Financial Services, Insurance (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Insurance [Abstract]

Liability for Future Policy Benefit, Activity

The following table presents balances as well as the changes in the liability for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products.

	Consolidated
	December 31
	2023		2022		2021
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	12,426.2	$	15,881.3	$	17,095.9
Beginning balance at original discount rate	12,695.3		13,186.2		13,623.5
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	1,499.2		(101.9)		(177.1)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(82.5)		(269.6)		(328.3)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	14,112.0		12,814.7		13,118.1
Issuances	1,054.9		877.5		1,083.9
Interest accretion	584.0		566.0		631.9
Net premiums collected	(1,537.4)		(1,542.3)		(1,627.4)
Foreign currency	29.7		(20.6)		(20.3)
Ending balance at original discount rate	14,243.2		12,695.3		13,186.2
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	174.6		(269.1)		2,695.1
Balance, end of period	$	14,417.8	$	12,426.2	$	15,881.3
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	48,929.4	$	65,305.0	$	69,530.5
Beginning balance at original discount rate	49,689.0		50,397.2		50,752.4
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	1,702.0		(92.4)		(379.9)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(310.8)		(535.1)		(635.9)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	51,080.2		49,769.7		49,736.6
Issuances1	3,072.2		3,194.5		3,675.0
Interest accretion	2,227.2		2,236.2		2,359.6
Benefit payments	(5,236.1)		(5,231.0)		(5,315.7)
Foreign currency	162.2		(280.4)		(58.3)
Ending balance at original discount rate	51,305.7		49,689.0		50,397.2
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	1,117.9		(759.6)		14,907.8
Balance, end of period	$	52,423.6	$	48,929.4	$	65,305.0
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	38,005.8	$	36,503.2	$	49,423.7
Other	1,753.3		1,854.5		2,355.9
Total liability for future policy benefits	39,759.1		38,357.7		51,779.6
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	7,756.1		8,128.2		10,348.2
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	32,003.0	$	30,229.5	$	41,431.4
1Issuances include new policy issuances for most product lines. For our Unum US group disability, Unum US group life and AD&D and Closed Block - All Other product lines and certain of our Unum International product lines, this line represents new claim incurrals.

The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products presented in the rollforward activity above.

	Consolidated
	Year Ended December 31
	2023		2022		2021
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	9,690.7	$	9,391.8	$	9,263.4
Interest accretion	$	1,643.2	$	1,670.2	$	1,727.7

	Consolidated
	December 31
	2023			2022			2021
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	105,325.8		$	97,060.7		$	98,574.9
Expected future gross premiums	$	38,761.5		$	35,299.8		$	35,296.0
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	25,552.9		$	23,827.2		$	23,821.7
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	4.8		%	4.8		%	4.8		%
Current discount rate	4.8		%	5.0		%	2.5		%
Weighted average duration of the liability	11.5 years			10.9 years			10.9 years

The following table presents the balances and changes in the reserves for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products in the Unum US segment.

	December 31, 2023
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Voluntary Benefits		Individual Disability		Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	—	$	—	$	868.2	$	1,202.9	$	2,071.1
Beginning balance at original discount rate	—		—		937.9		1,228.1		2,166.0
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	—		—		180.7		5.0		185.7
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	—		—		(79.8)		(10.4)		(90.2)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	—		—		1,038.8		1,222.7		2,261.5
Issuances	—		—		288.6		197.9		486.5
Interest accretion	—		—		29.0		48.2		77.2
Net premiums collected	—		—		(163.9)		(174.4)		(338.3)
Ending balance at original discount rate	—		—		1,192.5		1,294.4		2,486.9
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	—		—		(57.8)		2.3		(55.5)
Balance, end of period	$	—	$	—	$	1,134.7	$	1,296.7	$	2,431.4
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	5,533.3	$	972.6	$	1,999.5	$	3,192.8	$	11,698.2
Beginning balance at original discount rate	5,793.1		998.5		2,141.2		3,244.5		12,177.3
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(100.2)		—		170.1		7.9		77.8
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(204.0)		(37.0)		(90.9)		(45.3)		(377.2)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	5,488.9		961.5		2,220.4		3,207.1		11,877.9
Issuances1	1,094.5		394.2		303.7		215.3		2,007.7
Interest accretion	171.2		20.0		86.2		164.7		442.1
Benefit payments	(1,477.5)		(439.2)		(188.3)		(273.2)		(2,378.2)
Ending balance at original discount rate	5,277.1		936.5		2,422.0		3,313.9		11,949.5
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(129.7)		(14.5)		(87.5)		34.7		(197.0)
Balance, end of period	$	5,147.4	$	922.0	$	2,334.5	$	3,348.6	$	11,752.5
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	5,147.4	$	922.0	$	1,199.8	$	2,051.9	$	9,321.1
Other	0.2		1.0		2.6		27.8		31.6
Total liability for future policy benefits	5,147.6		923.0		1,202.4		2,079.7		9,352.7
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	30.7		7.2		14.0		156.7		208.6
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	5,116.9	$	915.8	$	1,188.4	$	1,923.0	$	9,144.1
1Issuances include new policy issuances for most product lines. Issuances for Unum US group disability and Unum US group life and AD&D represents new claim incurrals.

