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Fair Values of Financial Instruments (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2013
Notes to Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Carrying Amount and Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Presented as follows are the carrying amounts and fair values of financial instruments. The carrying values of financial instruments such as short-term investments, cash and bank deposits, accounts and premiums receivable, accrued investment income, and short-term debt approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of the instruments. As such, these financial instruments are not included in the following chart.
 
September 30, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value
 
(in millions of dollars)
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed Maturity Securities
$
42,597.6

 
$
42,597.6

 
$
44,973.0

 
$
44,973.0

Mortgage Loans
1,776.1

 
1,967.8

 
1,712.7

 
1,937.1

Policy Loans
3,242.5

 
3,312.7

 
3,133.8

 
3,215.3

Other Long-term Investments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives
24.5

 
24.5

 
81.6

 
81.6

Equity Securities
15.5

 
15.5

 
14.6

 
14.6

Miscellaneous Long-term Investments
465.4

 
465.4

 
455.1

 
455.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Policyholders' Funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred Annuity Products
$
634.2

 
$
634.2

 
$
640.1

 
$
640.1

Supplementary Contracts without Life Contingencies
554.2

 
554.2

 
535.5

 
535.5

Long-term Debt
2,631.3

 
2,827.5

 
2,755.4

 
2,968.8

Other Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives
142.9

 
142.9

 
170.5

 
170.5

Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement
65.4

 
65.4

 
83.9

 
83.9

Unfunded Commitments to Investment Partnerships
41.9

 
41.9

 
83.7

 
83.7


Fair Value Measurements by Input Level
Fair value measurements by input level for financial instruments carried at fair value are as follows:
 
September 30, 2013
 
Quoted Prices
in Active Markets
for Identical Assets
or Liabilities
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Total
 
(in millions of dollars)
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed Maturity Securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities
$
135.1

 
$
1,088.1

 
$

 
$
1,223.2

States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions

 
1,617.9

 
151.9

 
1,769.8

Foreign Governments

 
1,296.7

 
78.6

 
1,375.3

Public Utilities
692.0

 
9,572.9

 
291.8

 
10,556.7

Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities

 
2,161.1

 
0.5

 
2,161.6

All Other Corporate Bonds
3,541.4

 
20,718.9

 
1,212.5

 
25,472.8

Redeemable Preferred Stocks

 
14.1

 
24.1

 
38.2

Total Fixed Maturity Securities
4,368.5

 
36,469.7

 
1,759.4

 
42,597.6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Long-term Investments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest Rate Swaps

 
22.5

 

 
22.5

Foreign Exchange Contracts

 
2.0

 

 
2.0

Total Derivatives

 
24.5

 

 
24.5

Equity Securities

 
11.1

 
4.4

 
15.5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest Rate Swaps
$

 
$
33.8

 
$

 
$
33.8

Foreign Exchange Contracts

 
107.6

 

 
107.6

Credit Default Swaps

 
1.5

 

 
1.5

Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement

 

 
65.4

 
65.4

Total Derivatives

 
142.9

 
65.4

 
208.3

 

 
December 31, 2012
 
Quoted Prices
in Active Markets
for Identical Assets
or Liabilities
(Level 1)
 
Significant Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 
Total
 
(in millions of dollars)
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed Maturity Securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities
$
104.1

 
$
1,244.7

 
$

 
$
1,348.8

States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions
53.0

 
1,625.1

 
128.7

 
1,806.8

Foreign Governments

 
1,424.9

 
82.1

 
1,507.0

Public Utilities
84.2

 
10,485.6

 
574.4

 
11,144.2

Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities

 
2,216.0

 
0.5

 
2,216.5

All Other Corporate Bonds
1,977.1

 
23,755.5

 
1,177.8

 
26,910.4

Redeemable Preferred Stocks

 
14.5

 
24.8

 
39.3

Total Fixed Maturity Securities
2,218.4

 
40,766.3

 
1,988.3

 
44,973.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Long-term Investments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Interest Rate Swaps

 
76.5

 

 
76.5

 Foreign Exchange Contracts

 
5.1

 

 
5.1

 Total Derivatives

 
81.6

 

