10-K 1 d487202d10k.htm FORM 10-K Form 10-K

 

 

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 10-K

 

þ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 29, 2012

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For The Transition Period From                      To                     

Commission file number 1-4171

Kellogg Company

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware   38-0710690

(State or other jurisdiction of Incorporation

or organization)

  (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

 

 

One Kellogg Square

Battle Creek, Michigan 49016-3599

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

Registrant’s telephone number: (269) 961-2000

 

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Act:

 

Title of each class:    Name of each exchange on which registered:
Common Stock, $.25 par value per share    New York Stock Exchange

 

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Securities Act: None

 

 

Indicate by a check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  þ    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15 (d) of the Act.    Yes  ¨    No  þ

Note — Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act from their obligations under those Sections.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  þ    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  þ    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.    þ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one)

 

Large accelerated filer    þ     Accelerated filer     ¨      Non-accelerated filer     ¨      Smaller reporting company     ¨ 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  ¨    No  þ

The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant (assuming for purposes of this computation only that the W. K. Kellogg Foundation Trust, directors and executive officers may be affiliates) as of the close of business on June 30, 2012 was approximately $13.7 billion based on the closing price of $49.33 for one share of common stock, as reported for the New York Stock Exchange on that date.

As of January 26, 2013, 361,890,602 shares of the common stock of the registrant were issued and outstanding.

Parts of the registrant’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareowners to be held on April 26, 2013 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Report.

 

 

 


PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

The Company. Kellogg Company, founded in 1906 and incorporated in Delaware in 1922, and its subsidiaries are engaged in the manufacture and marketing of ready-to-eat cereal and convenience foods.

The address of the principal business office of Kellogg Company is One Kellogg Square, P.O. Box 3599, Battle Creek, Michigan 49016-3599. Unless otherwise specified or indicated by the context, “Kellogg,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Kellogg Company, its divisions and subsidiaries.

Financial Information About Segments. Information on segments is located in Note 16 within Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Principal Products. Our principal products are ready-to-eat cereals and convenience foods, such as cookies, crackers, savory snacks, toaster pastries, cereal bars, fruit-flavored snacks, frozen waffles and veggie foods. These products were, as of February 26, 2013, manufactured by us in 18 countries and marketed in more than 180 countries. Our cereal products are generally marketed under the Kellogg’s name and are sold to the grocery trade through direct sales forces for resale to consumers. We use broker and distributor arrangements for certain products. We also generally use these, or similar arrangements, in less-developed market areas or in those market areas outside of our focus.

We also market cookies, crackers, crisps, and other convenience foods, under brands such as Kellogg’s, Keebler, Cheez-It, Murray, Austin and Famous Amos, to supermarkets in the United States through a direct store-door (DSD) delivery system, although other distribution methods are also used.

Additional information pertaining to the relative sales of our products for the years 2010 through 2012 is located in Note 16 within Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, which are included herein under Part II, Item 8.

Raw Materials. Agricultural commodities, including corn, wheat, soy bean oil, sugar and cocoa, are the principal raw materials used in our products. Cartonboard, corrugated, and plastic are the principal packaging materials used by us. We continually monitor world supplies and prices of such commodities (which include such packaging materials), as well as government trade policies. The cost of such commodities may fluctuate widely due to government policy and regulation, weather conditions, climate change or other unforeseen circumstances. Continuous efforts are made to maintain and improve the quality and supply of such commodities for purposes of our short-term and long-term requirements.

The principal ingredients in the products produced by us in the United States include corn grits, wheat and wheat derivatives, oats, rice, cocoa and chocolate, soybeans and soybean derivatives, various fruits, sweeteners, flour, vegetable oils, dairy products, eggs, and other filling ingredients, which are obtained from various sources. Most of these commodities are purchased principally from sources in the United States.

We enter into long-term contracts for the commodities described in this section and purchase these items on the open market, depending on our view of possible price fluctuations, supply levels, and our relative negotiating power. While the cost of some of these commodities has, and may continue to, increase over time, we believe that we will be able to purchase an adequate supply of these items as needed. As further discussed herein under Part II, Item 7A, we also use commodity futures and options to hedge some of our costs.

Raw materials and packaging needed for internationally based operations are available in adequate supply and are sometimes imported from countries other than those where used in manufacturing.

Natural gas and propane are the primary sources of energy used to power processing ovens at major domestic and international facilities, although certain locations may use oil or propane on a back-up or alternative basis. In addition, considerable amounts of diesel fuel are used in connection with the distribution of our products. As further discussed herein under Part II, Item 7A, we use over-the-counter commodity price swaps to hedge some of our natural gas costs.

Trademarks and Technology. Generally, our products are marketed under trademarks we own. Our principal trademarks are our housemarks, brand names, slogans, and designs related to cereals and convenience foods manufactured and marketed by us, and we also grant licenses to third parties to use these marks on various goods. These trademarks include Kellogg’s for cereals, convenience foods and our other products, and the brand names of certain ready-to-eat cereals, including All-Bran, Apple Jacks, Bran Buds, Cinnamon Crunch Crispix, Choco Zucaritas, Cocoa Krispies, Complete, Kellogg’s Corn Flakes, Corn Pops, Cracklin’ Oat Bran, Crispix, Cruncheroos, Crunchmania, Crunchy Nut, Eggo, Kellogg’s FiberPlus, Froot Loops, Kellogg’s Frosted Flakes, Kellogg’s Krave, Frosted Krispies, Frosted Mini-Wheats, Fruit Harvest, Just Right, Kellogg’s Low Fat Granola, Mueslix, Pops, Product 19, Kellogg’s Raisin Bran, Raisin Bran Crunch, Rice Krispies,

 

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Rice Krispies Treats, Smacks/Honey Smacks, Smart Start, Kellogg’s Smorz, Special K, Special K Red Berries and Zucaritas in the United States and elsewhere; Crusli, Sucrilhos, Vector, Musli, NutriDia, and Choco Krispis for cereals in Latin America; Vive and Vector in Canada; Coco Pops, Country Store, Chocos, Frosties, Fruit‘N Fibre, Kellogg’s Crunchy Nut Corn Flakes, Krave, Honey Loops, Kellogg’s Extra, Sustain, Muslix, Ricicles, Smacks, Start, Pops, Optima and Tresor for cereals in Europe; and Cerola, Sultana Bran, Chex, Frosties, Goldies, Rice Bubbles, Nutri-Grain, Kellogg’s Iron Man Food, and BeBig for cereals in Asia and Australia. Additional trademarks are the names of certain combinations of ready-to-eat Kellogg’s cereals, including Fun Pak, Jumbo, and Variety.

Other brand names include Kellogg’s Corn Flake Crumbs; All-Bran, Choco Krispis, Froot Loops, Special K, NutriDia, Kuadri-Krispis, Zucaritas and Crusli for cereal bars, Komplete for biscuits; and Kaos for snacks in Mexico and elsewhere in Latin America; Pop-Tarts and Pop-Tarts Ice Cream Shoppe for toaster pastries; Pop-Tarts Mini Crisps for crackers; Eggo, Eggo FiberPlus and Nutri-Grain for frozen waffles and pancakes; Rice Krispies Treats for convenience foods; Special K and Special K2O for flavored protein water mixes and protein shakes; Nutri-Grain cereal bars, Nutri-Grain yogurt bars, for convenience foods in the United States and elsewhere; K-Time, Rice Bubbles, Day Dawn, Be Natural, Sunibrite and LCMs for convenience foods in Asia and Australia; Nutri-Grain Squares, Nutri-Grain Elevenses, and Rice Krispies Squares for convenience foods in Europe; Kashi and GoLean for certain cereals, nutrition bars, and mixes; TLC for granola and cereal bars, crackers and cookies; Special K and Vector for meal replacement products; Bear Naked for granola cereal, bars and trail mix, Pringles for potato crisps and sticks, and Morningstar Farms, Loma Linda, Natural Touch, Gardenburger and Worthington for certain meat and egg alternatives.

We also market convenience foods under trademarks and tradenames which include Keebler, Austin, Keebler Baker’s Treasures, Cheez-It, Chips Deluxe, Club, E. L. Fudge, Famous Amos, Fudge Shoppe, Kellogg’s FiberPlus, Gripz, Jack’s, Jackson’s, Krispy, Mother’s, Murray, Murray Sugar Free, Ready Crust, Right Bites, Sandies, Special K, Soft Batch, Stretch Island, Sunshine, Toasteds, Town House, Vienna Creams, Vienna Fingers, Wheatables and Zesta. One of our subsidiaries is also the exclusive licensee of the Carr’s cracker line in the United States.

Our trademarks also include logos and depictions of certain animated characters in conjunction with our products, including Snap!Crackle!Pop! for Cocoa Krispies and Rice Krispies cereals and Rice Krispies Treats convenience foods; Tony the Tiger for Kellogg’s Frosted Flakes, Zucaritas, Sucrilhos and Frosties cereals and convenience foods; Ernie Keebler for cookies, convenience foods and other products; the Hollow Tree logo for certain convenience foods; Toucan Sam for Froot Loops cereal; Dig ‘Em for Smacks/Honey Smacks cereal; Sunny for Kellogg’s Raisin Bran and Raisin Bran Crunch cereals, Coco the Monkey for Coco Pops cereal; Cornelius for Kellogg’s Corn Flakes; Melvin the Elephant for certain cereal and convenience foods; Chocos the Bear, Sammy the Seal (aka Smaxey the Seal) for certain cereal products and Mr. P or Julius Pringles for Pringles potato crisps and sticks.

The slogans The Best To You Each Morning, The Original & Best, They’re Gr-r-reat!, The Difference is K, One Bowl Stronger, Supercharged, Earn Your Stripes and Gotta Have My Pops, are used in connection with our ready-to-eat cereals, along with L’ Eggo my Eggo, used in connection with our frozen waffles and pancakes, Elfin Magic, Childhood Is Calling, The Cookies in the Passionate Purple Package. Uncommonly Good and Baked with Care used in connection with convenience food products, Seven Whole Grains on a Mission used in connection with Kashi natural foods and See Veggies Differently used in connection with meat and egg alternatives and Everything Pops With Pringles used in connection with potato crisps are also important Kellogg trademarks.

The trademarks listed above, among others, when taken as a whole, are important to our business. Certain individual trademarks are also important to our business. Depending on the jurisdiction, trademarks are generally valid as long as they are in use and/or their registrations are properly maintained and they have not been found to have become generic. Registrations of trademarks can also generally be renewed indefinitely as long as the trademarks are in use.

We consider that, taken as a whole, the rights under our various patents, which expire from time to time, are a valuable asset, but we do not believe that our businesses are materially dependent on any single patent or group of related patents. Our activities under licenses or other franchises or concessions which we hold are similarly a valuable asset, but are not believed to be material.

Seasonality. Demand for our products has generally been approximately level throughout the year, although some of our convenience foods have a bias for stronger demand in the second half of the year due to events and holidays. We also custom-bake cookies for the Girl Scouts of the U.S.A., which are principally sold in the first quarter of the year.

 

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Working Capital. Although terms vary around the world and by business types, in the United States we generally have required payment for goods sold eleven or sixteen days subsequent to the date of invoice as 2% 10/net 11 or 1% 15/net 16. Receipts from goods sold, supplemented as required by borrowings, provide for our payment of dividends, repurchases of our common stock, capital expansion, and for other operating expenses and working capital needs.

Customers. Our largest customer, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. and its affiliates, accounted for approximately 20% of consolidated net sales during 2012, comprised principally of sales within the United States. At December 29, 2012, approximately 18% of our consolidated receivables balance and 26% of our U.S. receivables balance was comprised of amounts owed by Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. and its affiliates. No other customer accounted for greater than 10% of net sales in 2012. During 2012, our top five customers, collectively, including Wal-Mart, accounted for approximately 33% of our consolidated net sales and approximately 45% of U.S. net sales. There has been significant worldwide consolidation in the grocery industry in recent years and we believe that this trend is likely to continue. Although the loss of any large customer for an extended length of time could negatively impact our sales and profits, we do not anticipate that this will occur to a significant extent due to the consumer demand for our products and our relationships with our customers. Our products have been generally sold through our own sales forces and through broker and distributor arrangements, and have been generally resold to consumers in retail stores, restaurants, and other food service establishments.

Backlog. For the most part, orders are filled within a few days of receipt and are subject to cancellation at any time prior to shipment. The backlog of any unfilled orders at December 29, 2012 and December 31, 2011 was not material to us.

Competition. We have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, intense competition for sales of all of our principal products in our major product categories, both domestically and internationally. Our products compete with advertised and branded products of a similar nature as well as unadvertised and private label products, which are typically distributed at lower prices, and generally with other food products. Principal methods and factors of competition include new product introductions, product quality, taste, convenience, nutritional value, price, advertising and promotion.

Research and Development. Research to support and expand the use of our existing products and to develop new food products is carried on at the W. K. Kellogg Institute for Food and Nutrition Research in Battle Creek, Michigan, and at other locations around the world. Our expenditures for research and development were approximately (in millions): 2012-$206; 2011-$192; 2010-$187.

Regulation. Our activities in the United States are subject to regulation by various government agencies, including the Food and Drug Administration, Federal Trade Commission and the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce and Labor, as well as voluntary regulation by other bodies. Various state and local agencies also regulate our activities. Other agencies and bodies outside of the United States, including those of the European Union and various countries, states and municipalities, also regulate our activities.

Environmental Matters. Our facilities are subject to various U.S. and foreign, federal, state, and local laws and regulations regarding the release of material into the environment and the protection of the environment in other ways. We are not a party to any material proceedings arising under these regulations. We believe that compliance with existing environmental laws and regulations will not materially affect our consolidated financial condition or our competitive position.

Employees. At December 29, 2012, we had approximately 31,000 employees.

Financial Information About Geographic Areas. Information on geographic areas is located in Note 16 within Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, which are included herein under Part II, Item 8.

Executive Officers. The names, ages, and positions of our executive officers (as of February 26, 2013) are listed below, together with their business experience. Executive officers are elected annually by the Board of Directors.

 

James M. Jenness

    66   
Chairman of the Board  

Mr. Jenness has been our Chairman since February 2005 and has served as a Kellogg director since 2000. From February 2005 until December 2006, he also served as our Chief Executive Officer. He was Chief Executive Officer of Integrated Merchandising Systems, LLC, a leader in outsource management of retail promotion and branded merchandising from 1997 to December 2004. He is also Lead Director of Kimberly-Clark Corporation.

 

John A. Bryant

    47   

President and Chief Executive Officer

Mr. Bryant has served as a Kellogg director since July 2010. In January 2011, he was appointed President and Chief Executive Officer after having served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer since August 2008.

 

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Mr. Bryant joined Kellogg in March 1998, and was promoted during the next eight years to a number of key financial and executive leadership roles. He was appointed Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Kellogg Company, President, Kellogg International in December 2006. In July 2007, Mr. Bryant was appointed Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Kellogg Company, President, Kellogg North America and in August 2008, he was appointed Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Bryant served as Chief Financial Officer through December 2009.

 

Bradford J. Davidson

    52   

Senior Vice President, Kellogg Company

President, Kellogg North America

Brad Davidson was appointed President, Kellogg North America in August 2008. Mr. Davidson joined Kellogg Canada as a sales representative in 1984. He held numerous positions in Canada, including manager of trade promotions, account executive, brand manager, area sales manager, director of customer marketing and category management, and director of Western Canada. Mr. Davidson transferred to Kellogg USA in 1997 as director, trade marketing. He later was promoted to Vice President, Channel Sales and Marketing and then to Vice President, National Teams Sales and Marketing. In 2000, he was promoted to Senior Vice President, Sales for the Morning Foods Division, Kellogg USA, and to Executive Vice President and Chief Customer Officer, Morning Foods Division, Kellogg USA in 2002. In June 2003, Mr. Davidson was appointed President, U.S. Snacks and promoted in August 2003 to Senior Vice President.

 

Ronald L. Dissinger

    54   

Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Ron Dissinger was appointed Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer effective January 2010. Mr. Dissinger joined Kellogg in 1987 as an accounting supervisor, and during the next 14 years served in a number of key financial leadership roles, both in the United States and Australia. In 2001, he was promoted to Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, U.S. Morning Foods. In 2004, Mr. Dissinger became Vice President, Corporate Financial Planning, and CFO, Kellogg International. In 2005, he became Vice President and CFO, Kellogg Europe and CFO, Kellogg International. In 2007, Mr. Dissinger was appointed Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Kellogg North America.

 

Alistair D. Hirst

    53   

Senior Vice President, Global Supply Chain

Mr. Hirst assumed his current position in April 2012. He joined the company in 1984 as a Food Technologist at the Springs, South Africa, plant. While at the facility, he was promoted to Quality Assurance Manager and Production Manager. From 1993-2001, Mr. Hirst held numerous positions in South Africa and Australia, including Production Manager, Plant Manager, and Director, Supply Chain. In 2001, Mr. Hirst was promoted to Director, Procurement at the Manchester, England, facility and was later named European Logistics Director. In 2005, he transferred to the U.S. when promoted to Vice President, Global Procurement. In 2008, he was promoted to Senior Vice President, Snacks Supply Chain and to Senior Vice President, North America Supply Chain, in October 2011.

 

Samantha J. Long

    45   

Senior Vice President, Global Human Resources

Ms. Long assumed her current position January 1, 2013. She joined the company in 2003 as Director, Human Resources for the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland and Middle East/Mediterranean businesses as well as the European finance, sales, human resources, research and development, information technology, communications and innovations functions. In 2006, Ms. Long transferred to the United States when she was promoted to Vice President, Human Resources, U.S. Morning Foods & Kashi. She also served as human resources business partner to the senior vice president of global human resources. From 2008 to 2013, she held the position of Vice President, Kellogg North America. Before joining the company, she was head of human resources for Sharp Electronics based in the United Kingdom. Prior to that role, she held a number of positions in her 15-year tenure with International Computers Limited, part of the Fujitsu family of companies.

