premium Income
Unum US
Group Disability
Group Long-term Disability	$	522.1	$	518.5	$	1,560.3	$	1,539.3
Group Short-term Disability	271.3		256.5		810.7		753.0
Group Life and Accidental Death & Dismemberment
Group Life	447.8		423.0		1,337.9		1,254.3
Accidental Death & Dismemberment	47.1		44.1		139.3		131.2
Supplemental and Voluntary
Voluntary Benefits	219.3		209.5		665.1		637.4
Individual Disability	140.4		136.7		424.6		386.7
Dental and Vision	75.5		69.4		223.9		206.8
	1,723.5		1,657.7		5,161.8		4,908.7
Unum International
Unum UK
Group Long-term Disability	106.6		101.1		312.4		297.5
Group Life	58.8		44.2		156.3		124.5
Supplemental	41.4		34.6		125.1		99.9
Unum Poland	39.8		30.7		113.3		85.2
	246.6		210.6		707.1		607.1
Colonial Life
Accident, Sickness, and Disability	240.6		236.7		725.5		708.0
Life	113.1		106.2		342.6		318.1
Cancer and Critical Illness	88.2		88.3		266.9		265.2
	441.9		431.2		1,335.0		1,291.3
Closed Block
Long-term Care	173.7		172.1		521.5		521.2
All Other	43.1		54.3		140.9		166.0
	216.8		226.4		662.4		687.2
Total Premium Income	$	2,628.8	$	2,525.9	$	7,866.3	$	7,494.3

	Unum US		Unum International		Colonial Life		Closed Block		Corporate		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Premium Income	$	1,723.5	$	246.6	$	441.9	$	216.8	$	—	$	2,628.8
Net Investment Income	161.0		30.4		39.6		284.3		12.5		527.8
Other Income	60.1		0.4		0.4		12.4		—		73.3
Adjusted Operating Revenue	$	1,944.6	$	277.4	$	481.9	$	513.5	$	12.5	$	3,229.9
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss)	$	363.3	$	40.3	$	113.4	$	34.2	$	(49.4)	$	501.8
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Premium Income	$	1,657.7	$	210.6	$	431.2	$	226.4	$	—	$	2,525.9
Net Investment Income	166.2		27.3		39.3		274.9		18.3		526.0
Other Income	58.0		0.5		0.3		12.8		—		71.6
Adjusted Operating Revenue	$	1,881.9	$	238.4	$	470.8	$	514.1	$	18.3	$	3,123.5
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss)	$	357.8	$	36.8	$	102.9	$	34.2	$	(41.5)	$	490.2

	Unum US		Unum International		Colonial Life		Closed Block		Corporate		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Premium Income	$	5,161.8	$	707.1	$	1,335.0	$	662.4	$	—	$	7,866.3
Net Investment Income	476.1		94.5		119.4		851.6		44.8		1,586.4
Other Income	178.9		1.2		3.6		37.7		1.1		222.5
Adjusted Operating Revenue	$	5,816.8	$	802.8	$	1,458.0	$	1,551.7	$	45.9	$	9,675.2
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss)	$	1,106.0	$	120.2	$	344.0	$	110.1	$	(140.8)	$	1,539.5
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Premium Income	$	4,908.7	$	607.1	$	1,291.3	$	687.2	$	—	$	7,494.3
Net Investment Income	481.5		104.0		114.6		796.0		69.8		1,565.9
Other Income	166.1		1.0		0.9		40.1		2.5		210.6
Adjusted Operating Revenue	$	5,556.3	$	712.1	$	1,406.8	$	1,523.3	$	72.3	$	9,270.8
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss)	$	1,013.4	$	118.7	$	312.3	$	143.6	$	(109.9)	$	1,478.1

	September 30		December 31
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Unum US	$	15,365.4	$	15,561.1
Unum International	3,569.4		3,372.9
Colonial Life	4,994.2		4,830.4
Closed Block	35,527.4		35,272.8
Corporate	4,684.1		4,218.0
Total Assets	$	64,140.5	$	63,255.2

We measure and analyze our segment performance on the basis of "adjusted operating revenue" and "adjusted operating income" or "adjusted operating loss", which differ from total revenue and income before income tax as presented in our consolidated statements of income due to the exclusion of investment gains or losses, the amortization of the cost of reinsurance, the impact of non-contemporaneous reinsurance, and reserve assumption updates as well as certain other items as specified in the reconciliations below. We believe adjusted operating revenue and adjusted operating income or loss are better performance measures and better indicators of the revenue and profitability and underlying trends in our business. These performance measures are in accordance with GAAP guidance for segment reporting, but they should not be viewed as a substitute for total revenue, income before income tax, net income, or net loss. 

Investment gains or losses primarily include realized investment gains or losses, expected investment credit losses, and gains or losses on derivatives. Investment gains or losses depend on market conditions and do not necessarily relate to decisions regarding the underlying business of our segments. Our investment focus is on investment income to support our insurance liabilities as opposed to the generation of investment gains or losses. Although we may experience investment gains or losses which will affect future earnings levels, a long-term focus is necessary to maintain profitability over the life of the business since our underlying business is long-term in nature, and we need to earn the interest rates assumed in calculating our liabilities.

Cash flow assumptions used to calculate our liability for future policy benefits are reviewed at least annually and updated, as needed, with the resulting impact reflected in net income. While the effects of these assumption updates are recorded in the reporting period in which the review is completed, these updates reflect experience emergence and changes to expectations spanning multiple periods. We believe that by excluding the impact of reserve assumption updates we are providing a more comparable and consistent view of our quarterly results.

We exited a substantial portion of our Closed Block individual disability product line through the two phases of the reinsurance transaction that were executed in December 2020 and March 2021. As a result, we exclude the amortization of the cost of reinsurance that we recognized upon the exit of the business related to the policies on claim status as well as the impact of non-contemporaneous reinsurance that resulted from the adoption of ASU 2018-12. Due to the execution of the second phase of the reinsurance transaction occurring after January 1, 2021, the transition date of ASU 2018-12, in accordance with the provisions of the ASU related to non-contemporaneous reinsurance, we were required to establish the ceded reserves using an upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument as of the reinsurance transaction date in March 2021 which resulted in higher ceded reserves compared to that which was reported historically. However, the direct reserves for the block reinsured in the second phase were calculated using the original discount rate utilized as of the transition date. Both the direct and ceded reserves are then remeasured at each reporting period using a current discount rate reflective of an upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument, with the changes recognized in OCI. While the total equity impact is neutral, the different original discount rates utilized for direct and ceded reserves result in disproportionate earnings impacts. The impact of non-contemporaneous reinsurance will fluctuate depending on the magnitude of reserve changes during the period. We believe that the exclusion of these items provides a better view of our results from our ongoing businesses.

We may at other times exclude certain other items from our discussion of financial ratios and metrics in order to enhance the understanding and comparability of our operational performance and the underlying fundamentals, but this exclusion is not an indication that similar items may not recur and does not replace net income or net loss as a measure of our overall profitability.

A reconciliation of total revenue to "adjusted operating revenue" and income before income tax to "adjusted operating income" is as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Total Revenue	$	3,217.0	$	3,092.5	$	9,650.7	$	9,240.8
Excluding:
Net Investment Loss	(12.9)		(31.0)		(24.5)		(30.0)
Adjusted Operating Revenue	$	3,229.9	$	3,123.5	$	9,675.2	$	9,270.8
Income Before Income Tax	$	814.6	$	261.7	$	1,805.8	$	1,211.4
Excluding:
Net Investment Loss	(12.9)		(31.0)		(24.5)		(30.0)
Amortization of the Cost of Reinsurance	(10.4)		(11.1)		(31.1)		(33.1)
Non-Contemporaneous Reinsurance	(6.0)		(9.2)		(20.2)		(26.4)
Reserve Assumption Updates	357.4		(177.2)		357.4		(177.2)
Loss on Legal Settlement	(15.3)		—		(15.3)		—
Adjusted Operating Income	$	501.8	$	490.2	$	1,539.5	$	1,478.1

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Employee Benefit Plans

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits Disclosure

Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit (OPEB) Plans

We sponsor several defined benefit pension and OPEB plans for our employees, including non-qualified pension plans. The U.S. qualified and non-qualified defined benefit pension plans comprise the majority of our total benefit obligation and benefit cost. We maintain a separate defined benefit plan for eligible employees in our U.K. operation. The U.S. defined benefit pension plans were closed to new entrants on December 31, 2013, the OPEB plan was closed to new entrants on December 31, 2012, and the U.K. plan was closed to new entrants on December 31, 2002.

The following table provides the components of the net periodic benefit cost (credit) for the defined benefit pension and OPEB plans.

	Three Months Ended September 30
	Pension Benefits
	U.S. Plans				U.K. Plan				OPEB
	2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Service Cost	$	2.3	$	2.3	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Interest Cost	20.7		22.0		1.9		1.9		1.0		1.1
Expected Return on Plan Assets	(22.8)		(23.0)		(2.1)		(2.1)		(0.1)		(0.2)
Amortization of:
Net Actuarial (Gain) Loss	3.7		3.8		0.7		0.6		(0.2)		(2.6)
Prior Service Credit	—		—		—		—		(0.1)		—
Total Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit)	$	3.9	$	5.1	$	0.5	$	0.4	$	0.6	$	(1.7)

	Nine Months Ended September 30
	Pension Benefits
	U.S. Plans				U.K. Plan				OPEB
	2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Service Cost	$	6.9	$	6.9	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Interest Cost	62.1		66.0		5.7		5.7		3.0		3.4
Expected Return on Plan Assets	(68.4)		(69.1)		(6.3)		(6.3)		(0.3)		(0.4)
Amortization of:
Net Actuarial (Gain) Loss	11.0		11.4		2.2		1.9		(0.8)		(7.9)
Prior Service Credit	—		—		—		—		(0.2)		(0.1)
Total Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit)	$	11.6	$	15.2	$	1.6	$	1.3	$	1.7	$	(5.0)

The service cost component of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit cost (credit) is included as a component of compensation expense in our consolidated statements of income. All other components of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit cost (credit) are included in other expenses.

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Stockholders' Equity and Earnings Per Common Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Stockholders' Equity and Earnings Per Common Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share Disclosure

Earnings Per Common Share

Net income per common share is determined as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars, except share data)
Numerator
Net Income	$	645.7	$	202.0	$	1,430.4	$	953.2
Denominator (000s)
Weighted Average Common Shares - Basic	186,400.7		196,083.2		189,665.1		197,289.5
Dilution for Assumed Exercises of Nonvested Stock Awards	481.7		1,048.6		544.6		1,005.6
Weighted Average Common Shares - Assuming Dilution	186,882.4		197,131.8		190,209.7		198,295.1
Net Income Per Common Share
Basic	$	3.46	$	1.03	$	7.54	$	4.83
Assuming Dilution	$	3.46	$	1.02	$	7.52	$	4.81

We compute basic earnings per share by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. In computing earnings per share assuming dilution, we include potential common shares that are dilutive (those that reduce earnings per share). We use the treasury stock method to account for the effect of nonvested stock success units and nonvested restricted stock units on the computation of diluted earnings per share. Under this method, the potential common shares from nonvested stock success units and nonvested restricted stock units will each have a dilutive effect, as individually measured, when the average market price of Unum Group common stock during the period exceeds the grant price of the nonvested stock success units and nonvested restricted stock units. The outstanding nonvested stock success units and nonvested restricted stock units have grant prices ranging from $18.78 to $52.40. Potential common shares not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the impact would be antidilutive were zero and 0.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. There were a de minimis amount and 0.4 million potential common shares that were antidilutive for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

Stockholders' Equity Disclosure

Common Stock

As part of our capital deployment strategy, we may repurchase shares of Unum Group's common stock, as authorized by our board of directors. The timing and amount of repurchase activity is based on market conditions and other considerations, including the level of available cash, alternative uses for cash, and our stock price.

Our board of directors has authorized the following repurchase programs:

	July 2024 Authorization		October 2023 Authorization1		December 2022 Authorization2
	(in millions)
Effective Date	August 1, 2024		January 1, 2024		January 1, 2023
Expiration Date	None		July 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Authorized Repurchase Amount	$	1,000.0	$	500.0	$	250.0
Cost of Shares Repurchased Under Repurchase Program	35.8		464.2		250.0
Unused and Expired	—		35.8		—
Remaining Repurchase Amount at September 30, 2024	$	964.2	$	—	$	—

1Concurrent with the announcement of the July 2024 repurchase program, we also announced the termination of the October 2023 program as of July 31, 2024, and all unused amounts under that program expired as of that date.

2In February 2023, the December 2022 program was modified to increase the authorized repurchase amount from $200.0 million to $250.0 million.

In August 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act was signed into law in the U.S. and imposes a one percent excise tax on corporate stock repurchases effective January 1, 2023. This excise tax is recorded as part of the cost basis of treasury stock and is assessed on the fair market value of stock repurchases reduced by the fair market value of any shares issued during the period.

Common stock repurchases, which are accounted for using the cost method and classified as treasury stock until otherwise retired, were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions)
Shares Repurchased	3.7		1.5		9.7		3.9
Cost of Shares Repurchased1	$	202.0	$	74.8	$	504.8	$	175.4

1Includes a de minimis amount of commissions for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and a de minimis amount and $0.1 million of commissions for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. Also includes $2.0 million and $4.8 million of excise tax for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $0.7 million and $1.2 million of excise tax for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

As a part of our share repurchase program, we periodically enter into accelerated share repurchase agreements (ASR). Under the terms of these agreements, we make a prepayment to a financial counterparty for which we receive an initial delivery of approximately 75 percent of the total Unum Group common stock to be delivered under the agreement. We simultaneously enter into a forward contract indexed to the price of Unum Group common stock, which subjects the transactions to a future price adjustment. Under the terms of the agreements, we are to receive, or be required to pay, a price adjustment based on the volume weighted average price of Unum Group common stock during the term of the agreement, less a discount. Any price

adjustment payable to us is settled in shares of Unum Group common stock. Any price adjustment we would be required to pay may be settled in either cash or common stock at our option. Details of our ASRs are as follows:

Prepayment Date	Prepayment Amount	Initial Share Delivery	Forward Contract Settlement Date	Shares Delivered to Settle Forward Contract
(in millions)
October 2024	$150.0	1.9	December 2024	Not yet settled
July 2024	$150.0	2.2	September 2024	0.6
April 2024	$125.0	1.7	June 2024	0.7
January 2024	$100.0	1.6	March 2024	0.5
July 2023	$50.0	0.8	September 2023	0.2

Preferred Stock

Unum Group has 25.0 million shares of preferred stock authorized with a par value of $0.10 per share. No preferred stock has been issued to date.

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Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure

Commitments

See Notes 3 and 4 for further discussion on certain of our investment commitments.

Contingent Liabilities

We are a defendant in a number of litigation matters that have arisen in the normal course of business, including the matters discussed below. Further, state insurance regulatory authorities and other federal and state authorities regularly make inquiries and conduct investigations concerning our compliance with applicable insurance and other laws and regulations. Given the complexity and scope of our litigation and regulatory matters, it is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of all pending investigations or legal proceedings or provide reasonable estimates of potential losses, except if noted in connection with specific matters.

In some of these matters, no specified amount is sought. In others, very large or indeterminate amounts, including punitive and treble damages, are asserted. There is a wide variation of pleading practice permitted in the United States courts with respect to requests for monetary damages, including some courts in which no specified amount is required and others which allow the plaintiff to state only that the amount sought is sufficient to invoke the jurisdiction of that court. Further, some jurisdictions permit plaintiffs to allege damages well in excess of reasonably possible verdicts. Based on our extensive experience and that of others in the industry with respect to litigating or resolving claims through settlement over an extended period of time, we believe that the monetary damages asserted in a lawsuit or claim bear little relation to the merits of the case, or the likely disposition value. Therefore, the specific monetary relief sought is not stated.

Unless indicated otherwise, reserves have not been established for litigation and contingencies. An estimated loss is accrued when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.

Claim Handling Matters

We and our insurance subsidiaries, in the ordinary course of our business, are engaged in claim litigation where disputes arise as a result of a denial or termination of benefits. Most typically these lawsuits are filed on behalf of a single claimant or policyholder, and in some of these individual actions punitive damages are sought, such as claims alleging bad faith in the handling of insurance claims. For our general claim litigation, we maintain reserves based on experience to satisfy judgments and settlements in the normal course. We expect that the ultimate liability, if any, with respect to general claim litigation, after consideration of the reserves maintained, will not be material to our consolidated financial condition. Nevertheless, given the

inherent unpredictability of litigation, it is possible that an adverse outcome in certain claim litigation involving punitive damages could, from time to time, have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations in a period, depending on the results of operations for the particular period.

From time to time class action allegations are pursued where the claimant or policyholder purports to represent a larger number of individuals who are similarly situated. Since each insurance claim is evaluated based on its own merits, there is rarely a single act or series of actions which can properly be addressed by a class action. Nevertheless, we monitor these cases closely and defend ourselves appropriately where these allegations are made.

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Other

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Debt and Other Disclosures [Abstract]

Debt

Debt

In June 2024, we issued $400.0 million of 6.000% senior notes due 2054. The notes are callable at or above par and rank equally in the right of payment with all of our other unsecured and unsubordinated debt. A portion of the net proceeds of the offering were used to repay the $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of outstanding indebtedness under our senior unsecured delayed draw term loan facility, which was terminated upon repayment.

P-Caps Trust

During November 2021, we entered into a 20-year facility agreement with a Delaware statutory trust (the P-Caps Trust), in connection with the sale by the P-Caps Trust of $400.0 million of pre-capitalized trust securities (P-Caps) in a Rule 144A private placement. The P-Caps Trust invested the proceeds from the sale of the P-Caps in a portfolio of principal and interest strips of U.S. Treasury securities (the Trust Assets). The facility agreement gave us the right to issue and require the P-Caps Trust to purchase, on one or more occasions, up to $400.0 million of our 4.046% senior notes due 2041 (the 2041 Senior Notes) in exchange for the Trust Assets. Under the facility agreement, we agreed to pay a semi-annual facility fee to the P-Caps Trust at a rate of 2.225% per year on the unexercised portion of the maximum amount of 2041 senior notes that we could issue and sell to the P-Caps Trust and to reimburse the P-Caps Trust for its expenses.

In October 2024, we exercised our issuance right in full under the facility agreement and issued $400.0 million of the 2041 Senior Notes to the P-Caps Trust in exchange for the Trust Assets, thereby triggering our recognition of the 2041 Senior Notes on our consolidated balance sheets. The Trust Assets had a fair value of $273.5 million when the 2041 Senior Notes were issued. We directed the trustee of the P-Caps Trust to dissolve the P-Caps Trust and to deliver the 2041 Senior Notes to the beneficial holders of the P-Caps pro rata in respect of each P-Cap. The 2041 Senior Notes are callable at or above par and rank

equally in the right of payment with all of our other unsecured and unsubordinated debt. The net proceeds from the issuance of the 2041 Senior Notes and subsequent sale of the Trust Assets are expected to be used for future share repurchases.

We have an additional five-year, £75 million senior standby letter of credit facility pursuant to which a standby letter of credit was issued in favor of Unum Limited (as beneficiary), our U.K. insurance subsidiary, and is available for drawings up to £75.0 million until its scheduled expiration in December 2028. In connection with and as security for the senior standby letter of credit facility, we granted to the issuer of the standby letter of credit the right to exercise, if an event of default occurred and was continuing, the issuance right under the facility agreement with the P-Caps Trust, up to a maximum of $200.0 million. In October 2024, prior to our exercise of the issuance right under the facility agreement, the assigned issuance right was forfeited in its entirety.

For further information see "Liquidity and Capital Resources - Debt, Term Loan Facility, Credit Facilities and Other Sources of Liquidity" in Part I, Item 2.

Allowance for Expected Credit Losses on Premiums Receivable

Allowance for Expected Credit Losses on Premiums Receivable

At September 30, 2024, June 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, the allowance for expected credit losses on premiums receivable was $27.1 million, $26.8 million, and $29.5 million, respectively, on gross premiums receivable of $630.4 million, $659.8 million, and $612.4 million, respectively. The allowance for expected credit losses was generally consistent at September 30, 2024 compared to June 30, 2024. The decrease of $2.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was driven primarily by improvements in the age of gross premiums receivable.

At September 30, 2023, June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the allowance for expected credit losses on premiums receivable was $29.7 million, $28.7 million, and $32.5 million, respectively, on gross premiums receivable of $626.6 million $660.3 million, and $557.6 million, respectively. The increase in the allowance of $1.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023, was driven primarily by the increase in gross premiums receivable. The decrease of $2.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was driven primarily by improvements in the age of gross premiums receivable.

Loss on Legal Settlement

Loss on Legal Settlement

During the third quarter of 2024, we incurred a loss of $15.3 million within our Corporate segment for the settlement of an employment-related matter. $4.9 million of the loss is recorded within compensation expense and $10.4 million of the loss is recorded within other expenses within the consolidated statements of income.

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Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net Income	$ 645.7	$ 202.0	$ 1,430.4	$ 953.2

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Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Arrangement Duration	25 days

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Basis of Presentation (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements of Unum Group and its subsidiaries (the Company) have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

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Fair Values of Financial Instruments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share

The following tables present additional information about our private equity partnerships, including commitments for additional investments which may or may not be funded:

		September 30, 2024
Investment Category		Fair Value		Redemption Term / Redemption Notice	Unfunded Commitments
		(in millions of dollars)			(in millions of dollars)
Private Credit	(a)	$	246.3	Not redeemable	$	126.1
		50.7		Quarterly / 90 days notice	6.2
Total Private Credit		297.0			132.3
Private Equity	(b)	574.8		Not redeemable	417.2
		33.3		Initial 5.5 year lock on each new investment / Quarterly after 5.5 year lock with 90 days notice	13.2
Total Private Equity		608.1			430.4
Real Assets	(c)	488.8		Not redeemable	242.9
		34.1		Quarterly / 90 days notice	—
Total Real Assets		522.9			242.9
Total Partnerships		$	1,428.0		$	805.6

		December 31, 2023
Investment Category		Fair Value		Redemption Term / Redemption Notice	Unfunded Commitments
		(in millions of dollars)			(in millions of dollars)
Private Credit	(a)	$	239.1	Not redeemable	$	128.2
		44.5		Quarterly / 90 days notice	8.6
Total Private Credit		283.6			136.8
Private Equity	(b)	543.9		Not redeemable	410.6
		28.0		Initial 5.5 year lock on each new investment / Quarterly after 5.5 year lock with 90 days notice	16.6
Total Private Equity		571.9			427.2
Real Assets	(c)	437.5		Not redeemable	239.1
		33.2		Quarterly / 90 days notice	—
Total Real Assets		470.7			239.1
Total Partnerships		$	1,326.2		$	803.1

(a)Private Credit - The limited partnerships described in this category employ various investment strategies, generally providing direct lending or other forms of debt financing including first-lien, second-lien, mezzanine, and subordinated loans. The limited partnerships have credit exposure to corporates, physical assets, and/or financial assets within a variety of industries (including manufacturing, healthcare, energy, business services, technology, materials, and retail) in North

America and, to a lesser extent, outside of North America.  As of September 30, 2024, the estimated remaining life of the investments that do not allow for redemptions is approximately 80 percent in the next 3 years, 12 percent during the period from 3 to 5 years, and 8 percent during the period from 5 to 10 years.

(b)Private Equity - The limited partnerships described in this category employ various strategies generally investing in controlling or minority control equity positions directly in companies and/or assets across various industries (including manufacturing, healthcare, energy, business services, technology, materials, and retail), primarily in private markets within North America and, to a lesser extent, outside of North America.  As of September 30, 2024, the estimated remaining life of the investments that do not allow for redemptions is approximately 36 percent in the next 3 years, 31 percent during the period from 3 to 5 years, and 33 percent during the period from 5 to 10 years.

(c)Real Assets - The limited partnerships described in this category employ various strategies, which include investing in the equity and/or debt financing of physical assets, including infrastructure (energy, power, water/wastewater, communications), transportation (including airports, ports, toll roads, aircraft, railcars) and real estate in North America, Europe, South America, and Asia.  As of September 30, 2024, the estimated remaining life of the investments that do not allow for redemptions is approximately 38 percent in the next 3 years, 26 percent during period from 3 to 5 years, 34 percent during the period from 5 to 10 years, and 2 percent during the period from 10 to 15 years.