 
81.6

Equity Securities

 
10.3

 
4.3

 
14.6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest Rate Swaps
$

 
$
31.7

 
$

 
$
31.7

Foreign Exchange Contracts

 
138.8

 

 
138.8

Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement

 

 
83.9

 
83.9

Total Derivatives

 
170.5

 
83.9

 
254.4


Transfers of Assets between Level 1 and Level 2
Transfers of assets between Level 1 and Level 2 are as follows:
 
Three Months Ended September 30
 
2013
 
2012
 
Transfers into
 
Level 1 from
Level 2
 
Level 2 from
Level 1
 
Level 1 from
Level 2
 
Level 2 from
Level 1
 
(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities
$
21.7

 
$
164.6

 
$
426.8

 
$
60.5

States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions

 
31.8

 
43.0

 
62.9

Foreign Governments

 

 
21.7

 

Public Utilities
367.1

 
584.7

 
382.4

 
743.6

All Other Corporate Bonds
1,406.9

 
2,884.6

 
2,152.9

 
1,667.4

Total Fixed Maturity Securities
$
1,795.7

 
$
3,665.7

 
$
3,026.8

 
$
2,534.4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity Securities
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
7.4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30
 
2013
 
2012
 
Transfers into
 
Level 1 from
Level 2
 
Level 2 from
Level 1
 
Level 1 from
Level 2
 
Level 2 from
Level 1
 
(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities
$
48.0

 
$

 
$
205.9

 
$
20.5

States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions

 
53.1

 
41.9

 
74.8

Foreign Governments

 

 
20.7

 

Public Utilities
577.9

 
53.5

 
479.0

 
483.6

All Other Corporate Bonds
2,536.4

 
992.2

 
2,823.3

 
1,706.0

Total Fixed Maturity Securities
$
3,162.3

 
$
1,098.8

 
$
3,570.8

 
$
2,284.9



Transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 occurred due to the change in availability of either a TRACE or broker market maker price. Depending on current market conditions, the availability of these Level 1 prices can vary from period to period. For fair value measurements of financial instruments that were transferred either into or out of Level 1 or 2, we reflect the transfers using the fair value at the beginning of the period.
Changes in Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Changes in assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) are as follows:
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2013
 
 
 
Total Realized and
Unrealized Investment
Gains (Losses) Included in
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning
of Period
 
Earnings
 
Other
Comprehensive
Income or Loss
 
Purchases
 
Sales
 
Level 3 Transfers
 
End of
Period
 
Into
 
Out of
 
 
(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions
$
152.0

 
$

 
$
(0.1
)
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
151.9

Foreign Governments
80.0

 

 
(1.4
)
 

 

 

 

 
78.6

Public Utilities
354.2

 

 
(5.2
)
 

 

 
144.1

 
(201.3
)
 
291.8

Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities
14.9

 
(1.3
)
 
0.9

 

 
(14.0
)
 

 

 
0.5

All Other Corporate Bonds
1,042.5

 
(1.0
)
 
(2.5
)
 
7.0

 
(23.0
)
 
540.7

 
(351.2
)
 
1,212.5

Redeemable Preferred Stocks
24.2

 

 
(0.1
)
 

 

 

 

 
24.1

Total Fixed Maturity Securities
1,667.8

 
(2.3
)
 
(8.4
)
 
7.0

 
(37.0
)
 
684.8

 
(552.5
)
 
1,759.4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity Securities
4.4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
4.4

Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement
(65.1
)
 
(0.3
)
 

 

 

 

 

 
(65.4
)
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2012
 
 
 
Total Realized and
Unrealized Investment
Gains (Losses) Included in
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning
of Period
 
Earnings
 
Other
Comprehensive
Income or Loss
 
Purchases
 
Sales
 
Level 3 Transfers
 
End of
Period
 
Into
 
Out of
 
 
(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions
$

 
$

 
$
2.0

 
$

 
$

 
$
108.1

 
$

 
$
110.1

Foreign Governments

 

 
1.3

 

 

 
44.8

 

 
46.1

Public Utilities
162.8

 

 
8.4

 

 
(1.7
)
 
340.5

 
(10.9
)
 
499.1

Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities
0.6

 

 
0.4

 

 

 
7.4

 