 

Paul T. Norman

    48   

Senior Vice President, Kellogg Company

President, Kellogg International

Paul Norman was appointed President, Kellogg International in August 2008. Mr. Norman joined Kellogg’s U.K. sales organization in 1987. He was promoted to director, marketing, Kellogg de Mexico in January 1997; to Vice President, Marketing, Kellogg USA in February 1999; and to President, Kellogg Canada Inc. in December 2000. In February 2002, he was promoted to Managing Director, United Kingdom/Republic of Ireland and to Vice President in August 2003. He was appointed President, U.S. Morning Foods in September 2004. In December 2005, Mr. Norman was promoted to Senior Vice President.

 

Gary H. Pilnick

    48   

Senior Vice President, General Counsel,

Corporate Development and Secretary

Mr. Pilnick was appointed Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary in August 2003 and

 

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assumed responsibility for Corporate Development in June 2004. He joined Kellogg as Vice President — Deputy General Counsel and Assistant Secretary in September 2000 and served in that position until August 2003. Before joining Kellogg, he served as Vice President and Chief Counsel of Sara Lee Branded Apparel and as Vice President and Chief Counsel, Corporate Development and Finance at Sara Lee Corporation.

 

Maribeth A. Dangel

    47   

Vice President and Corporate Controller

Ms. Dangel assumed her current position in April 2012. She joined Kellogg Company in 1997 as a manager in the tax department. In 2006, Ms. Dangel became a manager for accounting research, was promoted to director, corporate financial reporting in 2007, and was promoted to vice president, financial reporting in May 2010. Before joining the company, she was a tax manager for Price Waterhouse in Indianapolis, Indiana. Prior to that role, she worked as a tax specialist for Dow Corning Corporation in Midland, Michigan.

Availability of Reports; Website Access; Other Information. Our internet address is http://www.kelloggcompany.com. Through “Investor Relations” — “Financials” — “SEC Filings” on our home page, we make available free of charge our proxy statements, our annual report on Form 10-K, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, our current reports on Form 8-K, SEC Forms 3, 4 and 5 and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. Our reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission are also made available to read and copy at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information about the Public Reference Room by contacting the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Reports filed with the SEC are also made available on its website at www.sec.gov.

Copies of the Corporate Governance Guidelines, the Charters of the Audit, Compensation and Nominating and Governance Committees of the Board of Directors, the Code of Conduct for Kellogg Company directors and Global Code of Ethics for Kellogg Company employees (including the chief executive officer, chief financial officer and corporate controller) can also be found on the Kellogg Company website. Any amendments or waivers to the Global Code of Ethics applicable to the chief executive officer, chief financial officer and corporate controller can also be found in the “Investor Relations” section of the Kellogg Company website. Shareowners may also request a free copy of these documents from: Kellogg Company, P.O. Box CAMB, Battle Creek, Michigan 49016-9935 (phone: (800) 961-1413), Investor Relations Department at that same address (phone: (269) 961-2800) or investor.relations@kellogg.com.

Forward-Looking Statements. This Report contains “forward-looking statements” with projections concerning, among other things, the integration of the Pringles® business, our strategy, financial principles, and plans; initiatives, improvements and growth; sales, gross margins, advertising, promotion, merchandising, brand building, operating profit, and earnings per share; innovation; investments; capital expenditures; asset write-offs and expenditures and costs related to productivity or efficiency initiatives; the impact of accounting changes and significant accounting estimates; our ability to meet interest and debt principal repayment obligations; minimum contractual obligations; future common stock repurchases or debt reduction; effective income tax rate; cash flow and core working capital improvements; interest expense; commodity and energy prices; and employee benefit plan costs and funding. Forward-looking statements include predictions of future results or activities and may contain the words “expect,” “believe,” “will,” “can,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “project,” “should,” or words or phrases of similar meaning. For example, forward-looking statements are found in this Item 1 and in several sections of Management’s Discussion and Analysis. Our actual results or activities may differ materially from these predictions. Our future results could be affected by a variety of factors, including the ability to integrate the Pringles® business and the realization of the anticipated benefits from the acquisition in the amounts and at the times expected, the impact of competitive conditions; the effectiveness of pricing, advertising, and promotional programs; the success of innovation, renovation and new product introductions; the recoverability of the carrying value of goodwill and other intangibles; the success of productivity improvements and business transitions; commodity and energy prices; labor costs; disruptions or inefficiencies in supply chain; the availability of and interest rates on short-term and long-term financing; actual market performance of benefit plan trust investments; the levels of spending on systems initiatives, properties, business opportunities, integration of acquired businesses, and other general and administrative costs; changes in consumer behavior and preferences; the effect of U.S. and foreign economic conditions on items such as interest rates, statutory tax rates, currency conversion and availability; legal and regulatory factors including changes in food safety, advertising and labeling laws and regulations; the ultimate impact of product recalls; business disruption or other losses from war, terrorist acts, or political unrest; other items; and the risks and uncertainties described in Item 1A below. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they were made, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update them.

 

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

In addition to the factors discussed elsewhere in this Report, the following risks and uncertainties could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial also may impair our business operations and financial condition.

Our results may be materially and adversely impacted as a result of increases in the price of raw materials, including agricultural commodities, fuel and labor.

Agricultural commodities, including corn, wheat, soybean oil, sugar and cocoa, are the principal raw materials used in our products. Cartonboard, corrugated, and plastic are the principal packaging materials used by us. The cost of such commodities may fluctuate widely due to government policy and regulation, weather conditions, climate change or other unforeseen circumstances. To the extent that any of the foregoing factors affect the prices of such commodities and we are unable to increase our prices or adequately hedge against such changes in prices in a manner that offsets such changes, the results of our operations could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, we use derivatives to hedge price risk associated with forecasted purchases of raw materials. Our hedged price could exceed the spot price on the date of purchase, resulting in an unfavorable impact on both gross margin and net earnings.

Cereal processing ovens at major domestic and international facilities are regularly fueled by natural gas or propane, which are obtained from local utilities or other local suppliers. Short-term stand-by propane storage exists at several plants for use in case of interruption in natural gas supplies. Oil may also be used to fuel certain operations at various plants. In addition, considerable amounts of diesel fuel are used in connection with the distribution of our products. The cost of fuel may fluctuate widely due to economic and political conditions, government policy and regulation, war, or other unforeseen circumstances which could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated operating results or financial condition.

A shortage in the labor pool or other general inflationary pressures or changes in applicable laws and regulations could increase labor cost, which could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated operating results or financial condition.

Additionally, our labor costs include the cost of providing benefits for employees. We sponsor a number of defined benefit plans for employees in the United States and various foreign locations, including pension, retiree health and welfare, active health care, severance and other postemployment benefits. We also participate in a number of multiemployer pension plans for certain of our manufacturing locations. Our major pension plans and U.S. retiree health and welfare plans are funded with trust assets invested in a globally diversified portfolio of equity securities with smaller holdings of bonds, real estate and other investments. The annual cost of benefits can vary significantly from year to year and is materially affected by such factors as changes in the assumed or actual rate of return on major plan assets, a change in the weighted-average discount rate used to measure obligations, the rate or trend of health care cost inflation, and the outcome of collectively-bargained wage and benefit agreements.

Our operations face significant foreign currency exchange rate exposure and currency restrictions which could negatively impact our operating results.

We hold assets and incur liabilities, earn revenue and pay expenses in a variety of currencies other than the U.S. dollar, including the euro, British pound, Australian dollar, Canadian dollar, Mexican peso, Venezuelan bolivar fuerte and Russian ruble. Because our consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, we must translate our assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses into U.S. dollars at then-applicable exchange rates. Consequently, changes in the value of the U.S. dollar may unpredictably and negatively affect the value of these items in our consolidated financial statements, even if their value has not changed in their original currency.

If our food products become adulterated, misbranded or mislabeled, we might need to recall those items and may experience product liability if consumers are injured as a result.

Selling food products involves a number of legal and other risks, including product contamination, spoilage, product tampering, allergens, or other adulteration. We may need to recall some of our products if they become adulterated or misbranded. We may also be liable if the consumption of any of our products causes injury, illness or death. A widespread product recall or market withdrawal could result in significant losses due to their costs, the destruction of product inventory, and lost sales due to the unavailability of product for a period of time. For example, in October 2012, we initiated a recall of certain packages of Mini-Wheats cereal due to the possible presence of fragments of flexible metal mesh from a faulty manufacturing part. We could also suffer losses from a significant product liability judgment against us. A significant product recall or product liability case could also result in adverse publicity, damage to our reputation, and a loss of consumer confidence in our food products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business results and the value of our brands. Moreover, even if a product liability or consumer fraud claim is meritless, does not prevail or is not pursued, the negative publicity surrounding assertions against our company and our products or

 

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processes could adversely affect our reputation or brands.

We could also be adversely affected if consumers lose confidence in the safety and quality of certain food products or ingredients, or the food safety system generally. Adverse publicity about these types of concerns, whether or not valid, may discourage consumers from buying our products or cause production and delivery disruptions.

Disruption of our supply chain could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our ability, including manufacturing or distribution capabilities, and that of our suppliers, business partners and contract manufacturers, to make, move and sell products is critical to our success. Damage or disruption to our or their manufacturing or distribution capabilities due to weather, including any potential effects of climate change, natural disaster, fire or explosion, terrorism, pandemics, strikes, repairs or enhancements at our facilities, or other reasons, could impair our ability to manufacture or sell our products. Failure to take adequate steps to mitigate the likelihood or potential impact of such events, or to effectively manage such events if they occur, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as require additional resources to restore our supply chain.

Evolving tax, environmental, food quality and safety or other regulations or failure to comply with existing licensing, labeling, trade, food quality and safety and other regulations and laws could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition.

Our activities, both in and outside of the United States, are subject to regulation by various federal, state, provincial and local laws, regulations and government agencies, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Federal Trade Commission, the U.S. Departments of Agriculture, Commerce and Labor, as well as similar and other authorities of the European Union, International Accords and Treaties and others, including voluntary regulation by other bodies. The manufacturing, marketing and distribution of food products are subject to governmental regulation that impose additional regulatory requirements. Those regulations control such matters as food quality and safety, ingredients, advertising, labeling, relations with distributors and retailers, health and safety and the environment. We are also regulated with respect to matters such as licensing requirements, trade and pricing practices, tax and environmental matters. The need to comply with new or revised tax, environmental, food quality and safety or other laws or regulations, or new or changed interpretations or enforcement of existing laws or regulations, may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Further, if we are found to be out of compliance with applicable laws and regulations in these areas, we could be subject to civil remedies, including fines, injunctions, termination of necessary licenses or permits, or recalls, as well as potential criminal sanctions, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Even if regulatory review does not result in these types of determinations, it could potentially create negative publicity which could harm our business or reputation.

If we pursue strategic acquisitions, alliances, divestitures or joint ventures, we may not be able to successfully consummate favorable transactions or successfully integrate acquired businesses.

From time to time, we may evaluate potential acquisitions, alliances, divestitures or joint ventures that would further our strategic objectives. With respect to acquisitions, we may not be able to identify suitable candidates, consummate a transaction on terms that are favorable to us, or achieve expected returns and other benefits as a result of integration challenges. With respect to proposed divestitures of assets or businesses, we may encounter difficulty in finding acquirers or alternative exit strategies on terms that are favorable to us, which could delay the accomplishment of our strategic objectives, or our divestiture activities may require us to recognize impairment charges. Companies or operations acquired or joint ventures created may not be profitable or may not achieve sales levels and profitability that justify the investments made. Our corporate development activities may present financial and operational risks, including diversion of management attention from existing core businesses, integrating or separating personnel and financial and other systems, and adverse effects on existing business relationships with suppliers and customers. Future acquisitions could also result in potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities, the incurrence of debt, contingent liabilities and/or amortization expenses related to certain intangible assets and increased operating expenses, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Tax matters, including changes in tax rates, disagreements with taxing authorities and imposition of new taxes could impact our results of operations and financial condition.

Our profits earned outside the U.S. are generally taxed at lower rates than the U.S. statutory rates. The cash we generate outside the U.S. is principally to be used to fund our international development. If the funds generated by our U.S. business are not sufficient to meet our need for cash in the U.S., we may need to repatriate a portion of our future international earnings to the U.S. Such international earnings would be subject to U.S. tax which could cause our worldwide effective tax rate to increase.

 

8


We are subject to income taxes as well as non-income based taxes, such as payroll, sales, use, value-added, net worth, property, withholding and franchise taxes in both the U.S. and various foreign jurisdictions. We are also subject to regular reviews, examinations and audits by the Internal Revenue Service and other taxing authorities with respect to such income and non-income based taxes inside and outside of the U.S. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, if a taxing authority disagrees with the positions we have taken, we could face additional tax liability, including interest and penalties. There can be no assurance that payment of such additional amounts upon final adjudication of any disputes will not have a material impact on our results of operations and financial position.

The enactment of or increases in tariffs, including value added tax, or other changes in the application of existing taxes, in markets in which we are currently active or may be active in the future, or on specific products that we sell or with which our products compete, may have an adverse effect on our business or on our results of operations.

We may not be able to fully realize the anticipated benefits and synergies of the Pringles acquisition or in the expected time frame.

The overall success of the Pringles acquisition will depend, in part, on our ability to realize the anticipated benefits and synergies from combining and integrating the Pringles business into our existing business. We may not be able to fully achieve these objectives, or may not be able to achieve these objectives on a timely basis, and the anticipated future benefits and synergies therefore may not be realized fully or at all. We may also incur unanticipated costs. The acquisition involves challenges and risks, including risks that the transaction does not advance our business strategy or that we will not realize a satisfactory return. Any integration difficulties could decrease or eliminate the anticipated benefits and synergies of the Pringles acquisition and could negatively affect the trading prices of our stock and our future business and financial results.

Our consolidated financial results and demand for our products are dependent on the successful development of new products and processes.

There are a number of trends in consumer preferences which may impact us and the industry as a whole. These include changing consumer dietary trends and the availability of substitute products.

Our success is dependent on anticipating changes in consumer preferences and on successful new product and process development and product relaunches in response to such changes. We aim to introduce products or new or improved production processes on a timely basis in order to counteract obsolescence and decreases in sales of existing products. While we devote significant focus to the development of new products and to the research, development and technology process functions of our business, we may not be successful in developing new products or our new products may not be commercially successful. Our future results and our ability to maintain or improve our competitive position will depend on our capacity to gauge the direction of our key markets and upon our ability to successfully identify, develop, manufacture, market and sell new or improved products in these changing markets.

We operate in the highly competitive food industry.

We face competition across our product lines, including ready-to-eat cereals and convenience foods, from other companies which have varying abilities to withstand changes in market conditions. Most of our competitors have substantial financial, marketing and other resources, and competition with them in our various markets and product lines could cause us to reduce prices, increase capital, marketing or other expenditures, or lose category share, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial results. Category share and growth could also be adversely impacted if we are not successful in introducing new products.

Potential liabilities and costs from litigation could adversely affect our business.

There is no guarantee that we will be successful in defending our self in civil, criminal or regulatory actions, including under general, commercial, employment, environmental, food quality and safety, anti-trust and trade, and environmental laws and regulations, or in asserting its rights under various laws. In addition, we could incur substantial costs and fees in defending our self or in asserting our rights in these actions or meeting new legal requirements. The costs and other effects of potential and pending litigation and administrative actions against us, and new legal requirements, cannot be determined with certainty and may differ from expectations.

We have a substantial amount of indebtedness.

We have indebtedness that is substantial in relation to our shareholders’ equity. As of December 29, 2012, we had total debt of approximately $7.9 billion and total Kellogg Company equity of $2.4 billion.

Our substantial indebtedness could have important consequences, including:

 

 

impairing the ability to access global capital markets to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures or general corporate

 

9


 

purposes, particularly if the ratings assigned to our debt securities by rating organizations were revised downward or if a rating organization announces that our ratings are under review for a potential downgrade;

 

 

A downgrade in our credit ratings, particularly our short-term credit rating, would likely reduce the amount of commercial paper we could issue, increase our commercial paper borrowing costs, or both;

 

 

restricting our flexibility in responding to changing market conditions or making us more vulnerable in the event of a general downturn in economic conditions or our business;

 

 

requiring a substantial portion of the cash flow from operations to be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on our debt, reducing the funds available to us for other purposes such as expansion through acquisitions, paying dividends, repurchasing shares, marketing spending and expansion of our product offerings; and

 

 

causing us to be more leveraged than some of our competitors, which may place us at a competitive disadvantage.

Our ability to make scheduled payments or to refinance our obligations with respect to indebtedness will depend on our financial and operating performance, which in turn, is subject to prevailing economic conditions, the availability of, and interest rates on, short-term financing, and financial, business and other factors beyond our control.

Our performance is affected by general economic and political conditions and taxation policies.

Customer and consumer demand for our products may be impacted by recession, financial and credit market disruptions, or other economic downturns in the United States or other nations. Our results in the past have been, and in the future may continue to be, materially affected by changes in general economic and political conditions in the United States and other countries, including the interest rate environment in which we conduct business, the financial markets through which we access capital and currency, political unrest and terrorist acts in the United States or other countries in which we carry on business.

Current economic conditions globally, particularly in Europe may delay or reduce purchases by our customers and consumers. This could result in reductions in sales of our products, reduced acceptance of innovations, and increased price competition. Deterioration in economic conditions in any of the countries in which we do business could also cause slower collections on accounts receivable which may adversely impact our liquidity and financial condition. Financial institutions may be negatively impacted by economic conditions and may consolidate or cease to do business which could result in a tightening in the credit markets, a low level of liquidity in many financial markets, and increased volatility in fixed income, credit, currency and equity markets. There could be a number of effects from a financial institution credit crisis on our business, which could include impaired credit availability and financial stability of our customers, including our suppliers, co-manufacturers and distributors. A disruption in financial markets may also have an effect on our derivative counterparties and could also impair our banking partners on which we rely for operating cash management. Any of these events would likely harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We may be unable to maintain our profit margins in the face of a consolidating retail environment. In addition, the loss of one of our largest customers could negatively impact our sales and profits.

