Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company classifies all highly liquid instruments with an original maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase as cash equivalents.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 740, Income

Taxes. There are two major components of income tax expense, current and deferred. Current income tax expense approximates cash to be paid or refunded for taxes for the applicable period. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based upon the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities as measured by the enacted tax rates, which will be in effect when these differences reverse. Deferred tax expense or benefit is the result of changes between deferred tax assets and liabilities.

A valuation allowance is established when, based on an evaluation of objective verifiable evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Basic and Diluted Loss Per Share

Basic and Diluted Loss Per Share

The basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted loss per common share is computed similar to basic loss per share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional shares that would have been outstanding if the potential common shares had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. In addition, in computing the dilutive effect of convertible securities, the numerator is adjusted to add back any convertible preferred dividend and the after-tax amount of interest in the period associated with any convertible debt. The numerator is also adjusted for any other changes in income or loss that would result from the assumed conversion of these potential common shares. The if-converted method is used in calculating diluted loss per share for the convertible debentures. The treasury stock method is used in calculating diluted loss per share, which assumes that any proceeds received from the exercise of in-the-money stock options and share purchase warrants would be used to purchase common shares at the average market price for the period.

Common share equivalents represent the dilutive effect of the assumed exercise of the outstanding stock options and warrants, using the treasury stock method, and the dilutive effect of the assumed conversion of convertible debt and convertible preferred shares, using the if-converted method, only if the common stock equivalents are considered dilutive based upon the Company’s net loss position at the calculation date.

At December 31, 2016, the Company had 18,862,588 (2015 – 18,862,588) common share equivalents in respect to convertible preferred shares, stock options, and convertible debt. Because the Company incurred a loss, diluted loss per share is the same as basic loss per share.

Foreign Currency Translation

Foreign Currency Translation

Foreign currency transactions are translated into U.S. dollars, the functional and reporting currency, by the use of the exchange rate in effect at the date of the transaction, in accordance with ASC 830, Foreign Currency Matters. At each balance sheet date, recorded balances that are denominated in a currency other than U.S. dollars are adjusted to reflect the current exchange rate. Any exchange gains or losses are included in the Statements of Operations.

Financial Instruments

Financial Instruments

The carrying value of cash, accounts payable, and loans payable approximates fair value because of the demand or short term to maturity of such instruments. Unless otherwise noted, it is management’s opinion that the Company is not exposed to significant interest, currency or credit risks arising from these financial instruments.

As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, ASC 820-10 establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (observable inputs that are classified within Levels 1 and 2 of the hierarchy) and the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions (unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy).

The fair value hierarchy, as defined by ASC 820-10, contains three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value as follows:

▪ Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

▪ Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals; and

▪ Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability which are typically based on an entity’s own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity.

In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.

Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; that is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments only in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment). There were no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the periods ended December 31, 2016 and 2015.

Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation using ASC 718 which requires public companies to recognize the cost of services received in exchange for equity instruments, based on the grant-date fair value of those instruments. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option valuation model to calculate stock-based compensation at the date of the grant. Option valuation models require the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected price volatility. Changes in assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate. Compensation expense for unvested options to non-employees is revalued at each period end and is being amortized over the vesting period of the options.

Convertible Instruments and Beneficial Conversion Feature

Convertible Instruments and Beneficial Conversion Feature

When the Company issues convertible instruments with detachable instruments, the proceeds of the issuance are allocated between the convertible instrument and other detachable instruments based on their relative fair values. The resulting discount of the convertible instrument is amortized into income as interest expense over the term of the convertible instrument. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, there were no convertible instruments with detachable instruments outstanding.

When the Company issues convertible debt securities with a non-detachable conversion feature that provides for an effective rate of conversion that is below market value on the commitment date, it is known as a beneficial conversion feature. For the convertible debt securities outstanding as at December 31, 2016 and 2015, the embedded conversion features met the exemption criteria to be classified as equity instruments. The conversion feature of the security that has characteristics of an equity instrument is measured at its intrinsic value at the commitment date and is recorded as additional paid in capital. A portion of the proceeds of the security issued is allocated to the conversion feature equal to its intrinsic value to a maximum of the amount allocated to the convertible instrument. The resulting discount of the debt instrument is amortized into income as interest expense using the effective interest rate over the term of the loan.

However, due to demand nature of the convertible debt securities, the discount of the debt instrument was immediately expensed.

New Accounting Standards

New Accounting Standards

The Company does not expect the adoption of recently issued accounting pronouncements to have a significant impact on our results of operations, financial position or cash flow.