	December 31, 2022
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Voluntary Benefits		Individual Disability		Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	—	$	—	$	1,124.8	$	1,494.3	$	2,619.1
Beginning balance at original discount rate	—		—		1,032.3		1,279.6		2,311.9
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	—		—		(23.4)		(73.7)		(97.1)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	—		—		(70.9)		(25.2)		(96.1)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	—		—		938.0		1,180.7		2,118.7
Issuances	—		—		136.2		168.6		304.8
Interest accretion	—		—		29.1		49.8		78.9
Net premiums collected	—		—		(165.4)		(171.0)		(336.4)
Ending balance at original discount rate	—		—		937.9		1,228.1		2,166.0
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	—		—		(69.7)		(25.2)		(94.9)
Balance, end of period	$	—	$	—	$	868.2	$	1,202.9	$	2,071.1
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	6,725.7	$	1,124.1	$	2,697.3	$	4,017.3	$	14,564.4
Beginning balance at original discount rate	6,158.3		1,058.3		2,201.8		3,253.3		12,671.7
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(102.0)		(32.9)		(39.9)		(53.4)		(228.2)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(239.4)		(34.3)		(74.9)		(36.0)		(384.6)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	5,816.9		991.1		2,087.0		3,163.9		12,058.9
Issuances1	1,304.3		444.1		154.0		181.4		2,083.8
Interest accretion	210.5		24.5		86.1		155.3		476.4
Benefit payments	(1,538.6)		(461.2)		(185.9)		(256.1)		(2,441.8)
Ending balance at original discount rate	5,793.1		998.5		2,141.2		3,244.5		12,177.3
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(259.8)		(25.9)		(141.7)		(51.7)		(479.1)
Balance, end of period	$	5,533.3	$	972.6	$	1,999.5	$	3,192.8	$	11,698.2
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	5,533.3	$	972.6	$	1,131.3	$	1,989.9	$	9,627.1
Other	0.4		0.9		15.6		24.7		41.6
Total liability for future policy benefits	5,533.7		973.5		1,146.9		2,014.6		9,668.7
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	36.0		7.5		14.1		193.6		251.2
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	5,497.7	$	966.0	$	1,132.8	$	1,821.0	$	9,417.5
1Issuances include new policy issuances for most product lines. Issuances for Unum US group disability and Unum US group life and AD&D represents new claim incurrals.

	December 31, 2021
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Voluntary Benefits		Individual Disability		Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	—	$	—	$	1,239.3	$	1,514.2	$	2,753.5
Beginning balance at original discount rate	—		—		1,146.9		1,208.8		$	2,355.7
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	—		—		(29.6)		(18.9)		$	(48.5)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	—		—		(117.5)		(10.4)		$	(127.9)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	—		—		999.8		1,179.5		$	2,179.3
Issuances	—		—		196.5		211.3		$	407.8
Interest accretion	—		—		38.3		57.9		$	96.2
Net premiums collected	—		—		(202.3)		(169.1)		$	(371.4)
Ending balance at original discount rate	—		—		1,032.3		1,279.6		$	2,311.9
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	—		—		92.5		214.7		$	307.2
Balance, end of period	$	—	$	—	$	1,124.8	$	1,494.3	$	2,619.1
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	7,281.3	$	1,126.3	$	2,768.1	$	4,226.9	$	15,402.6
Beginning balance at original discount rate	6,369.4		1,034.4		2,272.6		3,197.6		12,874.0
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(186.0)		—		(40.3)		(22.9)		(249.2)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(229.3)		4.0		(136.5)		(42.3)		(404.1)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	5,954.1		1,038.4		2,095.8		3,132.4		12,220.7
Issuances1	1,471.4		467.5		220.6		222.5		2,382.0
Interest accretion	241.5		34.9		96.9		158.5		531.8
Benefit payments	(1,508.7)		(482.5)		(211.5)		(260.1)		(2,462.8)
Ending balance at original discount rate	6,158.3		1,058.3		2,201.8		3,253.3		12,671.7
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	567.4		65.8		495.5		764.0		1,892.7
Balance, end of period	$	6,725.7	$	1,124.1	$	2,697.3	$	4,017.3	$	14,564.4
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	6,725.7	$	1,124.1	$	1,572.5	$	2,523.0	$	11,945.3
Other	0.5		1.2		14.0		59.0		74.7
Total liability for future policy benefits	6,726.2		1,125.3		1,586.5		2,582.0		12,020.0
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	40.9		4.4		31.2		231.9		308.4
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	6,685.3	$	1,120.9	$	1,555.3	$	2,350.1	$	11,711.6
1Issuances include new policy issuances for most product lines. Issuances for Unum US group disability and Unum US group life and AD&D represents new claim incurrals.