Our largest customer, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. and its affiliates, accounted for approximately 20% of consolidated net sales during 2012, comprised principally of sales within the United States. At December 29, 2012, approximately 18% of our consolidated receivables balance and 26% of our U.S. receivables balance was comprised of amounts owed by Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. and its affiliates. No other customer accounted for greater than 10% of net sales in 2012. During 2012, our top five customers, collectively, including Wal-Mart, accounted for approximately 33% of our consolidated net sales and approximately 45% of U.S. net sales. As the retail grocery trade continues to consolidate and mass marketers become larger, our large retail customers may seek to use their position to improve their profitability through improved efficiency, lower pricing and increased promotional programs. If we are unable to use our scale, marketing expertise, product innovation and category leadership positions to respond, our profitability or volume growth could be negatively affected. The loss of any large customer for an extended length of time could negatively impact our sales and profits.

An impairment of the carrying value of goodwill or other acquired intangibles could negatively affect our consolidated operating results and net worth.

The carrying value of goodwill represents the fair value of acquired businesses in excess of identifiable assets and liabilities as of the acquisition date. The carrying value of other intangibles represents the fair value of trademarks, trade names, and other acquired intangibles as of the acquisition date. Goodwill and other acquired intangibles expected to contribute indefinitely to our cash flows are not amortized, but must be evaluated by management at least annually for impairment. If carrying value exceeds current fair

 

10


value, the intangible is considered impaired and is reduced to fair value via a charge to earnings. Events and conditions which could result in an impairment include changes in the industries in which we operate, including competition and advances in technology; a significant product liability or intellectual property claim; or other factors leading to reduction in expected sales or profitability. Should the value of one or more of the acquired intangibles become impaired, our consolidated earnings and net worth may be materially adversely affected.

As of December 29, 2012, the carrying value of intangible assets totaled approximately $7.4 billion, of which $5.0 billion was goodwill and $2.4 billion represented trademarks, tradenames, and other acquired intangibles compared to total assets of $15.2 billion and total Kellogg Company equity of $2.4 billion.

Our postretirement benefit-related costs and funding requirements could increase as a result of volatility in the financial markets, changes in interest rates and actuarial assumptions.

Increases in the costs of postretirement medical and pension benefits may continue and negatively affect our business as a result of increased usage of medical benefits by retired employees and medical cost inflation, the effect of potential declines in the stock and bond markets on the performance of our pension and post-retirement plan assets, potential reductions in the discount rate used to determine the present value of our benefit obligations, and changes to our investment strategy that may impact our expected return on pension and post-retirement plan assets assumptions. U.S. generally accepted accounting principles require that we calculate income or expense for the plans using actuarial valuations. These valuations reflect assumptions about financial markets and interest rates, which may change based on economic conditions. The Company’s accounting policy for defined benefit plans may subject earnings to volatility due to the recognition of actuarial gains and losses, particularly those due to the change in the fair value of pension and post-retirement plan assets and interest rates. In addition, funding requirements for our plans may become more significant. However, the ultimate amounts to be contributed are dependent upon, among other things, interest rates, underlying asset returns, and the impact of legislative or regulatory changes related to pension and post-retirement funding obligations.

Multiemployer Pension Plans could adversely affect our business.

We participate in various “multiemployer” pension plans administered by labor unions representing some of our employees. We make periodic contributions to these plans to allow them to meet their pension benefit obligations to their participants. Our required contributions to these funds could increase because of a shrinking contribution base as a result of the insolvency or withdrawal of other companies that currently contribute to these funds, inability or failure of withdrawing companies to pay their withdrawal liability, lower than expected returns on pension fund assets or other funding deficiencies. In the event that we withdraw from participation in one of these plans, then applicable law could require us to make an additional lump-sum contribution to the plan, and we would have to reflect that as an expense in our consolidated statement of operations and as a liability on our consolidated balance sheet. Our withdrawal liability for any multiemployer plan would depend on the extent of the plan’s funding of vested benefits. In the ordinary course of our renegotiation of collective bargaining agreements with labor unions that maintain these plans, we may decide to discontinue participation in a plan, and in that event, we could face a withdrawal liability. Some multiemployer plans in which we participate are reported to have significant underfunded liabilities. Such underfunding could increase the size of our potential withdrawal liability.

Economic downturns could limit consumer demand for our products.

Retailers are increasingly offering private label products that compete with our products. Consumers’ willingness to purchase our products will depend upon our ability to offer products that appeal to consumers at the right price. It is also important that our products are perceived to be of a higher quality than less expensive alternatives. If the difference in quality between our products and those of store brands narrows, or if such difference in quality is perceived to have narrowed, then consumers may not buy our products. Furthermore, during periods of economic uncertainty, consumers tend to purchase more private label or other economy brands, which could reduce sales volumes of our higher margin products or there could be a shift in our product mix to our lower margin offerings. If we are not able to maintain or improve our brand image, it could have a material effect on our market share and our profitability.

We may not achieve our targeted cost savings and efficiencies from cost reduction initiatives.

Our success depends in part on our ability to be an efficient producer in a highly competitive industry. We have invested a significant amount in capital expenditures to improve our operational facilities. Ongoing operational issues are likely to occur when carrying out major production, procurement, or logistical changes and these, as well as any failure by us to achieve our planned cost savings and efficiencies, could have a material adverse effect on our business and consolidated financial position and

 

11


on the consolidated results of our operations and profitability.

Technology failures could disrupt our operations and negatively impact our business.

We increasingly rely on information technology systems to process, transmit, and store electronic information. For example, our production and distribution facilities and inventory management utilize information technology to increase efficiencies and limit costs. Furthermore, a significant portion of the communications between our personnel, customers, and suppliers depends on information technology. Our information technology systems may be vulnerable to a variety of interruptions, as a result of updating our SAP platform or due to events beyond our control, including, but not limited to, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, telecommunications failures, computer viruses, hackers, and other security issues. Moreover, our computer systems have been, and will likely continue to be subjected to computer viruses or other malicious codes, unauthorized access attempts, and cyber- or phishing-attacks. These events could compromise our confidential information, impede or interrupt our business operations, and may result in other negative consequences, including remediation costs, loss of revenue, litigation and reputational damage. To date, we have not experienced a material breach of cybersecurity. While we have implemented administrative and technical controls and taken other preventive actions to reduce the risk of cyber incidents and protect our information technology, they may be insufficient to prevent physical and electronic break-ins, cyber-attacks or other security breaches to our computer systems.

Our intellectual property rights are valuable, and any inability to protect them could reduce the value of our products and brands.

We consider our intellectual property rights, particularly and most notably our trademarks, but also including patents, trade secrets, copyrights and licensing agreements, to be a significant and valuable aspect of our business. We attempt to protect our intellectual property rights through a combination of patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret laws, as well as licensing agreements, third party nondisclosure and assignment agreements and policing of third party misuses of our intellectual property. Our failure to obtain or adequately protect our trademarks, products, new features of our products, or our technology, or any change in law or other changes that serve to lessen or remove the current legal protections of our intellectual property, may diminish our competitiveness and could materially harm our business.

We may be unaware of intellectual property rights of others that may cover some of our technology, brands or products. Any litigation regarding patents or other intellectual property could be costly and time-consuming and could divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations. Third party claims of intellectual property infringement might also require us to enter into costly license agreements. We also may be subject to significant damages or injunctions against development and sale of certain products.

Our results may be negatively impacted if consumers do not maintain their favorable perception of our brands.

We have a number of iconic brands with significant value. Maintaining and continually enhancing the value of these brands is critical to the success of our business. Brand value is based in large part on consumer perceptions. Success in promoting and enhancing brand value depends in large part on our ability to provide high-quality products. Brand value could diminish significantly due to a number of factors, including consumer perception that we have acted in an irresponsible manner, adverse publicity about our products (whether or not valid), our failure to maintain the quality of our products, the failure of our products to deliver consistently positive consumer experiences, or the products becoming unavailable to consumers. The growing use of social and digital media by consumers, Kellogg and third parties increases the speed and extent that information or misinformation and opinions can be shared. Negative posts or comments about Kellogg, our brands or our products on social or digital media could seriously damage our brands and reputation. If we do not maintain the favorable perception of our brands, our results could be negatively impacted.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Our corporate headquarters and principal research and development facilities are located in Battle Creek, Michigan.

We operated, as of February 26, 2013, manufacturing plants and distribution and warehousing facilities totaling more than 30 million square feet of building area in the United States and other countries. Our plants have been designed and constructed to meet our specific production requirements, and we periodically invest money for capital and technological improvements. At the time of its selection, each location was considered to be favorable, based on the location of markets, sources of raw materials, availability of suitable labor, transportation facilities, location of our other plants producing similar products, and other factors. Our manufacturing

 

12


facilities in the United States include four cereal plants and warehouses located in Battle Creek, Michigan; Lancaster, Pennsylvania; Memphis, Tennessee; and Omaha, Nebraska and other plants or facilities in San Jose, California; Atlanta, Augusta, Columbus, and Rome, Georgia; Chicago, Illinois; Seelyville, Indiana; Kansas City, Kansas; Florence, Louisville, and Pikeville, Kentucky; Grand Rapids and Wyoming, Michigan; Blue Anchor, New Jersey; Cary and Charlotte, North Carolina; Cincinnati and Zanesville, Ohio; Muncy, Pennsylvania; Jackson and Rossville, Tennessee; Clearfield, Utah; and Allyn, Washington.

Outside the United States, we had, as of February 26, 2013, additional manufacturing locations, some with warehousing facilities, in Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Ecuador, Germany, Great Britain, India, Japan, Mexico, Poland, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Thailand, and Venezuela.

We generally own our principal properties, including our major office facilities, although some manufacturing facilities are leased, and no owned property is subject to any major lien or other encumbrance. Distribution facilities (including related warehousing facilities) and offices of non-plant locations typically are leased. In general, we consider our facilities, taken as a whole, to be suitable, adequate, and of sufficient capacity for our current operations.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are subject to various legal proceedings, claims, and governmental inspections, audits or investigations arising out of our business which cover matters such as general commercial, governmental regulations, antitrust and trade regulations, product liability, environmental, intellectual property, employment and other actions. In the opinion of management, the ultimate resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE

Not applicable.

 

13


PART II

 

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Information on the market for our common stock, number of shareowners and dividends is located in Note 15 within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

On April 23, 2010, our board of directors authorized a $2.5 billion three-year share repurchase program for 2010 through 2012 for general corporate purposes and to offset issuances for employee benefit programs. During 2012, the Company repurchased approximately 1 million shares for a total of $63 million.

On December 7, 2012, our board of directors authorized a $300 million repurchase program for 2013. In connection with the acquisition of the Pringles business, we expect to limit our share repurchases to proceeds received by us from employee option exercises during 2013.

The following table provides information with respect to purchases of common shares under programs authorized by our board of directors during the quarter ended December 29, 2012.

 

(millions, except per share data)                       
Period  

(a)

Total

Number

of

Shares

Purchased

   

(b)

Average

Price

Paid Per

Share

   

(c)

Total

Number

of Shares

Purchased

as Part of

Publicly

Announced

Plans or

Programs

   

(d)

Approximate

Dollar

Value of

Shares

that May

Yet Be

Purchased

Under the

Plans or

Programs

 

Month #1:
9/30/12-10/27/12

                    $ 587   

Month #2:
10/28/12-11/24/12

                    $ 587   

Month #3:
11/25/12-12/29/12

                    $ 587   

 

14


ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

Kellogg Company and Subsidiaries

Selected Financial Data

 

(millions, except per share data and number of employees)    2012     2011     2010     2009     2008  

Operating trends (a)(e)

          

Net sales

   $ 14,197      $ 13,198      $ 12,397      $ 12,575      $ 12,822  

Gross profit as a % of net sales

     38.3     39.0     43.1     43.0     37.3

Underlying gross profit as a % of net sales (b)

     40.1     41.9     43.0     42.7     42.1

Depreciation

     444       367       370       381       374  

Amortization

     4       2       22       3       1  

Advertising expense

     1,120       1,138       1,130       1,091       1,076  

Research and development expense

     206       192       187       181       181  

Operating profit

     1,562        1,427        2,037        2,132        670   

Underlying operating profit (b)

     2,014       2,109       2,046       1,959       2,003  

Operating profit as a % of net sales

     11.0     10.8     16.4     17.0     5.2

Underlying operating profit as a % of net sales (b)

     14.2     16.0     16.5     15.6     15.6

Interest expense

     261       233       248       295       308  

Net Income attributable to Kellogg Company

     961        866        1,287        1,289        326   

Underlying net income attributable to Kellogg Company (b)

     1,265       1,321       1,286       1,184       1,182  

Average shares outstanding:

          

Basic

     358       362       376       382       382  

Diluted

     360       364       378       384       385  

Per share amounts:

          

Basic

     2.68        2.39        3.43        3.38        .85   

Underlying basic (b)

     3.53       3.64       3.42       3.10       3.10  

Diluted

     2.67        2.38        3.40        3.36        .85   

Underlying diluted (b)

     3.52       3.62       3.40       3.09       3.07  

Cash flow trends (e)

          

Net cash provided by operating activities

   $ 1,758      $ 1,595      $ 1,008      $ 1,643      $ 1,267  

Capital expenditures

     533       594       474       377       461  

Net cash provided by operating activities reduced by capital expenditures (c)

     1,225       1,001       534       1,266       806  

Net cash used in investing activities

     (3,245     (587     (465     (370     (681

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

     1,317       (957     (439     (1,182     (780

Interest coverage ratio (d)

     9.5       10.6       9.9       7.9       7.7  

Capital structure trends (e)

          

Total assets

   $ 15,184      $ 11,943      $ 11,840      $ 11,180      $ 11,025  

Property, net

     3,782       3,281       3,128       3,010       2,933  

Short-term debt and current maturities of long-term debt

     1,820       995       996       45       1,388  

Long-term debt

     6,082       5,037       4,908       4,835       4,068  

Total Kellogg Company equity

     2,419       1,796       2,151       2,255       1,504  

Share price trends

          

Stock price range

   $ 46-57      $ 48-58      $ 47-56      $ 36-54      $ 40-59   

Cash dividends per common share

     1.740       1.670       1.560       1.430       1.300  

Number of employees

     31,006       30,671       30,645       30,949       32,394  

 

(a) Fiscal year 2008 contained a 53rd week.

 

(b) Underlying gross profit as a percentage of net sales, underlying operating profit, underlying operating profit as a percentage of net sales, underlying net income attributable to Kellogg Company, underlying basic earnings per share and underlying diluted earnings per share are non-GAAP measures that exclude the impact of pension and post-retirement benefit plans mark-to-market adjustments. We believe the use of such non-GAAP measures provides increased transparency and assists in understanding our underlying operating performance. These non-GAAP measures are reconciled to the directly comparable measures in accordance with U.S. GAAP within our Management’s Discussion and Analysis.

 

(c) We use this non-GAAP financial measure, which is reconciled above, to focus management and investors on the amount of cash available for debt repayment, dividend distribution, acquisition opportunities, and share repurchase.

 

(d) Interest coverage ratio is calculated based on underlying net income attributable to Kellogg Company before interest expense, underlying income taxes, depreciation and amortization, divided by interest expense.

 

(e) 2008-2011 financial results have been re-cast to include impact of adopting new pension and post-retirement benefit plan accounting.

 

15


ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Kellogg Company and Subsidiaries

 

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) is intended to help the reader understand Kellogg Company, our operations and our present business environment. MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying notes thereto contained in Item 8 of this report.

For more than 100 years, consumers have counted on Kellogg for great-tasting, high-quality and nutritious foods. Kellogg is the world’s leading producer of cereal, second largest producer of cookies and crackers, and a leading producer of savory snacks and frozen foods. Additional product offerings include toaster pastries, cereal bars, fruit-flavored snacks and veggie foods. Kellogg products are manufactured and marketed globally.

We manage our operations through nine operating segments that are based on product category or geographic location. These operating segments are evaluated for similarity with regards to economic characteristics, products, production processes, types or classes of customers, distribution methods and regulatory environments to determine if they can be aggregated into reportable segments. We report results of operations in the following reportable segments: U.S. Morning Foods & Kashi; U.S. Snacks; U.S. Specialty; North America Other; Europe; Latin America; and Asia Pacific. The reportable segments are discussed in greater detail in Note 16 within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

We manage our company for sustainable performance defined by our long-term annual growth targets. These targets are 3 to 4% for internal net sales, mid-single-digit (4 to 6%) for underlying operating profit, and high-single-digit (7 to 9%) for currency neutral underlying diluted net earnings per share.

Internal net sales growth and internal operating profit growth exclude the impact of foreign currency translation and, if applicable, acquisitions, dispositions and transaction and integration costs associated with the acquisition of the Pringles® business (Pringles). In addition to these items, internal operating profit growth also includes the benefit of allocating a portion of costs related to our support functions that are now being leveraged to provide support to the Pringles business.

As a result of adopting the accounting change discussed below, comparability of certain financial measures is impacted significantly by the mark-to-market adjustments that are recorded annually, or more frequently if a re-measurement event occurs. To provide increased transparency and assist in understanding our underlying operating performance we use non-GAAP financial measures within the MD&A that exclude the impact of mark-to-market adjustments. These non-GAAP financial measures include underlying gross margin, underlying gross profit, underlying SGA%, underlying operating margin, underlying operating profit, underlying operating profit growth, underlying income taxes, underlying net income attributable to Kellogg Company, underlying basic earnings per share (EPS), underlying diluted EPS, and underlying diluted EPS growth. Underlying operating profit growth excludes the impact of foreign currency translation, mark-to-market adjustments, and, if applicable, acquisitions, dispositions, and transaction and integration costs associated with the acquisition of the Pringles business.