Fair Values by Fair Value Hierarchy Input level

The following tables present information about financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis by fair value level, based on the observability of the inputs used:

	September 30, 2024
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		NAV		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Fixed Maturity Securities
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities	$	—	$	557.4	$	—	$	—	$	557.4
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions	—		3,526.5		—		—		3,526.5
Foreign Governments	—		850.1		—		—		850.1
Public Utilities	602.7		4,982.5		—		—		5,585.2
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	—		799.6		51.0		—		850.6
All Other Corporate Bonds	7,362.2		19,015.8		28.0		—		26,406.0
Redeemable Preferred Stocks	—		7.7		—		—		7.7
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	7,964.9		29,739.6		79.0		—		37,783.5
Other Long-term Investments
Derivatives
Forwards	—		49.5		—		—		49.5
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	—		56.0		—		—		56.0
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	—		—		4.6		—		4.6
Total Derivatives	—		105.5		4.6		—		110.1
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities	—		0.1		21.7		—		21.8
Private Equity Partnerships	—		—		—		1,428.0		1,428.0
Total Other Long-term Investments	—		105.6		26.3		1,428.0		1,559.9
Total Financial Instrument Assets Carried at Fair Value	$	7,964.9	$	29,845.2	$	105.3	$	1,428.0	$	39,343.4
Liabilities
Other Liabilities
Derivatives
Forwards	$	—	$	95.2	$	—	$	—	$	95.2
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	—		35.0		—		—		35.0
Total Derivatives	—		130.2		—		—		130.2
Total Financial Instrument Liabilities Carried at Fair Value	$	—	$	130.2	$	—	$	—	$	130.2

	December 31, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		NAV		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Fixed Maturity Securities
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities	$	—	$	624.8	$	—	$	—	$	624.8
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions	—		3,678.4		—		—		3,678.4
Foreign Governments	—		890.7		—		—		890.7
Public Utilities	301.3		5,020.3		—		—		5,321.6
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	—		611.2		32.9		—		644.1
All Other Corporate Bonds	3,985.2		21,562.1		123.4		—		25,670.7
Redeemable Preferred Stocks	—		3.6		—		—		3.6
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	4,286.5		32,391.1		156.3		—		36,833.9
Other Long-term Investments
Derivatives
Forwards	—		47.5		—		—		47.5
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	—		52.4		—		—		52.4
Total Derivatives	—		99.9		—		—		99.9
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities	—		10.3		21.6		—		31.9
Private Equity Partnerships	—		—		—		1,326.2		1,326.2
Total Other Long-term Investments	—		110.2		21.6		1,326.2		1,458.0
Total Financial Instrument Assets Carried at Fair Value	$	4,286.5	$	32,501.3	$	177.9	$	1,326.2	$	38,291.9
Liabilities
Other Liabilities
Derivatives
Forwards	$	—	$	78.0	$	—	$	—	$	78.0
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	—		38.2		—		—		38.2
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	—		—		1.5		—		1.5
Total Derivatives	—		116.2		1.5		—		117.7
Total Financial Instrument Liabilities Carried at Fair Value	$	—	$	116.2	$	1.5	$	—	$	117.7

Changes in Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis using Significant Unobservable Inputs

Changes in assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) are as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Fair Value Beginning of Period		Total Realized and Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses) in								Level 3 Transfers				Fair Value End of Period		Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities Held at the End of Period included in
			Earnings		OCI		Purchases		Sales/Maturities		Into		Out of				OCI		Earnings
	(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
Public Utilities	$	—	$	(0.2)	$	0.7	$	—	$	(10.3)	$	9.8	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	46.5		—		0.2		4.9		(0.7)		0.1		—		51.0		0.2		—
All Other Corporate Bonds	53.3		—		2.0		—		(42.2)		39.1		(24.2)		28.0		2.0		—
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	99.8		(0.2)		2.9		4.9		(53.2)		49.0		(24.2)		79.0		2.2		—
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities	21.7		—		—		—		—		—		—		21.7		—		—
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	5.4		(0.8)		—		—		—		—		—		4.6		—		(0.8)

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Fair Value Beginning of Period		Total Realized and Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses) in								Level 3 Transfers				Fair Value End of Period		Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities Held at the End of Period included in
			Earnings		OCI		Purchases		Sales/Maturities		Into		Out of				OCI		Earnings
	(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
Public Utilities	$	—	$	(0.1)	$	0.1	$	—	$	(3.9)	$	3.9	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	24.1		—		(1.4)		19.0		(1.0)		4.7		(0.2)		45.2		(1.4)		—
All Other Corporate Bonds	128.8		(4.6)		2.0		—		(54.9)		87.5		(50.5)		108.3		2.0		—
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	152.9		(4.7)		0.7		19.0		(59.8)		96.1		(50.7)		153.5		0.6		—
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities	17.5		—		—		—		—		—		—		17.5		—		—
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	(8.4)		9.3		—		—		—		—		—		0.9		—		9.3

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Fair Value Beginning of Year		Total Realized and Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses) in								Level 3 Transfers				Fair Value End of Period		Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities Held at the End of Period included in
			Earnings		OCI		Purchases		Sales/Maturities		Into		Out of				OCI		Earnings
	(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
Public Utilities	$	—	$	(0.2)	$	0.3	$	—	$	(10.3)	$	10.2	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	32.9		—		0.6		15.5		(1.9)		3.9		—		51.0		0.6		—
All Other Corporate Bonds	123.4		(2.6)		6.9		2.3		(196.4)		189.0		(94.6)		28.0		6.9		(2.6)
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	156.3		(2.8)		7.8		17.8		(208.6)		203.1		(94.6)		79.0		7.5		(2.6)
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities	21.6		0.1		—		—		—		—		—		21.7		—		0.1
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	(1.5)		6.1		—		—		—		—		—		4.6		—		6.1

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Fair Value Beginning of Year		Total Realized and Unrealized Investment Gains (Losses) in								Level 3 Transfers				Fair Value End of Period		Change in Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities Held at the End of Period included in
			Earnings		OCI		Purchases		Sales/Maturities		Into		Out of				OCI		Earnings
	(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions	$	0.2	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(0.2)	$	—	$	—	$	—
Public Utilities	—		0.1		(0.1)		—		(7.2)		7.2		—		—		—		—
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	22.0		—		(1.5)		29.9		(2.8)		6.6		(9.0)		45.2		(1.5)		—
All Other Corporate Bonds	158.7		(5.1)		(20.6)		1.5		(229.8)		276.0		(72.4)		108.3		(20.6)		—
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	180.9		(5.0)		(22.2)		31.4		(239.8)		289.8		(81.6)		153.5		(22.1)		—
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities	16.2		0.6		—		0.7		—		—		—		17.5		—		0.6
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	(13.9)		14.8		—		—		—		—		—		0.9		—		14.8

Realized and unrealized investment gains and losses presented in the preceding tables represent gains and losses only for the time during which the applicable financial instruments were classified as Level 3. The transfers between levels resulted primarily from a change in observability of three inputs used to determine fair values of the securities transferred: (1) transactional data for new issuance and secondary trades, (2) broker/dealer quotes and pricing, primarily related to changes in the level of activity in the market and whether the market was considered orderly, and (3) comparable bond metrics from which to perform an analysis. For fair value measurements of financial instruments that were transferred either into or out of Level 3, we reflect the transfers using the fair value at the beginning of the period. We believe this allows for greater transparency, as all changes in fair value that arise during the reporting period of the transfer are disclosed as a component of our Level 3 reconciliation.

Quantitative Information Regarding Significant Unobservable Inputs

The table below provides quantitative information regarding the significant unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements derived from internal models. Unobservable inputs for fixed maturity securities are weighted by the fair value of the securities. Certain securities classified as Level 3 are excluded from the table below due to limitations in our ability to obtain the underlying inputs used by external pricing sources.

	September 30, 2024
	Fair Value		Valuation Method	Unobservable Input		Range/Weighted Average
	(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
All Other Corporate Bonds - Private	$	16.3	Market Approach	Volatility of Credit Market Convention	(a) (b)	5.00% - 5.00% / 5.00% Priced at Par Value
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities	21.7		Market Approach	Market Convention	(b)	Priced at Cost, Owner's Equity, or Most Recent Round
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	4.6		Discounted Cash Flows	Projected Liability Cash Flows Weighted Spread of Swap Curve	(c)	Actuarial Assumptions (0.031)%

	December 31, 2023
	Fair Value		Valuation Method	Unobservable Input		Range/Weighted Average
	(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
All Other Corporate Bonds - Private	$	15.9	Market Approach	Volatility of Credit Market Convention	(a) (b)	5.00% - 5.00% / 5.00% Priced at Par Value
Perpetual Preferred and Equity Securities	21.6		Market Approach	Market Convention	(b)	Priced at Cost, Owner's Equity, or Most Recent Round
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	(1.5)		Discounted Cash Flows	Projected Liability Cash Flows Weighted Spread of Swap Curve	(c)	Actuarial Assumptions 0.2%

(a)Represents basis point adjustments for credit-specific factors

(b)Represents a decision to price based on par value, cost, owner's equity, or the price of the most recent capital funding round when limited data is available

(c)Represents various actuarial assumptions required to derive the liability cash flows. Fair value of embedded derivative is most often driven by the change in the weighted average credit spread to the swap curve for the assets backing the hypothetical loan

Carrying Amount and Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of our financial instruments not measured at fair value and indicates the level in the fair value hierarchy of the estimated fair value measurement based on the observability of the inputs used:

	September 30, 2024
	Estimated Fair Value
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Carrying Value
	(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Mortgage Loans	$	—	$	2,041.8	$	—	$	2,041.8	$	2,238.9
Policy Loans	—		—		3,708.6		3,708.6		3,625.6
Other Long-term Investments
Miscellaneous Long-term Investments	—		25.6		0.3		25.9		25.9
Total Financial Instrument Assets Not Carried at Fair Value	$	—	$	2,067.4	$	3,708.9	$	5,776.3	$	5,890.4
Liabilities
Long-term Debt	$	3,347.8	$	44.5	$	—	$	3,392.3	$	3,470.4
Other Liabilities
Unfunded Commitments	—		0.2		—		0.2		0.2
Payable for Collateral on FHLB Funding Agreements	—		299.0		—		299.0		299.0
Total Financial Instrument Liabilities Not Carried at Fair Value	$	3,347.8	$	343.7	$	—	$	3,691.5	$	3,769.6

	December 31, 2023
	Estimated Fair Value
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Carrying Value
	(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Mortgage Loans	$	—	$	2,070.7	$	—	$	2,070.7	$	2,318.2
Policy Loans	—		—		3,696.3		3,696.3		3,620.2
Other Long-term Investments
Miscellaneous Long-term Investments	—		15.7		0.3		16.0		16.0
Total Financial Instrument Assets Not Carried at Fair Value	$	—	$	2,086.4	$	3,696.6	$	5,783.0	$	5,954.4
Liabilities
Long-term Debt	$	2,629.1	$	598.8	$	—	$	3,227.9	$	3,430.4
Other Liabilities
Unfunded Commitments	—		0.2		—		0.2		0.2
Payable for Collateral on FHLB Funding Agreements	—		64.5		—		64.5		64.5
Total Financial Instrument Liabilities Not Carried at Fair Value	$	2,629.1	$	663.5	$	—	$	3,292.6	$	3,495.1

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Investments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Amortized Cost and Fair Values of Securities by Security Type

At September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, all fixed maturity securities were classified as available-for-sale. The amortized cost and fair values of securities by security type are shown as follows:

	September 30, 2024
	Amortized Cost, Gross of ACL1		ACL1		Gross Unrealized Gain		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value
	(in millions of dollars)
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities	$	542.5	$	—	$	28.8	$	13.9	$	557.4
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions	3,843.4		—		118.7		435.6		3,526.5
Foreign Governments	964.8		—		22.4		137.1		850.1
Public Utilities	5,561.8		—		272.3		248.9		5,585.2
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	853.8		—		13.2		16.4		850.6
All Other Corporate Bonds	27,048.3		2.9		882.8		1,522.2		26,406.0
Redeemable Preferred Stocks	8.0		—		—		0.3		7.7
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	$	38,822.6	$	2.9	$	1,338.2	$	2,374.4	$	37,783.5

	December 31, 2023
	Amortized Cost, Gross of ACL1		ACL1		Gross Unrealized Gain		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value
	(in millions of dollars)
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities	$	618.6	$	—	$	25.3	$	19.1	$	624.8
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions	4,041.3		—		135.3		498.2		3,678.4
Foreign Governments	982.1		—		29.8		121.2		890.7
Public Utilities	5,398.2		—		217.1		293.7		5,321.6
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	658.0		—		10.1		24.0		644.1
All Other Corporate Bonds	26,708.4		2.2		771.8		1,807.3		25,670.7
Redeemable Preferred Stocks	4.0		—		—		0.4		3.6
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	$	38,410.6	$	2.2	$	1,189.4	$	2,763.9	$	36,833.9

1 Allowance for Credit Losses

Schedule of Unrealized Loss on Investments

The following charts indicate the length of time our fixed maturity securities have been in a gross unrealized loss position.

	September 30, 2024
	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or Greater
	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss
	(in millions of dollars)
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities	$	27.4	$	0.3	$	211.4	$	13.6
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions	145.0		2.5		2,061.0		433.1
Foreign Governments	50.5		1.7		320.5		135.4
Public Utilities	243.6		7.4		1,651.5		241.5
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	81.3		0.2		304.3		16.2
All Other Corporate Bonds	1,013.2		9.6		13,185.8		1,512.6
Redeemable Preferred Stocks	—		—		3.7		0.3
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	$	1,561.0	$	21.7	$	17,738.2	$	2,352.7

	December 31, 2023
	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or Greater
	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Loss
	(in millions of dollars)
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities	$	118.8	$	0.7	$	197.3	$	18.4
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions	128.0		4.0		2,035.1		494.2
Foreign Governments	149.9		3.3		312.9		117.9
Public Utilities	373.7		10.4		1,720.6		283.3
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	60.3		2.5		316.7		21.5
All Other Corporate Bonds	1,483.8		26.8		14,215.2		1,780.5
Redeemable Preferred Stocks	—		—		3.6		0.4
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	$	2,314.5	$	47.7	$	18,801.4	$	2,716.2

Distribution of the Maturity Dates for Fixed Maturity Securities

The following is a distribution of the maturity dates for fixed maturity securities. The maturity dates have not been adjusted for possible calls or prepayments.

	September 30, 2024
	Amortized Cost, Net of ACL1		Unrealized Gain Position				Unrealized Loss Position
			Gross Gain		Fair Value		Gross Loss		Fair Value
	(in millions of dollars)
1 year or less	$	1,289.6	$	2.6	$	342.0	$	5.5	$	944.7
Over 1 year through 5 years	8,125.2		180.7		3,864.2		126.9		4,314.8
Over 5 years through 10 years	8,550.0		387.0		4,462.2		442.7		4,032.1
Over 10 years	20,001.1		754.7		9,350.9		1,782.9		9,622.0
	37,965.9		1,325.0		18,019.3		2,358.0		18,913.6
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	853.8		13.2		465.0		16.4		385.6
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	$	38,819.7	$	1,338.2	$	18,484.3	$	2,374.4	$	19,299.2

	December 31, 2023
	Amortized Cost, Net of ACL1		Unrealized Gain Position				Unrealized Loss Position
			Gross Gain		Fair Value		Gross Loss		Fair Value
	(in millions of dollars)
1 year or less	$	935.0	$	0.9	$	140.8	$	7.5	$	787.6
Over 1 year through 5 years	7,594.4		128.2		2,685.7		179.0		4,857.9
Over 5 years through 10 years	9,430.3		372.1		4,100.0		610.8		5,091.6
Over 10 years	19,790.7		678.1		8,524.4		1,942.6		10,001.8
	37,750.4		1,179.3		15,450.9		2,739.9		20,738.9
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities	658.0		10.1		267.1		24.0		377.0
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	$	38,408.4	$	1,189.4	$	15,718.0	$	2,763.9	$	21,115.9

1 Allowance for Credit Losses

Distribution by External Credit Rating for Fixed Maturity Securities

The following chart depicts an analysis of our fixed maturity security portfolio between investment-grade and below-investment-grade categories as of September 30, 2024:

					Gross Unrealized Loss
	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Gain		Amount		Percent of Total Gross Unrealized Loss
	(in millions of dollars)
Investment-Grade	$	36,287.2	$	1,308.2	$	2,308.8	97.2	%
Below-Investment-Grade	1,496.3		30.0		65.6		2.8
Total Fixed Maturity Securities	$	37,783.5	$	1,338.2	$	2,374.4	100.0	%

Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss

The following tables present a rollforward of the allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities, which were classified as "all other corporate bonds" during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

	Three Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of period	$	5.1	$	—
Change in allowance on securities with allowance recorded in previous period	0.2		—
Change in allowance on securities sold during the period	(2.4)		—
Balance, end of period	$	2.9	$	—

	Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of period	$	2.2	$	—
Credit losses on securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded	2.9		—
Change in allowance on securities with allowance recorded in previous period	0.2		—
Change in allowance on securities sold during the period	(2.4)		—
Balance, end of period	$	2.9	$	—

Mortgage Loans by Property Type and Geographic Region

The carrying amount of mortgage loans by property type and geographic region are presented below.

	September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
	(in millions of dollars)
	Carrying Amount		Percent of Total		Carrying Amount		Percent of Total
Property Type
Apartment	$	662.9	29.6	%	$	685.8	29.6	%
Industrial	684.2		30.6		706.0		30.5
Office	354.1		15.8		379.9		16.4
Retail	496.1		22.1		503.9		21.7
Other	41.6		1.9		42.6		1.8
Total	$	2,238.9	100.0	%	$	2,318.2	100.0	%
Region
New England	$	53.2	2.4	%	$	55.1	2.4	%
Mid-Atlantic	162.4		7.3		155.1		6.7
East North Central	294.0		13.1		314.4		13.6
West North Central	158.9		7.1		163.5		7.0
South Atlantic	537.1		24.0		553.0		23.8
East South Central	107.8		4.8		110.7		4.8
West South Central	195.5		8.7		200.9		8.7
Mountain	269.5		12.0		282.7		12.2
Pacific	460.5		20.6		482.8		20.8
Total	$	2,238.9	100.0	%	$	2,318.2	100.0	%

Schedule of Participating Mortgage Loans by Internal Credit Rating and Loan to Value

The following tables present information about mortgage loans by the applicable internal quality indicators:

	September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
	(in millions of dollars)
	Carrying Amount		Percent of Total		Carrying Amount		Percent of Total
Internal Mortgage Rating
AA	$	94.5	4.2	%	$	85.2	3.7	%
A	982.2		43.9		942.5		40.6
BBB	1,064.4		47.5		1,249.5		53.9
BB	97.8		4.4		41.0		1.8
Total	$	2,238.9	100.0	%	$	2,318.2	100.0	%
Loan-to-Value Ratio1
<= 65%	$	1,527.0	68.2	%	$	1,409.9	60.8	%
> 65% <= 75%	481.6		21.5		707.0		30.5
> 75% <= 85%	148.5		6.6		136.5		5.9
> 85%	81.8		3.7		64.8		2.8
Total	$	2,238.9	100.0	%	$	2,318.2	100.0	%

1Loan-to-Value Ratio utilizes the most recent internal valuation of the property

Mortgage Loans by Credit Quality Indicators

The following tables present the amortized cost of our mortgage loans by year of origination and internal quality indicators at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively:

	September 30, 2024
	Prior to 2020		2020		2021		2022		2023		2024		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Internal Mortgage Rating
AA	$	88.1	$	—	$	6.4	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	94.5
A	684.4		92.6		145.0		24.3		38.0		—		984.3
BBB	710.4		63.1		181.1		63.8		29.0		23.1		1,070.5
BB	106.1		—		—		—		—		—		106.1
Total Amortized Cost	1,589.0		155.7		332.5		88.1		67.0		23.1		2,255.4
Allowance for credit losses	(14.1)		(0.5)		(1.1)		(0.3)		(0.4)		(0.1)		(16.5)
Carrying Amount	$	1,574.9	$	155.2	$	331.4	$	87.8	$	66.6	$	23.0	$	2,238.9
Loan-to-Value Ratio1
<=65%	$	1,174.1	$	113.7	$	188.8	$	15.6	$	38.7	$	—	$	1,530.9
>65<=75%	231.2		33.9		94.9		72.5		28.3		23.1		483.9
>75%<=85%	122.6		8.1		20.3		—		—		—		151.0
>85%	61.1		—		28.5		—		—		—		89.6
Total Amortized Cost	1,589.0		155.7		332.5		88.1		67.0		23.1		2,255.4
Allowance for credit losses	(14.1)		(0.5)		(1.1)		(0.3)		(0.4)		(0.1)		(16.5)
Carrying Amount	$	1,574.9	$	155.2	$	331.4	$	87.8	$	66.6	$	23.0	$	2,238.9

1Loan-to-Value Ratio utilizes the most recent internal valuation of the property

	December 31, 2023
	Prior to 2019		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Internal Mortgage Rating
AA	$	74.3	$	11.0	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	85.3
A	589.0		100.3		94.1		100.1		23.2		38.0		944.7
BBB	618.4		224.8		71.4		248.0		64.4		29.2		1,256.2
BB	42.2		—		—		—		—		—		42.2
Total Amortized Cost	1,323.9		336.1		165.5		348.1		87.6		67.2		2,328.4
Allowance for credit losses	(6.3)		(1.3)		(0.6)		(1.0)		(0.6)		(0.4)		(10.2)
Carrying Amount	$	1,317.6	$	334.8	$	164.9	$	347.1	$	87.0	$	66.8	$	2,318.2
Loan-to-Value Ratio1
<=65%	$	908.3	$	197.7	$	116.4	$	145.2	$	16.2	$	30.0	$	1,413.8
>65<=75%	252.1		138.4		40.8		171.0		71.4		37.2		710.9
>75%<=85%	97.3		—		8.3		31.9		—		—		137.5
>85%	66.2		—		—		—		—		—		66.2
Total Amortized Cost	1,323.9		336.1		165.5		348.1		87.6		67.2		2,328.4
Allowance for credit losses	(6.3)		(1.3)		(0.6)		(1.0)		(0.6)		(0.4)		(10.2)
Carrying Amount	$	1,317.6	$	334.8	$	164.9	$	347.1	$	87.0	$	66.8	$	2,318.2

1Loan-to-Value Ratio utilizes the most recent internal valuation of the property

Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss

The following tables present a roll-forward of the allowance for expected credit losses by loan-to-value ratio for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Beginning of Period		Current Period Provisions		Write-Offs		Recoveries		End of Period
	(in millions of dollars)
Loan-to-Value Ratio1
<=65%	$	3.7	$	0.3	$	—	$	—	$	4.0
>65<=75%	3.3		(1.1)		—		—		2.2
>75%<=85%	1.7		0.8		—		—		2.5
>85%	3.4		4.4		—		—		7.8
Total	$	12.1	$	4.4	$	—	$	—	$	16.5

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Beginning of Period		Current Period Provisions		Write-Offs		Recoveries		End of Period
	(in millions of dollars)
Loan-to-Value Ratio1
<=65%	$	3.3	$	(0.1)	$	—	$	—	$	3.2
>65<=75%	4.8		(0.4)		—		—		4.4
>75%<=85%	0.9		—		—		—		0.9
>85%	2.1		(0.4)		—		—		1.7
Total	$	11.1	$	(0.9)	$	—	$	—	$	10.2

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Beginning of Year		Current Period Provisions		Write-Offs		Recoveries		End of Period
	(in millions of dollars)
Loan-to-Value Ratio1
<=65%	$	3.8	$	0.2	$	—	$	—	$	4.0
>65<=75%	3.8		(1.6)		—		—		2.2
>75%<=85%	1.2		1.3		—		—		2.5
>85%	1.4		6.4		—		—		7.8
Total	$	10.2	$	6.3	$	—	$	—	$	16.5

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Beginning of Year		Current Period Provisions		Write-Offs		Recoveries		End of Period
	(in millions of dollars)
Loan-to-Value Ratio1
<=65%	$	3.0	$	0.2	$	—	$	—	$	3.2
>65<=75%	4.7		(0.3)		—		—		4.4
>75%<=85%	1.1		(0.2)		—		—		0.9
>85%	0.5		1.2		—		—		1.7
Total	$	9.3	$	0.9	$	—	$	—	$	10.2

1Loan-to-Value Ratio utilizes the most recent internal valuation of the property

Remaining Contractual Maturity of Securities Lending Agreements

The remaining contractual maturities of our securities lending agreements disaggregated by class of collateral pledged are as follows:

	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	Overnight and Continuous
	(in millions of dollars)
Borrowings
Public Utilities	$	3.7	$	1.8
All Other Corporate Bonds	22.1		61.3
Total Borrowings	25.8		63.1
Gross Amount of Recognized Liability for Securities Lending Transactions	25.8		63.1
Amounts Related to Agreements Not Included in Offsetting Disclosure Contained Herein	$	—	$	—

Federal Home Loan Bank Common Stock Carrying Amounts, Amounts Posted, and Advances Received

The carrying value of common stock owned, collateral posted, and advances received are as follows:

	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Carrying Value of FHLB Common Stock	$	25.6	$	15.7
Advances from FHLB	299.0		64.5
Carrying Value of Collateral Posted to FHLB
Fixed Maturity Securities	$	600.7	$	589.0
Commercial Mortgage Loans	940.6		986.8
Total Carrying Value of Collateral Posted to FHLB	$	1,541.3	$	1,575.8

Schedule of Financial Instrument and Derivative Offsetting

Shown below are our financial instruments that either meet the accounting requirements that allow them to be offset in our balance sheets or that are subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement. Our accounting policy is to not offset these financial instruments in our balance sheets. Net amounts disclosed below have been reduced by the amount of collateral pledged to or received from our counterparties.

	September 30, 2024
	Gross Amount						Gross Amount Not
	of Recognized		Gross Amount		Net Amount		Offset in Balance Sheet
	Financial		Offset in		Presented in		Financial		Cash		Net
	Instruments		Balance Sheet		Balance Sheet		Instruments		Collateral		Amount
	(in millions of dollars)
Financial Assets:
Derivatives	$	105.5	$	—	$	105.5	$	(102.9)	$	(2.3)	$	0.3
Securities Lending	57.9		—		57.9		(32.1)		(25.8)		—
Total	$	163.4	$	—	$	163.4	$	(135.0)	$	(28.1)	$	0.3
Financial Liabilities:
Derivatives	$	130.2	$	—	$	130.2	$	(127.7)	$	—	$	2.5
Securities Lending	25.8		—		25.8		(25.8)		—		—
Total	$	156.0	$	—	$	156.0	$	(153.5)	$	—	$	2.5

	December 31, 2023
	Gross Amount						Gross Amount Not
	of Recognized		Gross Amount		Net Amount		Offset in Balance Sheet
	Financial		Offset in		Presented in		Financial		Cash		Net
	Instruments		Balance Sheet		Balance Sheet		Instruments		Collateral		Amount
	(in millions of dollars)
Financial Assets:
Derivatives	$	99.9	$	—	$	99.9	$	(91.9)	$	(6.4)	$	1.6
Securities Lending	72.0		—		72.0		(8.9)		(63.1)		—
Total	$	171.9	$	—	$	171.9	$	(100.8)	$	(69.5)	$	1.6
Financial Liabilities:
Derivatives	$	116.2	$	—	$	116.2	$	(109.4)	$	—	$	6.8
Securities Lending	63.1		—		63.1		(63.1)		—		—
Total	$	179.3	$	—	$	179.3	$	(172.5)	$	—	$	6.8

Net Investment Income

Net investment income reported in our consolidated statements of income is presented below.

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities	$	465.4	$	457.9	$	1,388.5	$	1,383.7
Derivatives	8.1		11.6		25.0		34.5
Mortgage Loans	22.0		22.9		66.6		69.8
Policy Loans	5.7		5.4		16.3		15.6
Other Long-term Investments
Perpetual Preferred Securities1	—		0.4		0.3		2.2
Private Equity Partnerships2	19.6		22.6		72.6		56.7
Other	3.4		2.6		8.5		7.1
Short-term Investments	24.0		19.1		65.7		49.4
Gross Investment Income	548.2		542.5		1,643.5		1,619.0
Less Investment Expenses	17.5		13.5		48.3		44.0
Less Investment Income on Participation Fund Account Assets	2.9		3.0		8.8		9.1
Net Investment Income	$	527.8	$	526.0	$	1,586.4	$	1,565.9

1The net unrealized gain (loss) recognized in net investment income for the three months ended September 30, 2024 related to perpetual preferred securities still held at September 30, 2024 was $0.2 million. The net unrealized gain (loss) recognized in net investment income for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 related to perpetual preferred securities still held at September 30, 2024 was de minimis. The net unrealized gain (loss) recognized in net investment income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 related to perpetual preferred securities still held at September 30, 2023 was $(0.4) million and $0.1 million, respectively.