 
8.4

All Other Corporate Bonds
639.6

 

 
19.8

 

 
(5.3
)
 
386.7

 
(146.2
)
 
894.6

Redeemable Preferred Stocks
22.2

 

 

 

 

 

 
(22.2
)
 

Total Fixed Maturity Securities
825.2

 

 
31.9

 

 
(7.0
)
 
887.5

 
(179.3
)
 
1,558.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Equity Securities
4.4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
4.4

Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement
(126.7
)
 
19.7

 

 

 

 

 

 
(107.0
)
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013
 
 
 
Total Realized and
Unrealized Investment
Gains (Losses) Included in
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning
of Year
 
Earnings
 
Other
Comprehensive
Income or Loss
 
Purchases
 
Sales
 
Level 3 Transfers
 
End of
Period
 
Into
 
Out of
 
 
(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions
$
128.7

 
$

 
$
(8.4
)
 
$

 
$
(0.5
)
 
$
32.1

 
$

 
$
151.9

Foreign Governments
82.1

 

 
(3.5
)
 

 

 

 

 
78.6

Public Utilities
574.4

 

 
(19.4
)
 

 
(3.6
)
 
244.7

 
(504.3
)
 
291.8

Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities
0.5

 

 
0.1

 

 
(0.1
)
 

 

 
0.5

All Other Corporate Bonds
1,177.8

 
1.1

 
(70.5
)
 
30.1

 
(86.9
)
 
807.4

 
(646.5
)
 
1,212.5

Redeemable Preferred Stocks
24.8

 

 
(0.7
)
 

 

 

 

 
24.1

Total Fixed Maturity Securities
1,988.3

 
1.1

 
(102.4
)
 
30.1

 
(91.1
)
 
1,084.2

 
(1,150.8
)
 
1,759.4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity Securities
4.3

 

 
0.1

 

 

 

 

 
4.4

Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement
(83.9
)
 
18.5

 

 

 

 

 

 
(65.4
)
 
 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012
 
 
 
Total Realized and
Unrealized Investment
Gains (Losses) Included in
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning
of Year
 
Earnings
 
Other
Comprehensive
Income or Loss
 
Purchases
 
Sales
 
Level 3 Transfers
 
End of
Period
 
Into
 
Out of
 
 
(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions
$
68.1

 
$

 
$
(0.9
)
 
$

 
$
(0.3
)
 
$
43.2

 
$

 
$
110.1

Foreign Governments

 

 
5.2

 

 

 
40.9

 

 
46.1

Public Utilities
338.9

 

 
5.4

 
3.6

 
(3.7
)
 
361.7

 
(206.8
)
 
499.1

Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities
31.7

 

 
0.9

 
7.0

 
(0.1
)
 

 
(31.1
)
 
8.4

All Other Corporate Bonds
665.5

 

 
34.0

 
30.2

 
(49.0
)
 
448.0

 
(234.1
)
 
894.6

Redeemable Preferred Stocks
37.2

 
(1.0
)
 
0.8

 

 
(14.3
)
 

 
(22.7
)
 

Total Fixed Maturity Securities
1,141.4

 
(1.0
)
 
45.4

 
40.8

 
(67.4
)
 
893.8

 
(494.7
)
 
1,558.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Equity Securities
11.2

 

 

 

 
(0.1
)
 

 
(6.7
)
 
4.4

Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement
(135.7
)
 
28.7

 

 

 

 

 

 
(107.0
)



Realized and unrealized investment gains and losses presented in the preceding tables represent gains and losses only for the time during which the applicable financial instruments were classified as Level 3. The transfers between levels resulted primarily from a change in observability of three inputs used to determine fair values of the securities transferred: (1) transactional data for new issuance and secondary trades, (2) broker/dealer quotes and pricing, primarily related to changes in the level of activity in the market and whether the market was considered orderly, and (3) comparable bond metrics from which to perform an analysis. For fair value measurements of financial instruments that were transferred either into or out of Level 3, we reflect the transfers using the fair value at the beginning of the period. Gains and losses which are included in earnings and are attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to assets or liabilities valued using significant unobservable inputs and still held at period end were $(0.3) million and $18.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively, and $19.7 million and $28.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012, respectively. These amounts relate entirely to the changes in fair value of an embedded derivative in a modified coinsurance arrangement which are reported as realized investment gains and losses.
Quantitative Information Regarding Significant Unobservable Inputs
Quantitative information regarding the significant unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements, all of which are internally derived, is as follows:
 