During 2012 we completed the acquisition of the Pringles business from The Procter & Gamble Company (P&G) for $2.668 billion, including working capital adjustments, which was funded from cash-on-hand and the issuance of $2.3 billion of short and long-term debt.

In the fourth quarter of 2012 we changed our accounting for recognizing expense for our pension and post-retirement benefit plans. Historically we deferred actuarial gains and losses from these plans and recognized the financial impact to the income statement over several years. Under the new accounting method, gains and losses from these plans are recognized in an annual mark-to-market adjustment that is recorded in the fourth quarter of each year, or more frequently if a re-measurement event occurs earlier in the year.

Concurrent with the accounting change, we have elected to modify the allocation of pension and post-retirement benefit plan costs to reportable segments. Historically all costs for these plans were allocated to reportable segments for management evaluation and reporting purposes. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2012, we have included the service cost of these plans within the financial results of the reportable segments. All other costs related to these plans, such as interest cost, expected return on plan assets, and the annual mark-to-market adjustment will be reported in Corporate.

These changes have been applied retrospectively. Financial results from prior periods have been recast to include the impact as if the changes had been in place during those periods. Refer to Note 1 within Notes to

 

16


Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding this accounting change.

For the full year 2012, our reported net sales, which includes the impact of the operating results of the Pringles business since the acquisition on May 31, 2012, increased by 7.6% and internal net sales increased by 2.5%, in line with our expectations. We experienced solid growth in North America, Latin America, and most of Asia Pacific. Operating environments in Europe continued to be difficult, although we are seeing continued improvement in sales trends for the segment. Reported operating profit, which includes the impact of the accounting change, the operating results of the Pringles business, and transaction and integration costs related to the acquisition of Pringles, increased by 9.5%. Underlying operating profit declined by 5.7%, in line with our expectations, and was unfavorably impacted by anticipated cost inflation, the impact of the third quarter’s limited recall, and increased brand-building investment. Diluted EPS of $2.67, was up 12.2% compared to the prior year EPS of $2.38. Underlying EPS of $3.52 was in line with our expectations.

Reconciliation of certain non-GAAP Financial Measures

 

Consolidated results

(dollars in millions, except

per share data)

  2012     2011     2010  

Net sales

  $ 14,197     $ 13,198     $ 12,397  

Net sales growth:

  As reported     7.6     6.5     (1.4 )% 
   

Internal (a)

    2.5     4.5     (1.3 )% 

Reported operating profit

  $ 1,562     $ 1,427     $ 2,037  

Mark-to-market (b)

    (452     (682     (9

Underlying operating profit (c)

  $ 2,014     $ 2,109     $ 2,046  

Operating profit growth:

  As reported     9.5     (30.0 )%      (4.5 )% 
    Mark-to-market (b)     15.2     (30.7 )%      (9.6 )% 
   

Underlying (c)

    (5.7 )%      0.7     5.1

Reported income taxes

  $ 363     $ 320     $ 510  

Mark-to-market (b)

        (148     (227     (10

Underlying income taxes (c)

  $ 511     $ 547     $ 520  

Reported net income attributable to Kellogg Company

  $ 961     $ 866     $ 1,287  

Mark-to-market (b)

    (304     (455     1  

Underlying net income attributable to Kellogg Company (c)

  $ 1,265     $ 1,321     $ 1,286  

Reported basic EPS

  $ 2.68     $ 2.39     $ 3.43  

Mark-to-market (b)

    (0.85     (1.25     0.01  

Underlying basic EPS (c)

  $ 3.53     $ 3.64     $ 3.42  

Underlying basic EPS growth (c)

    (3.0 )%      6.4     10.3

Reported diluted EPS

  $ 2.67     $ 2.38     $ 3.40  

Mark-to-market (b)

    (0.85     (1.24      

Underlying diluted EPS (c)

  $ 3.52     $ 3.62     $ 3.40  

Underlying diluted EPS growth (c)

    (2.8 )%      6.5     10.0

 

(a) Internal net sales growth for 2012 excludes the impact of acquisitions, divestitures, integration costs, and currency. Internal net sales growth for 2011 excludes the impact of currency. Internal net sales growth is a non-GAAP financial measure further discussed and reconciled to the directly comparable measure in accordance with U.S. GAAP in the net sales and operating profit section.

 

(b) Actuarial gains/losses are recognized in the year they occur. In 2012, asset returns exceeded expectations but discount rates fell almost 100 basis points resulting in a net loss. The loss in 2011 resulted from actual asset returns being less than expected and a decline in discount rates. The loss in 2010 resulted from a decline in discount rates which was partially offset by better than expected asset returns.

 

(c) Underlying operating profit, underlying operating profit growth, underlying income taxes, underlying net income attributable to Kellogg Company, underlying basic EPS, underlying basic EPS growth, underlying diluted EPS, and underlying diluted EPS growth are non-GAAP measures that exclude the impact of pension and post-retirement benefit plans mark-to-market adjustments. Underlying operating profit growth excludes the impact of foreign currency translation, mark-to-market adjustments, and, if applicable, acquisitions, dispositions, and transaction and integration costs associated with the acquisition of Pringles. We believe the use of such non-GAAP measures provides increased transparency and assists in understanding our underlying operating performance. These non-GAAP measures are reconciled to the directly comparable measures in accordance with U.S. GAAP within this table.

 

17


Net sales and operating profit

2012 compared to 2011

The following table provides an analysis of net sales and operating profit performance for 2012 versus 2011 for our reportable segments:

 

(dollars in millions)   

U.S
Morning Foods

& Kashi

    U.S.
Snacks
    U.S.
Specialty
    North
America Other
    Europe     Latin
America
    Asia
Pacific
 

2012 net sales *

   $ 3,707     $ 3,226     $ 1,121     $ 1,485     $ 2,527     $ 1,121     $ 1,010  

2011 net sales *

   $ 3,611     $ 2,883     $ 1,008     $ 1,371     $ 2,334     $ 1,049     $ 942  

% change – 2012 vs. 2011:

              

Internal business (a)

     2.7     1.9     7.4     7.0  %      (3.8 )%      6.7  %      2.7  % 

Acquisitions (b)

         10.0     3.8     1.8  %      16.6      4.2  %      10.9  % 

Dispositions (c)

                  %      —       %      (3.4 )% 

Integration impact (d)

                  %      —       %      (.1 )% 

Foreign currency impact

                 (.5 )%      (4.5 )%      (4.1 )%      (2.8 )% 

Total change

     2.7     11.9     11.2     8.3     8.3      6.8  %      7.3 
              
(dollars in millions)   

U.S

Morning Foods
& Kashi

    U.S.
Snacks
    U.S.
Specialty
   

North

America Other

    Europe     Latin
America
    Asia
Pacific
 

2012 operating profit (e)*

   $ 595     $ 469     $ 241     $ 265     $ 261     $ 167     $ 85  

2011 operating profit (f)*

   $ 611     $ 437     $ 231     $ 250     $ 302     $ 176     $ 104  

% change – 2012 vs. 2011:

              

Internal business (a)

     (2.7 )%      (.8 )%      1.2     5.2      (15.8 )%      (3.7 )%      (28.7 )% 

Acquisitions (b)

      %      12.4  %      3.1     1.7      12.6  %      2.6  %      7.6  % 

Dispositions (c)

      %       %          —       %       %      9.7  % 

Integration impact (d)

      %      (4.3 )%          —      (8.0 )%      (.4 )%      (4.5 )% 

Foreign currency impact

      %       %          (.7 )%      (2.3 )%      (3.5 )%      (2.5 )% 

Total change

     (2.7 )%      7.3  %      4.3     6.2  %      (13.5 )%      (5.0 )%      (18.4 )% 

 

(a) Internal net sales and operating profit growth for 2012, exclude the impact of acquisitions, divestitures, integration costs and the impact of currency. Internal net sales and operating profit growth are non-GAAP financial measures which are reconciled to the directly comparable measures in accordance with U.S. GAAP within these tables.

 

(b) Impact of results for year ended December 29, 2012 from the acquisition of Pringles.

 

(c) Impact of results for year ended December 29, 2012 from the divestiture of Navigable Foods.

 

(d) Includes impact of integration costs associated with the Pringles acquisition.

 

(e) Financial results for the year ended December 29, 2012 include the impact of adopting new pension and post-retirement benefit plan accounting.

 

(f) Financial results for the year ended December 31, 2011 have been re-cast to include the impact of adopting new pension and post-retirement benefit plan accounting.

 

* Net sales and operating profit for reportable segments are reconciled to Consolidated in Note 16 within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Internal net sales for U.S. Morning Foods & Kashi increased 2.7% as a result of favorable pricing/mix and approximately flat volume. This business has two product groups: cereal and select snacks. Cereal’s internal net sales increased by 2.4% resulting from strong innovation launches and increased investment in brand-building supporting brands such as Frosted Flakes®. Snacks (toaster pastries, Kashi-branded cereal bars, crackers, cookies, Stretch Island fruit snacks, and health and wellness products) internal net sales increased by 3.4% as a result of solid growth in the toaster pastries and health and wellness businesses.

Internal net sales in U.S. Snacks increased by 1.9% as a result of favorable pricing/mix and a slight decline in volume. This business consists of cookies, crackers, cereal bars, fruit-flavored snacks and Pringles. The sales growth was the result of strong crackers consumption behind the launch of Special K Cracker Chips® and Cheez-it® innovation. Sales declined in cereal bars versus a difficult year-ago comparison while Special K® bars continued strong growth behind innovations. Cookies sales were flat versus a difficult year-ago comparison.

Internal net sales in U.S. Specialty increased by 7.4% as a result of favorable pricing/mix and volume. Sales growth was due to strong results from innovation launches and expanded points of distribution.

 

18


Internal net sales in North America Other (U.S. Frozen and Canada) increased by 7.0% due to favorable pricing/mix and volume. Sales growth was the result of our U.S. Frozen business posting double-digit growth for the year while gaining share as a result of increased brand-building support behind innovation activity.

Europe’s internal net sales declined 3.8% for the year driven by a decline in volume, partially offset by favorable pricing/mix. The operating environment in Europe continued to be difficult as a result of economic conditions and competitive activity although we are experiencing continued improvement in sales trends. Latin America’s internal net sales growth was 6.7% due to a strong increase in pricing/mix partially offset by a decline in volume. Latin America experienced growth in both cereal and snacks behind an increase in brand-building investment to support innovations. Growth was broad-based across nearly every market in the segment. Internal net sales in Asia Pacific grew 2.7% as a result of favorable volume partially offset by unfavorable pricing/mix. Asia Pacific’s growth was driven by solid performance across most of Asia, as well as South Africa. Australia posted a slight decline in sales, but experienced continued improvement throughout the year, while gaining share in both the cereal and snacks categories.

The third quarter recall impacted internal operating profit growth as follows: Kellogg Consolidated – (1.8%), U.S. Morning Foods & Kashi – (3.1%), U.S.

Specialty – (1.6%), North America Other – (1.4%).

 

Internal operating profit in U.S. Morning Foods & Kashi declined by 2.7%, U.S. Snacks declined by 0.8%, U.S. Specialty increased by 1.2%, North America Other grew by 5.2%, Europe declined by 15.8%, Latin America declined by 3.7% and Asia Pacific declined by 28.7%. U.S. Morning Foods & Kashi’s decline was attributable to the impact of the third-quarter recall and increased commodity costs, partially offset by sales growth in cereal and snacks. U.S. Snacks’ decline was attributable to cost inflation and a double-digit increase in brand-building investments. U.S. Specialty’s increase was attributable to strong sales growth being partially offset by increased commodity costs and a double-digit increase in brand-building investment. North America Other’s increase was attributable to strong sales growth being partially offset by increased commodity costs and a double-digit increase in brand-building investment. Europe’s operating profit declined due to lower sales resulting from the continued difficult operating environment and increased commodity costs, partially offset by reduced brand-building investment. The decline in Latin America’s operating profit was due to cost inflation and increased brand-building investment more than offsetting the impact of higher sales. Asia Pacific’s operating profit decline was due to cost inflation, charges related to the closure of a plant in Australia, and increased brand-building investment more than offsetting the impact of higher sales. Refer to Note 2 within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on the Australian plant closure.

 

2011 compared to 2010

The following table provides an analysis of net sales and operating profit performance for 2011 versus 2010 for our reportable segments:

 

(dollars in millions)    U.S
Morning Foods
& Kashi
    U.S.
Snacks
    U.S.
Specialty
   

North

America Other

    Europe     Latin
America
    Asia
Pacific
 

2011 net sales *

     $3,611       $2,883       $1,008       $1,371       $2,334       $1,049       $942  

2010 net sales *

     $3,463       $2,704       $975       $1,260       $2,230       $ 923       $ 842   

 % change – 2011 vs. 2010:

                                                        
Internal business (a)      4.3     6.6     3.4     6.4     (.7 )%      10.3     4.1

Foreign currency impact

                 2.4     5.3  %      3.4     7.7

Total change

     4.3     6.6     3.4     8.8     4.6  %      13.7     11.8
              
(dollars in millions)   

U.S

Morning Foods
& Kashi

    U.S.
Snacks
    U.S.
Specialty
   

North

America Other

    Europe     Latin
America
    Asia
Pacific
 

2011 operating profit (b)*

     $611       $437       $231       $250       $302       $176       $104  

2010 operating profit (b)*

     $622       $475       $253       $222       $338       $153       $72   

 % change – 2011 vs. 2010:

                                                        
Internal business (a)      (1.6 )%      (8.1 )%      (8.7 )%      9.5     (16.1 )%      8.5     34.8

Foreign currency impact

     (.2 )%       %       %      3.4     5.5  %      6.1     10.4

Total change

     (1.8 )%      (8.1 )%      (8.7 )%      12.9     (10.6 )%      14.6     45.2

 

 

(a) Internal net sales and operating profit growth for 2011 and 2010 exclude the impact of currency. Internal net sales and operating profit growth are non-GAAP financial measures which are reconciled to the directly comparable measures in accordance with U.S. GAAP within these tables.

 

(b) Results for 2011 and 2010 have been re-cast to include the impact of adopting new pension and post-retirement benefit plan accounting.

 

* Net sales and operating profit for reportable segments are reconciled to Consolidated in Note 16 within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

19


Internal net sales for U.S. Morning Foods & Kashi increased 4.3% as a result of favorable pricing/mix and approximately flat volume. This business has two product groups: cereal and select snacks. Cereal’s internal net sales increased by 5% resulting from strong innovation launches and reduced reliance on promotional spending. Dollar sales from our innovation in 2011 equaled the dollar sales from innovation introduced by all our competitors combined. Snacks (toaster pastries, Kashi-branded cereal bars, crackers, cookies, Stretch Island fruit snacks, and health and wellness products) internal net sales increased by 3% as a result of double-digit growth in health and wellness and continued share gains in our Pop-Tarts® business.

Internal net sales in U.S. Snacks increased by 6.6% as a result of favorable pricing/mix and approximately flat volume. This business consists of cookies, crackers, cereal bars, and fruit-flavored snacks. The sales growth was the result of strong crackers consumption behind the launch of Special K Cracker Chips® and Cheez-it® innovation which contributed to a solid improvement in our cracker category share. Sales also improved in wholesome snacks as a result of innovations in our Special K® and FiberPlus® cereal bars business. Cookies low-single digit sales growth was favorably impacted by the launch of the Keebler® master brand initiative in the second quarter which aligned pricing, packaging and scale across the Keebler® brand.

Internal net sales in U.S. Specialty increased by 3.4% as a result of favorable pricing/mix and approximately flat volume. Sales growth was due to frozen food innovation launches and cereal bar distribution gains.

Internal net sales in North America Other (U.S. Frozen and Canada) increased by 6.4% due to mid-single-digit volume growth and favorable pricing/mix. Sales growth was the result of our U.S. Frozen business posting double-digit growth for the year while gaining share as a result of increased brand-building support behind innovation activity.

Europe’s internal net sales declined 0.7% for the year driven by a decline in volume, partially offset by favorable pricing/mix. The operating environment in Europe continued to be difficult as a result of economic conditions and competitive activity. Sales growth in Russia was solid, as we continue to transition from a non-branded to a branded product mix. Latin America’s internal net sales growth was 10.3% due to a slight increase in volume and double-digit increase in pricing/mix. Latin America experienced growth in both cereal and snacks behind a mid-double-digit increase in brand-building investment to support innovations. Internal net sales in Asia Pacific grew 4.1% as a result of favorable pricing/mix and approximately flat volume. Asia Pacific’s growth was driven by strong performance across most of Asia, as well as South Africa.

Internal operating profit in U.S. Morning Foods & Kashi declined by 1.6%, U.S. Snacks declined by 8.1%, U.S. Specialty declined by 8.7%, North America Other grew by 9.5%, Europe declined by 16.1%, Latin America increased by 8.5% and Asia Pacific increased by 34.8%. U.S. Morning Foods & Kashi’s decline was attributable to strong sales in cereal and snacks, being offset by increased incentive compensation expense, increased commodity costs and investments in supply chain. U.S. Snacks’ decline was attributable to investments in supply chain and increased incentive compensation expense. U.S. Specialty’s decline was attributable to increased commodity costs and incentive compensation expense. Europe’s operating profit declined due to lower sales resulting from the continued difficult operating environment and increased commodity costs. The increase in Latin America’s operating profit is primarily a result of higher sales partially offset by increased brand-building investment. Asia Pacific’s operating profit growth was positively impacted by the prior year impairment charges related to our business in China. Refer to Note 2 within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on the China impairment.

