Marketable Securities (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Apr. 30, 2024

Marketable securities:

Schedule of provisions of fair value measurements

	Fair value measurements at reporting date
Description	Total April 30, 2024		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total July 31, 2023		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Marketable securities	$	2,149,996	$	2,149,996	$	–	$	–	$	2,300,441	$	2,300,441	$	–	$	–

Schedule of classified marketable securities

	April 30, 2024								July 31, 2023
	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Mutual funds	$	567,463	$	161,685	$	–	$	729,148	$	595,166	$	301,007	$	–	$	896,173
Equity securities		901,523		519,325		–		1,420,848		904,981		499,287		–		1,404,268
	$	1,468,986	$	681,010	$	–	$	2,149,996	$	1,500,147	$	800,294	$	–	$	2,300,441

Schedule of investment income (loss)

	Three Months Ended April 30					Nine Months Ended April 30
	2024			2023		2024			2023
Dividend and interest income	$	7,617		$	5,846	$	74,053		$	89,653
Net realized gain on sale of marketable securities		–			–		149,260			–
Net unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities		(11,633	)		4,769		(119,284	)		(176,672	)
Total	$	(4,016	)	$	10,615	$	104,029		$	(87,019	)