The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products in the Unum US segment presented in the rollforward activity above.

	Year Ended December 31, 2023
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Voluntary Benefits		Individual Disability		Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	2,958.7	$	1,878.0	$	789.9	$	636.6	$	6,263.2
Interest accretion	$	171.2	$	20.0	$	57.2	$	116.5	$	364.9

	Year Ended December 31, 2022
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Voluntary Benefits		Individual Disability		Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	2,791.7	$	1,864.9	$	773.6	$	591.5	$	6,021.7
Interest accretion	$	210.5	$	24.5	$	57.0	$	105.5	$	397.5

	Year Ended December 31, 2021
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Voluntary Benefits		Individual Disability		Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	2,672.4	$	1,827.5	$	773.8	$	580.1	$	5,853.8
Interest accretion	$	241.5	$	34.9	$	58.6	$	100.6	$	435.6

	December 31, 2023
	Group Disability			Group Life and AD&D			Voluntary Benefits			Individual Disability			Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	6,376.6		$	1,063.2		$	5,173.1		$	5,313.7		$	17,926.6
Expected future gross premiums	$	—		$	—		$	5,450.6		$	5,724.8		$	11,175.4
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	—		$	—		$	3,717.5		$	4,112.9		$	7,830.4
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	4.0		%	2.2		%	5.0		%	5.1		%	4.2%
Current discount rate	4.6		%	2.6		%	4.9		%	4.8		%	4.5%
Weighted average duration of the liability	4.3 years			2.6 years			18.1 years			9.6 years			7.0 years

	December 31, 2022
	Group Disability			Group Life and AD&D			Voluntary Benefits			Individual Disability			Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	6,988.1		$	1,133.0		$	4,561.1		$	5,168.2		$	17,850.4
Expected future gross premiums	$	—		$	—		$	3,979.6		$	5,525.1		$	9,504.7
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	—		$	—		$	2,939.1		$	3,962.1		$	6,901.2
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	3.8		%	2.2		%	5.1		%	5.1		%	4.0%
Current discount rate	4.9		%	2.7		%	5.2		%	5.1		%	4.7%
Weighted average duration of the liability	4.4 years			2.6 years			17.8 years			9.4 years			6.8 years

	December 31, 2021
	Group Disability			Group Life and AD&D			Voluntary Benefits			Individual Disability			Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	7,538.7		$	1,224.7		$	4,192.1		$	5,210.6		$	18,166.1
Expected future gross premiums	$	—		$	—		$	4,136.9		$	5,597.3		$	9,734.2
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	—		$	—		$	3,156.5		$	3,958.8		$	7,115.3
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	4.0		%	2.3		%	5.1		%	5.0		%	4.1%
Current discount rate	2.1		%	1.3		%	2.8		%	2.4		%	2.1%
Weighted average duration of the liability	4.5 years			2.9 years			15.8 years			9.5 years			6.5 years

The following table presents the balances and changes in the reserves for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products in the Unum International segment.

	December 31
	2023		2022		2021
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	197.1	$	260.5	$	311.7
Beginning balance at original discount rate	246.8		258.1		251.4
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(5.1)		(0.3)		—
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	17.1		5.6		9.3
Adjusted beginning of year balance	258.8		263.4		260.7
Issuances	23.5		17.8		31.4
Interest accretion	9.4		8.4		8.9
Net premiums collected	(23.0)		(22.2)		(22.6)
Foreign currency	29.7		(20.6)		(20.3)
Ending balance at original discount rate	298.4		246.8		258.1
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(28.1)		(49.7)		2.4
Balance, end of period	$	270.3	$	197.1	$	260.5
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	2,231.4	$	3,181.8	$	3,465.9
Beginning balance at original discount rate	2,495.5		2,703.8		2,644.5
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	17.7		(20.1)		(5.5)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	1.3		46.3		15.9
Adjusted beginning of year balance	2,514.5		2,730.0		2,654.9
Issuances1	335.2		327.7		391.6
Interest accretion	63.5		64.9		75.9
Benefit payments	(388.3)		(346.7)		(360.3)
Foreign currency	162.2		(280.4)		(58.3)
Ending balance at original discount rate	2,687.1		2,495.5		2,703.8
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(159.7)		(264.1)		478.0
Balance, end of period	$	2,527.4	$	2,231.4	$	3,181.8
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	2,257.1	$	2,034.3	$	2,921.3
Other	36.1		28.9		34.5
Total liability for future policy benefits	2,293.2		2,063.2		2,955.8
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	78.7		70.3		125.3
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	2,214.5	$	1,992.9	$	2,830.5
1Issuances for Unum International primarily represent new claim incurrals.