Corporate Expense

 

(dollars in millions)    2012     2011     2010  

Operating profit

   $ (521   $ (684   $ (98

Corporate expense is primarily the result of mark-to-market adjustments for our pension and non-pension post-retirement benefit plans. These adjustments were $(452), $(682), and $(9) in 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively. The remaining changes were the result of impacts from compensation-related expense and pension-related interest cost and offsetting pension-related expected return on plan assets.

Margin performance

Margin performance was as follows:

 

                          Change vs.
prior year (pts.)
 
     2012     2011     2010     2012     2011  

Reported gross margin (a)

    38.3     39.0     43.1     (.7     (4.1

Mark-to-market (COGS) (b)

    (1.8 )%      (2.9 )%      0.1     1.1       (3.0

Underlying gross margin (c)

    40.1     41.9     43.0     (1.8     (1.1

Reported SGA %

    (27.3 )%      (28.2 )%      (26.7 )%      .9       (1.5

Mark-to-market (SGA) (b)

    (1.4 )%      (2.3 )%      (0.2 )%      .9       (2.1

Underlying SGA % (c)

    (25.9 )%      (25.9 )%      (26.5 )%            .6  

Reported operating margin

    11.0     10.8     16.4     .2       (5.6

Mark-to-market (b)

    (3.2 )%      (5.2 )%      (0.1 )%      2.0       (5.1

Underlying operating margin (c)

    14.2     16.0     16.5     (1.8     (.5

 

20


(a) Reported gross margin as a percentage of net sales. Gross margin is equal to net sales less cost of goods sold.

 

(b) Actuarial gains/losses are recognized in the year they occur. In 2012, asset returns exceeded expectations but discount rates fell almost 100 basis points resulting in a net loss. The loss in 2011 resulted from actual asset returns being less than expected and a decline in discount rates. The loss in 2010 resulted from a decline in discount rates which was partially offset by better than expected asset returns.

 

(c) Underlying gross margin, underlying SGA%, and underlying operating margin are non-GAAP measures that exclude the impact of pension and post-retirement benefit plans mark-to-market adjustments. We believe the use of such non-GAAP measures provides increased transparency and assists in understanding our underlying operating performance.

Underlying gross margin, which excludes the impact of mark-to-market adjustments on pension and post-retirement benefit plans, declined by 180 basis points in 2012 as a result of cost inflation and the lower margin structure of the Pringles business, which was partially offset by savings from cost reduction initiatives. Underlying SGA %, which excludes the impact of mark-to-market adjustments on pension and post-retirement benefit plans, was consistent with 2011.

Underlying gross margin declined by 110 basis points in 2011 due to the expanded investments in our supply chain, and increased cost pressures for fuel, energy, and commodities, which were partially offset by savings from cost reduction initiatives. Underlying SGA % decreased by 60 basis points primarily due to a reduction in brand-building investment as a percent of net sales and decreased costs related to cost reduction initiatives, partially offset by increased incentive compensation expense.

Our underlying gross profit, underlying SGA, and underlying operating profit measures are reconciled to the most comparable GAAP measure as follows:

 

(dollars in millions)    2012     2011     2010  

Reported gross profit (a)

   $ 5,434     $ 5,152     $ 5,342  

Mark-to-market (COGS) (b)

     (259     (377     11  

Underlying gross profit (c)

   $ 5,693     $ 5,529     $ 5,331  

Reported SGA

   $ 3,872     $ 3,725     $ 3,305  

Mark-to-market (SGA) (b)

     (193     (305     (20

Underlying SGA (c)

   $ 3,679     $ 3,420     $ 3,285  

Reported operating profit

   $ 1,562     $ 1,427     $ 2,037  

Mark-to-market (b)

     (452     (682     (9

Underlying operating profit (c)

   $ 2,014     $ 2,109     $ 2,046  

 

(a) Gross profit is equal to net sales less cost of goods sold.

 

(b) Actuarial gains/losses are recognized in the year they occur. In 2012, asset returns exceeded expectations but discount rates fell almost 100 basis points resulting in a net loss. The loss in 2011 resulted from actual asset returns being less than expected and a decline in discount rates. The loss in 2010 resulted from a decline in discount rates which was partially offset by better than expected asset returns.

 

(c) Underlying gross profit, underlying SGA, and underlying operating profit are non-GAAP measures that exclude the impact of pension and post-retirement benefit plans mark-to-market adjustments. We believe the use of such non-GAAP measures provides increased transparency and assists in understanding our underlying operating performance.

Foreign currency translation

The reporting currency for our financial statements is the U.S. dollar. Certain of our assets, liabilities, expenses and revenues are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, primarily in the Euro, British pound, Mexican peso, Australian dollar and Canadian dollar. To prepare our consolidated financial statements, we must translate those assets, liabilities, expenses and revenues into U.S. dollars at the applicable exchange rates. As a result, increases and decreases in the value of the U.S. dollar against these other currencies will affect the amount of these items in our consolidated financial statements, even if their value has not changed in their original currency. This could have significant impact on our results if such increase or decrease in the value of the U.S. dollar is substantial.

Interest expense

Annual interest expense is illustrated in the following table. The increase in 2012 was primarily due to increased debt levels associated with the acquisition of Pringles, partially offset by lower interest rates on our long-term debt. The decline from 2010 to 2011 was primarily due to lower interest rates on our long-term debt. Interest income (recorded in other income (expense), net) was (in millions), 2012-$9; 2011-$11; 2010-$6. We currently expect that our 2013 gross interest expense will be approximately $230 to $240 million.

 

(dollars in millions)                        Change vs.
prior year
 
  2012     2011     2010     2012     2011  

Reported interest expense

  $ 261     $ 233     $ 248      

Amounts capitalized

    2       5       2                  

Gross interest expense

  $ 263     $ 238     $ 250       10.5%        -4.8%   

Income taxes

Our reported effective tax rates for 2012, 2011 and 2010 were 27.4%, 27.0% and 28.5% respectively. Excluding the impact of the mark-to-market adjustment, underlying effective tax rates for 2012, 2011 and 2010 were 28.8%, 29.3%, and 28.9%, respectively. The impact of discrete adjustments reduced our effective income tax rate by 3 percentage points for 2012. The 2012 effective income tax rate benefited from the elimination of a tax liability related to certain international earnings now considered indefinitely reinvested. For 2011 and 2010 the impact was a reduction of 5 and 3 percentage points,

 

21


respectively. Refer to Note 11 within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could impact the expected effective income tax rate as it is dependent upon U.S. dollar earnings of foreign subsidiaries doing business in various countries with differing statutory tax rates. Additionally, the rate could be impacted if pending uncertain tax matters, including tax positions that could be affected by planning initiatives, are resolved more or less favorably than we currently expect.

Product withdrawal

Refer to Note 13 within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our principal source of liquidity is operating cash flows supplemented by borrowings for major acquisitions and other significant transactions. Our cash-generating capability is one of our fundamental strengths and provides us with substantial financial flexibility in meeting operating and investing needs.

We believe that our operating cash flows, together with our credit facilities and other available debt financing, will be adequate to meet our operating, investing and financing needs in the foreseeable future. However, there can be no assurance that volatility and/or disruption in the global capital and credit markets will not impair our ability to access these markets on terms acceptable to us, or at all.

As of December 29, 2012, we had $244 million of cash and cash equivalents held in international jurisdictions which will be used to fund capital and other cash requirements of international operations.

The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows:

 

(dollars in millions)    2012     2011     2010  

Net cash provided by (used in):

  

   

Operating activities

   $ 1,758     $ 1,595     $ 1,008  

Investing activities

     (3,245     (587     (465

Financing activities

     1,317       (957     (439

Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents

     (9     (35     6  

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

   $ (179   $ 16     $ 110  

Operating activities

The principal source of our operating cash flows is net earnings, meaning cash receipts from the sale of our products, net of costs to manufacture and market our products.

Our net cash provided by operating activities for 2012 amounted to $1,758 million, an increase of $163 million compared with 2011. The increase compared to the prior year is primarily due to improved performance in working capital resulting from the benefit derived from the Pringles acquisition. Our net cash provided by operating activities for 2011 amounted to $1,595 million, an increase of $587 million compared with 2010, reflecting lower pension and postretirement benefit plan contributions and lower payments for incentive compensation partially offset by a marginal increase in core working capital in 2011.

Our cash conversion cycle (defined as days of inventory and trade receivables outstanding less days of trade payables outstanding, based on a trailing 12 month average) is relatively short, equating to approximately 30 days for 2012, 24 days for 2011 and 23 days for 2010. Core working capital in 2012 averaged 7.8% of net sales, compared to 6.9% in 2011 and 6.6% in 2010. During 2012, core working capital was negatively impacted by higher days of inventory. During 2011, core working capital was negatively impacted by higher days of inventory and higher days of trade receivables. For both 2012 and 2011, higher days of inventory was necessary to support our new product introductions and to maintain appropriate levels of service while investing in our supply chain infrastructure. In 2011, higher days of trade receivables resulted from strong sales at year-end due to our innovation launches and Special K® New Year’s resolution programs.

Our total pension and postretirement benefit plan funding amounted to $51 million, $192 million and $643 million, in 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. During the fourth quarter of 2010, we made incremental contributions to our pension and postretirement benefit plans amounting to $563 million ($467 million, net of tax).

The Pension Protection Act (PPA), and subsequent regulations, determines defined benefit plan minimum funding requirements in the United States. We believe that we will not be required to make any contributions under PPA requirements until 2014 or beyond. Our projections concerning timing of PPA funding requirements are subject to change primarily based on general market conditions affecting trust asset performance, future discount rates based on average yields of high quality corporate bonds and our decisions regarding certain elective provisions of the PPA.

We currently project that we will make total U.S. and foreign benefit plan contributions in 2013 of approximately $60 million. Actual 2013 contributions could be different from our current projections, as influenced by our decision to undertake discretionary funding of our benefit trusts versus other competing investment priorities, future changes in government requirements, trust asset performance, renewals of union contracts, or higher-than-expected health care claims cost experience.

 

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We measure cash flow as net cash provided by operating activities reduced by expenditures for property additions. We use this non-GAAP financial measure of cash flow to focus management and investors on the amount of cash available for debt repayment, dividend distributions, acquisition opportunities, and share repurchases. Our cash flow metric is reconciled to the most comparable GAAP measure, as follows:

 

(dollars in millions)    2012     2011     2010  

Net cash provided by operating activities

   $ 1,758     $ 1,595     $ 1,008  

Additions to properties

     (533     (594     (474

Cash flow

   $ 1,225     $ 1,001     $ 534  

    year-over-year change

     22.4  %      87.5  %         

Year-over-year changes in cash flow (as defined) were driven by improved performance in working capital resulting from the benefit derived from the Pringles acquisition, as well as changes in the level of capital expenditures during the three-year period.

Investing activities

Our net cash used in investing activities for 2012 amounted to $3,245 million, an increase of $2,658 million compared with 2011 primarily attributable to the $2,668 acquisition of Pringles in 2012.

Capital spending in 2012 included investments in our supply chain infrastructure, and to support capacity requirements in certain markets, including Pringles. In addition, we continued the investment in our information technology infrastructure related to the reimplementation and upgrade of our SAP platform.

Net cash used in investing activities of $587 million in 2011 increased by $122 million compared with 2010, reflecting capital projects for our reimplementation and upgrade of our SAP platform and investments in our supply chain.

Cash paid for additions to properties as a percentage of net sales has decreased to 3.8% in 2012, from 4.5% in 2011, which was an increase from 3.8% in 2010.

Financing activities

In February 2013, we issued $250 million of two-year floating-rate U.S. Dollar Notes, and $400 million of ten-year 2.75% U.S. Dollar Notes. The proceeds from these Notes will be used for general corporate purposes, including, together with cash on hand, repayment of the $750 million aggregate principal amount of our 4.25% U.S. Dollar Notes due March 2013. The floating-rate notes bear interest equal to three-month LIBOR plus 23 basis points, subject to quarterly reset. The Notes contain customary covenants that limit the ability of Kellogg Company and its restricted subsidiaries (as defined) to incur certain liens or enter into certain sale and lease-back transactions, as well as a change of control provision.

Our net cash provided by financing activities was $1,317 for 2012, compared to net cash used in financing activities of $957 and $439 for 2011 and 2010, respectively. The increase in cash provided from financing activities in 2012 compared to 2011 and 2010, was primarily due to the issuance of debt related to the acquisition of Pringles.

Total debt was $7.9 billion at year-end 2012 and $6.0 billion at year-end 2011.

In March 2012, we entered into interest rate swaps on our $500 million five-year 1.875% fixed rate U.S. Dollar Notes due 2016, $500 million ten-year 4.15% fixed rate U.S. Dollar Notes due 2019 and $500 million of our $750 million seven-year 4.45% fixed rate U.S. Dollar Notes due 2016. The interest rate swaps effectively converted these Notes from their fixed rates to floating rate obligations through maturity.

In May 2012, we issued $350 million of three-year 1.125% U.S. Dollar Notes, $400 million of five-year 1.75% U.S. Dollar Notes and $700 million of ten-year 3.125% U.S. Dollar Notes, resulting in aggregate net proceeds after debt discount of $1.442 billion. The proceeds of these Notes were used for general corporate purposes, including financing a portion of the acquisition of Pringles.

In May 2012, we issued Cdn. $300 million of two-year 2.10% fixed rate Canadian Dollar Notes, using the proceeds from these Notes for general corporate purposes, which included repayment of intercompany debt. This repayment resulted in cash available to be used for a portion of the acquisition of Pringles.

In December 2012, we repaid $750 million five-year 5.125% U.S. Dollar Notes at maturity with commercial paper.

In February 2011, we entered into interest rate swaps on $200 million of our $750 million seven-year 4.45% fixed rate U.S. Dollar Notes due 2016. The interest rate swaps effectively converted this portion of the Notes from a fixed rate to a floating rate obligation through maturity.

In April 2011, we repaid $945 million ten-year 6.60% U.S. Dollar Notes at maturity with commercial paper.

In May 2011, we issued $400 million of seven-year 3.25% fixed rate U.S. Dollar Notes, using the proceeds of $397 million for general corporate purposes and repayment of commercial paper. During 2011, we

 

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entered into interest rate swaps with notional amounts totaling $400 million, which effectively converted these Notes from a fixed rate to a floating rate obligation through maturity.

In November 2011, we issued $500 million of five-year 1.875% fixed rate U. S. Dollar Notes, using the proceeds of $498 million for general corporate purposes and repayment of commercial paper. During 2012, we entered into interest rate swaps which effectively converted these Notes from a fixed rate to a floating rate obligation through maturity.

In April 2010, our board of directors approved a share repurchase program authorizing us to repurchase shares of our common stock amounting to $2.5 billion during 2010 through 2012. This three year authorization replaced previous share buyback programs which had authorized stock repurchases of up to $1.1 billion for 2010 and $650 million for 2009.

Under this program, we repurchased approximately 1 million, 15 million and 21 million shares of common stock for $63 million, $793 million and $1.1 billion during 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

In December 2012, our board of directors approved a share repurchase program authorizing us to repurchase shares of our common stock amounting to $300 million during 2013.

We paid quarterly dividends to shareholders totaling $1.74 per share in 2012, $1.67 per share in 2011 and $1.56 per share in 2010. Total cash paid for dividends increased by 3.0% in 2012 and 3.4% in 2011.

In March 2011, we entered into an unsecured Four-Year Credit Agreement which allows us to borrow, on a revolving credit basis, up to $2.0 billion.

Our long-term debt agreements contain customary covenants that limit Kellogg Company and some of its subsidiaries from incurring certain liens or from entering into certain sale and lease-back transactions. Some agreements also contain change in control provisions. However, they do not contain acceleration of maturity clauses that are dependent on credit ratings. A change in our credit ratings could limit our access to the U.S. short-term debt market and/or increase the cost of refinancing long-term debt in the future. However, even under these circumstances, we would continue to have access to our Four-Year Credit Agreement, which expires in March 2015. This source of liquidity is unused and available on an unsecured basis, although we do not currently plan to use it.

Capital and credit markets, including commercial paper markets, continued to experience instability and disruption as the U.S. and global economies underwent a period of extreme uncertainty. Throughout this period of uncertainty, we continued to have access to the U.S., European, and Canadian commercial paper markets. Our commercial paper and term debt credit ratings were not affected by the changes in the credit environment.

We monitor the financial strength of our third-party financial institutions, including those that hold our cash and cash equivalents as well as those who serve as counterparties to our credit facilities, our derivative financial instruments, and other arrangements.

We are in compliance with all covenants as of December 29, 2012. We continue to believe that we will be able to meet our interest and principal repayment obligations and maintain our debt covenants for the foreseeable future, while still meeting our operational needs, including the pursuit of selected bolt-on acquisitions. This will be accomplished through our strong cash flow, our short-term borrowings, and our maintenance of credit facilities on a global basis.

 

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OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS AND CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

Off-balance sheet arrangements

As of December 29, 2012 and December 31, 2011 we did not have any material off-balance sheet arrangements.

Contractual obligations

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations at December 29, 2012:

 

Contractual obligations    Payments due by period  
(millions)    Total      2013      2014      2015      2016      2017      2018 and
beyond
 

Long-term debt:

                    

Principal

   $ 6,792      $ 759      $ 316      $ 355      $ 1,255      $ 404      $ 3,703  

Interest (a)

     2,702        259        247        244        239        218        1,495  

Capital leases (b)

     5        2        1                                2  

Operating leases (c)

     630        166        130        104        79        60        91  

Purchase obligations (d)

     1,077        879        110        74        14                  

Uncertain tax positions (e)

     21        21                                          

Other long-term obligations (f)

     879        106        60        68        84        226        335  

Total

   $ 12,106      $ 2,192      $ 864      $ 845      $ 1,671      $ 908      $ 5,626  

 

(a) Includes interest payments on our long-term debt and payments on our interest rate swaps. Interest calculated on our variable rate debt was forecasted using the LIBOR forward rate curve as of December 29, 2012.