2The net unrealized gain recognized in net investment income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 related to private equity partnerships still held at September 30, 2024 was $25.3 million and $87.6 million, respectively, reduced by net management fees and partnership expenses of $(5.7) million and $(15.0) million, respectively. The net unrealized gain recognized in net investment income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 related to private equity partnerships still held at September 30, 2023 was $29.7 million and $72.6 million, respectively, reduced by net management fees and partnership expenses of $(7.1) million and $(15.9) million, respectively. See Note 3 for further discussion of private equity partnerships.

Investment Gains and Losses Reported in Consolidated Statements of Income

Investment gains and losses are as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
Gross Gains on Sales	$	1.1	$	0.4	$	1.1	$	3.7
Gross Losses on Sales	(8.5)		(37.4)		(29.7)		(50.7)
Impairment Loss 1	(1.3)		—		(2.5)		—
Change in Allowance for Credit Losses	(0.2)		—		(3.1)		—
Mortgage Loans and Other Invested Assets
Gross Gains on Sales	0.4		—		9.7		6.0
Gross Losses on Sales	—		(0.9)		—		(1.0)
Impairment Loss	—		(3.0)		—		(3.0)
Change in Allowance for Credit Losses	(4.5)		0.9		(6.4)		(0.9)
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	(0.8)		9.2		6.1		14.7
All Other Derivatives	(2.2)		2.0		(0.2)		2.0
Foreign Currency Transactions	3.1		(2.2)		0.5		(0.8)
Net Investment Gain (Loss)	$	(12.9)	$	(31.0)	$	(24.5)	$	(30.0)

1Includes write-down of securities that we intend to sell prior to recovery of the amortized cost basis.

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Derivative Financial Instruments (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Nature and Amount of Collateral Received From and Posted To Derivative Counterparty

The table below summarizes the nature and amount of collateral received from and posted to our derivative counterparties.

	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Carrying Value of Collateral Received from Counterparties
Cash	$	3.4	$	11.1
Fixed Maturity Securities	30.9		26.3
	$	34.3	$	37.4
Carrying Value of Collateral Posted to Counterparties
Cash	$	—	$	—
Fixed Maturity Securities	50.6		39.8
	$	50.6	$	39.8

Fair Value Hedges Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets and Liabilities and Cumulative Basis Adjustments

The following table summarizes the carrying amount of hedged assets and the related cumulative basis adjustments related to our fair value hedges:

	Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets				Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets
	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023		September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Fixed maturity securities:
Receive fixed functional currency interest, pay fixed foreign currency interest	$	592.9	$	529.2	$	(0.5)	$	(6.1)

Location and Fair Values of Derivative Financial Instruments

The following tables summarize the notional amounts and fair values of derivative financial instruments, as reported in our consolidated balance sheets. Derivative assets are included in other long-term investments, while derivative liabilities are included in other liabilities within our consolidated balance sheets. The notional amounts represent the basis upon which our counterparty pay and receive amounts are calculated.

	September 30, 2024
			Derivative Assets		Derivative Liabilities
	Notional Amount		Fair Value		Fair Value
	(in millions of dollars)
Designated as Hedging Instruments
Cash Flow Hedges
Forward Benchmark Interest Rate Locks	$	2,523.0	$	47.4	$	94.7
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	142.5		14.9		3.0
Total Cash Flow Hedges	2,665.5		62.3		97.7
Fair Value Hedges
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	693.2		41.1		15.7
Total Designated as Hedging Instruments	$	3,358.7	$	103.4	$	113.4
Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Foreign Currency Forwards	$	54.6	$	2.1	$	0.5
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	125.9		—		16.3
Total Return Swaps	126.3		—		—
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	—		4.6		—
Total Not Designated as Hedging Instruments	$	306.8	$	6.7	$	16.8
Total Derivatives	$	3,665.5	$	110.1	$	130.2

	December 31, 2023
			Derivative Assets		Derivative Liabilities
	Notional Amount		Fair Value		Fair Value
	(in millions of dollars)
Designated as Hedging Instruments
Cash Flow Hedges
Forward Benchmark Interest Rate Locks	$	1,905.0	$	44.5	$	77.8
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	149.5		14.2		4.5
Total Cash Flow Hedges	2,054.5		58.7		82.3
Fair Value Hedges
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	642.5		38.2		16.7
Total Designated as Hedging Instruments	$	2,697.0	$	96.9	$	99.0
Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Foreign Currency Forwards	$	52.5	$	3.0	$	0.2
Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	132.0		—		17.0
Total Return Swaps	102.2		—		—
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	—		—		1.5
Total Not Designated as Hedging Instruments	$	286.7	$	3.0	$	18.7
Total Derivatives	$	2,983.7	$	99.9	$	117.7

Location of Gains and Losses on Derivative Instruments Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments

The following tables summarize the location of gains and losses of derivative financial instruments designated as hedging instruments, as reported in our consolidated statements of income.

	Three Months Ended September 30
	2024						2023
	Net Investment Income		Net Investment Gain (Loss)		Interest and Debt Expense		Net Investment Income		Net Investment Gain (Loss)		Interest and Debt Expense
	(in millions of dollars)
Total Income and Expense Presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income of Which Hedged Items are Recorded	$	527.8	$	(12.9)	$	49.2	$	526.0	$	(31.0)	$	48.6
Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Interest Rate Swaps:
Hedged Items	21.1		—		0.7		49.7		—		0.7
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments	3.7		—		—		8.3		—		—
Foreign Exchange Contracts:
Hedged Items	2.3		(0.7)		—		2.3		(0.1)		—
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments	0.9		0.7		—		0.4		—		—
Forward Benchmark Interest Rate Locks:
Hedged Items	10.7		—		—		3.9		—		—
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments	(0.3)		—		—		(0.1)		—		—
Gain (Loss) on Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Foreign Exchange Contracts:
Hedged Items	4.9		25.2		—		3.9		(15.2)		—
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments	4.2		(25.2)		—		3.1		15.2		—

	Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024						2023
	Net Investment Income		Net Investment Gain (Loss)		Interest and Debt Expense		Net Investment Income		Net Investment Gain (Loss)		Interest and Debt Expense
	(in millions of dollars)
Total Income and Expense Presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income of Which Hedged Items are Recorded	$	1,586.4	$	(24.5)	$	148.6	$	1,565.9	$	(30.0)	$	145.6
Gain (Loss) on Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Interest Rate Swaps:
Hedged Items	91.3		—		2.2		148.2		0.8		2.2
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments	14.5		—		—		27.7		—		—
Foreign Exchange Contracts:
Hedged Items	6.5		(0.4)		—		7.3		(0.1)		—
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments	0.5		0.5		—		0.6		0.1		—
Forward Benchmark Interest Rate Locks:
Hedged Items	29.6		—		—		7.7		—		—
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments	(0.7)		—		—		(0.1)		—		—
Gain (Loss) on Fair Value Hedging Relationships
Foreign Exchange Contracts:
Hedged Items	13.4		5.6		—		10.3		(8.7)		—
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments	11.5		(5.6)		—		6.7		8.7		—

Schedule of Cash Flow Hedges Included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table summarizes the location of gains and losses of derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedging instruments, as reported in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on Derivatives
Forwards	$	66.0	$	(158.9)	$	(39.6)	$	(159.7)
Foreign Exchange Contracts	(1.2)		3.4		2.6		0.7
Total	$	64.8	$	(155.5)	$	(37.0)	$	(159.0)

Gains and Losses on Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

The following table summarizes the location of gains and losses on our derivatives not designated as hedging instruments, as reported in our consolidated statements of income.

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Net Investment Gain (Loss)
Foreign Exchange Contracts	$	(2.2)	$	2.0	$	(0.2)	$	2.0
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	(0.8)		9.2		6.1		14.7
Total	$	(3.0)	$	11.2	$	5.9	$	16.7
Other Expenses
(Gain) Loss on Total Return Swaps	$	(5.4)	$	4.1	$	(14.1)	$	(4.7)

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]

Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Components of our accumulated other comprehensive loss, after tax, and related changes are as follows:

	Net Unrealized Loss on Securities		Effect of Change in Discount Rate Assumptions on the LFPB1		Net Loss on Derivatives		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment		Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Balance at June 30, 2024	$	(2,723.8)	$	712.3	$	(164.6)	$	(328.4)	$	(341.7)	$	(2,846.2)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications	1,225.8		(1,239.3)		58.8		68.5		(4.2)		109.6
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss	6.8		—		(3.1)		—		3.2		6.9
Net Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	1,232.6		(1,239.3)		55.7		68.5		(1.0)		116.5
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	(1,491.2)	$	(527.0)	$	(108.9)	$	(259.9)	$	(342.7)	$	(2,729.7)
Balance at June 30, 2023	$	(2,762.6)	$	0.1	$	(33.3)	$	(327.1)	$	(334.7)	$	(3,457.6)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications	(1,215.1)		1,688.4		(137.9)		(55.1)		2.5		282.8
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss	29.3		—		(6.5)		—		1.4		24.2
Net Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	(1,185.8)		1,688.4		(144.4)		(55.1)		3.9		307.0
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	(3,948.4)	$	1,688.5	$	(177.7)	$	(382.2)	$	(330.8)	$	(3,150.6)
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	(1,919.1)	$	(648.4)	$	(73.7)	$	(321.1)	$	(345.7)	$	(3,308.0)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications	401.1		121.4		(24.3)		61.2		(6.6)		552.8
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss	26.8		—		(10.9)		—		9.6		25.5
Net Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	427.9		121.4		(35.2)		61.2		3.0		578.3
Balance at September 30, 2024	$	(1,491.2)	$	(527.0)	$	(108.9)	$	(259.9)	$	(342.7)	$	(2,729.7)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	(3,028.4)	$	313.9	$	(9.6)	$	(390.1)	$	(334.1)	$	(3,448.3)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications	(957.2)		1,374.6		(146.4)		7.9		(0.9)		278.0
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss	37.2		—		(21.7)		—		4.2		19.7
Net Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	(920.0)		1,374.6		(168.1)		7.9		3.3		297.7
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	(3,948.4)	$	1,688.5	$	(177.7)	$	(382.2)	$	(330.8)	$	(3,150.6)
1Liability for Future Policy Benefits

Schedule of Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss were recognized in our consolidated statements of income as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Net Unrealized Loss on Securities
Net Investment Loss on Fixed Maturity Securities
Net Loss on Sales	$	(7.4)	$	(37.0)	$	(28.6)	$	(47.0)
Impairment Loss	(1.3)		—		(2.5)		—
Change in Allowance for Credit Losses	(0.2)		—		(3.1)		—
	(8.9)		(37.0)		(34.2)		(47.0)
Income Tax Benefit	(2.1)		(7.7)		(7.4)		(9.8)
Total	$	(6.8)	$	(29.3)	$	(26.8)	$	(37.2)
Net Loss on Derivatives
Net Investment Income
Gain on Interest Rate Swaps and Forwards	$	3.4	$	8.3	$	13.8	$	27.6
Loss on Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	—		(0.1)		(0.1)		(0.2)
Net Investment Gain
Gain on Foreign Currency Interest Rate Swaps	0.6		—		0.1		0.1
	4.0		8.2		13.8		27.5
Income Tax Expense	0.9		1.7		2.9		5.8
Total	$	3.1	$	6.5	$	10.9	$	21.7
Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs
Other Expenses
Amortization of Net Actuarial Loss	$	(4.2)	$	(1.8)	$	(12.4)	$	(5.4)
Amortization of Prior Service Credit	0.1		—		0.2		0.1
	(4.1)		(1.8)		(12.2)		(5.3)
Income Tax Benefit	(0.9)		(0.4)		(2.6)		(1.1)
Total	$	(3.2)	$	(1.4)	$	(9.6)	$	(4.2)

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Liability for Future Policy Benefits, Policyholder's Account Balances, and Deferred Acquisition Costs (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Insurance [Abstract]

Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Activity

The following table presents balances as well as the changes in the liability for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products.

	Consolidated
	September 30
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	14,417.8	$	12,426.2
Beginning balance at original discount rate	14,243.2		12,695.3
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	73.0		1,499.2
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(151.9)		(121.8)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	14,164.3		14,072.7
Issuances	856.7		861.2
Interest accretion	481.8		430.8
Net premiums collected	(1,222.6)		(1,164.9)
Foreign currency	7.3		(0.1)
Ending balance at original discount rate	14,287.5		14,199.7
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	319.0		(709.0)
Balance, end of period	$	14,606.5	$	13,490.7
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	52,423.6	$	48,929.4
Beginning balance at original discount rate	51,305.7		49,689.0
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(248.5)		1,702.0
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(355.6)		(356.4)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	50,701.6		51,034.6
Issuances1	2,506.9		2,547.0
Interest accretion	1,707.3		1,670.3
Benefit payments	(4,078.4)		(4,106.1)
Foreign currency	121.0		19.6
Ending balance at original discount rate	50,958.4		51,165.4
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	1,204.1		(3,111.7)
Balance, end of period	$	52,162.5	$	48,053.7
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	37,556.0	$	34,563.0
Other2	1,655.7		1,703.3
Total liability for future policy benefits	39,211.7		36,266.3
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	7,455.9		7,449.0
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	31,755.8	$	28,817.3
1Issuances include new policy issuances for most product lines. For our Unum US group disability, Unum US group life and AD&D and Closed Block - All Other product lines and certain of our Unum International product lines, this line represents new claim incurrals.
2Other primarily relates to our Closed Block - All Other product line.

The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products presented in the rollforward activity above.

	Consolidated
	Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	7,568.4	$	7,278.4
Interest accretion	$	1,225.5	$	1,239.5

	Consolidated
	September 30
	2024			2023
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	104,039.1		$	105,306.1
Expected future gross premiums	$	39,394.1		$	38,581.4
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	25,941.4		$	25,435.2
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	4.9		%	4.8		%
Current discount rate	4.8		%	5.6		%
Weighted average duration of the liability	11.5 years			11.5 years

The following table presents the balances and changes in the reserves for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products in the Unum US segment.

	September 30, 2024
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Voluntary Benefits		Individual Disability		Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	—	$	—	$	1,134.7	$	1,296.7	$	2,431.4
Beginning balance at original discount rate	—		—		1,192.5		1,294.4		2,486.9
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	—		—		41.5		(100.2)		(58.7)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	—		—		(72.1)		(5.3)		(77.4)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	—		—		1,161.9		1,188.9		2,350.8
Issuances1	—		—		295.0		119.2		414.2
Interest accretion	—		—		29.9		39.8		69.7
Net premiums collected	—		—		(144.9)		(138.7)		(283.6)
Ending balance at original discount rate	—		—		1,341.9		1,209.2		2,551.1
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	—		—		(41.7)		16.7		(25.0)
Balance, end of period	$	—	$	—	$	1,300.2	$	1,225.9	$	2,526.1
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	5,147.4	$	922.0	$	2,334.5	$	3,348.6	$	11,752.5
Beginning balance at original discount rate	5,277.1		936.5		2,422.0		3,313.9		11,949.5
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(76.4)		(17.0)		51.6		(155.4)		(197.2)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(152.4)		(49.7)		(81.1)		(18.9)		(302.1)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	5,048.3		869.8		2,392.5		3,139.6		11,450.2
Issuances1	893.7		333.3		315.1		127.1		1,669.2
Interest accretion	121.7		14.3		73.2		113.3		322.5
Benefit payments	(1,109.7)		(357.8)		(170.3)		(207.2)		(1,845.0)
Ending balance at original discount rate	4,954.0		859.6		2,610.5		3,172.8		11,596.9
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(43.4)		(6.3)		(91.7)		65.8		(75.6)
Balance, end of period	$	4,910.6	$	853.3	$	2,518.8	$	3,238.6	$	11,521.3
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	4,910.6	$	853.3	$	1,218.6	$	2,012.7	$	8,995.2
Other	0.1		0.8		2.7		28.1		31.7
Total liability for future policy benefits	4,910.7		854.1		1,221.3		2,040.8		9,026.9
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	26.8		5.7		13.7		154.6		200.8
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	4,883.9	$	848.4	$	1,207.6	$	1,886.2	$	8,826.1
1Issuances include new policy issuances for most product lines. Issuances for Unum US group disability and Unum US group life and AD&D represents new claim incurrals.

	September 30, 2023
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Voluntary Benefits		Individual Disability		Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	—	$	—	$	868.2	$	1,202.9	$	2,071.1
Beginning balance at original discount rate	—		—		937.9		1,228.1		2,166.0
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	—		—		180.7		5.0		185.7
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	—		—		(98.2)		(13.6)		(111.8)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	—		—		1,020.4		1,219.5		2,239.9
Issuances1	—		—		258.6		164.0		422.6
Interest accretion	—		—		21.4		36.3		57.7
Net premiums collected	—		—		(124.2)		(131.7)		(255.9)
Ending balance at original discount rate	—		—		1,176.2		1,288.1		2,464.3
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	—		—		(119.4)		(62.2)		(181.6)
Balance, end of period	$	—	$	—	$	1,056.8	$	1,225.9	$	2,282.7
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	5,533.3	$	972.6	$	1,999.5	$	3,192.8	$	11,698.2
Beginning balance at original discount rate	5,793.1		998.5		2,141.2		3,244.5		12,177.3
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(100.2)		—		170.1		7.9		77.8
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(187.8)		(28.2)		(109.6)		(42.3)		(367.9)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	5,505.1		970.3		2,201.7		3,210.1		11,887.2
Issuances1	907.1		356.1		270.4		173.8		1,707.4
Interest accretion	137.6		15.8		64.3		123.2		340.9
Benefit payments	(1,186.8)		(402.1)		(143.9)		(203.5)		(1,936.3)
Ending balance at original discount rate	5,363.0		940.1		2,392.5		3,303.6		11,999.2
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(310.1)		(35.6)		(280.7)		(190.0)		(816.4)
Balance, end of period	$	5,052.9	$	904.5	$	2,111.8	$	3,113.6	$	11,182.8
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	5,052.9	$	904.5	$	1,055.0	$	1,887.7	$	8,900.1
Other	0.5		1.0		2.4		26.0		29.9
Total liability for future policy benefits	5,053.4		905.5		1,057.4		1,913.7		8,930.0
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	32.8		6.2		13.2		148.1		200.3
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	5,020.6	$	899.3	$	1,044.2	$	1,765.6	$	8,729.7
1Issuances include new policy issuances for most product lines. Issuances for Unum US group disability and Unum US group life and AD&D represents new claim incurrals.

The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products in the Unum US segment presented in the rollforward activity above.

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Voluntary Benefits		Individual Disability		Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	2,294.8	$	1,496.3	$	621.3	$	494.2	$	4,906.6
Interest accretion	$	121.7	$	14.3	$	43.3	$	73.5	$	252.8

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Voluntary Benefits		Individual Disability		Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	2,210.4	$	1,403.2	$	592.1	$	474.2	$	4,679.9
Interest accretion	$	137.6	$	15.8	$	42.9	$	86.9	$	283.2

	September 30, 2024
	Group Disability			Group Life and AD&D			Voluntary Benefits			Individual Disability			Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	6,001.5		$	977.0		$	5,579.6		$	5,082.2		$	17,640.3
Expected future gross premiums	$	—		$	—		$	5,822.4		$	5,817.0		$	11,639.4
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	—		$	—		$	3,854.6		$	4,180.2		$	8,034.8
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	4.1		%	2.3		%	5.0		%	5.1		%	4.3		%
Current discount rate	4.3		%	2.4		%	4.9		%	4.6		%	4.3		%
Weighted average duration of the liability	4.2 years			2.5 years			18.5 years			9.4 years			7.1 years

	September 30, 2023
	Group Disability			Group Life and AD&D			Voluntary Benefits			Individual Disability			Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	6,474.2		$	1,069.2		$	5,107.4		$	5,292.7		$	17,943.5
Expected future gross premiums	$	—		$	—		$	5,317.5		$	5,701.8		$	11,019.3
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	—		$	—		$	3,663.8		$	4,099.5		$	7,763.3
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	4.0		%	2.3		%	5.0		%	5.1		%	4.2%
Current discount rate	5.4		%	3.1		%	5.7		%	5.7		%	5.3%
Weighted average duration of the liability	4.3 years			2.7 years			18.2 years			9.6 years			6.9 years

The following table presents the balances and changes in the reserves for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products in the Unum International segment.

	September 30
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	270.3	$	197.1
Beginning balance at original discount rate	298.4		246.8
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(5.9)		(5.1)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	15.1		12.2
Adjusted beginning of year balance	307.6		253.9
Issuances1	25.3		16.9
Interest accretion	8.7		6.9
Net premiums collected	(21.2)		(16.9)
Foreign currency	7.3		(0.1)
Ending balance at original discount rate	327.7		260.7
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(27.9)		(37.6)
Balance, end of period	$	299.8	$	223.1
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	2,527.4	$	2,231.4
Beginning balance at original discount rate	2,687.1		2,495.5
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	0.1		17.7
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(13.4)		(9.2)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	2,673.8		2,504.0
Issuances1	300.3		277.3
Interest accretion	51.3		47.7
Benefit payments	(326.4)		(307.5)
Foreign currency	121.0		19.6
Ending balance at original discount rate	2,820.0		2,541.1
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(214.9)		(297.1)
Balance, end of period	$	2,605.1	$	2,244.0
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	2,305.3	$	2,020.9
Other	43.1		30.3
Total liability for future policy benefits	2,348.4		2,051.2
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	78.0		69.4
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	2,270.4	$	1,981.8
1Issuances for Unum International primarily represent new claim incurrals.

The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products in the Unum International segment presented in the rollforward activity above.

	Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	710.2	$	667.7
Interest accretion	$	42.6	$	40.8

	September 30
	2024			2023
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	4,536.2		$	4,012.8
Expected future gross premiums	$	1,335.6		$	1,035.7
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	854.1		$	676.8
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	4.1		%	4.0		%
Current discount rate	4.9		%	5.4		%
Weighted average duration of the liability	8.9 years			8.6 years

The following table presents the balances and changes in the reserves for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products in the Colonial Life segment.

	September 30
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	3,592.6	$	3,745.4
Beginning balance at original discount rate	3,754.3		4,046.4
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(7.9)		(322.7)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(57.0)		(77.1)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	3,689.4		3,646.6
Issuances	417.2		421.7
Interest accretion	101.4		94.3
Net premiums collected	(455.5)		(454.0)
Ending balance at original discount rate	3,752.5		3,708.6
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(105.6)		(348.7)
Balance, end of period	$	3,646.9	$	3,359.9
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	5,566.0	$	5,581.1
Beginning balance at original discount rate	5,925.2		6,163.9
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(52.7)		(402.9)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(84.2)		(90.1)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	5,788.3		5,670.9
Issuances	455.1		461.1
Interest accretion	172.2		161.0
Benefit payments	(458.4)		(462.1)
Ending balance at original discount rate	5,957.2		5,830.9
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(303.5)		(731.9)
Balance, end of period	$	5,653.7	$	5,099.0
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	2,006.8	$	1,739.1
Other	25.1		24.3
Total liability for future policy benefits	2,031.9		1,763.4
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	1.5		0.9
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	2,030.4	$	1,762.5

The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products in the Colonial Life segment presented in the rollforward activity above.

	Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	1,286.4	$	1,240.3
Interest accretion	$	70.8	$	66.7

	September 30
	2024			2023
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	10,242.2		$	9,568.2
Expected future gross premiums	$	12,450.4		$	11,847.5
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	8,948.9		$	8,684.1
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	4.4		%	4.3		%
Current discount rate	4.8		%	5.7		%
Weighted average duration of the liability	17.3 years			16.9 years

The following table presents the balances and changes in the reserves for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products in the Closed Block segment.

	September 30, 2024
	Long-term Care		All Other		Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	8,123.5	$	—	$	8,123.5
Beginning balance at original discount rate	7,703.6		—		7,703.6
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	145.5		—		145.5
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(32.6)		—		(32.6)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	7,816.5		—		7,816.5
Interest accretion	302.0		—		302.0
Net premiums collected	(462.3)		—		(462.3)
Ending balance at original discount rate	7,656.2		—		7,656.2
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	477.5		—		477.5
Balance, end of period	$	8,133.7	$	—	$	8,133.7
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	24,697.7	$	7,880.0	$	32,577.7
Beginning balance at original discount rate	22,649.3		8,094.6		30,743.9
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(4.1)		5.4		1.3
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	38.9		5.2		44.1
Adjusted beginning of year balance	22,684.1		8,105.2		30,789.3
Issuances1	—		82.3		82.3
Interest accretion	899.7		261.6		1,161.3
Benefit payments	(710.0)		(738.6)		(1,448.6)
Ending balance at original discount rate	22,873.8		7,710.5		30,584.3
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	1,927.3		(129.2)		1,798.1
Balance, end of period	$	24,801.1	$	7,581.3	$	32,382.4
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	16,667.4	$	7,581.3	$	24,248.7
Other2	(0.7)		1,556.5		1,555.8
Total liability for future policy benefits	16,666.7		9,137.8		25,804.5
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	4.2		7,171.4		7,175.6
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	16,662.5	$	1,966.4	$	18,628.9
1Issuances for Closed Block - All Other represents new claim incurrals.
2Other for Closed Block - All Other primarily includes our closed block group pension products and certain of our ceded closed block individual life products.