The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products in the Unum International segment presented in the rollforward activity above.

	Year Ended December 31
	2023		2022		2021
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	849.0	$	786.8	$	793.9
Interest accretion	$	54.1	$	56.5	$	67.0

	December 31
	2023			2022			2021
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	4,261.1		$	3,905.4		$	4,292.2
Expected future gross premiums	$	1,196.6		$	943.9		$	914.9
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	778.6		$	626.2		$	620.8
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	4.0		%	4.0		%	4.0		%
Current discount rate	4.6		%	5.0		%	2.0		%
Weighted average duration of the liability	8.6 years			8.6 years			8.8 years

The following table presents the balances and changes in the reserves for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products in the Colonial Life segment.

	December 31
	2023		2022		2021
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	3,745.4	$	4,597.0	$	4,671.9
Beginning balance at original discount rate	4,046.4		4,158.9		4,233.7
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(322.7)		(32.3)		(157.1)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(53.5)		(145.6)		(60.4)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	3,670.2		3,981.0		4,016.2
Issuances	544.9		554.9		644.7
Interest accretion	122.7		129.7		156.2
Net premiums collected	(583.5)		(619.2)		(658.2)
Ending balance at original discount rate	3,754.3		4,046.4		4,158.9
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(161.7)		(301.0)		438.1
Balance, end of period	$	3,592.6	$	3,745.4	$	4,597.0
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	5,581.1	$	7,054.8	$	7,022.9
Beginning balance at original discount rate	6,163.9		6,201.5		6,169.6
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	(402.9)		(85.9)		(178.1)
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(52.0)		(191.3)		(95.2)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	5,709.0		5,924.3		5,896.3
Issuances	605.9		628.5		704.1
Interest accretion	211.3		217.0		243.1
Benefit payments	(601.0)		(605.9)		(642.0)
Ending balance at original discount rate	5,925.2		6,163.9		6,201.5
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	(359.2)		(582.8)		853.3
Balance, end of period	$	5,566.0	$	5,581.1	$	7,054.8
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	1,973.4	$	1,835.7	$	2,457.8
Other	24.4		22.7		25.1
Total liability for future policy benefits	1,997.8		1,858.4		2,482.9
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	1.8		1.1		2.3
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	1,996.0	$	1,857.3	$	2,480.6

The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products in the Colonial Life segment presented in the rollforward activity above.

	Year Ended December 31
	2023		2022		2021
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	1,658.6	$	1,635.8	$	1,615.8
Interest accretion	$	88.6	$	87.3	$	86.9

	December 31
	2023			2022			2021
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	9,796.7		$	10,011.9		$	9,583.1
Expected future gross premiums	$	11,903.1		$	12,221.3		$	11,487.9
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	8,702.2		$	8,966.3		$	8,566.7
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	4.3		%	4.3		%	4.4		%
Current discount rate	4.8		%	5.2		%	2.7		%
Weighted average duration of the liability	17.0 years			17.5 years			16.4 years

The following table presents the balances and changes in the reserves for future policy benefits for traditional long duration products in the Closed Block segment.

	December 31, 2023
	Long-term Care		All Other		Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	6,412.6	$	—	$	6,412.6
Beginning balance at original discount rate	6,236.1		—		6,236.1
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	1,641.3		—		1,641.3
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	44.1		—		44.1
Adjusted beginning of year balance	7,921.5		—		7,921.5
Interest accretion	374.7		—		374.7
Net premiums collected	(592.6)		—		(592.6)
Ending balance at original discount rate	7,703.6		—		7,703.6
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	419.9		—		419.9
Balance, end of period	$	8,123.5	$	—	$	8,123.5
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	21,199.9	$	8,218.8	$	29,418.7
Beginning balance at original discount rate	20,221.6		8,630.7		28,852.3
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	2,009.4		—		2,009.4
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	113.1		4.0		117.1
Adjusted beginning of year balance	22,344.1		8,634.7		30,978.8
Issuances1	—		123.4		123.4
Interest accretion	1,151.4		358.9		1,510.3
Benefit payments	(846.2)		(1,022.4)		(1,868.6)
Ending balance at original discount rate	22,649.3		8,094.6		30,743.9
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	2,048.4		(214.6)		1,833.8
Balance, end of period	$	24,697.7	$	7,880.0	$	32,577.7
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	16,574.2	$	7,880.0	24,454.2
Other2	23.1		1,638.1		1,661.2
Total liability for future policy benefits	16,597.3		9,518.1		26,115.4
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	4.5		7,462.4		7,466.9
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	16,592.8	$	2,055.7	$	18,648.5
1Issuances for Closed Block - All Other represents new claim incurrals.
2Other for Closed Block - All Other primarily includes our closed block group pension products and certain of our ceded closed block individual life products.

