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Statutory Financial Information
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2013
Statutory Financial Information [Abstract]  
Statutory Financial Information
Statutory Financial Information

Statutory Net Income, Capital and Surplus, and Dividends

Statutory net income for U.S. insurance companies is reported in conformity with statutory accounting principles prescribed by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) and adopted by applicable domiciliary state laws. The commissioners of the states of domicile have the right to permit other specific practices that may deviate from prescribed practices. Our traditional U.S. life insurance subsidiaries have no prescribed or permitted statutory accounting practices that differ materially from statutory accounting principles prescribed by the NAIC.

Certain of our traditional U.S. life insurance subsidiaries cede blocks of business to Northwind Re, Tailwind Re, and UnumProvident International Ltd. (UPIL), all of which are affiliated captive reinsurance subsidiaries (captive reinsurers) with Unum Group as the ultimate parent. These captive reinsurers were established for the limited purpose of reinsuring risks attributable to specified policies issued or reinsured by our life insurance subsidiaries. The captive reinsurers are all domiciled in the United States as of December 31, 2013. Our captive reinsurers have no material state prescribed accounting practices, except for UPIL. During 2013, we re-domesticated UPIL, which was previously domiciled in Bermuda, to the state of Vermont. Vermont reporting requirements for pure captive insurance companies follow GAAP, unless the commissioner permits the use of some other basis of accounting. UPIL has permission from Vermont to follow accounting practices that are generally consistent with current NAIC statutory accounting principles for its insurance reserves and invested assets supporting reserves. All other assets and liabilities are accounted for in accordance with GAAP, as prescribed by Vermont, which allows for the full recognition of deferred tax assets which are more likely than not to be realized. Statutory accounting principles have a stricter limitation for the recognition of deferred tax assets. The impact of following the prescribed and permitted practices of Vermont rather than statutory accounting principles prescribed by the NAIC resulted in higher capital and surplus for UPIL of approximately $176 million as of December 31, 2013.

The operating results and capital and surplus of our traditional U.S. life insurance subsidiaries and our captive reinsurers, prepared in accordance with prescribed or permitted accounting practices of the NAIC or states of domicile, are presented separately below. Results for 2012 and prior include those for UPIL as filed with insurance regulators in Bermuda.
 
Year Ended December 31
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
(in millions of dollars)
Combined Net Income
 
 
 
 
 
Traditional U.S. Life Insurance Subsidiaries
$
584.5

 
$
624.5

 
$
642.9

Captive Reinsurers
$
13.3

 
$
40.8

 
$
64.6

 
 
 
 
 
 
Combined Net Gain from Operations
 
 
 
 
 
Traditional U.S. Life Insurance Subsidiaries
$
617.5

 
$
649.8

 
$
664.0

Captive Reinsurers
$
13.6

 
$
37.4

 
$
55.4



 
December 31
 
2013
 
2012
 
(in millions of dollars)
Combined Capital and Surplus
 
 
 
Traditional U.S. Life Insurance Subsidiaries
$
3,450.5

 
$
3,426.5

Captive Reinsurers
$
1,679.4

 
$
1,765.3



As derived from the most recent annual statutory basis financial statements filed with insurance regulators, the statutory net income and statutory capital and surplus of our United Kingdom insurance subsidiary, Unum Limited, was £94.6 million and £438.1 million, respectively.

Restrictions under applicable state insurance laws limit the amount of dividends that can be paid to a parent company from its insurance subsidiaries in any 12-month period without prior approval by regulatory authorities. For life insurance companies domiciled in the U.S., that limitation generally equals, depending on the state of domicile, either ten percent of an insurer's statutory surplus with respect to policyholders as of the preceding year end or the statutory net gain from operations, excluding realized investment gains and losses, of the preceding year. The payment of dividends to a parent company from a life insurance subsidiary is generally further limited to the amount of unassigned funds.

Based on the restrictions under current law, $591.0 million is available, without prior approval by regulatory authorities, during 2014 for the payment of dividends to Unum Group from its traditional U.S. life insurance subsidiaries. The ability of our captive insurers to pay dividends to their respective parent companies will depend on their satisfaction of applicable regulatory requirements and on the performance of the business reinsured.

We also have the ability to receive dividends from Unum Limited, subject to applicable insurance company regulations and capital guidance in the United Kingdom. Approximately £187.8 million is available for the payment of dividends from Unum Limited during 2014, subject to regulatory approval.

Deposits

At December 31, 2013 and 2012, our U.S. insurance subsidiaries had on deposit with U.S. regulatory authorities securities with a book value of $280.5 million and $277.5 million, respectively, held for the protection of policyholders.