 

(b) The total expected cash payments on our capital leases include interest expense totaling approximately $1 million over the periods presented above.

 

(c) Operating leases represent the minimum rental commitments under non-cancelable operating leases.

 

(d) Purchase obligations consist primarily of fixed commitments for raw materials to be utilized in the normal course of business and for marketing, advertising and other services. The amounts presented in the table do not include items already recorded in accounts payable or other current liabilities at year-end 2012, nor does the table reflect cash flows we are likely to incur based on our plans, but are not obligated to incur. Therefore, it should be noted that the exclusion of these items from the table could be a limitation in assessing our total future cash flows under contracts.

 

(e) As of December 29, 2012, our total liability for uncertain tax positions was $80 million, of which $21 million, is expected to be paid in the next twelve months. We are not able to reasonably estimate the timing of future cash flows related to the remaining $59 million.

 

(f) Other long-term obligations are those associated with noncurrent liabilities recorded within the Consolidated Balance Sheet at year-end 2012 and consist principally of projected commitments under deferred compensation arrangements, multiemployer plans, and supplemental employee retirement benefits. The table also includes our current estimate of minimum contributions to defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit plans through 2018 as follows: 2013-$63; 2014-$42; 2015-$50; 2016-$51; 2017-$212; 2018-$166.

 

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

Promotional expenditures

Our promotional activities are conducted either through the retail trade or directly with consumers and include activities such as in-store displays and events, feature price discounts, consumer coupons, contests and loyalty programs. The costs of these activities are generally recognized at the time the related revenue is recorded, which normally precedes the actual cash expenditure. The recognition of these costs therefore requires management judgment regarding the volume of promotional offers that will be redeemed by either the retail trade or consumer. These estimates are made using various techniques including historical data on performance of similar promotional programs. Differences between estimated expense and actual redemptions are normally insignificant and recognized as a change in management estimate in a subsequent period. On a full-year basis, these subsequent period adjustments represent approximately 0.5% of our company’s net sales. However, our company’s total promotional expenditures (including amounts classified as a revenue reduction) represented approximately 40% of 2012 net sales; therefore, it is likely that our results would be materially different if different assumptions or conditions were to prevail.

Property

Long-lived assets such as property, plant and equipment are tested for impairment when conditions indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Management evaluates several conditions, including, but not limited to, the following: a significant decrease in the market price of an asset or an asset group; a significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which a long-lived asset is being used, including an extended period of idleness; and a current

 

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expectation that, more likely than not, a long-lived asset or asset group will be sold or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life. For assets to be held and used, we project the expected future undiscounted cash flows generated by the long-lived asset or asset group over the remaining useful life of the primary asset. If the cash flow analysis yields an amount less than the carrying amount we determine the fair value of the asset or asset group by using comparable market data. There are inherent uncertainties associated with the judgments and estimates we use in these analyses.

At December 29, 2012, we have property, plant and equipment of $3.8 billion, net of accumulated depreciation, on our balance sheet. Included in this amount are approximately $19 million of idle assets.

Goodwill and other intangible assets

We perform an impairment evaluation of goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives at least annually during the fourth quarter of each year in conjunction with our annual budgeting process. Our 2012 analysis excluded goodwill and other intangible assets related to the Pringles acquisition on May 31, 2012. Pringles intangible assets will be tested for impairment in the second quarter of 2013.

Goodwill impairment testing first requires a comparison between the carrying value and fair value of a reporting unit with associated goodwill. Carrying value is based on the assets and liabilities associated with the operations of that reporting unit, which often requires allocation of shared or corporate items among reporting units. For the 2012 goodwill impairment test, the fair value of the reporting units was estimated based on market multiples. Our approach employs market multiples based on earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA), earnings for companies comparable to our reporting units and discounted cash flows. Management believes the assumptions used for the impairment test are consistent with those utilized by a market participant performing similar valuations for our reporting units.

Similarly, impairment testing of indefinite-lived intangible assets requires a comparison of carrying value to fair value of that particular asset. Fair values of non-goodwill intangible assets are based primarily on projections of future cash flows to be generated from that asset. For instance, cash flows related to a particular trademark would be based on a projected royalty stream attributable to branded product sales discounted at rates consistent with rates used by market participants. These estimates are made using various inputs including historical data, current and anticipated market conditions, management plans, and market comparables.

We also evaluate the useful life over which a non-goodwill intangible asset with a finite life is expected to contribute directly or indirectly to our cash flows. Reaching a determination on useful life requires significant judgments and assumptions regarding the future effects of obsolescence, demand, competition, other economic factors (such as the stability of the industry, known technological advances, legislative action that results in an uncertain or changing regulatory environment, and expected changes in distribution channels), the level of required maintenance expenditures, and the expected lives of other related groups of assets.

At December 29, 2012, goodwill and other intangible assets amounted to $7.4 billion, consisting primarily of goodwill and brands associated with the 2001 acquisition of Keebler Foods Company and the 2012 acquisition of Pringles. Within this total, approximately $2.2 billion of non-goodwill intangible assets were classified as indefinite-lived, comprised principally of Keebler and Pringles trademarks. We currently believe that the fair value of our goodwill and other intangible assets exceeds their carrying value and that those intangibles so classified will contribute indefinitely to our cash flows. At December 29, 2012, the fair value of our U.S. Snacks reporting unit, excluding Pringles, exceeded its book value by $2.0 billion. However, if we had used materially different assumptions, which we do not believe are reasonably possible, regarding the future performance of our business or a different weighted-average cost of capital in the valuation, this could have resulted in significant impairment losses. Additionally, we have $60 million of goodwill related to our 2008 acquisition of United Bakers in Russia. The percentage of excess fair value over carrying value of the Russian reporting unit was approximately 30% in 2012 and 2011. If we used modestly different assumptions regarding sales multiples and EBITDA in the valuation, this could have resulted in an impairment loss. For example, if our projection of EBITDA margins had been lower by 200 basis points, this change in assumption may have resulted in impairment of some or all of the goodwill in the Russian reporting unit. Management will continue to monitor the situation closely.

Retirement benefits

Our company sponsors a number of U.S. and foreign defined benefit employee pension plans and also provides retiree health care and other welfare benefits in the United States and Canada. Plan funding strategies are influenced by tax regulations and asset return performance. A substantial majority of plan assets are invested in a globally diversified portfolio of equity securities with smaller holdings of debt securities and other investments. We recognize the cost of benefits provided during retirement over the employees’ active working life to determine the obligations and expense related to our retiree benefit

 

26


plans. Inherent in this concept is the requirement to use various actuarial assumptions to predict and measure costs and obligations many years prior to the settlement date. Major actuarial assumptions that require significant management judgment and have a material impact on the measurement of our consolidated benefits expense and accumulated obligation include the long-term rates of return on plan assets, the health care cost trend rates, and the interest rates used to discount the obligations for our major plans, which cover employees in the United States, United Kingdom and Canada.

In the fourth quarter of 2012, we elected to change our policy for recognizing expense for pension and nonpension postretirement benefits. Previously, we recognized actuarial gains and losses associated with benefit obligations in accumulated other comprehensive income in the consolidated balance sheet upon each plan remeasurement, amortizing them into operating results over the average future service period of active employees in these plans. Under the new policy, we have elected to immediately recognize actuarial gains and losses in our operating results in the year in which they occur, eliminating the amortization. Actuarial gains and losses will be recognized annually as of our measurement date, which is our fiscal year-end, or when remeasurement is otherwise required under generally accepted accounting principles.

Additionally, for purposes of calculating the expected return on plan assets related to pension and nonpension postretirement benefits, we will no longer use the market-related value of plan assets; an averaging technique permitted under generally accepted accounting principles, but instead will use the fair value of plan assets.

To conduct our annual review of the long-term rate of return on plan assets, we model expected returns over a 20-year investment horizon with respect to the specific investment mix of each of our major plans. The return assumptions used reflect a combination of rigorous historical performance analysis and forward-looking views of the financial markets including consideration of current yields on long-term bonds, price-earnings ratios of the major stock market indices, and long-term inflation. Our U.S. plan model, corresponding to approximately 69% of our trust assets globally, currently incorporates a long-term inflation assumption of 2.5% and an active management premium of 1% (net of fees) validated by historical analysis and future return expectations. Although we review our expected long-term rates of return annually, our benefit trust investment performance for one particular year does not, by itself, significantly influence our evaluation. Our expected rates of return have generally not been revised, provided these rates continue to fall within a “more likely than not” corridor of between the 25th and 75th percentile of expected long-term returns, as determined by our modeling process. While our expected rate of return for 2012 of 8.9% was supported by historical performance and equated to approximately the 62nd percentile of our model, we have elected to lower our expected rate of return to 8.5% in 2013. This reduction is based on the expectation to de-risk the plan investment portfolio over time and as the market allows. Our assumed rate of return for U.S. plans in 2013 of 8.5% equates to approximately the 61st percentile expectation of our model. Similar methods are used for various foreign plans with invested assets, reflecting local economic conditions. Foreign trust investments represent approximately 31% of our global benefit plan assets.

Based on consolidated benefit plan assets at December 29, 2012, a 100 basis point increase or decrease in the assumed rate of return would correspondingly increase or decrease 2013 benefits expense by approximately $54 million. For each of the three fiscal years, our actual return on plan assets exceeded (was less than) the recognized assumed return by the following amounts (in millions): 2012-$211; 2011-$(471); 2010–$246.

To conduct our annual review of health care cost trend rates, we model our actual claims cost data over a five-year historical period, including an analysis of pre-65 versus post-65 age groups and other important demographic components in our covered retiree population. This data is adjusted to eliminate the impact of plan changes and other factors that would tend to distort the underlying cost inflation trends. Our initial health care cost trend rate is reviewed annually and adjusted as necessary to remain consistent with recent historical experience and our expectations regarding short-term future trends. In comparison to our actual five-year compound annual claims cost growth rate of approximately 5.4%, our initial trend rate for 2013 of 5.5% reflects the expected future impact of faster-growing claims experience for certain demographic groups within our total employee population. Our initial rate is trended downward by 0.5% per year, until the ultimate trend rate of 4.5% is reached. The ultimate trend rate is adjusted annually, as necessary, to approximate the current economic view on the rate of long-term inflation plus an appropriate health care cost premium. Based on consolidated obligations at December 29, 2012, a 100 basis point increase in the assumed health care cost trend rates would increase 2013 benefits expense by approximately $13 million and generate an immediate loss recognition of $166 million. A 100 basis point excess of 2013 actual health care claims cost over that calculated from the assumed trend rate would result in an experience loss of approximately $9 million and would increase 2013 expense by $0.3 million. Any arising health care claims

 

27


cost-related experience gain or loss is recognized in the year in which they occur. The experience gain arising from recognition of 2012 claims experience was approximately $11 million.

To conduct our annual review of discount rates, we selected the discount rate based on a cash-flow matching analysis using Towers Watson’s proprietary RATE:Link tool and projections of the future benefit payments constituting the projected benefit obligation for the plans. RATE:Link establishes the uniform discount rate that produces the same present value of the estimated future benefit payments, as is generated by discounting each year’s benefit payments by a spot rate applicable to that year. The spot rates used in this process are derived from a yield curve created from yields on the 40th to 90th percentile of U.S. high quality bonds. A similar methodology is applied in Canada and Europe, except the smaller bond markets imply that yields between the 10th and 90th percentiles are preferable. The measurement dates for our defined benefit plans are consistent with our fiscal year end. Accordingly, we select discount rates to measure our benefit obligations that are consistent with market indices during December of each year.

Based on consolidated obligations at December 29, 2012, a 25 basis point decline in the weighted-average discount rate used for benefit plan measurement purposes would increase 2013 benefits expense by approximately $2 million and would result in an immediate loss recognition of $233 million. All obligation-related actuarial gains and losses are recognized immediately in the year in which they occur.

Despite the previously-described rigorous policies for selecting major actuarial assumptions, we periodically experience material differences between assumed and actual experience. During 2012, we recognized a net actuarial loss of approximately $445 million compared to approximately $737 million in 2011. Of the total net loss recognized in 2012, approximately $656 million was related primarily to unfavorable changes in the discount rate, offset by approximately $211 million in asset gains during 2012. Of the $737 million net loss recognized in 2011, approximately $266 million was related to unfavorable changes in the discount rate that were partially offset by the adoption of an Employer Group Waiver Plan (EGWP) design for prescription drug costs for the U.S. retiree medical plan, and $471 million was related to unfavorable asset performance.

During 2012, we made contributions in the amount of $38 million to Kellogg’s global tax-qualified pension programs. This amount was mostly non-discretionary. Additionally we contributed $13 million to our retiree medical programs.

Income taxes

Our consolidated effective income tax rate is influenced by tax planning opportunities available to us in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. The calculation of our income tax provision and deferred income tax assets and liabilities is complex and requires the use of estimates and judgment. Income taxes are provided on the portion of foreign earnings that is expected to be remitted to and taxable in the United States.

We recognize tax benefits associated with uncertain tax positions when, in our judgment, it is more likely than not that the positions will be sustained upon examination by a taxing authority. For tax positions that meet the more likely than not recognition threshold, we initially and subsequently measure the tax benefits as the largest amount that we judge to have a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Our liability associated with unrecognized tax benefits is adjusted periodically due to changing circumstances, such as the progress of tax audits, new or emerging legislation and tax planning. The tax position will be derecognized when it is no longer more likely than not of being sustained. Significant adjustments to our liability for unrecognized tax benefits impacting our effective tax rate are separately presented in the rate reconciliation table of Note 11 within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

ACCOUNTING STANDARDS TO BE ADOPTED IN FUTURE PERIODS

Reporting of amounts reclassified out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

In February 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued an updated accounting standard which requires companies to present information about reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income in a single note or on the face of the financial statements. The updated standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2012, with early adoption permitted. We will adopt the updated standard in the first quarter of 2013.

Indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment testing

In July 2012, the FASB issued an updated accounting standard to allow entities the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment test. Under the updated standard an entity would not be required to perform the quantitative impairment test unless the entity determines, based on a qualitative assessment, that it is more likely than not that an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired. The updated standard is

 

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effective for annual and interim impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2012, with early adoption permitted. We will adopt the updated standard in connection with our impairment evaluations to be completed in the second and fourth quarters of 2013.

FUTURE OUTLOOK

We anticipate 2013 will be a return to our on-going operating model. In recent years we have invested in the business, adjusted our strategy to focus more on growth, and acquired Pringles. With the foundation that we have set as a result of this work, we expect to realize growth in 2013 through increased investment in advertising and continued investment behind a strong line-up of innovation launches. We expect reported net sales will increase by approximately 7 percent, gross margin to decline approximately 50 basis points due to the full-year impact of the Pringles business, reported operating profit to grow slightly more than EPS, and reported EPS to grow by 5 to 7 percent. Projected EPS growth includes a $0.12 to $0.14 impact from Pringles integration costs. This outlook excludes the impact of mark-to-market adjustments on our pension and post-retirement benefit plans as well as commodity contracts.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Our company is exposed to certain market risks, which exist as a part of our ongoing business operations. We use derivative financial and commodity instruments, where appropriate, to manage these risks. As a matter of policy, we do not engage in trading or speculative transactions. Refer to Note 12 within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on our derivative financial and commodity instruments.

Foreign exchange risk

Our company is exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency cash flows related primarily to third-party purchases, intercompany transactions, and when applicable, nonfunctional currency denominated third-party debt. Our company is also exposed to fluctuations in the value of foreign currency investments in subsidiaries and cash flows related to repatriation of these investments. Additionally, our company is exposed to volatility in the translation of foreign currency denominated earnings to U.S. dollars. Primary exposures include the U.S. dollar versus the euro, British pound, Australian dollar, Canadian dollar, and Mexican peso, and in the case of inter-subsidiary transactions, the British pound versus the euro. We assess foreign currency risk based on transactional cash flows and translational volatility and may enter into forward contracts, options, and currency swaps to reduce fluctuations in long or short currency positions. Forward contracts and options are generally less than 18 months duration. Currency swap agreements may be established in conjunction with the term of underlying debt issuances.

The total notional amount of foreign currency derivative instruments at year-end 2012 was $570 million, representing a settlement receivable of $1 million. The total notional amount of foreign currency derivative instruments at year-end 2011 was $1.3 billion, representing a settlement obligation of $7 million. All of these derivatives were hedges of anticipated transactions, translational exposure, or existing assets or liabilities, and mature within 18 months. Assuming an unfavorable 10% change in year-end exchange rates, the settlement receivable would have decreased by approximately $57 million at year-end 2012 and the settlement obligation would have increased by approximately $127 million at year-end 2011. These unfavorable changes would generally have been offset by favorable changes in the values of the underlying exposures.

Venezuela was designated as a highly inflationary economy as of the beginning of our 2010 fiscal year. Gains and losses resulting from the translation of the financial statements of subsidiaries operating in highly inflationary economies are recorded in earnings. As of the end of our 2009 fiscal year, we used the parallel rate to translate our Venezuelan subsidiary’s financial statements to U.S. dollars. In May 2010, the Venezuelan government effectively eliminated the parallel market. In June 2010, several large Venezuelan commercial banks began operating the Transaction System for Foreign Currency Denominated Securities (SITME). Accordingly, we began using the SITME rate as of January 1, 2011 to translate our Venezuelan subsidiary’s financial statements to U.S. dollars. During 2010, we recorded a $3 million foreign exchange gain in other income (expense), net, associated with the translation of our subsidiary’s financials into U.S. dollars, with no impact during 2012 or 2011. In February 2013, the Venezuelan government announced a 46.5% devaluation of the official exchange rate. Additionally, the SITME was eliminated. Accordingly, in 2013 we will begin using the official exchange rate to translate our Venezuelan subsidiary’s financial statements to U.S. dollar. On a consolidated basis, Venezuela represents less than 2% of our business; therefore, any ongoing impact is expected to be immaterial.