September 30, 2013
 
Fair Value
 
Unobservable Input
 
Range/Weighted Average
 
(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
 
 
 
 
 
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions - Private
$
118.5

 
- Comparability Adjustment
(b)
0.25% - 1.25% / 0.74%
Public Utilities
66.5

 
- Volatility of Credit
(e)
0.50% - 0.75% / 0.59%
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities - Private
0.5

 
- Discount for Size
(c)
5.23% - 5.33% / 5.31%
All Other Corporate Bonds - Private
234.2

 
- Change in Benchmark Reference
- Comparability Adjustment
- Discount for Size
- Lack of Marketability
- Volatility of Credit
- Market Convention
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
2.71% - 2.71% / 2.71%
(0.70)% - (0.40)% / (0.60)%
0.50% - 0.50% / 0.50%
0.20% - 1.00% / 0.55%
0.20% - 4.00% / 0.97%
Priced at Par
All Other Corporate Bonds - Public
228.8

 
- Comparability Adjustment
- Lack of Marketability
- Volatility of Credit
(b)
(d)
(e)
(0.62)% - 1.00% / 0.27%
0.20% - 0.25% / 0.21%
(0.84)% - 0.75% / (0.29)%
Equity Securities - Private
4.0

 
- Market Convention
(f)
Priced at Cost or Owner's Equity
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement
(65.4
)
 
- Projected Liability Cash Flows
(g)
Actuarial Assumptions
 
December 31, 2012
 
Fair Value
 
Unobservable Input
 
Range/Weighted Average
 
(in millions of dollars)
Fixed Maturity Securities
 
 
 
 
 
States, Municipalities, and Political Subdivisions - Private
$
42.7

 
- Comparability Adjustment
- Lack of Marketability
- Volatility of Credit
(b)
(d)
(e)
0.25% - 0.25% / 0.25%
0.25% - 0.25% / 0.25%
0.15% - 0.15% / 0.15%
Public Utilities
17.4

 
- Comparability Adjustment
(b)
0.20% - 0.20% / 0.20%
Mortgage/Asset-Backed Securities - Private
0.5

 
- Discount for Size
(c)
5.74% - 5.84% / 5.81%
All Other Corporate Bonds - Private
391.8

 
- Change in Benchmark Reference
- Comparability Adjustment
- Discount for Size
- Lack of Marketability
- Volatility of Credit
- Market Convention
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
0.04% - 2.89% / 0.28%
1.48% - 1.48% / 1.48%
0.10% - 0.50% / 0.24%
0.10% - 1.00% / 0.46%
(0.25)% -7.72% / 1.51%
Priced at Par
All Other Corporate Bonds - Public
165.0

 
- Change in Benchmark Reference
- Comparability Adjustment
- Discount for Size
- Lack of Marketability
- Volatility of Credit
- Market Convention
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
0.25% - 0.25% / 0.25%
(0.59)% - 1.00% / 0.27%
0.25% - 0.25% / 0.25%
0.20% - 0.30% / 0.24%
(0.30)% - (0.30)% / (0.30)%
Priced at Par
Equity Securities - Private
4.0

 
- Market Convention
(f)
Priced at Cost or Owner's Equity
Embedded Derivative in Modified Coinsurance Arrangement
(83.9
)
 
- Projected Liability Cash Flows
(g)
Actuarial Assumptions

(a)
Represents basis point adjustments for changes in benchmark spreads associated with various ratings categories
(b)
Represents basis point adjustments for changes in benchmark spreads associated with various industry sectors
(c)
Represents basis point adjustments based on issue/issuer size relative to the benchmark
(d)
Represents basis point adjustments to apply a discount due to the illiquidity of an investment
(e)
Represents basis point adjustments for credit-specific factors
(f)
Represents a decision to price based on par value, cost, or owner's equity when limited data is available
(g)
Represents various actuarial assumptions required to derive the liability cash flows including incidence, termination, and lapse rates