	September 30, 2023
	Long-term Care		All Other		Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	6,412.6	$	—	$	6,412.6
Beginning balance at original discount rate	6,236.1		—		6,236.1
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	1,641.3		—		1,641.3
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	54.9		—		54.9
Adjusted beginning of year balance	7,932.3		—		7,932.3
Interest accretion	271.9		—		271.9
Net premiums collected	(438.1)		—		(438.1)
Ending balance at original discount rate	7,766.1		—		7,766.1
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(141.1)		—		(141.1)
Balance, end of period	$	7,625.0	$	—	$	7,625.0
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	21,199.9	$	8,218.8	$	29,418.7
Beginning balance at original discount rate	20,221.6		8,630.7		28,852.3
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	2,009.4		—		2,009.4
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	106.7		4.1		110.8
Adjusted beginning of year balance	22,337.7		8,634.8		30,972.5
Issuances1	—		101.2		101.2
Interest accretion	850.7		270.0		1,120.7
Benefit payments	(624.2)		(776.0)		(1,400.2)
Ending balance at original discount rate	22,564.2		8,230.0		30,794.2
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(579.3)		(687.0)		(1,266.3)
Balance, end of period	$	21,984.9	$	7,543.0	$	29,527.9
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	14,359.9	$	7,543.0	$	21,902.9
Other2	12.8		1,606.0		1,618.8
Total liability for future policy benefits	14,372.7		9,149.0		23,521.7
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	4.6		7,173.7		7,178.3
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	14,368.1	$	1,975.3	$	16,343.4
1Issuances for Closed Block - All Other represents new claim incurrals.
2Other for Closed Block - All Other primarily includes our closed block group pension products and certain of our ceded closed block individual life products.

The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products in the Closed Block segment presented in the rollforward activity above.

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Long-term Care		All Other		Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	521.6	$	143.6	$	665.2
Interest accretion	$	597.7	$	261.6	$	859.3

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Long-term Care		All Other		Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	521.2	$	169.3	$	690.5
Interest accretion	$	578.8	$	270.0	$	848.8

	September 30, 2024
	Long-term Care			All Other			Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	60,339.0		$	11,281.4		$	71,620.4
Expected future gross premiums	$	13,968.7		$	—		$	13,968.7
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	8,103.6		$	—		$	8,103.6
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	5.6		%	4.6		%	5.2		%
Current discount rate	5.0		%	4.7		%	4.9		%
Weighted average duration of the liability	15.9 years			7.2 years			13.0 years

	September 30, 2023
	Long-term Care			All Other			Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	61,672.0		$	12,109.6		$	73,781.6
Expected future gross premiums	$	14,678.9		$	—		$	14,678.9
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	8,311.0		$	—		$	8,311.0
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	5.6		%	4.6		%	5.2%
Current discount rate	5.8		%	5.7		%	5.8%
Weighted average duration of the liability	16.6 years			7.3 years			13.3 years

A reconciliation of the liability for future policy benefits reflected in the preceding rollforwards to the related liability balances in the consolidated balance sheets are as follows:

	September 30
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Liability for future policy benefits
Unum US1	$	9,026.9	$	8,930.0
Unum International	2,348.4		2,051.2
Colonial Life	2,031.9		1,763.4
Closed Block1	25,804.5		23,521.7
Other products1	232.8		236.1
Total liability for future policy benefits	$	39,444.5	$	36,502.4

1Unum US excludes dental & vision and medical stop-loss product lines and Closed Block excludes our participating fund account, which represents policies issued by one of our subsidiaries prior to its 1986 conversion from a mutual stock life insurance company. The liabilities associated with these products are included within Other products.

Policyholder Account Balance

The following table presents the balances and changes in the policyholders' account balances:

	September 30, 2024
	Unum US - Voluntary Benefits		Colonial Life		Closed Block - All Other		Total
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Balance, beginning of year	$	578.6	$	852.9	$	4,082.7	$	5,514.2
Premiums received	40.7		60.2		23.3		124.2
Policy charges1	(42.9)		(54.2)		(73.7)		(170.8)
Surrenders and withdrawals	(24.3)		(30.4)		(9.8)		(64.5)
Benefit payments	(4.8)		(6.0)		(157.1)		(167.9)
Interest credited	15.7		25.6		220.1		261.4
Other	7.6		0.2		0.8		8.6
Balance, end of period	570.6		848.3		4,086.3		5,505.2
Reserves in excess of account balance	104.4		14.5		37.2		156.1
Total policyholders' account balances	675.0		862.8		4,123.5		5,661.3
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to policyholders' account balances	0.8		—		4,123.5		4,124.3
Net policyholders' account balances, after reinsurance recoverable	$	674.2	$	862.8	$	—	$	1,537.0
Weighted average crediting rate	3.7%		4.1%		7.4%		6.5%
Net amount at risk2	$	4,210.4	$	8,325.0	$	1,698.7	$	14,234.1
Cash surrender value	$	560.4	$	817.1	$	4,062.7	$	5,440.2
1Contracts included in the policyholder account balances are generally charged a premium and/or monthly assessments on the basis of the account balance.
2For those guarantees of benefits that are payable in the event of death, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the current guaranteed minimum death benefit in excess of the current account balance at the balance sheet date.

	September 30, 2023
	Unum US - Voluntary Benefits		Colonial Life		Closed Block - All Other		Total
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Balance, beginning of year	$	586.8	$	852.4	$	4,159.4	$	5,598.6
Premiums received	44.9		64.4		25.2		134.5
Policy charges1	(45.8)		(56.3)		(78.9)		(181.0)
Surrenders and withdrawals	(23.6)		(28.5)		(12.1)		(64.2)
Benefit payments	(7.5)		(5.6)		(191.0)		(204.1)
Interest credited	17.0		25.7		239.0		281.7
Other	6.7		(0.2)		24.3		30.8
Balance, end of period	578.5		851.9		4,165.9		5,596.3
Reserves in excess of account balance	99.2		16.6		32.4		148.2
Total policyholders' account balances	677.7		868.5		4,198.3		5,744.5
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to policyholders' account balances	1.0		—		4,198.3		4,199.3
Net policyholders' account balances, after reinsurance recoverable	$	676.7	$	868.5	$	—	$	1,545.2
Weighted average crediting rate	4.0%		4.1%		8.0%		6.9%
Net amount at risk2	$	4,600.0	$	8,901.6	$	1,807.1	$	15,308.7
Cash surrender value	$	568.9	$	810.1	$	4,033.4	$	5,412.4
1Contracts included in the policyholder account balances are generally charged a premium and/or monthly assessments on the basis of the account balance.
2For those guarantees of benefits that are payable in the event of death, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the current guaranteed minimum death benefit in excess of the current account balance at the balance sheet date.

Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate

The balance of the account values by range of guaranteed minimum crediting rates and the related range of difference, in basis points, between rates being credited to policyholders and the respective guaranteed minimums is as follows.

	September 30, 2024
Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate	At Guaranteed Minimum		1 Basis Point - 50 Basis Points Above		51 Basis Points - 150 Basis Points Above		Greater than 150 Basis Points Above		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
	Unum US - Voluntary Benefits
3.00% - 3.99%	$	89.8	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	89.8
4.00% - 4.99%	220.2		193.6		35.8		—		449.6
5.00% - 6.00%	31.2		—		—		—		31.2
	341.2		193.6		35.8		—		570.6
	Colonial Life
4.00% - 5.00%	842.0		6.3		—		—		848.3
	Closed Block - All Other
3.00% - 5.99%	415.9		1,117.1		27.7		—		1,560.7
6.00% - 8.99%	1.3		25.6		—		—		26.9
9.00% - 11.99%	—		2,299.3		—		—		2,299.3
12.00% - 15.00%	—		199.4		—		—		199.4
	417.2		3,641.4		27.7		—		4,086.3
Total	$	1,600.4	$	3,841.3	$	63.5	$	—	$	5,505.2

	September 30, 2023
Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate	At Guaranteed Minimum		1 Basis Point - 50 Basis Points Above		51 Basis Points - 150 Basis Points Above		Greater than 150 Basis Points Above		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
	Unum US - Voluntary Benefits
3.00% - 3.99%	$	91.6	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	91.6
4.00% - 4.99%	265.4		188.5		—		—		453.9
5.00% - 6.00%	33.0		—		—		—		33.0
	390.0		188.5		—		—		578.5
	Colonial Life
4.00% - 5.00%	845.8		6.1		—		—		851.9
	Closed Block - All Other
3.00% - 5.99%	431.3		1,181.2		27.1		—		1,639.6
6.00% - 8.99%	2.1		28.5		—		—		30.6
9.00% - 11.99%	398.4		1,914.7		—		—		2,313.1
12.00% - 15.00%	—		182.6		—		—		182.6
	831.8		3,307.0		27.1		—		4,165.9
Total	$	2,067.6	$	3,501.6	$	27.1	$	—	$	5,596.3

Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs

The following tables display the changes in DAC throughout the period:

	September 30, 2024
	Unum US		Unum International		Colonial Life		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year	$	1,232.2	$	46.9	$	1,435.4	$	2,714.5
Capitalization	247.4		13.2		234.7		495.3
Amortization expense	(216.7)		(7.3)		(163.9)		(387.9)
Foreign currency	—		1.6		—		1.6
Balance, end of period	$	1,262.9	$	54.4	$	1,506.2	$	2,823.5

	September 30, 2023
	Unum US		Unum International		Colonial Life		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year	$	1,185.1	$	37.0	$	1,337.9	$	2,560.0
Capitalization	230.6		10.8		226.1		467.5
Amortization expense	(199.2)		(6.1)		(153.4)		(358.7)
Foreign currency	—		(0.1)		—		(0.1)
Balance, end of period	$	1,216.5	$	41.6	$	1,410.6	$	2,668.7

	September 30, 2024
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Voluntary Benefits		Individual Disability		Dental and Vision		Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year	$	63.6	$	48.9	$	610.6	$	497.8	$	11.3	$	1,232.2
Capitalization	48.1		31.0		93.2		63.9		11.2		247.4
Amortization expense	(46.8)		(26.7)		(88.4)		(45.3)		(9.5)		(216.7)
Balance, end of period	$	64.9	$	53.2	$	615.4	$	516.4	$	13.0	$	1,262.9

	September 30, 2023
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Voluntary Benefits		Individual Disability		Dental and Vision		Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year	$	61.0	$	49.3	$	601.0	$	464.4	$	9.4	$	1,185.1
Capitalization	44.7		28.9		85.2		62.6		9.2		230.6
Amortization expense	(42.1)		(29.5)		(79.5)		(40.2)		(7.9)		(199.2)
Balance, end of period	$	63.6	$	48.7	$	606.7	$	486.8	$	10.7	$	1,216.5

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Segment Information (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Premium Income by Major Line of Business within Each Segment

Segment information is shown below.

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Premium Income
Unum US
Group Disability
Group Long-term Disability	$	522.1	$	518.5	$	1,560.3	$	1,539.3
Group Short-term Disability	271.3		256.5		810.7		753.0
Group Life and Accidental Death & Dismemberment
Group Life	447.8		423.0		1,337.9		1,254.3
Accidental Death & Dismemberment	47.1		44.1		139.3		131.2
Supplemental and Voluntary
Voluntary Benefits	219.3		209.5		665.1		637.4
Individual Disability	140.4		136.7		424.6		386.7
Dental and Vision	75.5		69.4		223.9		206.8
	1,723.5		1,657.7		5,161.8		4,908.7
Unum International
Unum UK
Group Long-term Disability	106.6		101.1		312.4		297.5
Group Life	58.8		44.2		156.3		124.5
Supplemental	41.4		34.6		125.1		99.9
Unum Poland	39.8		30.7		113.3		85.2
	246.6		210.6		707.1		607.1
Colonial Life
Accident, Sickness, and Disability	240.6		236.7		725.5		708.0
Life	113.1		106.2		342.6		318.1
Cancer and Critical Illness	88.2		88.3		266.9		265.2
	441.9		431.2		1,335.0		1,291.3
Closed Block
Long-term Care	173.7		172.1		521.5		521.2
All Other	43.1		54.3		140.9		166.0
	216.8		226.4		662.4		687.2
Total Premium Income	$	2,628.8	$	2,525.9	$	7,866.3	$	7,494.3

Selected Operating Statement Data by Segment

	Unum US		Unum International		Colonial Life		Closed Block		Corporate		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
Premium Income	$	1,723.5	$	246.6	$	441.9	$	216.8	$	—	$	2,628.8
Net Investment Income	161.0		30.4		39.6		284.3		12.5		527.8
Other Income	60.1		0.4		0.4		12.4		—		73.3
Adjusted Operating Revenue	$	1,944.6	$	277.4	$	481.9	$	513.5	$	12.5	$	3,229.9
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss)	$	363.3	$	40.3	$	113.4	$	34.2	$	(49.4)	$	501.8
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
Premium Income	$	1,657.7	$	210.6	$	431.2	$	226.4	$	—	$	2,525.9
Net Investment Income	166.2		27.3		39.3		274.9		18.3		526.0
Other Income	58.0		0.5		0.3		12.8		—		71.6
Adjusted Operating Revenue	$	1,881.9	$	238.4	$	470.8	$	514.1	$	18.3	$	3,123.5
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss)	$	357.8	$	36.8	$	102.9	$	34.2	$	(41.5)	$	490.2

	Unum US		Unum International		Colonial Life		Closed Block		Corporate		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
Premium Income	$	5,161.8	$	707.1	$	1,335.0	$	662.4	$	—	$	7,866.3
Net Investment Income	476.1		94.5		119.4		851.6		44.8		1,586.4
Other Income	178.9		1.2		3.6		37.7		1.1		222.5
Adjusted Operating Revenue	$	5,816.8	$	802.8	$	1,458.0	$	1,551.7	$	45.9	$	9,675.2
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss)	$	1,106.0	$	120.2	$	344.0	$	110.1	$	(140.8)	$	1,539.5
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
Premium Income	$	4,908.7	$	607.1	$	1,291.3	$	687.2	$	—	$	7,494.3
Net Investment Income	481.5		104.0		114.6		796.0		69.8		1,565.9
Other Income	166.1		1.0		0.9		40.1		2.5		210.6
Adjusted Operating Revenue	$	5,556.3	$	712.1	$	1,406.8	$	1,523.3	$	72.3	$	9,270.8
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss)	$	1,013.4	$	118.7	$	312.3	$	143.6	$	(109.9)	$	1,478.1

Assets by Segment

	September 30		December 31
	2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Assets
Unum US	$	15,365.4	$	15,561.1
Unum International	3,569.4		3,372.9
Colonial Life	4,994.2		4,830.4
Closed Block	35,527.4		35,272.8
Corporate	4,684.1		4,218.0
Total Assets	$	64,140.5	$	63,255.2

Reconciliation of Total Revenue and Income Before Income Tax to Adjusted Operating Revenue and Adjusted Operating Income

A reconciliation of total revenue to "adjusted operating revenue" and income before income tax to "adjusted operating income" is as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Total Revenue	$	3,217.0	$	3,092.5	$	9,650.7	$	9,240.8
Excluding:
Net Investment Loss	(12.9)		(31.0)		(24.5)		(30.0)
Adjusted Operating Revenue	$	3,229.9	$	3,123.5	$	9,675.2	$	9,270.8
Income Before Income Tax	$	814.6	$	261.7	$	1,805.8	$	1,211.4
Excluding:
Net Investment Loss	(12.9)		(31.0)		(24.5)		(30.0)
Amortization of the Cost of Reinsurance	(10.4)		(11.1)		(31.1)		(33.1)
Non-Contemporaneous Reinsurance	(6.0)		(9.2)		(20.2)		(26.4)
Reserve Assumption Updates	357.4		(177.2)		357.4		(177.2)
Loss on Legal Settlement	(15.3)		—		(15.3)		—
Adjusted Operating Income	$	501.8	$	490.2	$	1,539.5	$	1,478.1

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Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Schedule of Net Benefit Costs

The following table provides the components of the net periodic benefit cost (credit) for the defined benefit pension and OPEB plans.

	Three Months Ended September 30
	Pension Benefits
	U.S. Plans				U.K. Plan				OPEB
	2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Service Cost	$	2.3	$	2.3	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Interest Cost	20.7		22.0		1.9		1.9		1.0		1.1
Expected Return on Plan Assets	(22.8)		(23.0)		(2.1)		(2.1)		(0.1)		(0.2)
Amortization of:
Net Actuarial (Gain) Loss	3.7		3.8		0.7		0.6		(0.2)		(2.6)
Prior Service Credit	—		—		—		—		(0.1)		—
Total Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit)	$	3.9	$	5.1	$	0.5	$	0.4	$	0.6	$	(1.7)

	Nine Months Ended September 30
	Pension Benefits
	U.S. Plans				U.K. Plan				OPEB
	2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars)
Service Cost	$	6.9	$	6.9	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Interest Cost	62.1		66.0		5.7		5.7		3.0		3.4
Expected Return on Plan Assets	(68.4)		(69.1)		(6.3)		(6.3)		(0.3)		(0.4)
Amortization of:
Net Actuarial (Gain) Loss	11.0		11.4		2.2		1.9		(0.8)		(7.9)
Prior Service Credit	—		—		—		—		(0.2)		(0.1)
Total Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit)	$	11.6	$	15.2	$	1.6	$	1.3	$	1.7	$	(5.0)

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Stockholders' Equity and Earnings Per Common Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Stockholders' Equity and Earnings Per Common Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share

Net income per common share is determined as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions of dollars, except share data)
Numerator
Net Income	$	645.7	$	202.0	$	1,430.4	$	953.2
Denominator (000s)
Weighted Average Common Shares - Basic	186,400.7		196,083.2		189,665.1		197,289.5
Dilution for Assumed Exercises of Nonvested Stock Awards	481.7		1,048.6		544.6		1,005.6
Weighted Average Common Shares - Assuming Dilution	186,882.4		197,131.8		190,209.7		198,295.1
Net Income Per Common Share
Basic	$	3.46	$	1.03	$	7.54	$	4.83
Assuming Dilution	$	3.46	$	1.02	$	7.52	$	4.81

Treasury Stock Transactions

Common stock repurchases, which are accounted for using the cost method and classified as treasury stock until otherwise retired, were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30				Nine Months Ended September 30
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions)
Shares Repurchased	3.7		1.5		9.7		3.9
Cost of Shares Repurchased1	$	202.0	$	74.8	$	504.8	$	175.4

1Includes a de minimis amount of commissions for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and a de minimis amount and $0.1 million of commissions for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. Also includes $2.0 million and $4.8 million of excise tax for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $0.7 million and $1.2 million of excise tax for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

As a part of our share repurchase program, we periodically enter into accelerated share repurchase agreements (ASR). Under the terms of these agreements, we make a prepayment to a financial counterparty for which we receive an initial delivery of approximately 75 percent of the total Unum Group common stock to be delivered under the agreement. We simultaneously enter into a forward contract indexed to the price of Unum Group common stock, which subjects the transactions to a future price adjustment. Under the terms of the agreements, we are to receive, or be required to pay, a price adjustment based on the volume weighted average price of Unum Group common stock during the term of the agreement, less a discount. Any price

adjustment payable to us is settled in shares of Unum Group common stock. Any price adjustment we would be required to pay may be settled in either cash or common stock at our option. Details of our ASRs are as follows:

Prepayment Date	Prepayment Amount	Initial Share Delivery	Forward Contract Settlement Date	Shares Delivered to Settle Forward Contract
(in millions)
October 2024	$150.0	1.9	December 2024	Not yet settled
July 2024	$150.0	2.2	September 2024	0.6
April 2024	$125.0	1.7	June 2024	0.7
January 2024	$100.0	1.6	March 2024	0.5
July 2023	$50.0	0.8	September 2023	0.2

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Fair Values of Financial Instruments Private Equity Partnerships (Details) - Private Equity Partnerships - USD ($) $ in Millions		Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share
Alternative Investments		$ 1,428.0	$ 1,326.2
Alternative Investments, Unfunded Commitments		805.6	803.1
Private Credit
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share
Alternative Investments		297.0	283.6
Alternative Investments, Unfunded Commitments		132.3	136.8
Private Credit | Not Redeemable
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share
Alternative Investments	[1]	246.3	239.1
Alternative Investments, Unfunded Commitments		126.1	128.2
Private Credit | Quarterly / 90 days notice
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share
Alternative Investments		50.7	44.5
Alternative Investments, Unfunded Commitments		6.2	8.6
Private Equity Limited Partnership
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share
Alternative Investments		608.1	571.9
Alternative Investments, Unfunded Commitments		430.4	427.2
Private Equity Limited Partnership | Not Redeemable
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share
Alternative Investments	[2]	574.8	543.9
Alternative Investments, Unfunded Commitments		417.2	410.6
Private Equity Limited Partnership | Initial 5.5 year lock on each new investment / Quarterly after 5.5 year lock with 90 days notice
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share
Alternative Investments		33.3	28.0
Alternative Investments, Unfunded Commitments		13.2	16.6
Real Assets
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share
Alternative Investments		522.9	470.7
Alternative Investments, Unfunded Commitments		242.9	239.1
Real Assets | Not Redeemable
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share
Alternative Investments	[3]	488.8	437.5
Alternative Investments, Unfunded Commitments		242.9	239.1
Real Assets | Quarterly / 90 days notice
Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share
Alternative Investments		34.1	33.2
Alternative Investments, Unfunded Commitments		$ 0.0	$ 0.0

[1] Private Credit - The limited partnerships described in this category employ various investment strategies, generally providing direct lending or other forms of debt financing including first-lien, second-lien, mezzanine, and subordinated loans. The limited partnerships have credit exposure to corporates, physical assets, and/or financial assets within a variety of industries (including manufacturing, healthcare, energy, business services, technology, materials, and retail) in North America and, to a lesser extent, outside of North America.  As of September 30, 2024, the estimated remaining life of the investments that do not allow for redemptions is approximately 80 percent in the next 3 years, 12 percent during the period from 3 to 5 years, and 8 percent during the period from 5 to 10 years.

[2] Private Equity - The limited partnerships described in this category employ various strategies generally investing in controlling or minority control equity positions directly in companies and/or assets across various industries (including manufacturing, healthcare, energy, business services, technology, materials, and retail), primarily in private markets within North America and, to a lesser extent, outside of North America.  As of September 30, 2024, the estimated remaining life of the investments that do not allow for redemptions is approximately 36 percent in the next 3 years, 31 percent during the period from 3 to 5 years, and 33 percent during the period from 5 to 10 years.

[3] Real Assets - The limited partnerships described in this category employ various strategies, which include investing in the equity and/or debt financing of physical assets, including infrastructure (energy, power, water/wastewater, communications), transportation (including airports, ports, toll roads, aircraft, railcars) and real estate in North America, Europe, South America, and Asia.  As of September 30, 2024, the estimated remaining life of the investments that do not allow for redemptions is approximately 38 percent in the next 3 years, 26 percent during period from 3 to 5 years, 34 percent during the period from 5 to 10 years, and 2 percent during the period from 10 to 15 years.

XML

Fair Value Measurements by Input Level (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	$ 37,783.5	$ 36,833.9
Derivative Assets	Other Long-term Investments	Other Long-term Investments
Equity Securities	$ 21.8	$ 31.9
Other Long-term Investments	1,682.8	1,579.4
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure	39,343.4	38,291.9
Derivative Assets	$ 110.1	$ 99.9
Liabilities
Derivative Liabilities location	Other Liabilities	Other Liabilities
Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure	$ 130.2	$ 117.7
Derivative Liabilities	130.2	117.7
Forwards
Liabilities
Derivative Liabilities	95.2	78.0
Foreign Exchange Contracts
Liabilities
Derivative Liabilities	35.0	38.2
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement
Liabilities
Derivative Liabilities		1.5
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Other Long-term Investments	1,559.9	1,458.0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	7,964.9	4,286.5
Equity Securities	0.0	0.0
Other Long-term Investments	0.0	0.0
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure	7,964.9	4,286.5
Liabilities
Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure	0.0	0.0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	29,739.6	32,391.1
Equity Securities	0.1	10.3
Other Long-term Investments	105.6	110.2
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure	29,845.2	32,501.3
Derivative Assets	105.5	99.9
Liabilities
Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure	130.2	116.2
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Forwards
Liabilities
Derivative Liabilities	95.2	78.0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Foreign Exchange Contracts
Liabilities
Derivative Liabilities	35.0	38.2
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	79.0	156.3
Equity Securities	21.7	21.6
Other Long-term Investments	26.3	21.6
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure	105.3	177.9
Derivative Assets	4.6
Liabilities
Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure	0.0	1.5
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement
Liabilities
Derivative Liabilities		1.5
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	0.0	0.0
Equity Securities	0.0	0.0
Other Long-term Investments	1,428.0	1,326.2
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure	1,428.0	1,326.2
Liabilities
Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure	0.0	0.0
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	557.4	624.8
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	0.0	0.0
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	557.4	624.8
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	0.0	0.0
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	0.0	0.0
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	3,526.5	3,678.4
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	0.0	0.0
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	3,526.5	3,678.4
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	0.0	0.0
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	0.0	0.0
Foreign Governments
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	850.1	890.7
Foreign Governments | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	0.0	0.0
Foreign Governments | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	850.1	890.7
Foreign Governments | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	0.0	0.0
Foreign Governments | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	0.0	0.0
Public Utilities
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	5,585.2	5,321.6
Public Utilities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	602.7	301.3
Public Utilities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	4,982.5	5,020.3
Public Utilities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	0.0	0.0
Public Utilities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	0.0	0.0
Mortgage/Asset-backed Securities
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	850.6	644.1
Mortgage/Asset-backed Securities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	0.0	0.0
Mortgage/Asset-backed Securities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	799.6	611.2
Mortgage/Asset-backed Securities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	51.0	32.9
Mortgage/Asset-backed Securities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	0.0	0.0
All Other Corporate Bonds
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	26,406.0	25,670.7
All Other Corporate Bonds | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	7,362.2	3,985.2
All Other Corporate Bonds | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	19,015.8	21,562.1
All Other Corporate Bonds | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	28.0	123.4
All Other Corporate Bonds | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	0.0	0.0
Redeemable Preferred Stocks
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	7.7	3.6
Redeemable Preferred Stocks | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	0.0	0.0
Redeemable Preferred Stocks | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	7.7	3.6
Redeemable Preferred Stocks | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	0.0	0.0
Redeemable Preferred Stocks | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Fixed Maturity Securities	0.0	0.0
Forwards
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Derivative Assets	49.5	47.5
Forwards | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Derivative Assets	49.5	47.5
Foreign Exchange Contracts
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Derivative Assets	56.0	52.4
Foreign Exchange Contracts | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Derivative Assets	56.0	52.4
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Derivative Assets	4.6
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Derivative Assets	4.6
Private Equity Partnerships
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Alternative Investments	1,428.0	1,326.2
Private Equity Partnerships | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Alternative Investments	0.0	0.0
Private Equity Partnerships | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Alternative Investments	0.0	0.0
Private Equity Partnerships | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Alternative Investments	0.0	0.0
Private Equity Partnerships | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Assets, Fair Value Disclosure
Alternative Investments	1,428.0	1,326.2
Derivatives | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Liabilities
Derivative Liabilities	$ 130.2	116.2
Derivatives | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3
Liabilities
Derivative Liabilities		$ 1.5