Interest rate risk

Our Company is exposed to interest rate volatility with regard to future issuances of fixed rate debt and existing and future issuances of variable rate debt. Primary exposures include movements in U.S. Treasury rates, London Interbank Offered Rates (LIBOR), and commercial paper rates. We periodically use interest rate swaps and forward interest rate contracts to reduce interest rate volatility and funding costs

 

29


associated with certain debt issues, and to achieve a desired proportion of variable versus fixed rate debt, based on current and projected market conditions.

During 2012 and 2011, we entered into interest rate swaps in connection with certain U.S. Dollar Notes. Refer to disclosures contained in Note 6 within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The total notional amount of interest rate swaps at year-end 2012 was $2.2 billion, representing a settlement receivable of $64 million. The total notional amount of interest rate swaps at year-end 2011 was $600 million, representing a settlement receivable of $23 million. Assuming average variable rate debt levels during the year, a one percentage point increase in interest rates would have increased interest expense by approximately $24 million at year-end 2012 and $18 million at year-end 2011.

Price risk

Our company is exposed to price fluctuations primarily as a result of anticipated purchases of raw and packaging materials, fuel, and energy. Primary exposures include corn, wheat, soybean oil, sugar, cocoa, cartonboard, natural gas, and diesel fuel. We have historically used the combination of long-term contracts with suppliers, and exchange-traded futures and option contracts to reduce price fluctuations in a desired percentage of forecasted raw material purchases over a duration of generally less than 18 months. During 2006, we entered into two separate 10-year over-the-counter commodity swap transactions to reduce fluctuations in the price of natural gas used principally in our manufacturing processes. The notional amount of the swaps totaled $84 million as of December 29, 2012 and equates to approximately 50% of our North America manufacturing needs over the remaining hedge period. At year-end December 31, 2011 the notional amount was $104 million.

The total notional amount of commodity derivative instruments at year-end 2012, including the North America natural gas swaps, was $136 million, representing a settlement obligation of approximately $36 million. The total notional amount of commodity derivative instruments at year-end 2011, including the natural gas swaps, was $175 million, representing a settlement obligation of approximately $48 million. Assuming a 10% decrease in year-end commodity prices, the settlement obligation would have increased by approximately $9 million at year-end 2012, and $12 million at year-end 2011, generally offset by a reduction in the cost of the underlying commodity purchases.

In addition to the commodity derivative instruments discussed above, we use long-term contracts with suppliers to manage a portion of the price exposure associated with future purchases of certain raw materials, including rice, sugar, cartonboard, and corrugated boxes. It should be noted the exclusion of these contracts from the analysis above could be a limitation in assessing the net market risk of our company.

Reciprocal collateralization agreements

In some instances we have reciprocal collateralization agreements with counterparties regarding fair value positions in excess of certain thresholds. These agreements call for the posting of collateral in the form of cash, treasury securities or letters of credit if a net liability position to us or our counterparties exceeds a certain amount. As of December 29, 2012, we had received $8 million cash collateral from a counterparty, which was reflected as a decrease in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. As of December 31, 2011, we had posted collateral of $2 million in the form of cash, which was reflected as an increase in accounts receivable, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

 

30


ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Kellogg Company and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME

 

(millions, except per share data)    2012        2011        2010  

Net sales

   $ 14,197        $ 13,198        $ 12,397  

Cost of goods sold

     8,763          8,046          7,055  

Selling, general and administrative expense

     3,872          3,725          3,305  

Operating profit

   $ 1,562        $ 1,427        $ 2,037  

Interest expense

     261          233          248  

Other income (expense), net

     24          (10        1  

Income before income taxes

     1,325          1,184          1,790  

Income taxes

     363          320          510  

Earnings (loss) from joint ventures

     (1                    

Net income

   $ 961        $ 864        $ 1,280  

Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests

               (2        (7

Net income attributable to Kellogg Company

   $ 961        $ 866        $ 1,287  

Per share amounts:

            

Basic

   $ 2.68        $ 2.39        $ 3.43  

Diluted

   $ 2.67        $ 2.38        $ 3.40  

Dividends per share

   $ 1.740        $ 1.670        $ 1.560  

Refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

31


Kellogg Company and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

 

      2012   2011          2010  
(millions)    Pre-tax
amount
    Tax
(expense)
benefit
    After-tax
amount
        Pre-tax
amount
    Tax
(expense)
benefit
    After-tax
amount
        Pre-tax
amount
    Tax
(expense)
benefit
    After-tax
amount
 
                                                                              

Net income

       $ 961            $ 864            $ 1,280   

Other comprehensive income:

                      

Foreign currency translation adjustments

   $ 79      $        79       $ (105   $ (2     (107     $ (18   $        (18

Cash flow hedges:

                      

Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges

     (5     2       (3       (51     18       (33       51       (21     30  

Reclassification to net income

     14       (5     9         (2     1       (1       34       (9     25  

Postretirement and postemployment benefits:

                      

Amounts arising during the period:

                      

Net experience gain (loss)

     (7     3       (4       (6     2       (4       (7     3       (4

Prior service credit (cost)

     (26     9       (17       (3     1       (2       (8     (13     (21

Reclassification to net income:

                      

Net experience loss

     5       (2     3         5       (1     4         4       (1     3  

Prior service cost

     12       (4     8         11       (4     7         11       (4     7  

 

 

 

 

         
                                   

Other comprehensive income (loss)

   $ 72      $ 3      $ 75        $ (151   $ 15      $ (136     $ 67      $ (45   $ 22   

 

 

 

 

         
                                   

Comprehensive income

                   $ 1,036                          $ 728                          $ 1,302   

Refer to notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

32


Kellogg Company and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

 

(millions, except share data)    2012        2011  

Current assets

       

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 281        $ 460  

Accounts receivable, net

     1,454          1,188  

Inventories

     1,365          1,174  

Other current assets

     280          247  

Total current assets

     3,380          3,069  

Property, net

     3,782          3,281  

Goodwill

     5,053          3,623  

Other intangibles, net

     2,359          1,454  

Other assets

     610          516  

Total assets

   $ 15,184        $ 11,943  

Current liabilities

       

Current maturities of long-term debt

   $ 755        $ 761  

Notes payable

     1,065          234  

Accounts payable

     1,402          1,189  

Other current liabilities

     1,301          1,129  

Total current liabilities

     4,523          3,313  

Long-term debt

     6,082          5,037  

Deferred income taxes

     523          643  

Pension liability

     886          560  

Other liabilities

     690          592  

Commitments and contingencies

       

Equity

       

Common stock, $.25 par value, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized
Issued: 419,718,217 shares in 2012 and 419,484,087 shares in 2011

     105          105  

Capital in excess of par value

     573          522  

Retained earnings

     5,615          5,305  

Treasury stock, at cost
58,452,083 shares in 2012 and 62,182,500 shares in 2011

     (2,943        (3,130

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

     (931        (1,006

Total Kellogg Company equity

     2,419          1,796  

Noncontrolling interests

     61          2  

Total equity

     2,480          1,798  

Total liabilities and equity

   $ 15,184        $ 11,943  

Refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

33


Kellogg Company and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY

 

(millions)   Common
stock
   

Capital in
excess of

par value

   

Retained

earnings

    Treasury stock    

Accumulated
other
comprehensive

income (loss)

   

Total
Kellogg
Company

equity

   

Non-
controlling

interests

   

Total

equity

   

Total
comprehensive

income (loss)

 
  shares     amount         shares     amount            

Balance, January 2, 2010

    419     $ 105     $ 472     $ 4,390       38     $ (1,820)      $ (892)      $ 2,255     $ 3     $ 2,258    

Common stock repurchases

            21       (1,057)          (1,057)          (1,057)     

Net income (loss)

          1,287             1,287       (7)        1,280       1,280  

Dividends

          (584)              (584)          (584)     

Other comprehensive income

                22       22         22       22  

Stock compensation

        19               19         19    

Stock options exercised and other

                    4       (22)        (5)        227               209               209          

Balance, January 1, 2011

    419     $ 105     $ 495     $ 5,071       54     $ (2,650)      $ (870)      $ 2,151     $ (4)      $ 2,147     $ 1,302  
                     

 

 

 

Common stock repurchases

            15       (793)          (793)          (793)     

Acquisition of noncontrolling interest

        (8)                (8)        8           

Net income (loss)

          866             866       (2)        864       864  

Dividends

          (604)              (604)          (604)     

Other comprehensive income

                (136)        (136)          (136)        (136)   

Stock compensation

        26               26         26    

Stock options exercised and other

                    9       (28)        (7)        313               294               294          

Balance, December 31, 2011

    419     $ 105     $ 522     $ 5,305       62     $ (3,130)      $ (1,006)      $ 1,796     $ 2     $ 1,798     $ 728  
                     

 

 

 

Common stock repurchases

            1       (63)          (63)          (63)     

Acquisition of noncontrolling interest

                         59       59    

Net income (loss)

          961             961             961       961  

Dividends

          (622)              (622)          (622)     

Other comprehensive loss

                75       75         75       75  

Stock compensation

        36               36         36    

Stock options exercised and other

    1                15       (29)        (5)        250               236               236          

Balance, December 29, 2012

    420     $ 105     $ 573     $ 5,615       58     $ (2,943)      $ (931)      $ 2,419     $ 61     $ 2,480     $ 1,036  

Refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

34


Kellogg Company and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

 

(millions)    2012        2011        2010  

Operating activities

            

Net income

   $ 961        $ 864        $ 1,280  

Adjustments to reconcile net income to operating cash flows:

            

Depreciation and amortization

     448          369          392  

Postretirement benefit plan expense

     419          684          67  

Deferred income taxes

     (159        (93        266  

Other

     (21        (115        3  

Postretirement benefit plan contributions

     (51        (192        (643

Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:

            

Trade receivables

     (65        (100        59  

Inventories

     (80        (125        (159

Accounts payable

     208          40          72  

Accrued income taxes

     25          132          (192

Accrued interest expense

     (1        (7        9  

Accrued and prepaid advertising, promotion and trade allowances

     97          4          (12

Accrued salaries and wages

     15          89          (169

All other current assets and liabilities

     (38        45          35  

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

   $ 1,758        $ 1,595        $ 1,008  

Investing activities

            

Additions to properties

   $ (533      $ (594      $ (474

Acquisitions, net of cash acquired

     (2,668                    

Other

     (44        7          9  

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

   $ (3,245      $ (587      $ (465

Financing activities

            

Net increase (reduction) of notes payable, with maturities less than or equal to 90 days

   $ 779        $ 189        $ (1

Issuances of notes payable, with maturities greater than 90 days

     724                      

Reductions of notes payable, with maturities greater than 90 days

     (707                    

Issuances of long-term debt

     1,727          895          987  

Reductions of long-term debt

     (750        (945        (1

Net issuances of common stock

     229          291          204  

Common stock repurchases

     (63        (798        (1,052

Cash dividends

     (622        (604        (584

Other

               15          8  

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

   $ 1,317        $ (957      $ (439

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

     (9        (35        6  

Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

   $ (179      $ 16        $ 110  

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

     460          444          334  

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

   $ 281        $ 460        $ 444  

Refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

35


Kellogg Company and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

NOTE 1

ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Kellogg Company, those of the subsidiaries that it controls due to ownership of a majority voting interest and the accounts of the variable interest entities (VIEs) of which Kellogg Company is the primary beneficiary (Kellogg or the Company). The Company continually evaluates its involvement with VIEs to determine whether it has variable interests and is the primary beneficiary of the VIE. When these criteria are met, the Company is required to consolidate the VIE. The Company’s share of earnings or losses of nonconsolidated affiliates is included in its consolidated operating results using the equity method of accounting when it is able to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial decisions of the affiliate. The Company uses the cost method of accounting if it is not able to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial decisions of the affiliate. Intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated.

The Company’s fiscal year normally ends on the Saturday closest to December 31 and as a result, a 53rd week is added approximately every sixth year. The Company’s 2012, 2011 and 2010 fiscal years each contained 52 weeks and ended on December 29, 2012, December 31, 2011 and January 1, 2011, respectively. The next fiscal year which will contain a 53rd week for the Company will be 2014, ending on January 3, 2015.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods reported. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and cash equivalents

Highly liquid investments with remaining stated maturities of three months or less when purchased are considered cash equivalents and recorded at cost.

Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable consists principally of trade receivables, which are recorded at the invoiced amount, net of allowances for doubtful accounts and prompt payment discounts. Trade receivables do not bear interest. The allowance for doubtful accounts represents management’s estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in existing accounts receivable, as determined from a review of past due balances and other specific account data. Account balances are written off against the allowance when management determines the receivable is uncollectible. The Company does not have off-balance sheet credit exposure related to its customers.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined on an average cost basis.

Property

The Company’s property consists mainly of plants and equipment used for manufacturing activities. These assets are recorded at cost and depreciated over estimated useful lives using straight-line methods for financial reporting and accelerated methods, where permitted, for tax reporting. Major property categories are depreciated over various periods as follows (in years): manufacturing machinery and equipment 5-20; office equipment 4-5; computer equipment and capitalized software 3-7; building components 15-25; building structures 50. Cost includes interest associated with significant capital projects. Plant and equipment are reviewed for impairment when conditions indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Such conditions include an extended period of idleness or a plan of disposal. Assets to be disposed of at a future date are depreciated over the remaining period of use. Assets to be sold are written down to realizable value at the time the assets are being actively marketed for sale and a sale is expected to occur within one year. As of year-end 2012 and 2011, the carrying value of assets held for sale was insignificant.

Goodwill and other intangible assets

Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles are not amortized, but are tested at least annually for impairment of value and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the asset may be impaired. An intangible asset with a finite life is amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life.

For the goodwill impairment test, the fair value of the reporting units are estimated based on market multiples. This approach employs market multiples based on earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, earnings for companies that are comparable to the Company’s reporting units and discounted cash flow. The assumptions used for the impairment test are consistent with those utilized by a market participant performing similar valuations for the Company’s reporting units.

 

36


Similarly, impairment testing of other intangible assets requires a comparison of carrying value to fair value of that particular asset. Fair values of non-goodwill intangible assets are based primarily on projections of future cash flows to be generated from that asset. For instance, cash flows related to a particular trademark would be based on a projected royalty stream attributable to branded product sales, discounted at rates consistent with rates used by market participants.

These estimates are made using various inputs including historical data, current and anticipated market conditions, management plans, and market comparables.

Revenue recognition

The Company recognizes sales upon delivery of its products to customers. Revenue, which includes shipping and handling charges billed to the customer, is reported net of applicable provisions for discounts, returns, allowances, and various government withholding taxes. Methodologies for determining these provisions are dependent on local customer pricing and promotional practices, which range from contractually fixed percentage price reductions to reimbursement based on actual occurrence or performance. Where applicable, future reimbursements are estimated based on a combination of historical patterns and future expectations regarding specific in-market product performance.

Advertising and promotion

The Company expenses production costs of advertising the first time the advertising takes place. Advertising expense is classified in selling, general and administrative (SGA) expense.

The Company classifies promotional payments to its customers, the cost of consumer coupons, and other cash redemption offers in net sales. The cost of promotional package inserts is recorded in cost of goods sold (COGS). Other types of consumer promotional expenditures are recorded in SGA expense.

Research and development

The costs of research and development (R&D) are expensed as incurred and are classified in SGA expense. R&D includes expenditures for new product and process innovation, as well as significant technological improvements to existing products and processes. The Company’s R&D expenditures primarily consist of internal salaries, wages, consulting, and supplies attributable to time spent on R&D activities. Other costs include depreciation and maintenance of research facilities and equipment, including assets at manufacturing locations that are temporarily engaged in pilot plant activities.

Stock-based compensation

The Company uses stock-based compensation, including stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, and executive performance shares, to provide long-term performance incentives for its global workforce.

The Company classifies pre-tax stock compensation expense principally in SGA expense within its corporate operations. Expense attributable to awards of equity instruments is recorded in capital in excess of par value in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Certain of the Company’s stock-based compensation plans contain provisions that accelerate vesting of awards upon retirement, disability, or death of eligible employees and directors. A stock-based award is considered vested for expense attribution purposes when the employee’s retention of the award is no longer contingent on providing subsequent service. Accordingly, the Company recognizes compensation cost immediately for awards granted to retirement-eligible individuals or over the period from the grant date to the date retirement eligibility is achieved, if less than the stated vesting period.

The Company recognizes compensation cost for stock option awards that have a graded vesting schedule on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award.

Corporate income tax benefits realized upon exercise or vesting of an award in excess of that previously recognized in earnings (“windfall tax benefit”) is recorded in other financing activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. Realized windfall tax benefits are credited to capital in excess of par value in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Realized shortfall tax benefits (amounts which are less than that previously recognized in earnings) are first offset against the cumulative balance of windfall tax benefits, if any, and then charged directly to income tax expense. The Company currently has sufficient cumulative windfall tax benefits to absorb arising shortfalls, such that earnings were not affected during the periods presented. Correspondingly, the Company includes the impact of pro forma deferred tax assets (i.e., the “as if” windfall or shortfall) for purposes of determining assumed proceeds in the treasury stock calculation of diluted earnings per share.

