Accounting Developments

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Principles [Abstract]

Accounting Updates Adopted in 2019:



Accounting Standards Codification (ASC)	Description	Date of Adoption	Effect on Financial Statements

ASC 220 "Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income"	This update allowed entities to make an accounting policy election to reclassify the disproportionate tax effects arising as a result of the recognition of the enactment of the tax bill, H.R.1, An Act to Provide Reconciliation Pursuant to Titles II and V of the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2018, more commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. Tax effects that are disproportionate in accumulated other comprehensive income for reasons other than the TCJA may not be reclassified. This update required additional disclosures on whether an entity elects to reclassify the disproportionate tax effects and its policy for releasing tax effects from accumulated other comprehensive income. This guidance was applied in the period of adoption.	January 1, 2019	The adoption of this update expanded certain of our disclosures but had no impact on our financial position or results of operations because we did not make the optional accounting policy election to reclassify the disproportionate tax effects resulting from the TCJA from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. We use an aggregate portfolio approach to release disproportionate tax effects when disposing of an entire business segment’s portfolio.

ASC 310 "Receivables - Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs"	This update shortened the amortization period to the earliest call date for certain callable debt securities held at a premium. This update did not impact securities held at a discount. The guidance was applied in the period of adoption.	January 1, 2019	The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

ASC 718 "Compensation - Stock Compensation"	This update generally aligned the accounting guidance for share-based payments issued to non-employees with guidance for share-based payments issued to employees. Specifically, the update required non-employee share-based payments to be measured using the grant date fair value of the equity instruments that an entity is obligated to issue when the good has been delivered or the service has been rendered rather than being remeasured through the performance completion date. Additionally, for non-employee share-based payments that contain performance conditions, the update changed the criteria regarding the recognition of compensation cost to when achievement of a performance condition is probable rather than upon actual achievement of the performance condition. The guidance was applied in the period of adoption.	January 1, 2019	The adoption of this update did not have an impact on our financial position or results of operations.

Summary of Financial Statement Impacts of Accounting Updates Adopted in 2019:



	Balance at December 31, 2018		Balance at January 1, 2019		Effect of Change
	(in millions of dollars)
Adjustments due to ASC 842
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Assets
Other Assets	$	789.0	$	906.7	$	117.7
Deferred Income Tax	109.9		109.5		(0.4		)

Liabilities
Other Liabilities	1,762.8		1,884.8		122.0
Income Tax Payable	24.0		22.7		(1.3		)

Stockholders' Equity
Retained Earnings	9,863.1		9,859.7		(3.4		)

Summary of Financial Statement Impacts of Accounting Updates adopted in 2018:

Effective January 1, 2018, we adopted an update under ASC 825 that changed the accounting and disclosure requirements for certain financial instruments. These changes included a requirement to measure equity investments, other than those that resulted in consolidation or are accounted for under the equity method, at fair value through net income unless the investment qualifies for certain practicability exceptions. The guidance was applied using a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect reduction to accumulated other comprehensive income of $17.5 million with a corresponding increase to retained earnings of $14.5 million, a decrease to other long-term investments of $3.8 million, and a decrease to deferred income tax liability of $0.8 million.

Accounting Updates Outstanding:



ASC	Description	Date of Adoption	Effect on Financial Statements

ASC 326 "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses"	This update amends the guidance on the impairment of financial instruments. The update adds an impairment model known as the current expected credit loss model that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses and will generally result in earlier recognition of allowances for losses. The current expected credit loss model applies to financial instruments such as mortgage loans, fixed maturity securities classified as held-to-maturity, and certain receivables. The update also modifies the other-than-temporary impairment model used for available-for-sale fixed maturity securities such that credit losses are recognized as an allowance rather than as a reduction in the amortized cost of the security. The reversal of previously recognized credit losses on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities is allowed under specified circumstances. Additional disclosures will also be required, including information used to develop the allowance for losses. The guidance is to be applied to most instruments in scope using a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. For available-for-sale fixed maturity securities, the update is applied prospectively. Other-than-temporary impairment losses recognized on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities prior to adoption of the update cannot be reversed. Early adoption is permitted.	January 1, 2020	We have determined that this guidance is primarily applicable to our mortgage loan investments and reinsurance recoverables. We are currently developing and implementing systems to support the expected credit loss projections for these asset types. We continue to evaluate the expected impact on our financial position, results of operations, and disclosures.

ASC 350 "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other"	This update eliminates the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill (the second step in the current two-step test) to measure a goodwill impairment charge. Instead, entities should perform the goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognize an impairment charge for the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value, with the loss not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The guidance is to be applied prospectively, with early adoption permitted for goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017.	January 1, 2020	The adoption of this update will not have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations.



ASC	Description	Date of Adoption	Effect on Financial Statements

ASC 820 "Fair Value Measurement"	This update amended the fair value measurement guidance by removing or clarifying certain existing disclosure requirements, while also adding new disclosure requirements. Specifically, this update removed certain disclosures related to Level 1 and Level 2 transfers and also removed the discussion regarding valuation processes of Level 3 fair value measurements. The update modifies guidance related to investments in certain entities that calculate net asset value to explicitly require disclosure regarding timing of liquidation of the investee's assets and timing of redemption restrictions. The update adds disclosures around the changes in unrealized gains and losses in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 investments held at the end of the reporting period and adds disclosures regarding certain unobservable inputs on Level 3 fair value measurements. The guidance was applied retrospectively or prospectively depending on the specific requirement of the update. Entities are permitted to early adopt any removed or modified disclosures and may delay adoption of the additional disclosures until their effective date.	December 31, 2018 for the removal and modification of certain disclosures and January 1, 2020 for the addition of certain disclosures.	We elected to early adopt the removal and modification of disclosures, as permitted by the update. We have elected to delay the adoption of the additional disclosures until the effective date. The adoption of this update will modify our disclosures but will not have an impact on our financial position or results of operations.