XML

Changes in Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair Value, Asset, Recurring Basis, Still Held, Unrealized Gain (Loss), OCI	$ 0.0	$ 0.0	$ 0.0	$ 0.0
Fair Value, Asset, Recurring Basis, Still Held, Unrealized Gain (Loss)	(0.8)	9.3	6.1	14.8
Fair Value, Net Derivative Asset (Liability) Measured on Recurring Basis with Unobservable Inputs	4.6	0.9	4.6	0.9	$ 5.4	$ (1.5)	$ (8.4)	$ (13.9)
Fair Value, Net Derivative Asset (Liability) Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings	(0.8)	9.3	6.1	14.8
Fair Value, Net Derivative Asset (Liability) Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Gain (Loss) Included in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fair Value, Net Derivative Asset (Liability) Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Purchases	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fair Value, Net Derivative Asset (Liability) Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Sales	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fair Value, Net Derivative Asset (Liability) Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Transfers into Level 3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fair Value, Net Derivative Asset (Liability) Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Transfers out of Level 3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
US States and Political Subdivisions Debt Securities
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value		0.0		0.0				0.2
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings				0.0
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Gain (Loss) Included in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)				0.0
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Purchases				0.0
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Sales/Maturities				0.0
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Transfers Into Level 3				0.0
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Transfers out of Level 3				(0.2)
Fair Value, Asset, Recurring Basis, Still Held, Unrealized Gain (Loss), OCI				0.0
Fair Value, Asset, Recurring Basis, Still Held, Unrealized Gain (Loss)				0.0
Public Utilities
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings	(0.2)	(0.1)	(0.2)	0.1
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Gain (Loss) Included in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	0.7	0.1	0.3	(0.1)
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Purchases	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Sales/Maturities	(10.3)	(3.9)	(10.3)	(7.2)
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Transfers Into Level 3	9.8	3.9	10.2	7.2
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Transfers out of Level 3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fair Value, Asset, Recurring Basis, Still Held, Unrealized Gain (Loss), OCI	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fair Value, Asset, Recurring Basis, Still Held, Unrealized Gain (Loss)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mortgage/Asset-backed Securities
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value	51.0	45.2	51.0	45.2	46.5	32.9	24.1	22.0
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Gain (Loss) Included in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	0.2	(1.4)	0.6	(1.5)
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Purchases	4.9	19.0	15.5	29.9
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Sales/Maturities	(0.7)	(1.0)	(1.9)	(2.8)
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Transfers Into Level 3	0.1	4.7	3.9	6.6
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Transfers out of Level 3	0.0	(0.2)	0.0	(9.0)
Fair Value, Asset, Recurring Basis, Still Held, Unrealized Gain (Loss), OCI	0.2	(1.4)	0.6	(1.5)
Fair Value, Asset, Recurring Basis, Still Held, Unrealized Gain (Loss)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
All Other Corporate Bonds
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value	28.0	108.3	28.0	108.3	53.3	123.4	128.8	158.7
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings	0.0	(4.6)	(2.6)	(5.1)
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Gain (Loss) Included in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	2.0	2.0	6.9	(20.6)
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Purchases	0.0	0.0	2.3	1.5
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Sales/Maturities	(42.2)	(54.9)	(196.4)	(229.8)
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Transfers Into Level 3	39.1	87.5	189.0	276.0
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Transfers out of Level 3	(24.2)	(50.5)	(94.6)	(72.4)
Fair Value, Asset, Recurring Basis, Still Held, Unrealized Gain (Loss), OCI	2.0	2.0	6.9	(20.6)
Fair Value, Asset, Recurring Basis, Still Held, Unrealized Gain (Loss)	0.0	0.0	(2.6)	0.0
Fixed Maturity Securities
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value	79.0	153.5	79.0	153.5	99.8	156.3	152.9	180.9
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings	(0.2)	(4.7)	(2.8)	(5.0)
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Gain (Loss) Included in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	2.9	0.7	7.8	(22.2)
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Purchases	4.9	19.0	17.8	31.4
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Sales/Maturities	(53.2)	(59.8)	(208.6)	(239.8)
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Transfers Into Level 3	49.0	96.1	203.1	289.8
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Transfers out of Level 3	(24.2)	(50.7)	(94.6)	(81.6)
Fair Value, Asset, Recurring Basis, Still Held, Unrealized Gain (Loss), OCI	2.2	0.6	7.5	(22.1)
Fair Value, Asset, Recurring Basis, Still Held, Unrealized Gain (Loss)	0.0	0.0	(2.6)	0.0
Equity Securities
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Value	21.7	17.5	21.7	17.5	$ 21.7	$ 21.6	$ 17.5	$ 16.2
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Gain (Loss) Included in Earnings	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.6
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Gain (Loss) Included in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Purchases	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.7
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Sales/Maturities	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset Transfers Into Level 3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Asset, Transfers out of Level 3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fair Value, Asset, Recurring Basis, Still Held, Unrealized Gain (Loss), OCI	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fair Value, Asset, Recurring Basis, Still Held, Unrealized Gain (Loss)	$ 0.0	$ 0.0	$ 0.1	$ 0.6

XML

Quantitative Information Regarding Significant Unobservable Inputs (Details) $ in Millions		Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Equity Securities		$ 21.8	$ 31.9
Fixed Maturity Securities		37,783.5	36,833.9
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Discounted Cash Flow | Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement		$ 4.6	$ (1.5)
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Discounted Cash Flow | Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement | Weighted Average | Spread of Swap Curve
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Embedded Derivative Liability, Measurement Input	[1]	(0.00031)	0.002
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Equity Securities | Market Approach
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Equity Securities		$ 21.7	$ 21.6
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Corporate Debt Securities - Private | Market Approach
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Fixed Maturity Securities		$ 16.3	$ 15.9
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Corporate Debt Securities - Private | Market Approach | Minimum | Volatility of Credit
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
All Other Corporate Bonds - Private, Measurement Input	[2]	0.0500	0.0500
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Corporate Debt Securities - Private | Market Approach | Maximum | Volatility of Credit
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
All Other Corporate Bonds - Private, Measurement Input	[2]	0.0500	0.0500
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Corporate Debt Securities - Private | Market Approach | Weighted Average | Volatility of Credit
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
All Other Corporate Bonds - Private, Measurement Input	[2]	0.0500	0.0500

[1] Represents various actuarial assumptions required to derive the liability cash flows. Fair value of embedded derivative is most often driven by the change in the weighted average credit spread to the swap curve for the assets backing the hypothetical loan

[2] Represents basis point adjustments for credit-specific factors

XML

Fair Values of Financial Instruments Carrying Amounts and Estimated Fair value of Financial Instruments Not Measured at Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	$ 2,238.9	$ 2,318.2
Policy Loans	3,625.6	3,620.2
Long-term Debt	3,470.4	3,430.4
Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure	130.2	117.7
Fair Value, Nonrecurring
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions
Mortgage Loans, Fair Value Disclosure	2,041.8	2,070.7
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	2,238.9	2,318.2
Policy Loans, Fair Value Disclosure	3,708.6	3,696.3
Policy Loans	3,625.6	3,620.2
Miscellaneous Long-Term Investments, Fair Value Disclosure	25.9	16.0
Miscellaneous Long-Term Investments, Carrying Value	25.9	16.0
Financial Instruments, Financial Assets Fair Value Disclosure	5,776.3	5,783.0
Total Financial Instrument Assets Not Carried at Fair Value	5,890.4	5,954.4
Long-term Debt, Fair Value Disclosure	3,392.3	3,227.9
Long-term Debt	3,470.4	3,430.4
Unfunded Commitments	0.2	0.2
Federal Home Loan Bank Funding Agreements, Fair Value Disclosure	299.0	64.5
Payables for Collateral on Investments	299.0	64.5
Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure	3,691.5	3,292.6
Total Financial Instrument Liabilities Not Carried at Fair Value	3,769.6	3,495.1
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 | Fair Value, Nonrecurring
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions
Mortgage Loans, Fair Value Disclosure	0.0	0.0
Policy Loans, Fair Value Disclosure	0.0	0.0
Miscellaneous Long-Term Investments, Fair Value Disclosure	0.0	0.0
Financial Instruments, Financial Assets Fair Value Disclosure	0.0	0.0
Long-term Debt, Fair Value Disclosure	3,347.8	2,629.1
Unfunded Commitments	0.0	0.0
Federal Home Loan Bank Funding Agreements, Fair Value Disclosure	0.0	0.0
Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure	3,347.8	2,629.1
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Fair Value, Nonrecurring
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions
Mortgage Loans, Fair Value Disclosure	2,041.8	2,070.7
Policy Loans, Fair Value Disclosure	0.0	0.0
Miscellaneous Long-Term Investments, Fair Value Disclosure	25.6	15.7
Financial Instruments, Financial Assets Fair Value Disclosure	2,067.4	2,086.4
Long-term Debt, Fair Value Disclosure	44.5	598.8
Unfunded Commitments	0.2	0.2
Federal Home Loan Bank Funding Agreements, Fair Value Disclosure	299.0	64.5
Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure	343.7	663.5
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 | Fair Value, Nonrecurring
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions
Mortgage Loans, Fair Value Disclosure	0.0	0.0
Policy Loans, Fair Value Disclosure	3,708.6	3,696.3
Miscellaneous Long-Term Investments, Fair Value Disclosure	0.3	0.3
Financial Instruments, Financial Assets Fair Value Disclosure	3,708.9	3,696.6
Long-term Debt, Fair Value Disclosure	0.0	0.0
Unfunded Commitments	0.0	0.0
Federal Home Loan Bank Funding Agreements, Fair Value Disclosure	0.0	0.0
Liabilities, Fair Value Disclosure	$ 0.0	$ 0.0

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis
Ceded Policy Loans	$ 3,320.4	$ 3,322.5
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis
Percentage of Total Fair Value of Fixed Maturities Securities	21.10%
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Pricing Service
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis
Percentage of Total Fair Value of Fixed Maturities Securities	62.80%
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 | Other Observable Market Data
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis
Percentage of Total Fair Value of Fixed Maturities Securities	15.60%
Fair Value Inputs Other Than Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis
Percentage of Total Fair Value of Fixed Maturities Securities	78.90%
Fair Value Inputs Level 2 Or Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis
Percentage of Total Fair Value of Fixed Maturities Securities	0.50%

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Amortized Cost and Fair Values of Securities by Security Type (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost of Fixed Maturity Securities	$ 38,822.6		$ 38,410.6
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for credit losses for Fixed Maturity Securities	2.9		2.2	$ 0.0	$ 0.0	$ 0.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	1,338.2
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	2,374.4
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Total	37,783.5		36,833.9
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost of Fixed Maturity Securities	542.5		618.6
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for credit losses for Fixed Maturity Securities	0.0		0.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	28.8		25.3
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	13.9		19.1
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Total	557.4		624.8
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost of Fixed Maturity Securities	3,843.4		4,041.3
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for credit losses for Fixed Maturity Securities	0.0		0.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	118.7		135.3
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	435.6		498.2
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Total	3,526.5		3,678.4
Foreign Governments
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost of Fixed Maturity Securities	964.8		982.1
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for credit losses for Fixed Maturity Securities	0.0		0.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	22.4		29.8
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	137.1		121.2
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Total	850.1		890.7
Public Utilities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost of Fixed Maturity Securities	5,561.8		5,398.2
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for credit losses for Fixed Maturity Securities	0.0		0.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	272.3		217.1
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	248.9		293.7
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Total	5,585.2		5,321.6
Mortgage/Asset-backed Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost of Fixed Maturity Securities	853.8		658.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for credit losses for Fixed Maturity Securities	0.0		0.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	13.2		10.1
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	16.4		24.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Total	850.6		644.1
All Other Corporate Bonds
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost of Fixed Maturity Securities	27,048.3		26,708.4
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for credit losses for Fixed Maturity Securities	2.9	$ 5.1	2.2
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	882.8		771.8
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	1,522.2		1,807.3
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Total	26,406.0		25,670.7
Redeemable Preferred Stocks
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost of Fixed Maturity Securities	8.0		4.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for credit losses for Fixed Maturity Securities	0.0		0.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	0.0		0.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	0.3		0.4
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Total	7.7		3.6
Fixed Maturity Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale
Amortized Cost of Fixed Maturity Securities	38,822.6		38,410.6
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for credit losses for Fixed Maturity Securities	2.9		2.2
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	1,338.2		1,189.4
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	$ 2,374.4		$ 2,763.9

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Length of Time Fixed Maturity Securities had been in a Gross Unrealized Loss Position (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months	$ 27.4	$ 118.8
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss	0.3	0.7
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer	211.4	197.3
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss	13.6	18.4
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months	145.0	128.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss	2.5	4.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer	2,061.0	2,035.1
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss	433.1	494.2
Foreign Governments
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months	50.5	149.9
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss	1.7	3.3
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer	320.5	312.9
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss	135.4	117.9
Public Utilities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months	243.6	373.7
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss	7.4	10.4
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer	1,651.5	1,720.6
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss	241.5	283.3
Mortgage/Asset-backed Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months	81.3	60.3
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss	0.2	2.5
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer	304.3	316.7
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss	16.2	21.5
All Other Corporate Bonds
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months	1,013.2	1,483.8
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss	9.6	26.8
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer	13,185.8	14,215.2
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss	1,512.6	1,780.5
Redeemable Preferred Stocks
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months	0.0	0.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss	0.0	0.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer	3.7	3.6
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss	0.3	0.4
Fixed Maturity Securities
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Unrealized Loss Position
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months	1,561.0	2,314.5
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, Less than 12 Months, Accumulated Loss	21.7	47.7
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer	17,738.2	18,801.4
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Continuous Unrealized Loss Position, 12 Months or Longer, Accumulated Loss	$ 2,352.7	$ 2,716.2

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Investments Distribution of the Maturity Dates for Fixed Maturity Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost, Net of Allowance for Credit Losses, Fiscal Year Maturity
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, Year One, Net	$ 1,289.6	$ 935.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, after Year One Through Five, Net	8,125.2	7,594.4
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, after Year 5 Through 10, Net	8,550.0	9,430.3
Debt Securities, Available-for-Sale, Amortized Cost, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, after Year 10, Net	20,001.1	19,790.7
Available for sale Securities Debt Maturities Amortized Cost Gross Subtotal, Net	37,965.9	37,750.4
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Maturity, without Single Maturity Date, Amortized Cost, Net	853.8	658.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Amortized Cost, Net of Allowance for Credit Losses	38,819.7	38,408.4
Available for Sale Securities Unrealized Gain Position Gross Gain
Available For Sale Securities Debt Maturities Within One Year Unrealized Gain Position Gross Gain	2.6	0.9
Available For Sale Securities Debt Maturities After One Through Five Years Unrealized Gain Position Gross Gain	180.7	128.2
Available For Sale Securities Debt Maturities After Five Through Ten Years Unrealized Gain Position Gross Gain	387.0	372.1
Available For Sale Securities Debt Maturities After Ten Years Unrealized Gain Position Gross Gain	754.7	678.1
Available For Sale Securities Debt Maturities Unrealized Gain Position Gross Gain Gross Subtotal	1,325.0	1,179.3
Available For Sale Securities Debt Maturities Without Single Maturity Date Unrealized Gain Position Gross Gain	13.2	10.1
Available for sale Securities, Debt Maturities Unrealized Gain Position Gross Gain	1,338.2	1,189.4
Available for Sale Securities Unrealized Loss Position Gross Loss
Available For Sale Securities Debt Maturities Within One Year Unrealized Loss Position Gross Loss	5.5	7.5
Available For Sale Securities Debt Maturities After One Through Five Years Unrealized Loss Position Gross Loss	126.9	179.0
Available For Sale Securities Debt Maturities After Five Through Ten Years Unrealized Loss Position Gross Loss	442.7	610.8
Available For Sale Securities Debt Maturities After Ten Years Unrealized Loss Position Gross Loss	1,782.9	1,942.6
Available For Sale Securities Debt Maturities Unrealized Gain Position Gross Loss Gross Subtotal	2,358.0	2,739.9
Available For Sale Securities Debt Maturities Without Single Maturity Date Unrealized Loss Position Gross Loss	16.4	24.0
Available For Sale Securities Unrealized Loss Position Gross Loss Subtotal	2,374.4	2,763.9
Fair Value Maturity Distribution
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Total	37,783.5	36,833.9
Available for Sale Securities Unrealized Gain Position Fair Value
Fair Value Maturity Distribution
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, within One Year, Fair Value	342.0	140.8
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, after One Through Five Years, Fair Value	3,864.2	2,685.7
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, after Five Through Ten Years, Fair Value	4,462.2	4,100.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, after 10 Years, Fair Value	9,350.9	8,524.4
Available for sale Securities Debt Maturities Fair Value Gross Subtotal	18,019.3	15,450.9
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Maturity, without Single Maturity Date, Fair Value	465.0	267.1
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Total	18,484.3	15,718.0
Available for Sale Securities Unrealized Loss Position Fair Value
Fair Value Maturity Distribution
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, within One Year, Fair Value	944.7	787.6
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, after One Through Five Years, Fair Value	4,314.8	4,857.9
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, after Five Through Ten Years, Fair Value	4,032.1	5,091.6
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Maturity, Allocated and Single Maturity Date, after 10 Years, Fair Value	9,622.0	10,001.8
Available for sale Securities Debt Maturities Fair Value Gross Subtotal	18,913.6	20,738.9
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Maturity, without Single Maturity Date, Fair Value	385.6	377.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Total	$ 19,299.2	$ 21,115.9

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Investments Distribution by External Credit Rating for Fixed Maturity Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale
Fixed Maturity Securities	$ 37,783.5	$ 36,833.9
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	1,338.2
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	$ 2,374.4
Fixed maturity securities in unrealized loss position percent of total	100.00%
External Credit Rating, Investment Grade
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale
Fixed Maturity Securities	$ 36,287.2
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	1,308.2
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	$ 2,308.8
Fixed maturity securities in unrealized loss position percent of total	97.20%
External Credit Rating, Below-Investment-Grade
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale
Fixed Maturity Securities	$ 1,496.3
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Gain, before Tax	30.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Accumulated Gross Unrealized Loss, before Tax	$ 65.6
Fixed maturity securities in unrealized loss position percent of total	2.80%

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Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Losses Rollforward (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss, Beginning Balance		$ 0.0	$ 2.2	$ 0.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Credit losses on securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded				0.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss, Change in allowance due to change in intent to hold securities to maturity		0.0		0.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss, Ending Balance	$ 2.9	0.0	2.9	0.0
All Other Corporate Bonds
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss, Beginning Balance	5.1		2.2
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Credit losses on securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded			2.9
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss, Change in allowance due to change in intent to hold securities to maturity	0.2		0.2
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss, Securities Sold	(2.4)	$ 0.0	(2.4)	$ 0.0
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Allowance for Credit Loss, Ending Balance	$ 2.9		$ 2.9

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Mortgage Loans by Property Type and Geographic Region (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	$ 2,238.9	$ 2,318.2
Mortgage Loans, Percent of Total	100.00%	100.00%
New England
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	$ 53.2	$ 55.1
Mortgage Loans, Percent of Total	2.40%	2.40%
Mid-Atlantic
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	$ 162.4	$ 155.1
Mortgage Loans, Percent of Total	7.30%	6.70%
East North Central
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	$ 294.0	$ 314.4
Mortgage Loans, Percent of Total	13.10%	13.60%
West North Central
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	$ 158.9	$ 163.5
Mortgage Loans, Percent of Total	7.10%	7.00%
South Atlantic
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	$ 537.1	$ 553.0
Mortgage Loans, Percent of Total	24.00%	23.80%
East South Central
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	$ 107.8	$ 110.7
Mortgage Loans, Percent of Total	4.80%	4.80%
West South Central
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	$ 195.5	$ 200.9
Mortgage Loans, Percent of Total	8.70%	8.70%
Mountain
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	$ 269.5	$ 282.7
Mortgage Loans, Percent of Total	12.00%	12.20%
Pacific
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	$ 460.5	$ 482.8
Mortgage Loans, Percent of Total	20.60%	20.80%
Apartment
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	$ 662.9	$ 685.8
Mortgage Loans, Percent of Total	29.60%	29.60%
Industrial
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	$ 684.2	$ 706.0
Mortgage Loans, Percent of Total	30.60%	30.50%
Office
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	$ 354.1	$ 379.9
Mortgage Loans, Percent of Total	15.80%	16.40%
Retail
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	$ 496.1	$ 503.9
Mortgage Loans, Percent of Total	22.10%	21.70%
Other Property
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	$ 41.6	$ 42.6
Mortgage Loans, Percent of Total	1.90%	1.80%

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Schedule of Participating Mortgage Loans by Internal Credit Rating and Loan to Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	$ 2,238.9	$ 2,318.2
Mortgage Loans, Percent of Total	100.00%	100.00%
Loan to Value Ratio Below or Equal to 65 Percent
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	$ 1,527.0	$ 1,409.9
Mortgage Loans, Percent of Total	68.20%	60.80%
Loan To Value Ratio Above 65 To 75 Percent
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	$ 481.6	$ 707.0
Mortgage Loans, Percent of Total	21.50%	30.50%
Loan To Value Ratio Above 75 To 85 Percent
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	$ 148.5	$ 136.5
Mortgage Loans, Percent of Total	6.60%	5.90%
Loan To Value Ratio Above 85 Percent
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	$ 81.8	$ 64.8
Mortgage Loans, Percent of Total	3.70%	2.80%
AA Credit Rating
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	$ 94.5	$ 85.2
Mortgage Loans, Percent of Total	4.20%	3.70%
A Credit Rating
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	$ 982.2	$ 942.5
Mortgage Loans, Percent of Total	43.90%	40.60%
BBB Credit Rating
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	$ 1,064.4	$ 1,249.5
Mortgage Loans, Percent of Total	47.50%	53.90%
BB Credit Rating
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	$ 97.8	$ 41.0
Mortgage Loans, Percent of Total	4.40%	1.80%

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Mortgage Loans, Sorted by Applicable Credit Quality Indicators (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	$ 2,238.9		$ 2,318.2
Loan to Value Ratio Below or Equal to 65 Percent
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	1,527.0		1,409.9
Loan To Value Ratio Above 65 To 75 Percent
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	481.6		707.0
Loan To Value Ratio Above 75 To 85 Percent
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	148.5		136.5
Loan To Value Ratio Above 85 Percent
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	81.8		64.8
Originated Five or More Years before Last Fiscal Year
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	1,574.9		1,317.6
Originated Four Years before Last Fiscal Year
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	155.2		334.8
Originated Three Years before Last Fiscal Year
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	331.4		164.9
Originated Two Years before Last Fiscal Year
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	87.8		347.1
Originated in Fiscal Year before Latest Fiscal Year
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	66.6		87.0
Originated in Current Fiscal Year
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	23.0		66.8
Commercial Real Estate
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Originated Five or More Years before Latest Fiscal Year	1,589.0		1,323.9
Financing Receivable, Originated Four Years before Latest Fiscal Year	155.7		336.1
Financing Receivable, Originated Three Years before Latest Fiscal Year	332.5		165.5
Financing Receivable, Originated Two Years before Latest Fiscal Year	88.1		348.1
Financing Receivable, Originated in Fiscal Year before Latest Fiscal Year	67.0		87.6
Financing Receivable, Originated in Current Fiscal Year	23.1		67.2
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	2,255.4		2,328.4
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Mortgage Loans	16.5		10.2
Commercial Real Estate | Loan to Value Ratio Below or Equal to 65 Percent
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Originated Five or More Years before Latest Fiscal Year	1,174.1		908.3
Financing Receivable, Originated Four Years before Latest Fiscal Year	113.7		197.7
Financing Receivable, Originated Three Years before Latest Fiscal Year	188.8		116.4
Financing Receivable, Originated Two Years before Latest Fiscal Year	15.6		145.2
Financing Receivable, Originated in Fiscal Year before Latest Fiscal Year	38.7		16.2
Financing Receivable, Originated in Current Fiscal Year	0.0		30.0
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	1,530.9		1,413.8
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Mortgage Loans	4.0	$ 3.7	3.8	$ 3.2	$ 3.3	$ 3.0
Commercial Real Estate | Loan To Value Ratio Above 65 To 75 Percent
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Originated Five or More Years before Latest Fiscal Year	231.2		252.1
Financing Receivable, Originated Four Years before Latest Fiscal Year	33.9		138.4
Financing Receivable, Originated Three Years before Latest Fiscal Year	94.9		40.8
Financing Receivable, Originated Two Years before Latest Fiscal Year	72.5		171.0
Financing Receivable, Originated in Fiscal Year before Latest Fiscal Year	28.3		71.4
Financing Receivable, Originated in Current Fiscal Year	23.1		37.2
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	483.9		710.9
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Mortgage Loans	2.2	3.3	3.8	4.4	4.8	4.7
Commercial Real Estate | Loan To Value Ratio Above 75 To 85 Percent
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Originated Five or More Years before Latest Fiscal Year	122.6		97.3
Financing Receivable, Originated Four Years before Latest Fiscal Year	8.1		0.0
Financing Receivable, Originated Three Years before Latest Fiscal Year	20.3		8.3
Financing Receivable, Originated Two Years before Latest Fiscal Year	0.0		31.9
Financing Receivable, Originated in Fiscal Year before Latest Fiscal Year	0.0		0.0
Financing Receivable, Originated in Current Fiscal Year	0.0		0.0
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	151.0		137.5
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Mortgage Loans	2.5	1.7	1.2	0.9	0.9	1.1
Commercial Real Estate | Loan To Value Ratio Above 85 Percent
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Originated Five or More Years before Latest Fiscal Year	61.1		66.2
Financing Receivable, Originated Four Years before Latest Fiscal Year	0.0		0.0
Financing Receivable, Originated Three Years before Latest Fiscal Year	28.5		0.0
Financing Receivable, Originated Two Years before Latest Fiscal Year	0.0		0.0
Financing Receivable, Originated in Fiscal Year before Latest Fiscal Year	0.0		0.0
Financing Receivable, Originated in Current Fiscal Year	0.0		0.0
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	89.6		66.2
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Mortgage Loans	7.8	$ 3.4	1.4	$ 1.7	$ 2.1	$ 0.5
Commercial Real Estate | Originated Five or More Years before Last Fiscal Year
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Mortgage Loans	14.1		6.3
Commercial Real Estate | Originated Four Years before Last Fiscal Year
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Mortgage Loans	0.5		1.3
Commercial Real Estate | Originated Three Years before Last Fiscal Year
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Mortgage Loans	1.1		0.6
Commercial Real Estate | Originated Two Years before Last Fiscal Year
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Mortgage Loans	0.3		1.0
Commercial Real Estate | Originated in Fiscal Year before Latest Fiscal Year
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Mortgage Loans	0.4		0.6
Commercial Real Estate | Originated in Current Fiscal Year
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Mortgage Loans	0.1		0.4
AA Credit Rating
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	94.5		85.2
AA Credit Rating | Commercial Real Estate
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Originated Five or More Years before Latest Fiscal Year	88.1		74.3
Financing Receivable, Originated Four Years before Latest Fiscal Year	0.0		11.0
Financing Receivable, Originated Three Years before Latest Fiscal Year	6.4		0.0
Financing Receivable, Originated Two Years before Latest Fiscal Year	0.0		0.0
Financing Receivable, Originated in Fiscal Year before Latest Fiscal Year	0.0		0.0
Financing Receivable, Originated in Current Fiscal Year	0.0		0.0
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	94.5		85.3
A Credit Rating
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	982.2		942.5
A Credit Rating | Commercial Real Estate
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Originated Five or More Years before Latest Fiscal Year	684.4		589.0
Financing Receivable, Originated Four Years before Latest Fiscal Year	92.6		100.3
Financing Receivable, Originated Three Years before Latest Fiscal Year	145.0		94.1
Financing Receivable, Originated Two Years before Latest Fiscal Year	24.3		100.1
Financing Receivable, Originated in Fiscal Year before Latest Fiscal Year	38.0		23.2
Financing Receivable, Originated in Current Fiscal Year	0.0		38.0
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	984.3		944.7
BBB Credit Rating
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	1,064.4		1,249.5
BBB Credit Rating | Commercial Real Estate
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Originated Five or More Years before Latest Fiscal Year	710.4		618.4
Financing Receivable, Originated Four Years before Latest Fiscal Year	63.1		224.8
Financing Receivable, Originated Three Years before Latest Fiscal Year	181.1		71.4
Financing Receivable, Originated Two Years before Latest Fiscal Year	63.8		248.0
Financing Receivable, Originated in Fiscal Year before Latest Fiscal Year	29.0		64.4
Financing Receivable, Originated in Current Fiscal Year	23.1		29.2
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	1,070.5		1,256.2
BB Credit Rating
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Mortgage Loans, Carrying Amount	97.8		41.0
BB Credit Rating | Commercial Real Estate
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Originated Five or More Years before Latest Fiscal Year	106.1		42.2
Financing Receivable, Originated Four Years before Latest Fiscal Year	0.0		0.0
Financing Receivable, Originated Three Years before Latest Fiscal Year	0.0		0.0
Financing Receivable, Originated Two Years before Latest Fiscal Year	0.0		0.0
Financing Receivable, Originated in Fiscal Year before Latest Fiscal Year	0.0		0.0
Financing Receivable, Originated in Current Fiscal Year	0.0		0.0
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss	$ 106.1		$ 42.2

