Marketable Securities (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2024

Marketable securities:

Schedule of provisions of fair value measurements

	Fair value measurements at reporting date
Description	Total January 31, 2024		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total July 31, 2023		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets:
Marketable securities	$	2,165,087	$	2,165,087	$	–	$	–	$	2,300,441	$	2,300,441	$	–	$	–

Schedule of classified marketable securities

	January 31, 2024								July 31, 2023
	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Mutual funds	$	567,463	$	143,527	$	–	$	710,990	$	595,166	$	301,007	$	–	$	896,173
Equity securities		904,981		549,116		–		1,454,097		904,981		499,287		–		1,404,268
	$	1,472,444	$	692,643	$	–	$	2,165,087	$	1,500,147	$	800,294	$	–	$	2,300,441

Schedule of investment income

	Three Months Ended January 31				Six Months Ended January 31
	2024		2023		2024			2023
Dividend and interest income	$	57,191	$	75,010	$	66,436		$	83,807
Net realized gain on sale of marketable securities		149,260		–		149,260			–
Net unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities		55,916		5,762		(107,651	)		(181,441	)
Total	$	262,367	$	80,772	$	108,045		$	(97,634	)