	December 31, 2022
	Long-term Care		All Other		Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	8,404.7	$	—	$	8,404.7
Beginning balance at original discount rate	6,457.3		—		6,457.3
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	27.8		—		27.8
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(33.5)		—		(33.5)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	6,451.6		—		6,451.6
Interest accretion	349.0		—		349.0
Net premiums collected	(564.5)		—		(564.5)
Ending balance at original discount rate	6,236.1		—		6,236.1
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	176.5		—		176.5
Balance, end of period	$	6,412.6	$	—	$	6,412.6
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	30,089.6	$	10,414.4	$	40,504.0
Beginning balance at original discount rate	19,870.8		8,949.4		28,820.2
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	24.9		216.9		241.8
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(36.2)		30.7		(5.5)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	19,859.5		9,197.0		29,056.5
Issuances1	—		154.5		154.5
Interest accretion	1,105.1		372.8		1,477.9
Benefit payments	(743.0)		(1,093.6)		(1,836.6)
Ending balance at original discount rate	20,221.6		8,630.7		28,852.3
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	978.3		(411.9)		566.4
Balance, end of period	$	21,199.9	$	8,218.8	$	29,418.7
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	14,787.3	$	8,218.8	$	23,006.1
Other2	24.3		1,737.0		1,761.3
Total liability for future policy benefits	14,811.6		9,955.8		24,767.4
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	5.7		7,799.8		7,805.5
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	14,805.9	$	2,156.0	$	16,961.9
1Issuances for Closed Block - All Other represents new claim incurrals.
2Other for Closed Block - All Other primarily includes our closed block group pension products and certain of our ceded closed block individual life products.

	December 31, 2021
	Long-term Care		All Other		Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars)
Present Value of Expected Net Premiums
Balance, beginning of year	$	9,358.8	$	—	$	9,358.8
Beginning balance at original discount rate	6,782.7		—		6,782.7
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	28.5		—		28.5
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(149.3)		—		(149.3)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	6,661.9		—		6,661.9
Interest accretion	370.6		—		370.6
Net premiums collected	(575.2)		—		(575.2)
Ending balance at original discount rate	6,457.3		—		6,457.3
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	1,947.4		—		1,947.4
Balance, end of period	$	8,404.7	$	—	$	8,404.7
Present Value of Expected Future Policy Benefits
Balance, beginning of year	$	32,047.2	$	11,591.9	$	43,639.1
Beginning balance at original discount rate	19,549.7		9,514.6		29,064.3
Effect of changes in cash flow assumptions	52.9		—		52.9
Effect of actual variances from expected experience	(170.8)		18.3		(152.5)
Adjusted beginning of year balance	19,431.8		9,532.9		28,964.7
Issuances1	—		197.3		197.3
Interest accretion	1,111.6		397.2		1,508.8
Benefit payments	(672.6)		(1,178.0)		(1,850.6)
Ending balance at original discount rate	19,870.8		8,949.4		28,820.2
Effect of change in discount rate assumptions	10,218.8		1,465.0		11,683.8
Balance, end of period	$	30,089.6	$	10,414.4	$	40,504.0
Net liability for future policy benefits	$	21,684.9	$	10,414.4	$	32,099.3
Other2	29.8		2,191.8		2,221.6
Total liability for future policy benefits	21,714.7		12,606.2		34,320.9
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to future policy benefits	7.4		9,904.7		9,912.1
Net liability for future policy benefits, after reinsurance recoverable	$	21,707.3	$	2,701.5	$	24,408.8
1Issuances for Closed Block - All Other represents new claim incurrals.
2Other for Closed Block - All Other primarily includes our closed block group pension products and certain of our ceded closed block individual life products.

The following tables summarize the amount of gross premiums and interest accretion reflected in the statements of income as well as the undiscounted and discounted expected gross premiums and expected future benefit payments and the weighted average interest rates for traditional long duration products in the Closed Block segment presented in the rollforward activity above.