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Mortgage Loans, Allowance for Credit Losses Rollforward (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss Rollforward, Mortgage Loans
Current Period Provisions	$ 4.5		$ (0.9)	$ 6.4	$ 0.9
Write-offs		$ 0.0		0.0
Commercial Real Estate
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss Rollforward, Mortgage Loans
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Beginning Balance		10.2		10.2
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Ending Balance	16.5			16.5
Commercial Real Estate | Loan to Value Ratio Below or Equal to 65 Percent
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss Rollforward, Mortgage Loans
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Beginning Balance	3.7	3.8	3.3	3.8	3.0
Current Period Provisions	0.3		(0.1)	0.2	0.2
Write-offs	0.0		0.0	0.0	0.0
Recoveries	0.0		0.0	0.0	0.0
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Ending Balance	4.0		3.2	4.0	3.2
Commercial Real Estate | Loan To Value Ratio Above 65 To 75 Percent
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss Rollforward, Mortgage Loans
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Beginning Balance	3.3	3.8	4.8	3.8	4.7
Current Period Provisions	(1.1)		(0.4)	(1.6)	(0.3)
Write-offs	0.0		0.0	0.0	0.0
Recoveries	0.0		0.0	0.0	0.0
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Ending Balance	2.2		4.4	2.2	4.4
Commercial Real Estate | Loan To Value Ratio Above 75 To 85 Percent
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss Rollforward, Mortgage Loans
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Beginning Balance	1.7	1.2	0.9	1.2	1.1
Current Period Provisions	0.8		0.0	1.3	(0.2)
Write-offs	0.0		0.0	0.0	0.0
Recoveries	0.0		0.0	0.0	0.0
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Ending Balance	2.5		0.9	2.5	0.9
Commercial Real Estate | Loan To Value Ratio Above 85 Percent
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss Rollforward, Mortgage Loans
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Beginning Balance	3.4	1.4	2.1	1.4	0.5
Current Period Provisions	4.4		(0.4)	6.4	1.2
Write-offs	0.0		0.0	0.0	0.0
Recoveries	0.0		0.0	0.0	0.0
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Ending Balance	7.8		1.7	7.8	1.7
Commercial Real Estate | Loan to Value Ratio Total
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss Rollforward, Mortgage Loans
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Beginning Balance	12.1	$ 10.2	11.1	10.2	9.3
Current Period Provisions	4.4		(0.9)	6.3	0.9
Write-offs	0.0		0.0	0.0	0.0
Recoveries	0.0		0.0	0.0	0.0
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Ending Balance	$ 16.5		$ 10.2	$ 16.5	$ 10.2

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Investments Remaining Contractual Maturity of Secruity Lending Agreements (Details) - Overnight and Continuous - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Transfer of Certain Financial Assets Accounted for as Secured Borrowings
Securities Loaned, Including Not Subject to Master Netting Arrangement and Assets other than Securities Transferred	$ 25.8	$ 63.1
Securities Loaned and Securities Sold under Agreement to Repurchase, Gross Including Not Subject to Master Netting Arrangement	25.8	63.1
Secured Borrowings, Gross, Difference, Amount	0.0	0.0
Public Utilities
Transfer of Certain Financial Assets Accounted for as Secured Borrowings
Securities Loaned, Including Not Subject to Master Netting Arrangement and Assets other than Securities Transferred	3.7	1.8
All Other Corporate Bonds
Transfer of Certain Financial Assets Accounted for as Secured Borrowings
Securities Loaned, Including Not Subject to Master Netting Arrangement and Assets other than Securities Transferred	$ 22.1	$ 61.3

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Investments Federal Home Loan Bank Carrying Amount, Collateral Posted and Advances Received (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Federal Home Loan Bank Carrying Value of Common Stock, Collateral Posted and Advances
Federal Home Loan Bank Common Stock	$ 25.6	$ 15.7
Federal Home Loan Bank, Advances	299.0	64.5
Federal Home Loan Bank, Collateral Posted to FHLB	1,541.3	1,575.8
Fixed Maturity Securities
Federal Home Loan Bank Carrying Value of Common Stock, Collateral Posted and Advances
Federal Home Loan Bank, Collateral Posted to FHLB	600.7	589.0
Commercial Mortgage Loans
Federal Home Loan Bank Carrying Value of Common Stock, Collateral Posted and Advances
Federal Home Loan Bank, Collateral Posted to FHLB	$ 940.6	$ 986.8

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Investments Schedule of Financial Instrument and Derivative Offsetting (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Offsetting Derivative Assets
Net Derivative Assets Reported in Balance Sheet	$ 110.1	$ 99.9
Offsetting Securities Loaned
Gross Securities Loaned	57.9	72.0
Assets Offsetting Securities Loaned in Balance Sheet	0.0	0.0
Net Securities Loaned Reported in Balance Sheet	57.9	72.0
Securities Given as Collateral on Securities Loaned	(32.1)	(8.9)
Cash Given as Collateral on Securities Loaned	(25.8)	(63.1)
Securities Loaned Net of Collateral	0.0	0.0
Offsetting Financial Assets
Gross Financial Assets	163.4	171.9
Financial Liabilities Offsetting Financial Assets in Balance Sheet	0.0	0.0
Net Financial Assets Reported in Balance Sheet	163.4	171.9
Securities Received as Collateral on Financial Assets	(135.0)	(100.8)
Cash Received as Collateral on Financial Assets	(28.1)	(69.5)
Financial Assets Net of Collateral	0.3	1.6
Offsetting Derivative Liabilities
Net Derivative Liabilities Reported in Balance Sheet	130.2	117.7
Offsetting Securities Borrowed
Gross Securities Borrowed	25.8	63.1
Liabilities Offsetting Securities Borrowed in Balance Sheet	0.0	0.0
Net Securities Borrowed Reported in Balance Sheet	25.8	63.1
Securities Received as Collateral on Securities Borrowed	(25.8)	(63.1)
Cash Received as Collateral on Securities Borrowed	0.0	0.0
Securities Borrowed Net of Collateral	0.0	0.0
Offsetting Financial Liabilities
Gross Financial Liability	156.0	179.3
Financial Assets Offsetting Financial Liabilities in Balance Sheet	0.0	0.0
Net Financial Liabilities Reported in Balance Sheet	156.0	179.3
Securities Given as Collateral on Financial Liabilities	(153.5)	(172.5)
Cash Given as Collateral on Financial Liabilities	0.0	0.0
Financial Liabilities Net of Collateral	2.5	6.8
Over the Counter
Offsetting Derivative Assets
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Gross Asset	105.5	99.9
Derivative Liabilities Offsetting Derivative Assets in Balance Sheet	0.0	0.0
Net Derivative Assets Reported in Balance Sheet	105.5	99.9
Securities Received as Collateral on Derivative Assets	(102.9)	(91.9)
Cash Collateral from Counterparties	(2.3)	(6.4)
Derivative Assets Net of Collateral	0.3	1.6
Offsetting Derivative Liabilities
Gross Derivative Liability	130.2	116.2
Derivative Assets Offsetting Derivative Liabilities in Balance Sheet	0.0	0.0
Net Derivative Liabilities Reported in Balance Sheet	130.2	116.2
Securities Given as Collateral on Derivative Liabilities	(127.7)	(109.4)
Cash Collateral to counterparties	0.0	0.0
Derivative Liabilities Net of Collateral	$ 2.5	$ 6.8

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Investments Investment Income (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Net Investment Income
Gross Investment Income, Operating		$ 548.2	$ 542.5	$ 1,643.5	$ 1,619.0
Less Investment Expenses		17.5	13.5	48.3	44.0
Less Investment Income on PFA Assets		2.9	3.0	8.8	9.1
Net Investment Income		527.8	526.0	1,586.4	1,565.9
Fixed Maturity Securities
Net Investment Income
Gross Investment Income, Operating		465.4	457.9	1,388.5	1,383.7
Derivatives
Net Investment Income
Gross Investment Income, Operating		8.1	11.6	25.0	34.5
Mortgage Loans
Net Investment Income
Gross Investment Income, Operating		22.0	22.9	66.6	69.8
Policy Loans
Net Investment Income
Gross Investment Income, Operating		5.7	5.4	16.3	15.6
Perpetual Preferred Securities
Net Investment Income
Gross Investment Income, Operating	[1]	0.0	0.4	0.3	2.2
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments		0.2	(0.4)		0.1
Private Equity Partnerships
Net Investment Income
Gross Investment Income, Operating	[2]	19.6	22.6	72.6	56.7
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments		25.3	29.7	87.6	72.6
Management Fee Expense		(5.7)	(7.1)	(15.0)	(15.9)
Other Long-term Investments
Net Investment Income
Gross Investment Income, Operating		3.4	2.6	8.5	7.1
Short-term Investments
Net Investment Income
Gross Investment Income, Operating		$ 24.0	$ 19.1	$ 65.7	$ 49.4

[1] The net unrealized gain (loss) recognized in net investment income for the three months ended September 30, 2024 related to perpetual preferred securities still held at September 30, 2024 was $0.2 million. The net unrealized gain (loss) recognized in net investment income for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 related to perpetual preferred securities still held at September 30, 2024 was de minimis. The net unrealized gain (loss) recognized in net investment income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 related to perpetual preferred securities still held at September 30, 2023 was $(0.4) million and $0.1 million, respectively.

[2] 2The net unrealized gain recognized in net investment income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 related to private equity partnerships still held at September 30, 2024 was $25.3 million and $87.6 million, respectively, reduced by net management fees and partnership expenses of $(5.7) million and $(15.0) million, respectively. The net unrealized gain recognized in net investment income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 related to private equity partnerships still held at September 30, 2023 was $29.7 million and $72.6 million, respectively, reduced by net management fees and partnership expenses of $(7.1) million and $(15.9) million, respectively. See Note 3 for further discussion of private equity partnerships.

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Investment Gains and Losses Reported in Consolidated Statements of Income (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Fixed Maturity Securities
Gross Gains on Sales	$ 1.1	$ 0.4	$ 1.1	$ 3.7
Gross Losses on Sales	(8.5)	(37.4)	(29.7)	(50.7)
Impairment Loss	(1.3)	0.0	(2.5)	0.0
credit losses	(0.2)	0.0	(3.1)	0.0
Other Investments
Gross Gains on Sales	0.4	0.0	9.7	6.0
Other Investments Gross Realized Losses	0.0	0.9	0.0	1.0
Impairment Loss	0.0	3.0	0.0	3.0
Current Period Provisions	4.5	(0.9)	6.4	0.9
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement	(0.8)	9.2	6.1	14.7
All Other Derivatives	(2.2)	2.0	(0.2)	2.0
Foreign Currency Transactions	3.1	(2.2)	0.5	(0.8)
Net Investment Loss	$ (12.9)	$ (31.0)	$ (24.5)	$ (30.0)

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Investments - Additional Information (Detail)	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) Integer	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) Integer	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) Integer	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) Integer	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Schedule of Investments
Other Long-term Investments	$ 1,682,800,000			$ 1,682,800,000		$ 1,579,400,000
Accrued Investment Income	$ 786,800,000			786,800,000		633,900,000
Write-offs		$ 0		$ 0
Financing Receivable, Modified, Weighted Average Term Increase from Modification	18 months			18 months
Gains (Losses) on Sales on Loan Foreclosure	$ 0		$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Commitments to Fund Commercial Mortgage Loans	28,500,000			28,500,000
Real Estate Investment Property, Net	60,800,000			60,800,000		64,400,000
Real Estate Held-for-sale	$ 40,900,000			$ 40,900,000		40,900,000
Repurchase agreements - Typical Days outstanding				30
Minimum percent of the fair value of securities loaned or securities purchased under repurchase agreements be maintained as collateral	102.00%			102.00%
Gross Securities Loaned	$ 57,900,000			$ 57,900,000		72,000,000.0
Outstanding Repurchase Agreements	0			0		0
Off Balance Sheet Amount
Schedule of Investments
Securities Received as Collateral	34,400,000			34,400,000		12,500,000
Cash Collateral for Borrowed Securities	25,800,000			25,800,000		63,100,000
Commercial Real Estate
Schedule of Investments
Financing Receivable, before Allowance for Credit Loss, Mortgage Loans	2,255,400,000			2,255,400,000		2,328,400,000
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses, Mortgage Loans	16,500,000			16,500,000		10,200,000
Accrued Investment Income	7,000,000.0			7,000,000.0		7,200,000
Financing Receivable, Modified in Period, Amount	14,200,000			14,200,000
Financing Receivable, Recorded Investment, 90 Days Past Due and Still Accruing	0			0		0
Impaired Financing Receivable, with No Related Allowance, Average Recorded Investment	$ 0		$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Financing Receivable, Modifications, Number of Contracts | Integer	0		0	0	0
Unfunded Mortgage Loan Commitments
Schedule of Investments
Allowance for Credit Losses, Unfunded Mortgage Loan Commitments	$ 100,000			$ 100,000		0
Variable Interest Entity, Not Primary Beneficiary
Schedule of Investments
Other Long-term Investments	1,428,300,000			1,428,300,000		1,326,500,000
Private Placement Fixed Maturity
Schedule of Investments
Fair Value Disclosure, off-Balance-Sheet Risks, Amount, Liability	38,000,000.0			38,000,000.0
Tax Credit Partnership | Variable Interest Entity, Not Primary Beneficiary
Schedule of Investments
Other Long-term Investments	300,000			300,000		300,000
Equity Method Investments | Variable Interest Entity, Not Primary Beneficiary
Schedule of Investments
Other Long-term Investments	$ 1,428,000,000			$ 1,428,000,000		$ 1,326,200,000
External Credit Rating, Investment Grade
Schedule of Investments
Number of Fixed Maturity Securities in an Unrealized Loss Position	835			835
Number of Fixed Maturity Securities in an Unrealized Loss Position Continuously for Over One Year	795			795
External Credit Rating, Below-Investment-Grade
Schedule of Investments
Number of Fixed Maturity Securities in an Unrealized Loss Position	58			58
Number of Fixed Maturity Securities in an Unrealized Loss Position Continuously for Over One Year	50			50

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Derivative Financial Instruments Nature and Amount of Collateral Received From and Posted To Our Derivative Counterparties (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Derivative
Derivative Asset, Fair Value, Amount Offset Against Collateral	$ 34.3	$ 37.4
Derivative Liability, Subject to Master Netting Arrangement, Deduction of Financial Instrument Not Offset	50.6	39.8
Cash
Derivative
Cash Collateral from Counterparties	3.4	11.1
Cash Collateral Posted to Counterparties	0.0	0.0
Fixed Maturity Securities
Derivative
Carrying Value of Fixed Maturity Securities Posted as Collateral to Counterparties	30.9	26.3
FMS Collateral Posted to Counterparties	$ 50.6	$ 39.8

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Derivative Financial Instruments Fair Value Hedges Carrying Amount of Hedged Assets and Liabilities and Cumulative Basis Adjustments (Details) - Interest Rate Swaps - Receive Fixed/Pay Fixed - Designated as Hedging Instrument - Fair Value Hedging - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures
Hedged Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Fixed Maturity Securities - at fair value (amortized cost of $38,822.6; $38,410.6; allowance for credit losses of $2.9; $2.2)	Fixed Maturity Securities - at fair value (amortized cost of $38,822.6; $38,410.6; allowance for credit losses of $2.9; $2.2)
Hedged Asset, Fair Value Hedge	$ 592.9	$ 529.2
Fixed Maturity Securities
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures
Hedged Asset, Fair Value Hedge, Cumulative Increase	$ (0.5)	$ (6.1)

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Location and Fair Values of Derivative Financial Instruments (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Derivative
Derivative, Notional Amount	$ 3,665.5	$ 2,983.7
Other Long-term Investments
Derivative
Asset Derivatives Fair Value	110.1	99.9
Other Liabilities
Derivative
Liability Derivatives Fair Value	130.2	117.7
Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative
Derivative, Notional Amount	3,358.7	2,697.0
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Cash Flow Hedging
Derivative
Derivative, Notional Amount	2,665.5	2,054.5
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Forwards | Cash Flow Hedging
Derivative
Derivative, Notional Amount	2,523.0	1,905.0
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Interest Rate Swaps | Cash Flow Hedging
Derivative
Derivative, Notional Amount	142.5	149.5
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Interest Rate Swaps | Fair Value Hedging
Derivative
Derivative, Notional Amount	693.2	642.5
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Long-term Investments
Derivative
Asset Derivatives Fair Value	103.4	96.9
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Long-term Investments | Cash Flow Hedging
Derivative
Asset Derivatives Fair Value	62.3	58.7
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Long-term Investments | Forwards | Cash Flow Hedging
Derivative
Asset Derivatives Fair Value	47.4	44.5
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Long-term Investments | Interest Rate Swaps | Cash Flow Hedging
Derivative
Asset Derivatives Fair Value	14.9	14.2
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Long-term Investments | Interest Rate Swaps | Fair Value Hedging
Derivative
Asset Derivatives Fair Value	41.1	38.2
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Liabilities
Derivative
Liability Derivatives Fair Value	113.4	99.0
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Liabilities | Cash Flow Hedging
Derivative
Liability Derivatives Fair Value	97.7	82.3
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Liabilities | Forwards | Cash Flow Hedging
Derivative
Liability Derivatives Fair Value	94.7	77.8
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Liabilities | Interest Rate Swaps | Cash Flow Hedging
Derivative
Liability Derivatives Fair Value	3.0	4.5
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Liabilities | Interest Rate Swaps | Fair Value Hedging
Derivative
Liability Derivatives Fair Value	15.7	16.7
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative
Derivative, Notional Amount	306.8	286.7
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Forwards
Derivative
Derivative, Notional Amount	54.6	52.5
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Interest Rate Swaps
Derivative
Derivative, Notional Amount	125.9	132.0
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Total Return Swap
Derivative
Derivative, Notional Amount	126.3	102.2
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement
Derivative
Derivative, Notional Amount	0.0	0.0
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Long-term Investments
Derivative
Asset Derivatives Fair Value	6.7	3.0
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Long-term Investments | Forwards
Derivative
Asset Derivatives Fair Value	2.1	3.0
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Long-term Investments | Interest Rate Swaps
Derivative
Asset Derivatives Fair Value	0.0	0.0
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Long-term Investments | Total Return Swap
Derivative
Asset Derivatives Fair Value	0.0	0.0
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Long-term Investments | Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement
Derivative
Asset Derivatives Fair Value	4.6	0.0
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Liabilities
Derivative
Liability Derivatives Fair Value	16.8	18.7
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Liabilities | Forwards
Derivative
Liability Derivatives Fair Value	0.5	0.2
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Liabilities | Interest Rate Swaps
Derivative
Liability Derivatives Fair Value	16.3	17.0
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Liabilities | Total Return Swap
Derivative
Liability Derivatives Fair Value	0.0	0.0
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument | Other Liabilities | Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement
Derivative
Liability Derivatives Fair Value	$ 0.0	$ 1.5

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Derivative Financial Instruments Location of Gains and Losses Designated as Hedging Instruments, Consolidated Statements of Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Net Investment Income	$ 527.8	$ 526.0	$ 1,586.4	$ 1,565.9
Net Investment Gain (Loss)	(12.9)	(31.0)	(24.5)	(30.0)
Interest and Debt Expense	49.2	48.6	148.6	145.6
Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives	(2.2)	2.0	(0.2)	2.0
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Interest Rate Swaps | Net Investment Income | Cash Flow Hedging
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Net Investment Income	21.1	49.7	91.3	148.2
Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives	3.7	8.3	14.5	27.7
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Interest Rate Swaps | Net Investment Gain (Loss) | Cash Flow Hedging
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Net Investment Gain (Loss)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.8
Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Interest Rate Swaps | Interest and Debt Expense | Cash Flow Hedging
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Interest and Debt Expense	0.7	0.7	2.2	2.2
Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Foreign Exchange Contracts | Net Investment Income | Cash Flow Hedging
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Net Investment Income	2.3	2.3	6.5	7.3
Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives	0.9	0.4	0.5	0.6
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Foreign Exchange Contracts | Net Investment Income | Fair Value Hedging
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Net Investment Income	4.9	3.9	13.4	10.3
Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives	4.2	3.1	11.5	6.7
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Foreign Exchange Contracts | Net Investment Gain (Loss) | Cash Flow Hedging
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Net Investment Gain (Loss)	(0.7)	(0.1)	(0.4)	(0.1)
Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives	0.7	0.0	0.5	0.1
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Foreign Exchange Contracts | Net Investment Gain (Loss) | Fair Value Hedging
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Net Investment Gain (Loss)	25.2	(15.2)	5.6	(8.7)
Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives	(25.2)	15.2	(5.6)	8.7
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Foreign Exchange Contracts | Interest and Debt Expense | Cash Flow Hedging
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Interest and Debt Expense	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Foreign Exchange Contracts | Interest and Debt Expense | Fair Value Hedging
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Interest and Debt Expense	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Forwards | Net Investment Income | Cash Flow Hedging
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Net Investment Income	10.7	3.9	29.6	7.7
Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives	(0.3)	(0.1)	(0.7)	(0.1)
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Forwards | Net Investment Gain (Loss) | Cash Flow Hedging
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Net Investment Gain (Loss)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Designated as Hedging Instrument | Forwards | Interest and Debt Expense | Cash Flow Hedging
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Interest and Debt Expense	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives	$ 0.0	$ 0.0	$ 0.0	$ 0.0

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Location of Gains and Losses on Derivative Instruments Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments (Detail) - Designated as Hedging Instrument - Cash Flow Hedging - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), before Reclassification and Tax	$ 64.8	$ (155.5)	$ (37.0)	$ (159.0)
Forwards
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), before Reclassification and Tax	66.0	(158.9)	(39.6)	(159.7)
Foreign Exchange Contracts
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Cash Flow Hedge, Gain (Loss), before Reclassification and Tax	$ (1.2)	$ 3.4	$ 2.6	$ 0.7

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Gains and Losses on Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives	$ (2.2)	$ 2.0	$ (0.2)	$ 2.0
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives	(3.0)	11.2	5.9	16.7
Foreign Exchange Contracts | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives	(2.2)	2.0	(0.2)	2.0
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives	(0.8)	9.2	6.1	14.7
Total Return Swap | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss)
Net Gain (Loss) on Derivatives	$ (5.4)	$ 4.1	$ (14.1)	$ (4.7)

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Derivative Financial Instruments - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Derivative
Credit Exposure on Derivatives	$ 0.3		$ 0.3		$ 1.6
Aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with credit risk-related contingent features in a liability position	130.2		130.2		116.2
Derivative, Notional Amount	3,665.5		3,665.5		2,983.7
Approximate amount of net deferred gains on derivative instruments expected to be amortized during the next twelve months			9.2
Component of Derivative Gain (Loss) Excluded from the Assessment of Hedge Effectiveness	8.2	$ (19.4)	9.5	$ (26.6)
Discontinued Hedge Accounting Due to Instrument No Longer Qualifying as Fair Value Hedge	0.0	$ 0.0	$ 0.0	$ 0.0
Maximum Length of Time Hedged in Cash Flow Hedge			39 years
Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative
Derivative, Notional Amount	3,358.7		$ 3,358.7		2,697.0
Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative
Derivative, Notional Amount	306.8		306.8		286.7
Cash Flow Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative
Derivative, Notional Amount	2,665.5		2,665.5		2,054.5
Interest Rate Swaps | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative
Derivative, Notional Amount	125.9		125.9		132.0
Interest Rate Swaps | Cash Flow Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative
Derivative, Notional Amount	142.5		142.5		149.5
Interest Rate Swaps | Fair Value Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative
Derivative, Notional Amount	693.2		693.2		642.5
Forwards | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative
Derivative, Notional Amount	54.6		54.6		52.5
Forwards | Cash Flow Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative
Derivative, Notional Amount	2,523.0		2,523.0		1,905.0
Total Return Swap | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative
Derivative, Notional Amount	126.3		126.3		102.2
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative
Derivative, Notional Amount	0.0		0.0		0.0
Receive Fixed/Pay Fixed | Interest Rate Swaps | Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative
Derivative, Notional Amount	125.9		125.9		132.0
Receive Fixed/Pay Fixed | Interest Rate Swaps | Cash Flow Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative
Derivative, Notional Amount	142.5		142.5		149.5
Receive Fixed/Pay Fixed | Interest Rate Swaps | Fair Value Hedging | Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivative
Derivative, Notional Amount	$ 693.2		$ 693.2		$ 642.5