ASC 715 "Compensation - Retirement Benefits"	This update amends the defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit guidance by removing or clarifying certain existing disclosure requirements, while also adding new disclosure requirements. Specifically, this update removes the requirement to disclose the effects of a one-percentage point change in the assumed healthcare cost trend and the requirement to disclose amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be recognized as part of net periodic benefit cost of the next year. This update adds a requirement to describe the reasons for significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligation for the period. The update also clarifies that the projected benefit obligation (PBO) and accumulated benefit obligation (ABO) and fair value of plan assets are to be disclosed for plans with PBOs or ABOs in excess of plan assets. The guidance is to be applied retrospectively and early adoption is permitted.	December 31, 2020	We have not yet determined the expected impact on our disclosures.

Accounting Updates Outstanding

Accounting Updates Outstanding:



ASC	Description	Date of Adoption	Effect on Financial Statements

ASC 326 "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses"	This update amends the guidance on the impairment of financial instruments. The update adds an impairment model known as the current expected credit loss model that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses and will generally result in earlier recognition of allowances for losses. The current expected credit loss model applies to financial instruments such as mortgage loans, fixed maturity securities classified as held-to-maturity, and certain receivables. The update also modifies the other-than-temporary impairment model used for available-for-sale fixed maturity securities such that credit losses are recognized as an allowance rather than as a reduction in the amortized cost of the security. The reversal of previously recognized credit losses on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities is allowed under specified circumstances. Additional disclosures will also be required, including information used to develop the allowance for losses. The guidance is to be applied to most instruments in scope using a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. For available-for-sale fixed maturity securities, the update is applied prospectively. Other-than-temporary impairment losses recognized on available-for-sale fixed maturity securities prior to adoption of the update cannot be reversed. Early adoption is permitted.	January 1, 2020	We have determined that this guidance is primarily applicable to our mortgage loan investments and reinsurance recoverables. We are currently developing and implementing systems to support the expected credit loss projections for these asset types. We continue to evaluate the expected impact on our financial position, results of operations, and disclosures.

ASC 350 "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other"	This update eliminates the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill (the second step in the current two-step test) to measure a goodwill impairment charge. Instead, entities should perform the goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognize an impairment charge for the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value, with the loss not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The guidance is to be applied prospectively, with early adoption permitted for goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017.	January 1, 2020	The adoption of this update will not have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations.



ASC	Description	Date of Adoption	Effect on Financial Statements

ASC 820 "Fair Value Measurement"	This update amended the fair value measurement guidance by removing or clarifying certain existing disclosure requirements, while also adding new disclosure requirements. Specifically, this update removed certain disclosures related to Level 1 and Level 2 transfers and also removed the discussion regarding valuation processes of Level 3 fair value measurements. The update modifies guidance related to investments in certain entities that calculate net asset value to explicitly require disclosure regarding timing of liquidation of the investee's assets and timing of redemption restrictions. The update adds disclosures around the changes in unrealized gains and losses in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 investments held at the end of the reporting period and adds disclosures regarding certain unobservable inputs on Level 3 fair value measurements. The guidance was applied retrospectively or prospectively depending on the specific requirement of the update. Entities are permitted to early adopt any removed or modified disclosures and may delay adoption of the additional disclosures until their effective date.	December 31, 2018 for the removal and modification of certain disclosures and January 1, 2020 for the addition of certain disclosures.	We elected to early adopt the removal and modification of disclosures, as permitted by the update. We have elected to delay the adoption of the additional disclosures until the effective date. The adoption of this update will modify our disclosures but will not have an impact on our financial position or results of operations.

ASC 715 "Compensation - Retirement Benefits"	This update amends the defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit guidance by removing or clarifying certain existing disclosure requirements, while also adding new disclosure requirements. Specifically, this update removes the requirement to disclose the effects of a one-percentage point change in the assumed healthcare cost trend and the requirement to disclose amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be recognized as part of net periodic benefit cost of the next year. This update adds a requirement to describe the reasons for significant gains and losses related to changes in the benefit obligation for the period. The update also clarifies that the projected benefit obligation (PBO) and accumulated benefit obligation (ABO) and fair value of plan assets are to be disclosed for plans with PBOs or ABOs in excess of plan assets. The guidance is to be applied retrospectively and early adoption is permitted.	December 31, 2020	We have not yet determined the expected impact on our disclosures.

Description

Date of Adoption

Effect on Financial Statements

ASC 842 "Leases"

This update changed the accounting for leases, requiring lessees to report most leases on their balance sheets, regardless of whether the lease is classified as a finance lease or an operating lease. For lessees, the initial lease liability is equal to the present value of lease payments, and a corresponding asset, adjusted for certain items, is also recorded. Expense recognition for lessees remained similar to previous accounting requirements for capital and operating leases. For lessors, the guidance modified the classification criteria and the accounting for sales-type and direct financing leases. The guidance was applied using a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings at the beginning of the period of adoption. In addition, the package of practical expedients available to leases that commenced prior to the date of adoption was applied.

January 1, 2019

See the summary table below for the financial statement impacts of this modified retrospective adoption on our financial statement line items at January 1, 2019. In addition, see Note 12 of the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" contained herein in Item 1 for the additional disclosures required by the update.