	Year Ended December 31, 2023
	Long-term Care		All Other		Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	696.1	$	223.8	$	919.9
Interest accretion	$	776.7	$	358.9	$	1,135.6

	Year Ended December 31, 2022
	Long-term Care		All Other		Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	697.5	$	250.0	$	947.5
Interest accretion	$	756.1	$	372.8	$	1,128.9

	Year Ended December 31, 2021
	Long-term Care		All Other		Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars)
Amount recognized in the statement of income:
Gross premiums or assessments	$	705.0	$	294.9	$	999.9
Interest accretion	$	741.0	$	397.2	$	1,138.2

	December 31, 2023
	Long-term Care			All Other			Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	61,447.7		$	11,893.7		$	73,341.4
Expected future gross premiums	$	14,486.4		$	—		$	14,486.4
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	8,241.7		$	—		$	8,241.7
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	5.6		%	4.6		%	5.2		%
Current discount rate	5.0%			4.9		%	4.9		%
Weighted average duration of the liability	16.4 years			7.3 years			13.2 years

	December 31, 2022
	Long-term Care			All Other			Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	52,544.0		$	12,749.0		$	65,293.0
Expected future gross premiums	$	12,629.9		$	—		$	12,629.9
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	7,333.5		$	—		$	7,333.5
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	5.5		%	4.6		%	5.2%
Current discount rate	5.2		%	5.1		%	5.2%
Weighted average duration of the liability	15.5 years			7.4 years			12.4 years

	December 31, 2021
	Long-term Care			All Other			Total Closed Block
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Amount of undiscounted:
Expected future benefit payments	$	53,395.1		$	13,138.4		$	66,533.5
Expected future gross premiums	$	13,159.0		$	—		$	13,159.0
Amount of discounted (at interest accretion rate):
Expected future gross premiums	$	7,518.9		$	—		$	7,518.9
Weighted average interest rate:
Interest accretion rate	5.6		%	4.6		%	5.2%
Current discount rate	2.8		%	2.5		%	2.7%
Weighted average duration of the liability	16.3 years			7.3 years			12.7 years

A reconciliation of the liability for future policy benefits reflected in the preceding rollforwards to the related liability balances in the consolidated balance sheets are as follows:

	December 31
	2023		2022		2021
	(in millions of dollars)
Liability for future policy benefits
Unum US1	$	9,352.7	$	9,668.7	$	12,020.0
Unum International	2,293.2		2,063.2		2,955.8
Colonial Life	1,997.8		1,858.4		2,482.9
Closed Block1	26,115.4		24,767.4		34,320.9
Other products1	250.3		219.4		212.0
Total liability for future policy benefits	$	40,009.4	$	38,577.1	$	51,991.6

1Unum US excludes dental & vision and medical stop-loss product lines and Closed Block excludes our participating fund account, which represents policies issued by one of our subsidiaries prior to its 1986 conversion from a mutual stock life insurance company. The liabilities associated with these products are included within Other products.

Policyholder Account Balance

The following table presents the balances and changes in the policyholders' account balances:

	December 31, 2023
	Unum US - Voluntary Benefits		Colonial Life		Closed Block - All Other		Total
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Balance, beginning of year	$	586.8	$	852.4	$	4,159.4	$	5,598.6
Premiums received	58.5		84.9		31.7		175.1
Policy charges1	(60.4)		(74.7)		(107.2)		(242.3)
Surrenders and withdrawals	(33.3)		(36.8)		(18.8)		(88.9)
Benefit payments	(9.7)		(7.2)		(216.2)		(233.1)
Interest credited	22.2		34.2		322.1		378.5
Other	14.5		0.1		(88.3)		(73.7)
Balance, end of period	578.6		852.9		4,082.7		5,514.2
Reserves in excess of account balance	99.5		16.9		37.1		153.5
Total policyholders' account balances	678.1		869.8		4,119.8		5,667.7
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to policyholders' account balances	0.9		—		4,119.8		4,120.7
Net policyholders' account balances, after reinsurance recoverable	$	677.2	$	869.8	$	—	$	1,547.0
Weighted average crediting rate	3.9%		4.1%		8.0%		7.0%
Net amount at risk2	$	4,495.6	$	8,760.1	$	1,824.3	$	15,080.0
Cash surrender value	$	566.9	$	813.5	$	4,062.3	$	5,442.7
1Contracts included in the policyholder account balances are generally charged a premium and/or monthly assessments on the basis of the account balance.
2For those guarantees of benefits that are payable in the event of death, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the current guaranteed minimum death benefit in excess of the current account balance at the balance sheet date.