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Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at Beginning of Period	$ (2,846.2)	$ (3,457.6)	$ (3,308.0)	$ (3,448.3)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications	109.6	282.8	552.8	278.0
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss	6.9	24.2	25.5	19.7
Net Other Comprehensive Income	116.5	307.0	578.3	297.7
Balance at End of Period	(2,729.7)	(3,150.6)	(2,729.7)	(3,150.6)
Net Unrealized Loss on Securities
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at Beginning of Period	(2,723.8)	(2,762.6)	(1,919.1)	(3,028.4)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications	1,225.8	(1,215.1)	401.1	(957.2)
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss	6.8	29.3	26.8	37.2
Net Other Comprehensive Income	1,232.6	(1,185.8)	427.9	(920.0)
Balance at End of Period	(1,491.2)	(3,948.4)	(1,491.2)	(3,948.4)
Effect of Change in Discount Rate Assumptions on the LFPB
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at Beginning of Period	712.3	0.1	(648.4)	313.9
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications	(1,239.3)	1,688.4	121.4	1,374.6
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Net Other Comprehensive Income	(1,239.3)	1,688.4	121.4	1,374.6
Balance at End of Period	(527.0)	1,688.5	(527.0)	1,688.5
Net Loss on Derivatives
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at Beginning of Period	(164.6)	(33.3)	(73.7)	(9.6)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications	58.8	(137.9)	(24.3)	(146.4)
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss	(3.1)	(6.5)	(10.9)	(21.7)
Net Other Comprehensive Income	55.7	(144.4)	(35.2)	(168.1)
Balance at End of Period	(108.9)	(177.7)	(108.9)	(177.7)
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at Beginning of Period	(328.4)	(327.1)	(321.1)	(390.1)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications	68.5	(55.1)	61.2	7.9
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Net Other Comprehensive Income	68.5	(55.1)	61.2	7.9
Balance at End of Period	(259.9)	(382.2)	(259.9)	(382.2)
Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at Beginning of Period	(341.7)	(334.7)	(345.7)	(334.1)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Reclassifications	(4.2)	2.5	(6.6)	(0.9)
Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income or Loss	3.2	1.4	9.6	4.2
Net Other Comprehensive Income	(1.0)	3.9	3.0	3.3
Balance at End of Period	$ (342.7)	$ (330.8)	$ (342.7)	$ (330.8)

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Schedule of Reclassifications Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Net Investment Loss	$ (12.9)	$ (31.0)	$ (24.5)	$ (30.0)
Impairment Loss	(1.3)	0.0	(2.5)	0.0
credit losses	0.2	0.0	3.1	0.0
Net Investment Income	527.8	526.0	1,586.4	1,565.9
Other Expenses	311.5	271.8	903.3	818.6
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	168.9	59.7	375.4	258.2
Net Income	645.7	202.0	1,430.4	953.2
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Net Unrealized Loss on Securities
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Net Investment Loss	(7.4)	(37.0)	(28.6)	(47.0)
Impairment Loss	(1.3)	0.0	(2.5)	0.0
credit losses	(0.2)	0.0	(3.1)	0.0
Income Before Income Tax	(8.9)	(37.0)	(34.2)	(47.0)
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	(2.1)	(7.7)	(7.4)	(9.8)
Net Income	(6.8)	(29.3)	(26.8)	(37.2)
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Net Loss on Derivatives
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Income Before Income Tax	4.0	8.2	13.8	27.5
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	0.9	1.7	2.9	5.8
Net Income	(3.1)	(6.5)	(10.9)	(21.7)
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Net Loss on Derivatives | Interest Rate Swaps
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Net Investment Income	3.4	8.3	13.8	27.6
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Net Loss on Derivatives | Foreign Exchange Contracts
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Net Investment Loss	0.6	0.0	0.1	0.1
Net Investment Income	0.0	(0.1)	(0.1)	(0.2)
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Amortization of Net Actuarial Loss
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Other Expenses	4.2	1.8	12.4	5.4
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Amortization of Prior Service Credit
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Other Expenses	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.1
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Unrecognized Pension and Postretirement Benefit Costs
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Income Before Income Tax	(4.1)	(1.8)	(12.2)	(5.3)
Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	(0.9)	(0.4)	(2.6)	(1.1)
Net Income	$ (3.2)	$ (1.4)	$ (9.6)	$ (4.2)

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Liability for Future Policy Benefit Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2024		Sep. 30, 2023		Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit [Roll Forward]
Future Policy Benefits		$ 39,444.5				$ 40,009.4
Operating Segments
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium [Roll Forward]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year		14,417.8		$ 12,426.2
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at beginning of period		14,243.2		12,695.3
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change						73.0	$ 1,499.2
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience						(151.9)	(121.8)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change						14,164.3	14,072.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Issuance		856.7		861.2
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Interest Income		481.8		430.8
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Net Premium Collected		(1,222.6)		(1,164.9)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Increase (Decrease) for Other Change		7.3		(0.1)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at end of period		14,287.5		14,199.7
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Tax		319.0		(709.0)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change		14,606.5		13,490.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit [Roll Forward]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, beginning of year		52,423.6		48,929.4
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, beginning of period		51,305.7		49,689.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change						(248.5)	1,702.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience						(355.6)	(356.4)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change						$ 50,701.6	$ 51,034.6
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Issuance	[1]	2,506.9		2,547.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense		1,707.3		1,670.3
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Benefit Payment		(4,078.4)		(4,106.1)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Increase (Decrease) for Other Change		121.0		19.6
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, end of period		50,958.4		51,165.4
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Tax		1,204.1		(3,111.7)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, end of year		52,162.5		48,053.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, before Other		37,556.0		34,563.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Other		1,655.7		1,703.3
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Other		39,211.7		36,266.3
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Reinsurance Recoverable, after Allowance		7,455.9		7,449.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, after Reinsurance		31,755.8		28,817.3
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Gross Premium Income		7,568.4		7,278.4
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense		1,225.5		1,239.5
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance		104,039.1		105,306.1
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance		39,394.1		38,581.4
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Discounted, before Reinsurance		$ 25,941.4		$ 25,435.2
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Interest Accretion Rate		4.90%		4.80%
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Current Weighted-Average Discount Rate		4.80%		5.60%		4.80%	5.00%
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Duration		11 years 6 months		11 years 6 months
Future Policy Benefits		$ 39,444.5		$ 36,502.4
Unum US
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium [Roll Forward]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year		2,431.4		2,071.1
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at beginning of period		2,486.9		2,166.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change						$ (58.7)	$ 185.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience						(77.4)	(111.8)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change						2,350.8	2,239.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Issuance		414.2		422.6
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Interest Income		69.7		57.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Net Premium Collected		(283.6)		(255.9)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at end of period		2,551.1		2,464.3
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Tax		(25.0)		(181.6)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change		2,526.1		2,282.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit [Roll Forward]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, beginning of year		11,752.5		11,698.2
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, beginning of period		11,949.5		12,177.3
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change						(197.2)	77.8
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience						(302.1)	(367.9)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change						11,450.2	11,887.2
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Issuance		1,669.2		1,707.4
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense		322.5		340.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Benefit Payment		(1,845.0)		(1,936.3)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, end of period		11,596.9		11,999.2
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Tax		(75.6)		(816.4)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, end of year		11,521.3		11,182.8
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, before Other		8,995.2		8,900.1
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Other		31.7		29.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Other		9,026.9		8,930.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Reinsurance Recoverable, after Allowance		200.8		200.3
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, after Reinsurance		8,826.1		8,729.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Gross Premium Income		4,906.6		4,679.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense		252.8		283.2
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance		17,640.3		17,943.5
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance		11,639.4		11,019.3
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Discounted, before Reinsurance		$ 8,034.8		$ 7,763.3
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Interest Accretion Rate		4.30%		4.20%
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Current Weighted-Average Discount Rate		4.30%		5.30%
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Duration		7 years 1 month 6 days		6 years 10 months 24 days
Future Policy Benefits	[2]	$ 9,026.9		$ 8,930.0
Unum International
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium [Roll Forward]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year		270.3		197.1
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at beginning of period		298.4		246.8
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change						(5.9)	(5.1)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience						15.1	12.2
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change						307.6	253.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Issuance		25.3		16.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Interest Income		8.7		6.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Net Premium Collected		(21.2)		(16.9)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Increase (Decrease) for Other Change		7.3		(0.1)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at end of period		327.7		260.7
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Tax		(27.9)		(37.6)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change		299.8		223.1
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit [Roll Forward]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, beginning of year		2,527.4		2,231.4
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, beginning of period		2,687.1		2,495.5
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change						0.1	17.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience						(13.4)	(9.2)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change						2,673.8	2,504.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Issuance	[3]	300.3		277.3
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense		51.3		47.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Benefit Payment		(326.4)		(307.5)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Increase (Decrease) for Other Change		121.0		19.6
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, end of period		2,820.0		2,541.1
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Tax		(214.9)		(297.1)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, end of year		2,605.1		2,244.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, before Other		2,305.3		2,020.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Other		43.1		30.3
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Other		2,348.4		2,051.2
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Reinsurance Recoverable, after Allowance		78.0		69.4
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, after Reinsurance		2,270.4		1,981.8
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Gross Premium Income		710.2		667.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense		42.6		40.8
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance		4,536.2		4,012.8
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance		1,335.6		1,035.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Discounted, before Reinsurance		$ 854.1		$ 676.8
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Interest Accretion Rate		4.10%		4.00%
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Current Weighted-Average Discount Rate		4.90%		5.40%
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Duration		8 years 10 months 24 days		8 years 7 months 6 days
Future Policy Benefits		$ 2,348.4		$ 2,051.2
Colonial Life
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium [Roll Forward]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year		3,592.6		3,745.4
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at beginning of period		3,754.3		4,046.4
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change		(7.9)		(322.7)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience						(57.0)	(77.1)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change						3,689.4	3,646.6
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Issuance		417.2		421.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Interest Income		101.4		94.3
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Net Premium Collected		(455.5)		(454.0)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at end of period		3,752.5		3,708.6
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Tax		(105.6)		(348.7)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change		3,646.9		3,359.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit [Roll Forward]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, beginning of year		5,566.0		5,581.1
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, beginning of period		5,925.2		6,163.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change		(52.7)		(402.9)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience						(84.2)	(90.1)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change						5,788.3	5,670.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Issuance		455.1		461.1
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense		172.2		161.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Benefit Payment		(458.4)		(462.1)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, end of period		5,957.2		5,830.9
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Tax		(303.5)		(731.9)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, end of year		5,653.7		5,099.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, before Other		2,006.8		1,739.1
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Other		25.1		24.3
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Other		2,031.9		1,763.4
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Reinsurance Recoverable, after Allowance		1.5		0.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, after Reinsurance		2,030.4		1,762.5
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Gross Premium Income		1,286.4		1,240.3
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense		70.8		66.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance		10,242.2		9,568.2
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance		12,450.4		11,847.5
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Discounted, before Reinsurance		$ 8,948.9		$ 8,684.1
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Interest Accretion Rate		4.40%		4.30%
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Current Weighted-Average Discount Rate		4.80%		5.70%
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Duration		17 years 3 months 18 days		16 years 10 months 24 days
Future Policy Benefits		$ 2,031.9		$ 1,763.4
Closed Block
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium [Roll Forward]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year		8,123.5		6,412.6
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at beginning of period		7,703.6		6,236.1
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change						145.5	1,641.3
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience						(32.6)	54.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change						7,816.5	7,932.3
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Interest Income		302.0		271.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Net Premium Collected		(462.3)		(438.1)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at end of period		7,656.2		7,766.1
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Tax		477.5		(141.1)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change		8,133.7		7,625.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit [Roll Forward]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, beginning of year		32,577.7		29,418.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, beginning of period		30,743.9		28,852.3
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change						1.3	2,009.4
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience						44.1	110.8
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change						30,789.3	30,972.5
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Issuance		82.3		101.2
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense		1,161.3		1,120.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Benefit Payment		(1,448.6)		(1,400.2)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, end of period		30,584.3		30,794.2
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Tax		1,798.1		(1,266.3)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, end of year		32,382.4		29,527.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, before Other		24,248.7		21,902.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Other		1,555.8		1,618.8
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Other		25,804.5		23,521.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Reinsurance Recoverable, after Allowance		7,175.6		7,178.3
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, after Reinsurance		18,628.9		16,343.4
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Gross Premium Income		665.2		690.5
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense		859.3		848.8
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance		71,620.4		73,781.6
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance		13,968.7		14,678.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Discounted, before Reinsurance		$ 8,103.6		$ 8,311.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Interest Accretion Rate		5.20%		5.20%
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Current Weighted-Average Discount Rate		4.90%		5.80%
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Duration		13 years		13 years 3 months 18 days
Future Policy Benefits	[2]	$ 25,804.5		$ 23,521.7
Other Products [Member]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit [Roll Forward]
Future Policy Benefits	[2]	232.8		236.1
Group Disability | Unum US
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium [Roll Forward]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year		0.0		0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at beginning of period		0.0		0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change						0.0	0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience						0.0	0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change						0.0	0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Issuance		0.0		0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Interest Income		0.0		0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Net Premium Collected		0.0		0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at end of period		0.0		0.0
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Tax		0.0		0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change		0.0		0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit [Roll Forward]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, beginning of year		5,147.4		5,533.3
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, beginning of period		5,277.1		5,793.1
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change						(76.4)	(100.2)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience						(152.4)	(187.8)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change						5,048.3	5,505.1
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Issuance		893.7	[4]	907.1	[5]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense		121.7		137.6
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Benefit Payment		(1,109.7)		(1,186.8)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, end of period		4,954.0		5,363.0
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Tax		(43.4)		(310.1)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, end of year		4,910.6		5,052.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, before Other		4,910.6		5,052.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Other		0.1		0.5
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Other		4,910.7		5,053.4
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Reinsurance Recoverable, after Allowance		26.8		32.8
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, after Reinsurance		4,883.9		5,020.6
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Gross Premium Income		2,294.8		2,210.4
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense		121.7		137.6
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance		6,001.5		6,474.2
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance		0.0		0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Discounted, before Reinsurance		$ 0.0		$ 0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Interest Accretion Rate		4.10%		4.00%
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Current Weighted-Average Discount Rate		4.30%		5.40%
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Duration		4 years 2 months 12 days		4 years 3 months 18 days
Group Life and AD&D | Unum US
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium [Roll Forward]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year		$ 0.0		$ 0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at beginning of period		0.0		0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change						0.0	0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience						0.0	0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change						0.0	0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Issuance		0.0		0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Interest Income		0.0		0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Net Premium Collected		0.0		0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at end of period		0.0		0.0
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Tax		0.0		0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change		0.0		0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit [Roll Forward]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, beginning of year		922.0		972.6
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, beginning of period		936.5		998.5
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change						(17.0)	0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience						(49.7)	(28.2)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change						869.8	970.3
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Issuance		333.3	[4]	356.1	[5]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense		14.3		15.8
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Benefit Payment		(357.8)		(402.1)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, end of period		859.6		940.1
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Tax		(6.3)		(35.6)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, end of year		853.3		904.5
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, before Other		853.3		904.5
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Other		0.8		1.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Other		854.1		905.5
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Reinsurance Recoverable, after Allowance		5.7		6.2
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, after Reinsurance		848.4		899.3
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Gross Premium Income		1,496.3		1,403.2
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense		14.3		15.8
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance		977.0		1,069.2
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance		0.0		0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Discounted, before Reinsurance		$ 0.0		$ 0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Interest Accretion Rate		2.30%		2.30%
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Current Weighted-Average Discount Rate		2.40%		3.10%
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Duration		2 years 6 months		2 years 8 months 12 days
Individual Disability | Unum US
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium [Roll Forward]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year		$ 1,296.7		$ 1,202.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at beginning of period		1,294.4		1,228.1
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change						(100.2)	5.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience						(5.3)	(13.6)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change						1,188.9	1,219.5
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Issuance		119.2		164.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Interest Income		39.8		36.3
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Net Premium Collected		(138.7)		(131.7)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at end of period		1,209.2		1,288.1
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Tax		16.7		(62.2)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change		1,225.9		1,225.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit [Roll Forward]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, beginning of year		3,348.6		3,192.8
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, beginning of period		3,313.9		3,244.5
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change						(155.4)	7.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience						(18.9)	(42.3)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change						3,139.6	3,210.1
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Issuance		127.1		173.8
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense		113.3		123.2
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Benefit Payment		(207.2)		(203.5)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, end of period		3,172.8		3,303.6
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Tax		65.8		(190.0)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, end of year		3,238.6		3,113.6
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, before Other		2,012.7		1,887.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Other		28.1		26.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Other		2,040.8		1,913.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Reinsurance Recoverable, after Allowance		154.6		148.1
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, after Reinsurance		1,886.2		1,765.6
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Gross Premium Income		494.2		474.2
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense		73.5		86.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance		5,082.2		5,292.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance		5,817.0		5,701.8
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Discounted, before Reinsurance		$ 4,180.2		$ 4,099.5
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Interest Accretion Rate		5.10%		5.10%
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Current Weighted-Average Discount Rate		4.60%		5.70%
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Duration		9 years 4 months 24 days		9 years 7 months 6 days
Voluntary Benefits | Unum US
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium [Roll Forward]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year		$ 1,134.7		$ 868.2
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at beginning of period		1,192.5		937.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change						41.5	180.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience						(72.1)	(98.2)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change						1,161.9	1,020.4
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Issuance		295.0		258.6
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Interest Income		29.9		21.4
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Net Premium Collected		(144.9)		(124.2)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at end of period		1,341.9		1,176.2
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Tax		(41.7)		(119.4)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change		1,300.2		1,056.8
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit [Roll Forward]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, beginning of year		2,334.5		1,999.5
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, beginning of period		2,422.0		2,141.2
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change						51.6	170.1
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience						(81.1)	(109.6)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change						2,392.5	2,201.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Issuance		315.1		270.4
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense		73.2		64.3
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Benefit Payment		(170.3)		(143.9)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, end of period		2,610.5		2,392.5
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Tax		(91.7)		(280.7)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, end of year		2,518.8		2,111.8
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, before Other		1,218.6		1,055.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Other		2.7		2.4
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Other		1,221.3		1,057.4
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Reinsurance Recoverable, after Allowance		13.7		13.2
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, after Reinsurance		1,207.6		1,044.2
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Gross Premium Income		621.3		592.1
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense		43.3		42.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance		5,579.6		5,107.4
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance		5,822.4		5,317.5
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Discounted, before Reinsurance		$ 3,854.6		$ 3,663.8
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Interest Accretion Rate		5.00%		5.00%
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Current Weighted-Average Discount Rate		4.90%		5.70%
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Duration		18 years 6 months		18 years 2 months 12 days
Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium [Roll Forward]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year		$ 0.0		$ 0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at beginning of period		0.0		0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change						0.0	0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience						0.0	0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change						0.0	0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Interest Income		0.0		0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Net Premium Collected		0.0		0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at end of period		0.0		0.0
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Tax		0.0		0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change		0.0		0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit [Roll Forward]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, beginning of year		7,880.0		8,218.8
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, beginning of period		8,094.6		8,630.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change						5.4	0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience						5.2	4.1
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change						8,105.2	8,634.8
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Issuance		82.3	[6]	101.2	[7]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense		261.6		270.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Benefit Payment		(738.6)		(776.0)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, end of period		7,710.5		8,230.0
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Tax		(129.2)		(687.0)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, end of year		7,581.3		7,543.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, before Other		7,581.3		7,543.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Other		1,556.5	[8]	1,606.0	[9]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Other		9,137.8		9,149.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Reinsurance Recoverable, after Allowance		7,171.4		7,173.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, after Reinsurance		1,966.4		1,975.3
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Gross Premium Income		143.6		169.3
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense		261.6		270.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance		11,281.4		12,109.6
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance		0.0		0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Discounted, before Reinsurance		$ 0.0		$ 0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Interest Accretion Rate		4.60%		4.60%
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Current Weighted-Average Discount Rate		4.70%		5.70%
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Duration		7 years 2 months 12 days		7 years 3 months 18 days
Long-term Care | Closed Block
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium [Roll Forward]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, balance beginning of year		$ 8,123.5		$ 6,412.6
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at beginning of period		7,703.6		6,236.1
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change						145.5	1,641.3
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience						(32.6)	54.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change						7,816.5	7,932.3
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Interest Income		302.0		271.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Net Premium Collected		(462.3)		(438.1)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, balance at end of period		7,656.2		7,766.1
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Tax		477.5		(141.1)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Net Premium, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change		8,133.7		7,625.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit [Roll Forward]
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, beginning of year		24,697.7		21,199.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, beginning of period		22,649.3		20,221.6
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) from Cash Flow Change						(4.1)	2,009.4
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Cumulative Increase (Decrease) of Actual Variance from Expected Experience						38.9	106.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Reinsurance, after Cash Flow Change						$ 22,684.1	$ 22,337.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Issuance		0.0		0.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense		899.7		850.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Benefit Payment		(710.0)		(624.2)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Original Discount Rate, before Cash Flow and Reinsurance, end of period		22,873.8		22,564.2
AOCI, Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Tax		1,927.3		(579.3)
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Discount Rate Change, end of year		24,801.1		21,984.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, before Other		16,667.4		14,359.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Other		(0.7)		12.8
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, before Reinsurance, after Other		16,666.7		14,372.7
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Reinsurance Recoverable, after Allowance		4.2		4.6
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, after Reinsurance		16,662.5		14,368.1
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Gross Premium Income		521.6		521.2
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Interest Expense		597.7		578.8
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Policy Benefit, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance		60,339.0		61,672.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Undiscounted, before Reinsurance		13,968.7		14,678.9
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Expected Future Gross Premium, Discounted, before Reinsurance		$ 8,103.6		$ 8,311.0
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Interest Accretion Rate		5.60%		5.60%
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Current Weighted-Average Discount Rate		5.00%		5.80%
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Weighted-Average Duration		15 years 10 months 24 days		16 years 7 months 6 days
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Adverse Development, Expense		$ 70.8		$ (215.5)

[1] 1Issuances include new policy issuances for most product lines. For our Unum US group disability, Unum US group life and AD&D and Closed Block - All Other product lines and certain of our Unum International product lines, this line represents new claim incurrals.

[2] 1Unum US excludes dental & vision and medical stop-loss product lines and Closed Block excludes our participating fund account, which represents policies issued by one of our subsidiaries prior to its 1986 conversion from a mutual stock life insurance company. The liabilities associated with these products are included within Other products.

[3] 1Issuances for Unum International primarily represent new claim incurrals.

[4] 1Issuances include new policy issuances for most product lines. Issuances for Unum US group disability and Unum US group life and AD&D represents new claim incurrals.

[5] 1Issuances include new policy issuances for most product lines. Issuances for Unum US group disability and Unum US group life and AD&D represents new claim incurrals.

[6] 1Issuances for Closed Block - All Other represents new claim incurrals.

[7] 1Issuances for Closed Block - All Other represents new claim incurrals.

[8] 2Other for Closed Block - All Other primarily includes our closed block group pension products and certain of our ceded closed block individual life products.

[9] 2Other for Closed Block - All Other primarily includes our closed block group pension products and certain of our ceded closed block individual life products.