Income taxes

The Company recognizes uncertain tax positions based on a benefit recognition model. Provided that the tax position is deemed more likely than not of being sustained, the Company recognizes the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being ultimately realized upon settlement. The tax position is derecognized when it is no longer more likely than not of being sustained. The Company

 

37


classifies income tax-related interest and penalties as interest expense and SGA expense, respectively, on the Consolidated Statement of Income. The current portion of the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits is presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet in other current assets and other current liabilities, and the amounts expected to be settled after one year are recorded in other assets and other liabilities.

Income taxes are provided on the portion of foreign earnings that is expected to be remitted to and taxable in the United States.

Derivative Instruments

The fair value of derivative instruments is recorded in other current assets, other assets, other current liabilities or other liabilities. Gains and losses representing either hedge ineffectiveness, hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness, or hedges of translational exposure are recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Income in other income (expense), net (OIE). In the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, settlements of cash flow and fair value hedges are classified as an operating activity; settlements of all other derivative instruments, including instruments for which hedge accounting has been discontinued, are classified consistent with the nature of the instrument.

Cash flow hedges.  Qualifying derivatives are accounted for as cash flow hedges when the hedged item is a forecasted transaction. Gains and losses on these instruments are recorded in other comprehensive income until the underlying transaction is recorded in earnings. When the hedged item is realized, gains or losses are reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI) to the Consolidated Statement of Income on the same line item as the underlying transaction.

Fair value hedges.  Qualifying derivatives are accounted for as fair value hedges when the hedged item is a recognized asset, liability, or firm commitment. Gains and losses on these instruments are recorded in earnings, offsetting gains and losses on the hedged item.

Net investment hedges.  Qualifying derivative and nonderivative financial instruments are accounted for as net investment hedges when the hedged item is a nonfunctional currency investment in a subsidiary. Gains and losses on these instruments are included in foreign currency translation adjustments in AOCI.

Derivatives not designated for hedge accounting.  Gains and losses on these instruments are recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Income, on same line item as the underlying hedged item.

Other contracts.  The Company periodically enters into foreign currency forward contracts and options to reduce volatility in the translation of foreign currency earnings to U.S. dollars. Gains and losses on these instruments are recorded in OIE, generally reducing the exposure to translation volatility during a full-year period.

Foreign currency exchange risk.  The Company is exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency cash flows related primarily to third-party purchases, intercompany transactions and when applicable, nonfunctional currency denominated third-party debt. The Company is also exposed to fluctuations in the value of foreign currency investments in subsidiaries and cash flows related to repatriation of these investments. Additionally, the Company is exposed to volatility in the translation of foreign currency denominated earnings to U.S. dollars. Management assesses foreign currency risk based on transactional cash flows and translational volatility and may enter into forward contracts, options, and currency swaps to reduce fluctuations in long or short currency positions. Forward contracts and options are generally less than 18 months duration. Currency swap agreements are established in conjunction with the term of underlying debt issues.

For foreign currency cash flow and fair value hedges, the assessment of effectiveness is generally based on changes in spot rates. Changes in time value are reported in OIE.

Interest rate risk.  The Company is exposed to interest rate volatility with regard to future issuances of fixed rate debt and existing and future issuances of variable rate debt. The Company periodically uses interest rate swaps, including forward-starting swaps, to reduce interest rate volatility and funding costs associated with certain debt issues, and to achieve a desired proportion of variable versus fixed rate debt, based on current and projected market conditions.

Fixed-to-variable interest rate swaps are accounted for as fair value hedges and the assessment of effectiveness is based on changes in the fair value of the underlying debt, using incremental borrowing rates currently available on loans with similar terms and maturities.

Price risk.  The Company is exposed to price fluctuations primarily as a result of anticipated purchases of raw and packaging materials, fuel, and energy. The Company has historically used the combination of long-term contracts with suppliers, and exchange-traded futures and option contracts to reduce price fluctuations in a desired percentage of forecasted raw material purchases over a duration of generally less than 18 months.

 

38


Certain commodity contracts are accounted for as cash flow hedges, while others are marked to market through earnings. The assessment of effectiveness for exchange-traded instruments is based on changes in futures prices. The assessment of effectiveness for over-the-counter transactions is based on changes in designated indices.

Pension benefits, nonpension postretirement and postemployment benefits

The Company sponsors a number of U.S. and foreign plans to provide pension, health care, and other welfare benefits to retired employees, as well as salary continuance, severance, and long-term disability to former or inactive employees.

The recognition of benefit expense is based on actuarial assumptions, such as discount rate, long-term rate of compensation increase, long-term rate of return on plan assets and health care cost trend rate, and is reported in COGS and SGA expense on the Consolidated Statement of Income.

Postemployment benefits.  The Company recognizes an obligation for postemployment benefit plans that vest or accumulate with service. Obligations associated with the Company’s postemployment benefit plans, which are unfunded, are included in other current liabilities and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. All gains and losses are recognized over the average remaining service period of active plan participants.

Postemployment benefits that do not vest or accumulate with service or benefits to employees in excess of those specified in the respective plans are expensed as incurred.

Pension and nonpension postretirement benefits.  In the fourth quarter of 2012, the Company elected to change its policy for recognizing expense for pension and nonpension postretirement benefits. Previously, the Company recognized actuarial gains and losses associated with benefit obligations in accumulated other comprehensive income in the consolidated balance sheet upon each plan remeasurement, amortizing them into operating results over the average future service period of active employees in these plans. Under the new policy, the Company has elected to immediately recognize actuarial gains and losses in operating results in the year in which they occur, eliminating the amortization. Experience gains and losses will be recognized annually as of the measurement date, which is the Company’s fiscal year-end, or when remeasurement is otherwise required under generally accepted accounting principles. The Company believes the new policy provides greater transparency to on-going operating results and better reflects the Company’s obligations to its employees and the impact of the current market conditions on those obligations.

Additionally, for purposes of calculating the expected return on plan assets, the Company will no longer use the market-related value of plan assets; an averaging technique permitted under generally accepted accounting principles, but instead will use the fair value of plan assets.

Concurrent with this change in policy, the Company has elected to modify its allocation of pension and postretirement benefit plan costs to reportable segments for management evaluation and reporting purposes. Previously the Company included the total costs for these benefits within the reportable segment results. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2012, the reportable segments are allocated service cost and amortization of prior service cost. All other components of pension and postretirement benefit expense, including interest cost, expected return on assets, and experience gains and losses are considered unallocated corporate costs and are not included in the measure of reportable segment operating results. Financial results for 2011 and prior have been re-cast to include the impact of adopting new pension and post-retirement benefit plan accounting. See Note 16 for more information on reportable segments.

Management reviews the Company’s expected long-term rates of return annually; however, the benefit trust investment performance for one particular year does not, by itself, significantly influence this evaluation. The expected rates of return are generally not revised provided these rates fall between the 25th and 75th percentile of expected long-term returns, as determined by the Company’s modeling process.

For defined benefit pension and postretirement plans, the Company records the net overfunded or underfunded position as a pension asset or pension liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

 

39


The changes in policy during 2012 have been reported through retrospective application of the new policies to all periods presented. The Company also considered the impact of recast pension and postretirement benefit expense on capitalized inventory balances in prior periods. The impacts of this change in policy to the financial statements are summarized below:

 

Consolidated Statement of Income                        
(millions, except per share data)    2012   
      Before
Accounting
Change
     As
Reported
     Effect of
Change
 

Cost of goods sold

   $ 8,595       $ 8,763       $ 168   

Selling, general and administrative expense

     3,717        3,872        155  

Operating profit

     1,885        1,562        (323

Income before taxes

     1,648        1,325        (323

Income taxes

     468        363        (105

Net Income

     1,179        961        (218

Net income attributable to Kellogg Company

     1,179        961        (218

Per share amounts:

        

Basic

   $ 3.29       $ 2.68       $ (0.61

Diluted

   $ 3.28       $ 2.67       $ (0.61

 

Consolidated Statement of Income               
(millions, except per share data)    2011     2010  
      Previously
Reported
     Re-Cast      Effect of
Change
    Previously
Reported
     Re-Cast      Effect of
Change
 

Cost of goods sold

   $ 7,750       $ 8,046       $ 296      $ 7,108       $ 7,055       $ (53

Selling, general and administrative expense

     3,472        3,725        253       3,299        3,305        6  

Operating profit

     1,976        1,427        (549     1,990        2,037        47  

Income before taxes

     1,732        1,184        (548     1,742        1,790        48  

Income taxes

     503        320        (183     502        510        8  

Net Income

     1,229        864        (365     1,240        1,280        40  

Net income attributable to Kellogg Company

     1,231        866        (365     1,247        1,287        40  

Per share amounts:

                

Basic

   $ 3.40       $ 2.39       $ (1.01   $ 3.32       $ 3.43       $ 0.11   

Diluted

   $ 3.38       $ 2.38       $ (1.00   $ 3.30       $ 3.40       $ 0.10   

 

Consolidated Balance Sheet        
(millions)    2011  
      Previously
Reported
    Re-Cast     Effect of
Change
 

Inventories

   $ 1,132      $ 1,174      $ 42   

Deferred income taxes

     637       643       6  

Retained earnings

     6,721       5,305       (1,416

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

     (2,458     (1,006     1,452  

 

Consolidated Statement of Equity               
(millions)    2011     2010  
      Previously
Reported
    Re-Cast     Effect of
Change
    Previously
Reported
    Re-Cast     Effect of
Change
 

Retained earnings:

            

Beginning balance

   $ 6,122      $ 5,071      $ (1,051   $ 5,481      $ 4,390      $ (1,091

Net income attributable to Kellogg Company

     1,231       866       (365     1,247       1,287       40  

Ending Balance

     6,721       5,305       (1,416     6,122       5,071       (1,051

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):

            

Beginning balance

     (1,914     (870     1,044       (1,966     (892     1,074  

Other comprehensive income (loss)

     (544     (136     408       52       22       (30

Ending Balance

     (2,458     (1,006     1,452       (1,914     (870     1,044  

 

40


Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows               
(millions)    2011     2010  
      Previously
Reported
    Re-Cast     Effect of
Change
    Previously
Reported
    Re-Cast     Effect of
Change
 

Operating activities:

            

Net income

   $ 1,229      $ 864      $ (365   $ 1,240      $ 1,280      $ 40   

Postretirement benefit expense

           684       684             67       67  

Deferred income taxes

     84       (93     (177     266       266        

Other

     (22     (115     (93     97       3       (94

Inventories

     (76     (125     (49     (146     (159     (13

Net cash provided by operating activities

     1,595       1,595             1,008       1,008        

 

New accounting standards

Presentation of Comprehensive Income.  In June 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued a new accounting standard requiring most entities to present items of net income and other comprehensive income either in one continuous statement — referred to as the statement of comprehensive income — or in two separate, but consecutive, statements of net income and comprehensive income. The update does not change the items that must be reported in other comprehensive income or when an item of other comprehensive income must be reclassified to net income. The Company adopted this new standard in 2012.

Goodwill impairment testing.  In September 2011, the FASB issued an updated accounting standard to allow entities the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. Under the updated standard an entity would not be required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit unless the entity determines, based on a qualitative assessment, that it is more likely than not that its fair value is less than its carrying amount. The Company adopted the revised guidance in 2012, with no impact to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Multiemployer pension and postretirement benefit plans.  In September 2011, the FASB issued an updated accounting standard to provide more information about an employer’s financial obligations to multiemployer pension and postretirement benefit plans. Previously, employers were only required to disclose their total contributions to all multiemployer plans in which they participate and certain year-to-year changes in circumstances. The enhanced disclosures required under the revised guidance provide additional information regarding the overall financial health of the plan and the level of the employer’s participation in the plan. The Company adopted the revised guidance in 2012. Refer to Note 10 for disclosures regarding multiemployer plans in which the Company participates.

NOTE 2

GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Pringles® acquisition

On May 31, 2012, the Company completed its acquisition of the Pringles® business (Pringles) from The Procter & Gamble Company (P&G) for $2.695 billion, or $2.683 billion net of cash and cash equivalents, subject to certain purchase price adjustments. Through December 29, 2012, the net purchase price adjustments have resulted in a reduction of the purchase price by approximately $15 million. The purchase price, net of cash and cash equivalents, totals $2.668 billion. The acquisition was accounted for under the purchase method and was financed through a combination of cash on hand, and short-term and long-term debt. The assets and liabilities of Pringles are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 29, 2012 and the results of the Pringles operations subsequent to the acquisition date are included in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

The acquired assets and assumed liabilities include the following:

 

(millions)    May 31,
2012
 

Accounts receivable, net

   $ 128  

Inventories

     103  

Other prepaid assets

     18  

Property

     317  

Goodwill

     1,306  

Other intangibles:

  

Definite-lived intangible assets

     79  

Brand

     776  

Other assets:

  

Deferred income taxes

     21  

Other

     16  

Notes payable

     (3

Accounts payable

     (9

Other current liabilities

     (24

Other liabilities

     (60
     $ 2,668  

Goodwill of $645 million is expected to be deductible for statutory tax purposes.

Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets recognized.

 

41


The goodwill recorded as part of the acquisition primarily reflects the value of providing an established platform to leverage the Company’s existing brands in the international snacks category, synergies expected to arise from the combined brand portfolios, as well as any intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition.

The above amounts, including the allocation to reportable segments, represent the preliminary allocation of purchase price, and are subject to revision when the purchase price adjustments and the resulting valuations of property and intangible assets are finalized, which will occur prior to May 31, 2013.

Through December 29, 2012, the Company incurred transaction fees and other integration-related costs as part of the Pringles acquisition as follows: $73 million recorded in SGA, $3 million recorded in COGS and $5 million in fees for a bridge financing facility which are recorded in OIE.

Pringles contributed net revenues of $887 million and net earnings of $31 million since the acquisition, including the transaction fees and other integration-related costs discussed above. The unaudited pro forma combined historical results, as if Pringles had been acquired at the beginning of fiscal 2011 are estimated to be:

 

(millions, except per share data)    2012      2011  

Net sales

   $ 14,862      $ 14,722  

Net income

   $ 1,000      $ 946  

Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests

            (2

Net income attributable to Kellogg Company

   $ 1,000      $ 948  

Net earnings per share

   $ 2.78      $ 2.60  

 

The pro forma results include transaction and bridge financing costs, interest expense on the debt issued to finance the acquisition, amortization of the definite lived intangible assets, and depreciation based on estimated fair value and useful lives. The pro forma results are not necessarily indicative of what actually would have occurred if the acquisition had been completed as of the beginning of 2011, nor are they necessarily indicative of future consolidated results.

In December 2012, the Company also entered into a series of agreements with a third party including a loan of $44 million which is convertible into approximately 85% of the equity of the entity. Due to this convertible loan and other agreements, the Company determined that the entity is a VIE and the Company is the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, the Company has consolidated the financial statements of the VIE in 2012 and treated the consolidation as a business acquisition, which resulted in the following: current assets, $14 million; property, $36 million; amortizable intangibles and other non-current assets, $26 million; goodwill, $76 million; current liabilities, $2 million; notes payable and long-term debt, $39 million; non-current deferred tax liabilities, $8 million; and noncontrolling interests, $59 million. This business is included in the U.S. Snacks reportable segment and the above amounts represent the preliminary allocation and are subject to revision when the resulting valuations of property and intangible assets are finalized in 2013.

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, including the preliminary allocation of goodwill resulting from the Pringles acquisition to the Company’s reportable segments for the year ended December 29, 2012 are presented in the following table.

 

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill                          
(millions)   

U.S.
Morning

Foods &
Kashi

     U.S.
Snacks
     U.S.
Specialty
    

North
America

Other

     Europe      Latin
America
     Asia
Pacific
     Consoli-
dated
 

January 1, 2011

     $80        $3,257        $—         $202        $62        $—        $27        $3,628  

Currency translation adjustment

                                 (5)                       (5)   

December 31, 2011

     $80        $3,257        $—         $202        $57        $—        $27        $3,623  

Pringles goodwill

     44        570        13        18        432        100        129        1,306  

Other goodwill

            76                                           76  

Currency translation adjustment

                                 31        7        10        48  

December 29, 2012

   $ 124      $ 3,903      $ 13      $ 220      $ 520      $ 107      $ 166      $ 5,053  

 

42


Intangible assets subject to amortization                                                              

(millions)

Gross carrying amount

  

U.S.
Morning

Foods &
Kashi

     U.S.
Snacks
    U.S.
Specialty
    

North
America

Other

     Europe     Latin
America
     Asia
Pacific
     Consoli-
dated
 

January 1, 2011

     $33        $18       $—        $—        $2       $7        $—        $60  

December 31, 2011

   $ 33      $ 18     $      $      $ 2     $ 7      $      $ 60  

Pringles customer relationships

            30                     39              10        79  

Other intangible assets

            22                                         22  

Currency translation adjustment

                                2                     2  

December 29, 2012

   $ 33      $ 70     $      $      $ 43     $ 7      $ 10      $ 163  
                     
Accumulated Amortization                                                              

January 1, 2011

   $ 30      $ 8     $      $      $ 2     $ 7      $      $ 47  

Amortization

     1        1                                         2  

December 31, 2011

   $ 31      $ 9     $      $      $ 2     $ 7      $      $ 49  

Amortization

            3                     1                     4  

December 29, 2012

   $ 31      $ 12     $      $      $ 3     $ 7      $      $ 53  
                     
Intangible assets subject to amortization, net                                                              

January 1, 2011

   $ 3      $ 10     $      $      $     $      $      $ 13  

Amortization

     (1)         (1)                                          (2)   

December 31, 2011

   $ 2      $ 9     $      $      $     $      $      $ 11  

Pringles customer relationships

            30                     39              10        79  

Other intangible assets

            22                                         22  

Amortization (a)

            (3                   (1                   (4

Currency translation adjustment

                                2                     2  

December 29, 2012

   $ 2      $ 58     $      $      $ 40     $       $ 10      $ 110  

 

(a) The currently estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the next five succeeding fiscal periods is approximately $7 million per year.