	December 31, 2022
	Unum US - Voluntary Benefits		Colonial Life		Closed Block - All Other		Total
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Balance, beginning of year	$	598.7	$	849.2	$	4,231.7	$	5,679.6
Premiums received	64.5		90.9		32.2		187.6
Policy charges1	(64.5)		(78.0)		(105.5)		(248.0)
Surrenders and withdrawals	(32.9)		(36.2)		(21.3)		(90.4)
Benefit payments	(10.7)		(8.0)		(292.8)		(311.5)
Interest credited	23.5		34.2		311.5		369.2
Other	8.2		0.3		3.6		12.1
Balance, end of period	586.8		852.4		4,159.4		5,598.6
Reserves in excess of account balance	92.9		16.7		32.0		141.6
Total policyholders' account balances	679.7		869.1		4,191.4		5,740.2
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to policyholders' account balances	1.1		0.2		4,191.4		4,192.7
Net policyholders' account balances, after reinsurance recoverable	$	678.6	$	868.9	$	—	$	1,547.5
Weighted average crediting rate	4.0%		4.1%		7.6%		6.7%
Net amount at risk2	$	4,908.0	$	9,338.5	$	1,931.6	$	16,178.1
Cash surrender value	$	583.3	$	800.9	$	4,045.9	$	5,430.1
1Contracts included in the policyholder account balances are generally charged a premium and/or monthly assessments on the basis of the account balance.
2For those guarantees of benefits that are payable in the event of death, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the current guaranteed minimum death benefit in excess of the current account balance at the balance sheet date.

	December 31, 2021
	Unum US - Voluntary Benefits		Colonial Life		Closed Block - All Other		Total
	(in millions of dollars, except weighted average data)
Balance, beginning of year	$	616.7	$	843.8	$	4,218.0	$	5,678.5
Premiums received	69.6		97.5		37.4		204.5
Policy charges1	(69.3)		(82.4)		(101.2)		(252.9)
Surrenders and withdrawals	(39.5)		(35.7)		(14.3)		(89.5)
Benefit payments	(11.4)		(8.5)		(234.1)		(254.0)
Interest credited	23.7		34.0		315.4		373.1
Other	8.9		0.5		10.5		19.9
Balance, end of period	598.7		849.2		4,231.7		5,679.6
Reserves in excess of account balance	82.9		21.5		30.8		135.2
Total policyholders' account balances	681.6		870.7		4,262.5		5,814.8
Less: Reinsurance recoverable related to policyholders' account balances	1.2		0.3		4,262.5		4,264.0
Net policyholders' account balances, after reinsurance recoverable	$	680.4	$	870.4	$	—	$	1,550.8
Weighted average crediting rate	3.9%		4.1%		7.8%		6.8%
Net amount at risk2	$	5,356.1	$	10,000.6	$	2,052.0	$	17,408.7
Cash surrender value	$	584.8	$	784.6	$	4,134.7	$	5,504.1
1Contracts included in the policyholder account balances are generally charged a premium and/or monthly assessments on the basis of the account balance.
2For those guarantees of benefits that are payable in the event of death, the net amount at risk is generally defined as the current guaranteed minimum death benefit in excess of the current account balance at the balance sheet date.

Policyholder Account Balance, Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate

The balance of the account values by range of guaranteed minimum crediting rates and the related range of difference, in basis points, between rates being credited to policyholders and the respective guaranteed minimums is as follows.

	December 31, 2023
Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate	At Guaranteed Minimum		1 Basis Point - 50 Basis Points Above		51 Basis Points - 150 Basis Points Above		Greater than 150 Basis Points Above		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
	Unum US - Voluntary Benefits
3.00% - 3.99%	$	91.9	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	91.9
4.00% - 4.99%	227.1		190.1		37.7		—		454.9
5.00% - 6.00%	31.8		—		—		—		31.8
	350.8		190.1		37.7		—		578.6
	Colonial Life
4.00% - 5.00%	846.7		6.2		—		—		852.9
	Closed Block - All Other
3.00% - 5.99%	526.8		1,081.8		30.7		—		1,639.3
6.00% - 8.99%	1.3		31.0		—		—		32.3
9.00% - 11.99%	318.4		2,036.5		—		—		2,354.9
12.00% - 15.00%	—		56.2		—		—		56.2
	846.5		3,205.5		30.7		—		4,082.7
Total	$	2,044.0	$	3,401.8	$	68.4	$	—	$	5,514.2