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Policyholder Account Balance (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024		Sep. 30, 2023		Dec. 31, 2023
Policyholder Account Balance [Roll Forward]
Policyholders' Account Balances	$ 5,661.3				$ 5,667.7
Operating Segments
Policyholder Account Balance [Roll Forward]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, Beginning of Year	5,514.2		$ 5,598.6
Policyholder Account Balance, Premium Received	124.2		134.5
Policyholder Account Balance, Policy Charge	(170.8)	[1]	(181.0)	[2]
Policyholder Account Balance, Surrender and Withdrawal	(64.5)		(64.2)
Policyholder Account Balance, Benefit Payment	(167.9)		(204.1)
Policyholder Account Balance, Interest Expense	261.4		281.7
Policyholder Account Balance, Increase (Decrease) from Other Change	8.6		30.8
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	5,505.2		5,596.3
Policyholder Account Balance, Reserves in excess of Account Balance	156.1		148.2
Policyholders' Account Balances	5,661.3		5,744.5
Policyholder Account Balance, Reinsurance recoverable	4,124.3		4,199.3
Policyholder Account Balance, After reinsurance recoverable	$ 1,537.0		$ 1,545.2
Policyholder Account Balance, Weighted Average Crediting Rate	6.50%		6.90%
Policyholder Account Balance, Net Amount at Risk	$ 14,234.1	[3]	$ 15,308.7	[4]
Policyholder Account Balance, Cash Surrender Value	5,440.2		5,412.4
Unum US | Voluntary Benefits
Policyholder Account Balance [Roll Forward]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, Beginning of Year	578.6		586.8
Policyholder Account Balance, Premium Received	40.7		44.9
Policyholder Account Balance, Policy Charge	(42.9)	[1]	(45.8)	[2]
Policyholder Account Balance, Surrender and Withdrawal	(24.3)		(23.6)
Policyholder Account Balance, Benefit Payment	(4.8)		(7.5)
Policyholder Account Balance, Interest Expense	15.7		17.0
Policyholder Account Balance, Increase (Decrease) from Other Change	7.6		6.7
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	570.6		578.5
Policyholder Account Balance, Reserves in excess of Account Balance	104.4		99.2
Policyholders' Account Balances	675.0		677.7
Policyholder Account Balance, Reinsurance recoverable	0.8		1.0
Policyholder Account Balance, After reinsurance recoverable	$ 674.2		$ 676.7
Policyholder Account Balance, Weighted Average Crediting Rate	3.70%		4.00%
Policyholder Account Balance, Net Amount at Risk	$ 4,210.4	[3]	$ 4,600.0	[4]
Policyholder Account Balance, Cash Surrender Value	560.4		568.9
Colonial Life
Policyholder Account Balance [Roll Forward]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, Beginning of Year	852.9		852.4
Policyholder Account Balance, Premium Received	60.2		64.4
Policyholder Account Balance, Policy Charge	(54.2)	[1]	(56.3)	[2]
Policyholder Account Balance, Surrender and Withdrawal	(30.4)		(28.5)
Policyholder Account Balance, Benefit Payment	(6.0)		(5.6)
Policyholder Account Balance, Interest Expense	25.6		25.7
Policyholder Account Balance, Increase (Decrease) from Other Change	0.2		(0.2)
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	848.3		851.9
Policyholder Account Balance, Reserves in excess of Account Balance	14.5		16.6
Policyholders' Account Balances	862.8		868.5
Policyholder Account Balance, Reinsurance recoverable	0.0		0.0
Policyholder Account Balance, After reinsurance recoverable	$ 862.8		$ 868.5
Policyholder Account Balance, Weighted Average Crediting Rate	4.10%		4.10%
Policyholder Account Balance, Net Amount at Risk	$ 8,325.0	[3]	$ 8,901.6	[4]
Policyholder Account Balance, Cash Surrender Value	817.1		810.1
Closed Block | Other Insurance Product Line
Policyholder Account Balance [Roll Forward]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, Beginning of Year	4,082.7		4,159.4
Policyholder Account Balance, Premium Received	23.3		25.2
Policyholder Account Balance, Policy Charge	(73.7)	[1]	(78.9)	[2]
Policyholder Account Balance, Surrender and Withdrawal	(9.8)		(12.1)
Policyholder Account Balance, Benefit Payment	(157.1)		(191.0)
Policyholder Account Balance, Interest Expense	220.1		239.0
Policyholder Account Balance, Increase (Decrease) from Other Change	0.8		24.3
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	4,086.3		4,165.9
Policyholder Account Balance, Reserves in excess of Account Balance	37.2		32.4
Policyholders' Account Balances	4,123.5		4,198.3
Policyholder Account Balance, Reinsurance recoverable	4,123.5		4,198.3
Policyholder Account Balance, After reinsurance recoverable	$ 0.0		$ 0.0
Policyholder Account Balance, Weighted Average Crediting Rate	7.40%		8.00%
Policyholder Account Balance, Net Amount at Risk	$ 1,698.7	[3]	$ 1,807.1	[4]
Policyholder Account Balance, Cash Surrender Value	$ 4,062.7		$ 4,033.4

[1] 1Contracts included in the policyholder account balances are generally charged a premium and/or monthly assessments on the basis of the account balance.

[2] 1Contracts included in the policyholder account balances are generally charged a premium and/or monthly assessments on the basis of the account balance.

[3] 2For those guarantees of benefits that are payable in the event of death, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the current guaranteed minimum death benefit in excess of the current account balance at the balance sheet date.

[4] 2For those guarantees of benefits that are payable in the event of death, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the current guaranteed minimum death benefit in excess of the current account balance at the balance sheet date.

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Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Operating Segments
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	$ 5,505.2	$ 5,514.2	$ 5,596.3	$ 5,598.6
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating | Operating Segments
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	1,600.4		2,067.6
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0001 to 0050 | Operating Segments
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	3,841.3		3,501.6
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0051 to 0150 | Operating Segments
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	63.5		27.1
Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0151 and Greater | Operating Segments
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	0.0		0.0
Colonial Life
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	848.3	852.9	851.9	852.4
Colonial Life | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0400 and 0500
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	848.3		851.9
Colonial Life | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0400 and 0500 | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	842.0		845.8
Colonial Life | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0400 and 0500 | Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0001 to 0050
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	6.3		6.1
Colonial Life | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0400 and 0500 | Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0051 to 0150
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	0.0		0.0
Colonial Life | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0400 and 0500 | Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0151 and Greater
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	0.0		0.0
Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	4,086.3	4,082.7	4,165.9	4,159.4
Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	417.2		831.8
Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0001 to 0050
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	3,641.4		3,307.0
Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0051 to 0150
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	27.7		27.1
Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0151 and Greater
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	0.0		0.0
Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0300 and 0599
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	1,560.7		1,639.6
Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0300 and 0599 | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	415.9		431.3
Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0300 and 0599 | Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0001 to 0050
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	1,117.1		1,181.2
Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0300 and 0599 | Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0051 to 0150
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	27.7		27.1
Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0300 and 0599 | Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0151 and Greater
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	0.0		0.0
Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0600 and 0899
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	26.9		30.6
Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0600 and 0899 | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	1.3		2.1
Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0600 and 0899 | Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0001 to 0050
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	25.6		28.5
Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0600 and 0899 | Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0051 to 0150
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	0.0		0.0
Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0600 and 0899 | Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0151 and Greater
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	0.0		0.0
Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0900 and 1199
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	2,299.3		2,313.1
Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0900 and 1199 | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	0.0		398.4
Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0900 and 1199 | Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0001 to 0050
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	2,299.3		1,914.7
Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0900 and 1199 | Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0051 to 0150
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	0.0		0.0
Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0900 and 1199 | Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0151 and Greater
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	0.0		0.0
Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 1200 and 1500
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	199.4		182.6
Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 1200 and 1500 | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	0.0		0.0
Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 1200 and 1500 | Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0001 to 0050
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	199.4		182.6
Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 1200 and 1500 | Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0051 to 0150
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	0.0		0.0
Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 1200 and 1500 | Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0151 and Greater
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	0.0		0.0
Voluntary Benefits | Unum US
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	570.6	$ 578.6	578.5	$ 586.8
Voluntary Benefits | Unum US | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	341.2		390.0
Voluntary Benefits | Unum US | Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0001 to 0050
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	193.6		188.5
Voluntary Benefits | Unum US | Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0051 to 0150
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	35.8		0.0
Voluntary Benefits | Unum US | Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0151 and Greater
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	0.0		0.0
Voluntary Benefits | Unum US | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0300 to 0399
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	89.8		91.6
Voluntary Benefits | Unum US | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0300 to 0399 | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	89.8		91.6
Voluntary Benefits | Unum US | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0300 to 0399 | Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0001 to 0050
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	0.0		0.0
Voluntary Benefits | Unum US | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0300 to 0399 | Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0051 to 0150
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	0.0		0.0
Voluntary Benefits | Unum US | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0300 to 0399 | Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0151 and Greater
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	0.0		0.0
Voluntary Benefits | Unum US | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0400 and 0499
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	449.6		453.9
Voluntary Benefits | Unum US | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0400 and 0499 | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	220.2		265.4
Voluntary Benefits | Unum US | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0400 and 0499 | Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0001 to 0050
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	193.6		188.5
Voluntary Benefits | Unum US | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0400 and 0499 | Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0051 to 0150
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	35.8		0.0
Voluntary Benefits | Unum US | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0400 and 0499 | Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0151 and Greater
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	0.0		0.0
Voluntary Benefits | Unum US | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0500 and 0600
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	31.2		33.0
Voluntary Benefits | Unum US | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0500 and 0600 | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	31.2		33.0
Voluntary Benefits | Unum US | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0500 and 0600 | Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0001 to 0050
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	0.0		0.0
Voluntary Benefits | Unum US | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0500 and 0600 | Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0051 to 0150
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	0.0		0.0
Voluntary Benefits | Unum US | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0500 and 0600 | Policyholder Account Balance, above Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0151 and Greater
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, before Reserves in excess of Account Balance, End of Period	$ 0.0		$ 0.0
Minimum | Colonial Life | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0400 and 0500
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating	4.00%		4.00%
Minimum | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0300 and 0599
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating	3.00%		3.00%
Minimum | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0600 and 0899
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating	6.00%		6.00%
Minimum | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0900 and 1199
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating	9.00%		9.00%
Minimum | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 1200 and 1500
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating	12.00%		12.00%
Minimum | Voluntary Benefits | Unum US | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0300 to 0399
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating	3.00%		3.00%
Minimum | Voluntary Benefits | Unum US | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0400 and 0499
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating	4.00%		4.00%
Minimum | Voluntary Benefits | Unum US | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0500 and 0600
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating	5.00%		5.00%
Maximum | Colonial Life | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0400 and 0500
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating	5.00%		5.00%
Maximum | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0300 and 0599
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating	5.99%		5.99%
Maximum | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0600 and 0899
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating	8.99%		8.99%
Maximum | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0900 and 1199
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating	11.99%		11.99%
Maximum | Other Insurance Product Line | Closed Block | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 1200 and 1500
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating	15.00%		15.00%
Maximum | Voluntary Benefits | Unum US | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0300 to 0399
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating	3.99%		3.99%
Maximum | Voluntary Benefits | Unum US | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0400 and 0499
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating	4.99%		4.99%
Maximum | Voluntary Benefits | Unum US | Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate, Range from 0500 and 0600
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate [Line Items]
Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Credit Rating	6.00%		6.00%

XML

Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Movement Analysis of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
Deferred Acquisition Costs at Beginning of Year			$ 2,714.5
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs, Amortization Expense	$ (133.8)	$ (129.1)	(387.9)	$ (358.7)
Deferred Acquisition Costs at End of Period	2,823.5		2,823.5
Operating Segments
Movement Analysis of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
Deferred Acquisition Costs at Beginning of Year			2,714.5	2,560.0
Deferred Policy Acquisition Cost			495.3	467.5
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs, Amortization Expense			(387.9)	(358.7)
Deferred Policy Acquisition Cost, Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment and Other			1.6	(0.1)
Deferred Acquisition Costs at End of Period	2,823.5	2,668.7	2,823.5	2,668.7
Unum US
Movement Analysis of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
Deferred Acquisition Costs at Beginning of Year			1,232.2	1,185.1
Deferred Policy Acquisition Cost			247.4	230.6
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs, Amortization Expense			(216.7)	(199.2)
Deferred Policy Acquisition Cost, Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment and Other			0.0	0.0
Deferred Acquisition Costs at End of Period	1,262.9	1,216.5	1,262.9	1,216.5
Unum US | Group Disability
Movement Analysis of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
Deferred Acquisition Costs at Beginning of Year			63.6	61.0
Deferred Policy Acquisition Cost			48.1	44.7
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs, Amortization Expense			(46.8)	(42.1)
Deferred Acquisition Costs at End of Period	64.9	63.6	64.9	63.6
Unum US | Group Life and AD&D
Movement Analysis of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
Deferred Acquisition Costs at Beginning of Year			48.9	49.3
Deferred Policy Acquisition Cost			31.0	28.9
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs, Amortization Expense			(26.7)	(29.5)
Deferred Acquisition Costs at End of Period	53.2	48.7	53.2	48.7
Unum US | Voluntary Benefits
Movement Analysis of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
Deferred Acquisition Costs at Beginning of Year			610.6	601.0
Deferred Policy Acquisition Cost			93.2	85.2
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs, Amortization Expense			(88.4)	(79.5)
Deferred Acquisition Costs at End of Period	615.4	606.7	615.4	606.7
Unum US | Individual Disability
Movement Analysis of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
Deferred Acquisition Costs at Beginning of Year			497.8	464.4
Deferred Policy Acquisition Cost			63.9	62.6
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs, Amortization Expense			(45.3)	(40.2)
Deferred Acquisition Costs at End of Period	516.4	486.8	516.4	486.8
Unum US | Dental and Vision
Movement Analysis of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
Deferred Acquisition Costs at Beginning of Year			11.3	9.4
Deferred Policy Acquisition Cost			11.2	9.2
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs, Amortization Expense			(9.5)	(7.9)
Deferred Acquisition Costs at End of Period	13.0	10.7	13.0	10.7
Unum International
Movement Analysis of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
Deferred Acquisition Costs at Beginning of Year			46.9	37.0
Deferred Policy Acquisition Cost			13.2	10.8
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs, Amortization Expense			(7.3)	(6.1)
Deferred Policy Acquisition Cost, Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment and Other			1.6	(0.1)
Deferred Acquisition Costs at End of Period	54.4	41.6	54.4	41.6
Colonial Life
Movement Analysis of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs
Deferred Acquisition Costs at Beginning of Year			1,435.4	1,337.9
Deferred Policy Acquisition Cost			234.7	226.1
Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs, Amortization Expense			(163.9)	(153.4)
Deferred Policy Acquisition Cost, Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment and Other			0.0	0.0
Deferred Acquisition Costs at End of Period	$ 1,506.2	$ 1,410.6	$ 1,506.2	$ 1,410.6

XML

Premium Income by Major Line of Business within Each Segment (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Segment Reporting Information
Premium Income	$ 2,628.8	$ 2,525.9	$ 7,866.3	$ 7,494.3
Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information
Premium Income	2,628.8	2,525.9	7,866.3	7,494.3
Operating Segments | Unum US
Segment Reporting Information
Premium Income	1,723.5	1,657.7	5,161.8	4,908.7
Operating Segments | Unum US | Group Long-term Disability
Segment Reporting Information
Premium Income	522.1	518.5	1,560.3	1,539.3
Operating Segments | Unum US | Group Short-term Disability
Segment Reporting Information
Premium Income	271.3	256.5	810.7	753.0
Operating Segments | Unum US | Group Life
Segment Reporting Information
Premium Income	447.8	423.0	1,337.9	1,254.3
Operating Segments | Unum US | Accidental Death & Dismemberment
Segment Reporting Information
Premium Income	47.1	44.1	139.3	131.2
Operating Segments | Unum US | Voluntary Benefits
Segment Reporting Information
Premium Income	219.3	209.5	665.1	637.4
Operating Segments | Unum US | Individual Disability
Segment Reporting Information
Premium Income	140.4	136.7	424.6	386.7
Operating Segments | Unum US | Dental and Vision
Segment Reporting Information
Premium Income	75.5	69.4	223.9	206.8
Operating Segments | Unum International
Segment Reporting Information
Premium Income	246.6	210.6	707.1	607.1
Operating Segments | Unum International | Group Long-term Disability
Segment Reporting Information
Premium Income	106.6	101.1	312.4	297.5
Operating Segments | Unum International | Group Life
Segment Reporting Information
Premium Income	58.8	44.2	156.3	124.5
Operating Segments | Unum International | Supplemental
Segment Reporting Information
Premium Income	41.4	34.6	125.1	99.9
Operating Segments | Unum International | Unum Poland
Segment Reporting Information
Premium Income	39.8	30.7	113.3	85.2
Operating Segments | Colonial Life
Segment Reporting Information
Premium Income	441.9	431.2	1,335.0	1,291.3
Operating Segments | Colonial Life | Accident, Sickness, and Disability
Segment Reporting Information
Premium Income	240.6	236.7	725.5	708.0
Operating Segments | Colonial Life | Life
Segment Reporting Information
Premium Income	113.1	106.2	342.6	318.1
Operating Segments | Colonial Life | Cancer and Critical Illness Colonial
Segment Reporting Information
Premium Income	88.2	88.3	266.9	265.2
Operating Segments | Closed Block
Segment Reporting Information
Premium Income	216.8	226.4	662.4	687.2
Operating Segments | Closed Block | Long-term Care
Segment Reporting Information
Premium Income	173.7	172.1	521.5	521.2
Operating Segments | Closed Block | Other Insurance Product Line
Segment Reporting Information
Premium Income	$ 43.1	$ 54.3	$ 140.9	$ 166.0

XML

Selected Operating Statement Data by Segment (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Segment Reporting Information
Premium Income	$ 2,628.8	$ 2,525.9	$ 7,866.3	$ 7,494.3
Net Investment Income	527.8	526.0	1,586.4	1,565.9
Other Income	73.3	71.6	222.5	210.6
Adjusted Operating Revenue	3,229.9	3,123.5	9,675.2	9,270.8
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss)	501.8	490.2	1,539.5	1,478.1
Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information
Premium Income	2,628.8	2,525.9	7,866.3	7,494.3
Net Investment Income	527.8	526.0	1,586.4	1,565.9
Other Income	73.3	71.6	222.5	210.6
Adjusted Operating Revenue	3,229.9	3,123.5	9,675.2	9,270.8
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss)	501.8	490.2	1,539.5	1,478.1
Operating Segments | Unum US
Segment Reporting Information
Premium Income	1,723.5	1,657.7	5,161.8	4,908.7
Net Investment Income	161.0	166.2	476.1	481.5
Other Income	60.1	58.0	178.9	166.1
Adjusted Operating Revenue	1,944.6	1,881.9	5,816.8	5,556.3
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss)	363.3	357.8	1,106.0	1,013.4
Operating Segments | Unum International
Segment Reporting Information
Premium Income	246.6	210.6	707.1	607.1
Net Investment Income	30.4	27.3	94.5	104.0
Other Income	0.4	0.5	1.2	1.0
Adjusted Operating Revenue	277.4	238.4	802.8	712.1
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss)	40.3	36.8	120.2	118.7
Operating Segments | Colonial Life
Segment Reporting Information
Premium Income	441.9	431.2	1,335.0	1,291.3
Net Investment Income	39.6	39.3	119.4	114.6
Other Income	0.4	0.3	3.6	0.9
Adjusted Operating Revenue	481.9	470.8	1,458.0	1,406.8
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss)	113.4	102.9	344.0	312.3
Operating Segments | Closed Block
Segment Reporting Information
Premium Income	216.8	226.4	662.4	687.2
Net Investment Income	284.3	274.9	851.6	796.0
Other Income	12.4	12.8	37.7	40.1
Adjusted Operating Revenue	513.5	514.1	1,551.7	1,523.3
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss)	34.2	34.2	110.1	143.6
Operating Segments | Corporate
Segment Reporting Information
Premium Income	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Net Investment Income	12.5	18.3	44.8	69.8
Other Income	0.0	0.0	1.1	2.5
Adjusted Operating Revenue	12.5	18.3	45.9	72.3
Adjusted Operating Income (Loss)	$ (49.4)	$ (41.5)	$ (140.8)	$ (109.9)

XML

Assets by Segment (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Segment Reporting Information
Total Assets	$ 64,140.5	$ 63,255.2
Operating Segments | Unum US
Segment Reporting Information
Total Assets	15,365.4	15,561.1
Operating Segments | Unum International
Segment Reporting Information
Total Assets	3,569.4	3,372.9
Operating Segments | Colonial Life
Segment Reporting Information
Total Assets	4,994.2	4,830.4
Operating Segments | Closed Block
Segment Reporting Information
Total Assets	35,527.4	35,272.8
Operating Segments | Corporate
Segment Reporting Information
Total Assets	$ 4,684.1	$ 4,218.0

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Reconciliation of Total Revenue and Income Before Income Tax to Operating Revenue and Operating Income (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated
Total Revenue	$ 3,217.0	$ 3,092.5	$ 9,650.7	$ 9,240.8
Net Investment Loss	(12.9)	(31.0)	(24.5)	(30.0)
Adjusted Operating Revenue	3,229.9	3,123.5	9,675.2	9,270.8
Income Before Income Tax	814.6	261.7	1,805.8	1,211.4
Reserve Assumption Updates	357.4	(177.2)	357.4	(177.2)
Litigation Settlement, Loss	(15.3)	0.0	(15.3)	0.0
Adjusted Operating Income	501.8	490.2	1,539.5	1,478.1
Closed Block Individual Disability Reinsurance Transaction
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated
Amortization of the Cost of Reinsurance	(10.4)	(11.1)	(31.1)	(33.1)
Non-Contemporaneous Reinsurance	$ (6.0)	$ (9.2)	$ (20.2)	$ (26.4)

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Segment Information Segments - Additional Information (Detail)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 Integer
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of Operating Segments	3

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Employee Benefit Plans Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Pension Plan | UNITED STATES
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
Service Cost	$ 2.3	$ 2.3	$ 6.9	$ 6.9
Interest Cost	20.7	22.0	62.1	66.0
Expected Return on Plan Assets	(22.8)	(23.0)	(68.4)	(69.1)
Amortization of Net Actuarial (Gain) Loss	3.7	3.8	11.0	11.4
Amortization of Prior Service Credit	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit)	3.9	5.1	11.6	15.2
Pension Plan | UNITED KINGDOM
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
Service Cost	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Interest Cost	1.9	1.9	5.7	5.7
Expected Return on Plan Assets	(2.1)	(2.1)	(6.3)	(6.3)
Amortization of Net Actuarial (Gain) Loss	0.7	0.6	2.2	1.9
Amortization of Prior Service Credit	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit)	0.5	0.4	1.6	1.3
Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
Service Cost	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Interest Cost	1.0	1.1	3.0	3.4
Expected Return on Plan Assets	(0.1)	(0.2)	(0.3)	(0.4)
Amortization of Net Actuarial (Gain) Loss	(0.2)	(2.6)	(0.8)	(7.9)
Amortization of Prior Service Credit	(0.1)	0.0	(0.2)	(0.1)
Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit)	$ 0.6	$ (1.7)	$ 1.7	$ (5.0)

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Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024		Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024		Sep. 30, 2023
Numerator
Net Income	$ 645.7		$ 202.0	$ 1,430.4		$ 953.2
Denominator
Weighted Average Common Shares - Basic	186,400,700		196,083,200	189,665,100		197,289,500
Dilution for Assumed Exercises of Stock Options and Nonvested Stock Awards	481,700		1,048,600	544,600		1,005,600
Weighted Average Common Shares - Assuming Dilution	186,882,400		197,131,800	190,209,700		198,295,100
Net Income Per Common Share
Basic	$ 3.46		$ 1.03	$ 7.54		$ 4.83
Assuming Dilution	$ 3.46		$ 1.02	$ 7.52		$ 4.81
Cost of Shares Repurchased	$ 202.0	[1]	$ 74.8	$ 504.8	[1]	$ 175.4

[1] 1Includes a de minimis amount of commissions for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and a de minimis amount and $0.1 million of commissions for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. Also includes $2.0 million and $4.8 million of excise tax for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $0.7 million and $1.2 million of excise tax for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

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Treasury Stock Transactions (Details) - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Oct. 02, 2024	Jul. 02, 2024	Apr. 02, 2024	Jan. 03, 2024	Jul. 05, 2023
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock
Number of Treasury Shares Repurchased	3.7	1.5	9.7	3.9
Commissions Paid on Stock Repurchases				$ 0.1
Share Repurchases Excise Tax	2.0	$ 0.7	4.8	$ 1.2
October 2024 Accelerated Share Repurchase | Subsequent Event
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock
ASR prepayment amount					$ 150.0
July 2024 Accelerated Share Repurchase
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock
ASR prepayment amount						$ 150.0
April 2024 Accelerated Share Repurchase
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock
ASR prepayment amount							$ 125.0
January 2024 Accelerated Share Repurchase
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock
ASR prepayment amount								$ 100.0
July 2023 Accelerated Share Repurhcase
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock
ASR prepayment amount									$ 50.0
Repurchase Program Authorized in December 2022
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock
Authorized Amount of Treasury Share Repurchases Under Stock Repurchase Program	250.0		250.0
Remaining Amount of Treasury Share Repurchases Authorized Under Stock Repurchase Program	0.0		$ 0.0
Expiration Date of Share Repurchase Program Authorized in October 2021			Dec. 31, 2023
Repurchase Program Authorized in October 2023
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock
Authorized Amount of Treasury Share Repurchases Under Stock Repurchase Program	500.0		$ 500.0
Remaining Amount of Treasury Share Repurchases Authorized Under Stock Repurchase Program	0.0		$ 0.0
Expiration Date of Share Repurchase Program Authorized in October 2021			Jul. 31, 2024
Repurchase Program Authorized in July 2024
Equity, Class of Treasury Stock
Authorized Amount of Treasury Share Repurchases Under Stock Repurchase Program	1,000.0		$ 1,000.0
Remaining Amount of Treasury Share Repurchases Authorized Under Stock Repurchase Program	$ 964.2		$ 964.2

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Stockholders' Equity and Earnings Per Common Share - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024		Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024		Sep. 30, 2023
Stockholders Equity and Earnings Per Common Share Additional Information [Abstract]
Outstanding Restricted Stock and Stock Success Unit Grant Prices Lower Limit	$ 18.78			$ 18.78
Outstanding Restricted Stock and Stock Success Unit Grant Prices Upper Limit	$ 52.40			$ 52.40
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share				200,000		400,000
Cost of Shares Repurchased	$ 202.0	[1]	$ 74.8	$ 504.8	[1]	$ 175.4
Number of Treasury Shares Repurchased	3,700,000		1,500,000	9,700,000		3,900,000
Authorized Shares of Preferred Stock	25,000,000.0			25,000,000.0
Par Value Per Share of Preferred Stock	$ 0.10			$ 0.10
Issued Shares of Preferred Stock	0			0

[1] 1Includes a de minimis amount of commissions for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and a de minimis amount and $0.1 million of commissions for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. Also includes $2.0 million and $4.8 million of excise tax for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $0.7 million and $1.2 million of excise tax for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

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Loss on Legal Settlement (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Loss Contingencies
Litigation Settlement, Loss	$ 15.3	$ 0.0	$ 15.3	$ 0.0
Other Expense
Loss Contingencies
Litigation Settlement, Loss			10.4
Compensation Expense
Loss Contingencies
Litigation Settlement, Loss			$ 4.9

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Debt - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Oct. 28, 2024
Five-Year $350 million Term Loan Facility
Debt Additional Information
Extinguishment of Debt, Amount	$ 350.0
6.000% Senior Notes due 2054
Debt Additional Information
Stated Interest Rate of Debt	6.00%
6.000% Senior Notes due 2054 | Senior Notes
Debt Additional Information
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 400.0
4.046% Senior Notes due 2041 | Subsequent Event
Debt Additional Information
Debt Instrument, Face Amount		$ 400.0
Stated Interest Rate of Debt		4.046%

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Allowance for Expected Credit Losses on Premiums Receivable (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Credit Loss [Abstract]
Premium Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss	$ 29.7	$ 27.1	$ 29.7	$ 26.8	$ 29.5	$ 28.7	$ 32.5
Premiums Receivable, Gross	626.6	630.4	626.6	$ 659.8	$ 612.4	$ 660.3	$ 557.6
Premium Receivable, Credit Loss Expense (Reversal)	$ 1.0	$ (2.4)	$ (2.8)