	December 31, 2022
Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate	At Guaranteed Minimum		1 Basis Point - 50 Basis Points Above		51 Basis Points - 150 Basis Points Above		Greater than 150 Basis Points Above		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
	Unum US - Voluntary Benefits
3.00% - 3.99%	$	94.4	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	94.4
4.00% - 4.99%	274.5		183.9		—		—		458.4
5.00% - 6.00%	34.0		—		—		—		34.0
	402.9		183.9		—		—		586.8
	Colonial Life
4.00% - 5.00%	846.4		6.0		—		—		852.4
	Closed Block - All Other
3.00% - 5.99%	1,661.7		29.1		6.4		—		1,697.2
6.00% - 8.99%	31.4		—		—		—		31.4
9.00% - 11.99%	2,378.2		—		—		—		2,378.2
12.00% - 15.00%	52.6		—		—		—		52.6
	4,123.9		29.1		6.4		—		4,159.4
Total	$	5,373.2	$	219.0	$	6.4	$	—	$	5,598.6

	December 31, 2021
Range of Guaranteed Minimum Crediting Rate	At Guaranteed Minimum		1 Basis Point - 50 Basis Points Above		51 Basis Points - 150 Basis Points Above		Greater than 150 Basis Points Above		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
	Unum US - Voluntary Benefits
3.00% - 3.99%	$	98.0	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	98.0
4.00% - 4.99%	288.8		177.0		—		—		465.8
5.00% - 6.00%	34.9		—		—		—		34.9
	421.7		177.0		—		—		598.7
	Colonial Life
4.00% - 5.00%	843.4		5.8		—		—		849.2
	Closed Block - All Other
3.00% - 5.99%	1,816.1		30.2		6.4		—		1,852.7
6.00% - 8.99%	29.6		—		—		—		29.6
9.00% - 11.99%	2,300.4		—		—		—		2,300.4
12.00% - 15.00%	49.0		—		—		—		49.0
	4,195.1		30.2		6.4		—		4,231.7
Total	$	5,460.2	$	213.0	$	6.4	$	—	$	5,679.6

Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs by Segment

The following tables display the changes in DAC throughout the year:

	December 31, 2023
	Unum US		Unum International		Colonial Life		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year	$	1,185.1	$	37.0	$	1,337.9	$	2,560.0
Capitalization	314.7		14.6		302.9		632.2
Amortization expense	(267.6)		(8.4)		(205.4)		(481.4)
Foreign currency	—		3.7		—		3.7
Balance, end of year	$	1,232.2	$	46.9	$	1,435.4	$	2,714.5

	December 31, 2022
	Unum US		Unum International		Colonial Life		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year	$	1,152.9	$	36.4	$	1,238.1	$	2,427.4
Capitalization	273.1		12.0		271.8		556.9
Amortization expense	(240.9)		(8.2)		(172.0)		(421.1)
Foreign currency	—		(3.2)		—		(3.2)
Balance, end of year	$	1,185.1	$	37.0	$	1,337.9	$	2,560.0

	December 31, 2021
	Unum US		Unum International		Colonial Life		Total
	(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year	$	1,181.0	$	32.0	$	1,144.7	$	2,357.7
Capitalization	257.8		12.8		252.6		523.2
Amortization expense	(285.9)		(7.0)		(159.2)		(452.1)
Foreign currency	—		(1.4)		—		(1.4)
Balance, end of year	$	1,152.9	$	36.4	$	1,238.1	$	2,427.4

	December 31, 2023
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Voluntary Benefits		Individual Disability		Dental and Vision		Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year	$	61.0	$	49.3	$	601.0	$	464.4	$	9.4	$	1,185.1
Capitalization	60.2		38.6		115.8		87.4		12.7		314.7
Amortization expense	(57.6)		(39.0)		(106.2)		(54.0)		(10.8)		(267.6)
Balance, end of year	$	63.6	$	48.9	$	610.6	$	497.8	$	11.3	$	1,232.2

	December 31, 2022
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Voluntary Benefits		Individual Disability		Dental and Vision		Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year	$	60.9	$	53.9	$	588.6	$	441.8	$	7.7	$	1,152.9
Capitalization	53.1		37.3		100.0		72.0		10.7		273.1
Amortization expense	(53.0)		(41.9)		(87.6)		(49.4)		(9.0)		(240.9)
Balance, end of year	$	61.0	$	49.3	$	601.0	$	464.4	$	9.4	$	1,185.1

	December 31, 2021
	Group Disability		Group Life and AD&D		Voluntary Benefits		Individual Disability		Dental and Vision		Total Unum US
	(in millions of dollars)
Balance, beginning of year	$	95.3	$	76.4	$	569.7	$	423.6	$	16.0	$	1,181.0
Capitalization	49.8		36.1		99.4		63.9		8.6		257.8
Amortization expense	(84.2)		(58.6)		(80.5)		(45.7)		(16.9)		(285.9)
Balance, end of year	$	60.9	$	53.9	$	588.6	$	441.8	$	7.7	$	1,152.9